Dictionary
annotation– a brief description of a document explaining its content, purpose, form, and other features.
Arithmetic- one of the branches of mathematics that studies the simplest properties of numbers and operations performed on numbers. AT primary course Mathematicians use four arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division.
Infinity- this is something (the number of objects, the length of the line, the number of figures in the number entry), which has no limit, has no end.
Double figures are natural numbers containing two digits (the digit of units and the digit of tens of units).
Decimal system reckoning- a way of designating numbers, which is based on the number 10. The decimal number system is called positional(the number depends on the position, place of the digit in the number entry) and uses 10 Arabic numerals: 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9.
Ten The sum of ten units is ten. The phrase "numbers of the first ten" refers to numbers from 1 to 10 inclusive.
Unit is the smallest natural number in any digit. Natural numbers are positive integers, so among them 1 (one) is the smallest number (the number 0 does not apply to natural numbers).
Class- the union of units of three digits.
The name of the class, as well as the division of the number into classes, starts from right to left from junior class to the elder. A space is placed between the classes in the number entry to simplify reading.
First grade. The first three digits on the right (1st digit - units of units, 2nd digit - tens of units, 3rd digit - hundreds of units) are called classes of units. The name of this class is absent in the notation of the number and in the reading.
Second class. 4th digit - digit of units of thousands, 5th digit - digit of tens of thousands, 6th digit - digit of hundreds of thousands are combined into a class of thousands. When reading and writing a number, the class name is mandatory after the sixth digit. 13133 - thirteen thousand ...
Third class. The 7th, 8th, 9th digits from the right make up the class of millions. 7th digit is the digit of units of millions, 8th digit is the digit of tens of millions, 9th digit is the digit of hundreds of millions. When reading and writing, the name of the class must be after the ninth digit. 250 000 001 - two hundred and fifty million ...
There are 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, etc. classes (see table).
| million | |
| billion | |
| trillion | |
| quadrillion | |
| quintillion | |
| sextillions | |
| septillion | |
Quantitative natural number - a number indicating the number of all items listed during the counting and answering the question "how much", i.e. quantitative number. Each number is also ordinal at the same time, because indicates the order of objects in counting and quantitative, tk. indicates the number of all listed items.
Concentr is the area of considered numbers united by common features. In the elementary course of mathematics, the numbering of integers non-negative numbers studied in concentrations. The following concentrations are distinguished: ten, hundred, thousand, multi-digit numbers.
Less- this is a characteristic of one quantity in relation to another quantity when they are compared. The ratio "less" (
Natural number is a positive integer. A natural number can be denoted by the Latin letter "en" (N). The number acts as a general characteristic of a class of equivalent sets and is realized in the process of establishing a one-to-one correspondence between elements of different sets. In the elementary course, mathematics are revealed various ways number formation, counting, measurement, performing arithmetic operations. Natural numbers create number series, in which the number 1 is the smallest number, and the largest number is absent, because row natural numbers can be continued ad infinitum.
natural series is a series of integers starting with the number 1 and continuing indefinitely. Part of this series of numbers is also a natural series.
non-bit number- a number consisting of units of different digits (3, 13, 337, 40800).
Numbering- a set of methods for designating and naming natural numbers or as a way of connecting numbers to designate a number.
single digits are numbers consisting of one digit of the first digit of the first class of units. There are only nine single-digit numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. The largest single-digit number is 9, the smallest is 1.
Written numbering - a set of rules that make it possible to designate any numbers with the help of a few signs.
Positional principle or local principle used for numbering. This is a way of representing numbers, in which different numbers can be denoted by the same digits, depending on the place occupied by the digits when writing the number.
Ordinal number indicates the place of the item in the row indicates the order of the item in the count and answers the question “which one?”, “Which one?”. Ordinal and quantitative characteristic the numbers are closely related.
Continuity- this is a connection between phenomena, objects in the process of development, when the new replaces the old, while retaining some of its elements. Continuity is characterized by the consistency and systematic arrangement of the material, the comprehension of the high level.
Difference is the result of the subtraction operation.
Bit units. Numbers 1, 10, 100, 1000… are called bit units. 1-unit of the discharge of units; 10-unit of the discharge of tens of units; 100-unit digit of hundreds of units; 1000 is a unit of thousands place.
Discharge terms. single digits are the numbers for each category. The product of a digit of a digit by a digit unit is called a digit summand.
574263=500000+70000+4000+200+60+3
Every number, starting with two digits, can be represented bit terms.
bit number- a number consisting of units of one digit. (20, 500, 20000…)
Discharges- this is the place occupied by a digit in the notation of a number in a positional number system. The number of places occupied by digits is the number of digits of the number.
abstract – scientific work, consisting of an introductory part, the main text (15-20 pages), the final part (conclusion) and a list of references (at least 10-15 sources)
Notation- this is a set of characters, rules of operations and the order in which these characters are written when forming a number.
Check is considered as an operation of establishing a one-to-one correspondence between two sets (the number of objects and the word - numeral).
It is necessary to distinguish between mechanical and conscious counting.
mechanical account- mechanical, consciously unregulated naming of numbers in direct and reverse order.
Conscious account- the account is intentional, purposeful, deliberate.
counting unit- the main unit that is used when counting in a given concentr, i.e. what we take as the basis of the account.
Oral numbering- a set of rules that make it possible with the help of a few words to compose names for many numbers.
Number(in Arabic "syfr", meaning literally " empty place”) is a symbol for a number.
Superbarby4 | Views: 4302This article contains a glossary of mathematical terms and definitions in order to simplify your search for certain formula among the many arithmetic vocabulary. In the ocean of mathematics, there are countless drops of different terms, words, definitions and glossaries. When you start searching for a particular topic and its meaning, you seem to get lost in wonderful world numbers. Mathematics is the queen of all sciences, and this is reflected in the use of numbers in our daily lives. There is hardly any field, be it biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy, or economics, where numbers do not come into play. Our life was almost in decline without this topic. To help you search necessary expressions, this article is a glossary of mathematical terms and definitions that are presented in alphabetical order below.
Mathematical definitions derived from extensive research and theories. If an explanation is not proven to be a correct expression, it is always a zone of study and debate. The terminology enrolled here has been collected from a set different industries such as Algebra, Trigonometry, Measurements, Geometry, Calculus, etc.
Branches
This field has applications in almost every aspect of life and work. The operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division form a platform for a higher order. Kinematics, Dynamics, linear algebra, ring theory, calculus and integration of the most popular scientific areas. Magic world permutations and combinations, not to mention probability, has its wonderful applications in the real world. Read the articles below to enter this beautiful world.
A | b | C | D | E | F | G | H | And | J | K | L | M | H | About | P | M | R | C | T | At | X | W | X | G | W |
BUT
AA similarities
According to AA similarity, if two angles of a triangle are equal to two angles of another triangle, then the triangles are similar to each other.
AAS Congruence
AAS congruence is called angle-angle-side congruence. If there are two pairs of corresponding angles and a pair of corresponding opposite sides that are equal in measure, then the triangle is said to be congruent.
Abscissas
The x-coordinate of a point in a coordinate system is called the abscissa. For example, in an ordered pair n(2, 3, 5), 2 we will refer to the abscissa of the point p. In mathematical language, this would be called the length of the point (p) relative to the x-axis.
Absolute Convergence
A series that converges with all of its expressions replaced by their absolute values. To check if a series is absolutely convergent, then it is only required to replace any subtraction in the series with an addition. In the series N=1Σn=∞ is absolutely convergent if the series n=1Σn= ∞ |an| converges.
Absolute Maximum
The most high point a function or connection in the entire domain is called the absolute maximum. The first and second derivative tests are commonly used to find the absolute maximum of a function.
Absolute Minimum
The most low point functions or connections in the entire domain, is called the absolute minimum. The first and second derivatives are the most commonly used methods for finding the absolute minimum. The global minimum is also called the absolute minimum.
Absolute Value
The general concept of absolute value is what it does a negative number positive. The absolute value is called the mod value. The absolute value of a number (say x) is denoted as |x|. Remember absolute value uses bars, so don't use brackets or any other character, otherwise the meaning changes. Simply put, |-7| = 7 and |7| = 7. positive numbers and zero remain unchanged in absolute value. A better and more accurate way of understanding is that the absolute value of a number denotes the distance between the number and the origin. Thus, |x-a| = b, where b>0, says that the number x-a-z units from 0, x-a-b units to the right of 0(origin) x-b units to the left of 0(start).
Absolute value of a complex number
The absolute value of the complex number |а + ві| = √A2 + B2. The absolute value of a complex number is the distance between the initial and complex plane. For a complex number, specified as p(arccosine θ + sins θ), modulo p, i. e. the value of the radius of the circle cut out by the trigonometric equation.
Acceleration
The rate of change of speed over time is called acceleration. Mathematically, the second derivative of an object's distance is called acceleration.
Accuracy
The measure of tightness value is the actual value of the result called precision.
Sharp corner
An angle whose measure is less than 900 is called acute angle.
A triangle in which all interior angles are acute is known as an acute isosceles triangle.
Probability Addition Rule
The probability addition rule is designed to find out the probability of occurrence of one or both events.
If p(a) AND P(B) are mutually exclusive events, then the probability P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B), then P(A or B) = P(A) + P( C) - P (A AND B).
Additive Matrix Inversion
If the sign of each element of the matrix changes, then the matrix is called the inverse of the original matrix. If there is a matrix, then-it will be inverse matrix. If you add a matrix and its inverse, then the sum will be zero, since each element in the original matrix is the negative of the others.
Property additive equality
Simply put, States are additive properties that can be added on both sides of the equation. For example, x - 3 = 5 is the same as x - 3 + 3 = 5 + 3.
Adjacent Corners
If two corners share common peak and common plane and even in one side, and if they do not intersect, or one of the angles is not contained in the other, then the angles are called adjacent corners.
Attached Matrix
When we transpose the co-factor of the original matrix, then this is called the adjoint matrix.
Affine Transforms
Affine transformation refers to a combination process that can be performed on any coordinate system like translation, rotation, horizontal and vertical stretches and shrinks. It should be borne in mind that parallelism and collinearity are invariant under any kind of transformation.
Aleph Null
The 1st letter of the Hebrew alphabet, Aleph (א) denotes the cardinal number of an infinite countable set. Basically, א0 with index is usually used to denote elements of an infinitely countable set.
Algebra
This is a branch of pure mathematics that uses alphabets and letters as variables. Variables are unknown quantities whose values can be determined using other equations. For example, 3x - 7 = 78 is an algebraic equation with one unknown variable (here x). Now, with the help of algebra methods, we can solve the equation. Read more on algebra tips.
Algebraic Numbers
All rational numbers are algebraic numbers. Numbers that are roots of polynomials with integer coefficients and under surd are also included as algebraic numbers. Any number that is not a root of a polynomial with integer coefficients is not an algebraic number. These numbers are called transcendental numbers. e and Π are called transcendental numbers.
Algorithm
The algorithm is simple, step by step, to arrive at the solution of any problem.
Alpha is the 1st letter of the Greek alphabet. It is denoted (uppercase) and α (lowercase). It is often used in science as a variable for angles, etc.
Alternating Angles
If two or more parallel lines are cut into transverse ones, then the angles formed in an alternative direction to each other are called alternative angles.
Alternative Outer Corners
When two or more parallel lines are cut into transverse, alternative corners, outside one another is called an alternative outside corner.
Alternative Interior Corners
When two or more lines are cut transversely then alternating corners that lie interior to each other are called alternate internal corners.
Alternative Series
A variable series is a series that consists of alternating positive and negative sides.
The alternating sequence has the form:
1 - ½ + 1/3 - ¼ + 1/5. to infinity.
Alternating Other Series
The alternating sequence looks like this:
n \u003d 1 ∑n \u003d ∞ \u003d (-1) p + 1an \u003d A1 - A2 + A3 +.
If the series converges to s by alternating the series of trials, then the rest,
РН = з - к=1∑н(-1)к+1ak, for all N ≥ Н, is called the rest series variables.
In addition, |pH| ≤ in + 1.
Height is the shortest distance from the base to the top of a shape such as cones, triangles, etc.
Cone height
The distance between the top of a cone and its base is called the height and height of the cone.
Cylinder height
The distance between the circular bases of a cylinder or the length of a linear segment between its two bases is called the height of the cylinder.
Parallelogram height
The distance between opposite sides of a parallelogram is called the height of the parallelogram.
Prism Height
The distance between the bases of the prism is called the height of the prism.
pyramid height
The distance from the top of the pyramid to the base is called the height of the pyramid.
Trapeze Height
The distance between the bases of a trapezoid is called the height of the trapezoid.
Triangle Height
The shortest distance between the vertex of a triangle and opposite side, is called the height of the triangle.
Amplitude
This is a measure of half the distance between the maximum and minimum range. For example, if we consider a sinusoid, then ½ of the distance between the positive and negative curves is called the amplitude. It should be remembered that only periodic functions with a limited spectrum have amplitudes.
Analytic geometry is the branch that deals with the study of geometric shapes through coordinate axes. Points are built and with the help of glasses can be easily found necessary information.
Analytical Methods
If you are asked to solve a problem analytically, this means that you should not use a calculator. Analytical methods are used to solve problems using algebraic and numerical methods.
An angle is defined as a figure formed by touching the ends of two rays. In other words, this means the separation of two rays emanating from a common point.
Bisector
The line that divides an angle into two equal parts is called the angle bisector.
depression angle
The angle below the horizontal line that the observer must see in order for the object's site is called the depression angle. To better understand this, consider an observer at the top of a cliff, when he has in mind an object at some distance from the base of the cliff, the angle he subtracts will have to be accompanied by a building object called the angle of depression.
Elevation angle
The angle of elevation geometrically coinciding with the angle of depression. If a person observes an object at some height, then he must raise his line of sight above the horizontal level, this is called the elevation angle.
Line angle
The angle that the line contracts with the x-axis is called the slope of the line. The tilt angle is always measured in the counter-clockwise direction, which means that the x-axis is in the positive direction. The tilt angle is always between 00 and 1800.
The area between the two concentric circles of the annulus (say) is called the annulus fibrosus.
Counterclock-wise
Direction opposite to the movement to watch. AT this case, is the assumption that counterclockwise is always measured positive.
An antiderivative of a function
If F (x) \u003d 2x2 + 3, then its derivative F "(x) \u003d 4x. Here 4x is called the antiderivative function f (x).
Antipodes Points
In three dimensions, points diametrically opposed on a sphere are called antipodal points.
Apothem is the same as inscribed in an inscribed circle in a regular polygon. In other words, this would mean the distance from any of the midpoints of the sides of the polygon to the center of the polygon.
Approximation of differentials
By the rule of approximation of differentials, the value of the function is approximated and the principles of derivation are used in this method. The formula used in the approximation of differentials is F(X + ∆X) = f(x) + ∆y = F(X) + f"(x)∆x, where f"(x) is differential function.
Arc Length Curve
The length of the Curve line is called the length of the arc. There are three formulas for determining the arc length of a Curve. There are rectangular shape, polar shape and parametric shape that can be used.
Rectangular shape - DS = 1/2
Parametric form - DS = (DH/DT)2 + (DU/DT)2dt]1/2
In polar form - DS \u003d [P2 + (d / dƟ) 2] 1/2
Area of a circle
The area of a circle is determined by the formula ΠР2.
The inverse cosine function is called the arccos function. For example, cos-1(1/2) (read as cos reciprocal half) or "to an angle whose cosine is ½ . As we all know, nothing but 600.
The inverse function of cosec is called the arccosec function. For example, cosec-1(2) means that the slope of which is cosecant is 2. The answer is 300. It should be noted that there can be many more angles with cosecant equal to 300. What we want is the most basic angle, which gives cosecant equal to 300. For other angles, we need to consider a number of functions.
Arccot is the inverse of the cotangent function. For example, crib-1(1) means an angle whose cotangent is 1. Crib-11 = 450.
arcseconds
The reciprocal of the secant is called the function of arcseconds. For example, sec-12 means the slope of which secant is 2. sec-12 = 600.
Arcsine
The inverse of the sine function is called the arcsine function. For example, sin-1(1/2) = 300.
Equalities arctg
The inverse function of the tangent is called the arctg equality function. For example, Tan-1(1) = 450
Area below the curve
The area occupied by the curve is called the zone that the curve forms together with x and y. The area of the function y = f(x) is given by a definite integral in ʃB, where A and B are the limits of the function.
Area \u003d aʃb F (x) dx
Area between curves
The area between two curves y \u003d F (x) and G \u003d G (x) is determined by the formula,
Area = aʃB |F(x) - G(x)|DX where F(x) and G(x) is the area bounded by the top and bottom of the x and y axes whereas x= a and x=b, left and right .
Area of a convex polygon
If (x1, Y1), (x2, Y2), . , (xn, YN) are the coordinates of a convex polygon, then the area of the polygon is determined by the determinant method. In expanded form, the determinant looks like this:
1/2[(x1y2) + x2y3+ x3y1+ . xny1)] - .
Ellipse area
The area of an ellipse is determined by the formula ∏AB, where A and B are the lengths of the major and minor axes of the ellipse. If the ellipse has its center at (h, k) then
Area \u003d [(x-x) 2 / A2 + (y-K) 2 / B2]
Area of an Equilateral Triangle
The area of an equilateral triangle is found by the formula:
A2√3/4, where a = side of an equilateral triangle.
kite area
The area of a kite is determined by the formula:
½ (Product of diagonals) = ½ d1d2 x.
Area of the parabolic segment
The area of a parabolic segment is determined by 2/3 of the product's width and height.
Parallelogram area
Area of a parallelogram = base x height of a parallelogram.
Rectangle area
Area of a rectangle = length x width
Area of a regular polygon
Area of a regular polygon = ½ x apothem x perimeter.
Rhombus area
The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular to each other. Area = ½ x product of the diagonals or Area = H x s, where H and s are the height and side of the rhombus.
Circle segment area
We all know the area of a circle, and if the area of a segment is to be found, and the formula for the area of a segment of a circle is:
Area = 1/2r2(θ - sinθ) (radian)
Trapezium area
Area of a trapezoid = ½ x (sum not parallel sides) x = ½ x (B1 + B2) x
Area of a triangle
There are various formulas for calculating the area of a triangle, which are as follows.
Area = A = ½ x base x height
A \u003d ½ x AB Deshay \u003d ½ x BC. e. Sina = i/2 x ka-SinB, where A, B and C are the corners of the triangle respectively.
Given C \u003d A + B + C / 2 (half-perimeter), according to Heron's formula, A \u003d [C (C-A) (C-B) (C-C)] 1/2.
If "R" and "R" are the incircle and circumcircle to the incircle and outercircle of the triangle, then Area (A) = R and a = ABC/4R, a, b and c sides of the triangle.
Areas Using Polar Coordinates
When polar coordinates are included in the area calculation, the area is determined by the formula:
The area between the graph p = p(θ) and origin, as well as between the lines θ = α and θ = β is determined by the formula:
Area = ½ αʃβ r2d by θ
Plane Argand
complex plane called the argan plane. Basically, the argan plane is used to represent complex numbers graphically. The x axis is called real axis, and the y-axis is called the imaginary axis.
Complex number argument
To describe the angle of inclination or a complex number on the Argand plane, we use the term argument. Complex number argument in radians. The polar form of a complex number is determined by p(cosθ + isin codeθ) and the argument for this is given by θ.
Function argument
The expression in which the function operates is called the function argument. Function argument y= √x x.
Vector argument
The value of the angle describing the vector or string in complex analysis the number is called the argument of the vector.
Average
The simplest medium technique that we use in everyday life.
For example, if there are 4 values, that is, the arithmetic mean is determined by the following formula:
Arithmetic mean = (A + B + C + C + D) / 4
Arithmetic Progression
From the series that there is the same difference between its conditions. For example, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 . to infinity. The nth expression of an arithmetic progression is determined by the following formula: tn = A + (H-1)d, where A = 1st quarter, N = number of terms, and D = difference. It is also called sequence arithmetic. The sum of the arithmetic progression is found by the formula: s = n / 2 or s = n (A1 + An) / 2, where N = the number of terms.
Angle lever
One of the beams/lines forming an angle with the other is called an angle bracket.
Right triangle arm
Any of the sides of a right triangle is called the arm of the right triangle.
Associative
The operation A + (B+C) = (A + B) + C is called an associative operation. Addition and multiplication are associative, but division and subtraction are not. For example, (4+5)+ 7 = 4 + (5+7)
Asymptote
The asymptote of a curve or line that comes very close to a curve. There are horizontal and oblique asymptotes, but not vertical asymptotes.
Extended Matrix
Matrix representation system linear equations called the augmented matrix.
For example, 3x - 2y \u003d 1 and 4x + 6 years \u003d 4, then in matrix form 3, 2 and 1 (from the 1st equation) and 4, 6 and 4 (from the 2nd equation), form the elements of the 3x3 matrix, respectively .
Medium
The average is the same as the arithmetic mean.
average speed changes
The change in slope of the line is called the average rate of change of the line. Also, change in value, quantity, divided by time is the Average Rate of Change.
Function Mean
For the function y \u003d f (x) In the intervals [a, b], the average value is determined by the formula (1 / B-A) ʃ BF (x) DX
The X, Y and Z axes are called axes coordinate system.
Axiom
A statement that is accepted as true without any proof.
Cylinder axis
A line that passes exactly through the center of the cylinder and also passes through the bases of the cylinder. Simply put, on a line dividing the cylinder into two equal halves vertically.
Reflection axes
The line along which the reflection occurs.
Axis of rotation
The axis along which the axis rotates.
Axes of symmetry
A line along which a geometric figure or shape is symmetrical.
Axis of symmetry of the parabola
The axis of symmetry of a parabola is the line that passes through the focus and vertex of the parabola.
Topb
Back Substitution
Reverse substitution is a technique that is used to solve a system of linear equations that has already been modified into a line-echelon form and a lowered streak-echelon form. After replacing the equation, the first equation is solved, then the penultimate one, then the next one, and so on.
Base (Geometry)
Bottom part a geometric figure like a solid object or a triangle is called the base of the object.
Expression base
Consider an expression of the form AX. Then "a" can be called the base expression ax.
Base of an isosceles triangle
Base isosceles triangle the sides of the triangle are not equal. In other words, it is different than the legs of a triangle.
The base of the trapezoid
A trapezoid has four sides with two sides parallel. Either of the two parallel sides can be considered as the base of a trapezoid.
Triangle base
The base of the triangle is the side on which the height can be drawn. This is the side that is perpendicular to the height.
Bearing
Bearing is the method used to mark the direction of the line. If there are two points A and B, then it can be said to have bearing θ degrees from point B if the line connecting A and B makes an angle θ with vertical line drawn through B. The angle is measured clockwise.
Bernoulli trials
In statistics, Bernoulli trials are experiments where the result can be either true or false. In Bernoulli trials, all events must be independent. The binomial probability formula is p (K successes in N trials) = nCrpkqn - K, where,
N= number of samples,
k = number of successes,
N - K = number of failures,
p = probability of success in trials
m = 1 - p, the probability of failure in one trial.
Beta (Ββ)
Greek letter often used as a symbol for variables.
double condition
It is a way of expressing a statement containing more than one condition, i.e. the condition and its converse. These statements are called biconditionals. They are represented by the symbol ⇔. For example, the following statements can be called biconditionals: "The given triangle is equilateral" is the same as "All angles of a triangle measure 60º."
A binomial can simply be defined as a polynomial that has two conditions, but they don't look like conditions. For example, 3x is 5z3, 4x is 6y2.
Binomial Odds
The coefficients of various expressions in the expansion of the Newton binomial binomial are called binomial coefficients. Mathematically, the binomial coefficient is equal to the number of R elements that can be selected from a set of N elements. They are simply called binomial coefficients because they are the binomial coefficients of extended expressions. As a rule, they are presented on the RNS.
Binomial coefficients in Pascal's triangle
Pascal's triangle is an arithmetic triangle used to calculate the binomial coefficients of various numbers. The binomial coefficients (RNC) in Pascal's triangle are called the binomial coefficients in Pascal's triangle. Pascal's triangle finds its main application in algebra and probability theory, the theorem/Beanom.
Binomial Probability Formula
The probability of M successes in N trials is called the binomial probability formula. The formula is determined by the formula:
Formula: p(M successes in N trials) = mCnpkqn-K, where,
N = number of trials
M = number of successes
N - m = number of failures
p = probability of success in one trial
question = probability of failure in one trial.
Bean's theorem
The theorem is used to extend the powers of a polynomial and an equation. It is found according to the formula:
(A + B)N = nC0an + nC1an-1B + . +NTN-1abn-1 +NTN.
Boolean Algebra
Boolean algebra deals with logical calculus. Boolean algebra takes only two values in logical analysis, either 1 or zero. More on logical occurrences.
Boundary Problem
Any differential equation that has a constraining effect on the values of a function (not just derivatives) is called a boundary value problem.
Limited Function
A function that has a limited spectrum. For example, in the set , 9 is the top limited number and 2 bottom is the limited number.
A sequence that borders on the upper and lower bounds. As a harmonic series, 1, ½, 1/3, ¼, . to infinity is a bounded function, since the function lies between 0 and 1.
limited set geometric points
A limited set of geometric points is called a figure or a set of points that can be enclosed in a fixed space or coordinates.
Limited set of numbers
Set of numbers with lower and upper borders. For example, called a limited set of numbers.
Borders of integration
For a definite integral, aʃB F(X)DX, A and B are called boundaries or limits of integration. As part of the integration, also indicate the limits of integration.
Box
The cuboid is often called a box. The volume of such rectangular box is determined by the product of length, width and height.
Box with mustache plot
The Boxes and Tanks plot is the beginning of a lesson for beginners to make them understand the basics of data processing. Box with whiskers The chart shows some of the data, not the full statistics of the recorded data. Five number summary is another name for the visual representation and mustache plot.
Boxplot
The data that displays five sum summaries is schematically represented as:
Small
1st Quartile
Median
3rd Quartile
largest
Suspenders
The symbolic representation (or) which is used to indicate sets, etc..
The symbol means grouping. They work in a similar way that brackets do.
Genpsk
Calculus
A branch that deals with integration, differentiation, and various other forms of derivatives.
Numerals
Cardinal numbers indicate the number of elements in the infinite or finite.
cardinality
It is the same as the numbers. It should be noted that the cardinality of any infinite set is the same.
Cartesian Coordinates
The Cartesian coordinates of the axes that are used to represent the coordinates of the point. (x,y) and (x,y,z) are Cartesian coordinates.
Cartesian planes
The plane formed by the horizontal and vertical axes, like the X and Y axes, is called the Cartesian plane.
contact network
The curve formed by a hanging wire or ring is called a catenary. As a rule, the chain is confused with the parabola. However, although superficially similar, it is not the same as a parabola. The hyperbolic cosine graph is called contact network.
Cavalieri principle.
How to find volume solids using the formula V = BH where B = area cross section base (cylinder, prism) and H = solid height.
Central Corner
An angle in a circle with a vertex at the center of the circle.
Centroid
The point of intersection of the three medians of a triangle.
Centroid Formula
The centroid of points (x1, Y1, x2, Y2, xn, yn) is determined by the formula:
(x1 + x2 + x3+. xn)/n, (Y1 + Y2 + Y3+. y)/n
Ceva's theorem x
Ceva's theorem is the way that relates the relation in which three parallel cevians divide a triangle. If AB, BC and CA are the three sides of a triangle, and AE, BF and CD are the three cevians of the triangle, then by Ceva's theorem,
(AD/DB)(BE/EU)(MV/PA) = 1.
A line that extends from the vertex of a triangle to the opposite side, like the altitude and median.
Chain Rule
The method of differential calculus is used to find the derivative of a complex function.
(d / DH) F (G (X)) \u003d f "((G (x)) G" (x) or (DU / DH) \u003d (di / DU) (DU / DH)
Changing the Base Formula
Highly useful formula to the logarithm, which is used to express a specific logarithmic function to another base. That's why it's called formula, change the base.
Changing the base Formula: logax = (logbx/logba)
Check out the solution
Checking the solution means that the values of the relevant variables in the equation and check if the equations meet the given equation or system of equations.
A chord is a line segment that connects two points on a curve. In a circle, the largest chord is the diameter that connects the two ends of the circle.
The locus of all points that are always at a fixed distance from a fixed point.
Circular Cone
A cone with a circular base.
The volume of a circular cone is found by the formula V = 1/3πR2 and
Circular Cylinder
Cylinder with a circle at the base.
circles
The center of the circle is called the circumference.
circles
A circle that passes through all the vertices of a regular polygon and a triangle is called a circle.
Circular pattern around the perimeter.
Circumscribable
Drawing is a plan that has circles.
Limited
The figure is bounded by a circle.
circumscribed circle
A circle that touches the vertex of a triangle or regular polygon.
Clockwise
The direction of movement of the clock hand.
Closed Interval
A closed interval is one in which both the first and last terms are included when considering the entire set. For example, .
Coefficient
A constant number that is multiplied by variables and powers into an algebraic expression. For example, in 234x2yz, 243 is a factor.
Coefficient Matrices
Matrix formed by coefficients linear system equations is called the matrix of coefficients
Cofactor
If a determinant is obtained by removing the rows and columns of a matrix in order to solve an equation, it is called a cofactor.
Matrix Factor
Matrices with elements from factors, term by term, in a square matrix is called a cofactor matrix.
Cofunction Personalities
Cofunction ID cards that show the relationship between trigonometric functions such as sine, cosine, cotangent.
Coincidence
If two figures overlap each other, then they are said to coincide. In other words, the pattern matches when all the dots match.
collinear
Two points are said to be collinear if they lie on the same line.
Matrix columns
The vertical set of digits in a matrix is called a matrix column.
Combination
Select items from a group of items. The order does not matter when selecting an object.
Combination formula
A formula that is used to determine the number of possible combinations of p objects from a set of N objects. The formula assumes binomial coefficients and is defined as:
RNS. It reads like "N choose p"
Combinatorics
The branch that studies permutations and combinations of objects and materials.
Decimal Logarithm
The base 10 logarithm is called decimal logarithm.
Commutatively
An operation is called commutative if x ø Г = Г * x, for all values of X and Y. Addition and multiplication are commutative operations. For example, 4 + 5 = 5 + 4 or 6 x 5 = 5 x 6. Division and subtraction are not commutative.
Matrix Compatibility
Two matrices are said to be compatible for multiplication if the number of columns of the 1st matrix is equal to the number of rows of the other.
Complement the corner
The complement of an angle of 75º say is 90º 75º = 15º.
Complementary events
The set of all event outcomes that are not included in the event. The composition of the set is written as AC. Formulas are defined as: P(AC) = 1 - P(A) or p (Not A) = 1 - P(A).
Complement the set
Elements of the given set that are not contained in the given set.
Additional Angles
If the sum of two angles is 90º, then they say that additional corners. For example, 30º and 60º complement each other, and their sum is 90º.
Composite Number
Itself a positive integer whose factors are the numbers 1 and the numbers. For example, 4, 6, 9, 12, etc. 1-This is not composite number.
Fraction Mixture
A fraction is a fraction that has at least one fraction term in the numerator and denominator.
Compound Inequality
When two or more than two inequalities are solved together it is known as a composite inequality.
Compound interest
When calculating compound interest, the amount earned as interest on a certain amount/principal is added to the original participant, and from this interest is accrued on the new principal. Thus, the interest is not only calculated on the original balance, but the balance or principal received after the addition of interest.
Concave
A concave-shaped figure or body that has a surface to bend inward or bulge outward. It is also known as non-convex. Concave concave down or up, other forms of concave shape.
Concentric
Geometric shapes that are similar in shape and have common center. Typically, the term is used for concentric concentric circles.
Simultaneously
If two or more than two lines or curves intersect at one point, then it is said to be at the same time at that moment.
Conditional Equation
An equation that is true for some variable values and false for other variable values. An equation has certain conditions imposed on it that satisfy only certain values of the variables.
Because-1x
Inverse function cos is read as because the inverse of x. For example, that -1½ = 60º.
Crib-1x
Buy crib-1x, we mean the angle whose cotangent is x. For example, when we are asked to find the smallest angle whose cotangent is 1? The answer is 45 degrees. So crib-11 = 45º.
A cube is a three-dimensional figure bounded by six equal sides. The volume of the Cube is given in L3, where L is the side of the Cube.
Cube Root
A cube root is a number denoted as x⅓ such that B3 = x e.g. (64)⅓ = 4.
Cubic Polynomial
A polynomial of degree 3 is called a cubic polynomial. For example, x3 + 2x2 + x.
cuboid
The cuboid is a three-dimensional box that has a length, width, and height. It is also called a cuboid.
TopD
Moivre's theorem is
De Moiver's theorem is a formula that is widely used in integrated system calculus for calculating powers and roots of complex numbers. It is found according to the formula:
[p(cosθ + isin codeθ)]n = pH(cosnθ + isinnθ).
Decagon
At 10, a square is called a decagon.
Decile
Statistically, deciles are any of nine values, dividing the data by 10 equal parts. The first decile cuts off at the low 10% of the data, which is called the 10th percentile. The 5th decile cuts off the low 50% of the data, which is called the 50th percentile or 2nd quartile and the median. The 9th decile cuts off the low 90% of the data, the 90th percentile.
Decreased Functions
A function whose value continuously decreases as you move from left to right on its graph is called a decreasing function. A line with a negative slope is a great example of a decreasing function, where the value of the function decreases as we move onto the x-axis. If a decreasing function is differentiable, then its derivative at all points (where the function decreases) will be negative.
Definite Integral
Integral, which is calculated on the interval. This is given byʃBF(x)DX. Here the interval is [a, b].
Degenerate Conic Sections
If a double cone is cut off by a plane passing through the vertex of the plane, then it is called degenerate conic sections. He has general equations type:
Ax2 + Bxy Po + Cy2 + Dx + Ey + F = 0
Degrees (measurement angle)
Degree is a measure of the slope or angle that lines or planes are contracting. The degree is indicated by the symbol "°".
Degree of a polynomial
The power of the highest term in an algebraic expression is called the degree of the polynomial. In the expression 2x5 + 3y4 + 5x3, the degree of the polynomial is 5.
Degree term
In 5y7, the exponent term is 7, in 5x24y3, the exponent term is the sum of the exponents 5x and 4d, which means 5.
Operator-Del -
The del-operator is denoted by the symbol ∂(x, y, Z)/∂x. Operator del ∇ = (∂/∂х, ∂/∂Y) or (∂/∂х, ∂/∂г, ∂/∂з)
Remote Neighborhoods
The remote neighborhood set is defined as the set (x: 0
Delta (Δδ)
Greek letter representing the main discriminant of a quadratic equation.
Denominator
The bottom of a fraction is called the denominator. Into a fraction (4/5), 5 is the denominator.
Dependent Variable
Consider the expressions y = 2x + 3, where x is the independent variable and Y is the dependent variable. It is a general concept to plot by taking the independent variable on the x-axis and the dependent variable on the y-axis.
Derivatives
The slope of the tangent to a function is called the derivative of the function. This is a graphical interpretation of the derivative. As an operation of differentiation, consider F(x) = x2, then its derivative F"(x) = 2x.
Descartes' rule of signs
Method for determining the maximum number of positive zeros of a polynomial. According to this rule, the number of changes in the sign of an algebraic expression gives the number of roots of the expression.
determinant
Determinants are mathematical objects that are very useful in determining the solution to a system of linear equations.
Matrix Diagonal
A square matrix that has zeros everywhere except on the main diagonal.
Polygon diagonals
A line segment that connects nonadjacent diagonal vertices. If the polygon has n sides, then the number of diagonals is determined by the formula:
H (H-3) / 2 diagonals.
Diameter
The longest chord of a circle is called the diameter. It can also be defined as a line segment passing through the center of the circle and tangent to both ends of the circle.
diametrically opposed
The two points are directly opposite each other in a circle.
Difference
The result of subtracting two numbers is called the difference.
Differentiability
A curve that is continuous at all points in its domain is called a differentiable function. In other words, if there is a derivative of the curve at all points in the variable domains, it is said to be differentiable.
Differential
Tiny and infinitesimal change in the value of a variable.
Differential equation
Equation with functions and derivatives. For example, (DU/DH)2 = r
Differentiation
Performing the process of finding the derivative.
Any of the nine digit numbers, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
Dihedral angle
The angle formed by the intersection of two planes.
dilatation
Dilation refers to the expansion of a geometric figure by a transformation method.
Dilatation of a geometric figure
A transformation in which all distances increase by some common factor. The scores extended from a common fixed point p.
Dilation Graph
In graphical dilation, x-coordinates and y-coordinates increase by some common factor. The transformation coefficient of the graph is done, must be greater than 1. If the coefficient is less than 1, it is called compression.
Dimensions
The sides of a geometric figure are often referred to as dimensions.
Matrix dimensions
The number of rows and columns of a matrix is called the size of the matrix. For example, if a matrix has 2 rows and 3 columns, then its dimensions will be 2x3 (read as two or three).
Direct Proportions
When one of the variables is a constant of several others, this is called the direct variant. For example, Y = KX driver (here Y and X are variables, and K-constant factor).
Ellipse guides
Two parallel lines on the outer ellipse, located perpendicular to the main axis.
Tope
E is a transcendental number that has a value approximately equal to 2.718. It is often used when working with logarithms and exponential function.
Eccentricity
A number that defines the shape of the Curve. It is represented by a small letter "E" (this E is in no way related to the exponential E = 2.718). In a conic section, the eccentricity of curves is the ratio between the distance from the center to the focus, and the horizontal and vertical distance from the center to the apex.
stepped view matrices
The echelon matrix is used to solve a system of linear equations.
Polyhedron Edge
One of the line segments that together make up the faces of a polyhedron.
Matrix element
The numbers inside the matrix in the form of rows and columns is called a matrix element.
Set element
Any dot, line, letter, number, etc. contained in a set is called an element of the set.
Empty Set
A set that does not contain any element. The empty set is denoted by () or Ø.
Equality Equation Properties
Algebra equality properties that are used to solve algebraic equations. The definitions of these equality properties are as follows:
x = Y means that x is equal to Y and Y ≠ x means that Y is not equal to x. The operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are all true for the equality property of an equation.
Reflexive properties - x = x;
Symmetric property - if x = y, then y = x;
Transitivity - if X = Y and Y = Z, then x = z
Equilateral triangle
An equilateral triangle has three equal sides and the measure of each angle is 60º.
Equivalence relation
Any equation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive.
Equivalent systems equations
Two sets of equations that have the same solutions.
Significant discontinuities
This is a type of discontinuity in a graph that cannot be removed by simply adding a dot. There is a significant gap at the point, the limit of the function does not exist.
Euclidean geometry
Geometric study lines, points, angles, quadrilaterals, axioms, theorems and other branches of geometry is called Euclidean geometry. Euclid's geometry is named after Euclid, one of the greatest Greek mathematicians and known as the "father of geometry". Read more about famous mathematicians.
Euler formula
Euler's formula gives EIπ + 1= 1. This is a widely used formula in complex quantity analysis.
Euler's Formula to Polyhedron
For any polyhedron, the following relation is valid:
[Number of faces (n)] - [number of vertices (V)] - [Number of edges (E)] = 2.
This formula is true for all convex and concave polyhedra.
Even Function
A function whose graph is symmetrical about the Y axis. In addition, F (-X) \u003d F (x).
Even Quantity
The set of all integers that are divisible by 2. E= (0, 2, 4, 6, 8. )
Explicit Differentiation
The derivative of an explicit function is called explicit differentiation. For example, Y = x3 + 2x2 - x3. Differentiating this gives,
y" \u003d 3x2 + 4x - 3.
Explicit Functions
In an explicit function, the dependent variable can be fully expressed in terms of the independent variables. For example, Y= 5x2 - 6x.
Exhibitor Rules
Exponential rules are as follows.
Serial number
Exponential Formula
1
anam = K+M
2
(a.b)N = c. billion
3
A0 = 1
4
(i)n = anm
5
i/N = N√AM
6
a-m = 1/A-M
7
(i / K) \u003d A (M-H)
Ultimate Cost Theorem
According to this theorem, there is always at least one maximum and one minimum for any continuous function on a closed interval.
Extreme values of the Polynomial
Polynomial graph of degree N has at most N-1 extreme values (highs or lows)
Topfa
Polyhedron Face
A polygonal outer boundary is a solid object, having no curved surfaces.
integer factor
If a given integer is evenly divisible by another number, then the result is called a factor of the integer. For example: 2, 4, 8, 16, etc. are factors of 32.
Polynomial coefficient
If the polynomial P(X) is completely divided by the polynomial P(X) on Q(x), then Q(x) is called the coefficient of the polynomial. For example: P(X)= x2+6x+8, and Q(x)=x+4 then P(x)/G(X)=X+2. M(x)=x+4-coefficient.
Theorem Factor
When x-a is the coefficient of P(X), the value of x is replaced by P(X), then if the resulting value is 0, then such a theorem is called the factor theorem. For example: P (x) \u003d x2 + 6x + 24. M(X)=X-(-4). If x is replaced, then -4, then p (x) \u003d 0.
Factorial
The product of an integer with successive smaller numbers is called the factorial. It is represented as "N!". For example: 5! = 5*4*3*2*1= 120.
Factoring Rules
These are the formulas that govern the factorizations of a polynomial. For example,
x2-(A + B) x + AB \u003d (x-a) (x-b).
x2+2(A)X+A2=(x+a)2
x2-2(A)X + A2=(x-a)2
Learn more about the grouping factor.
Fibonacci series
This is a series of numbers, where the next number is found by adding the two previous numbers in the series. The first two digits of the series are 0 and 1. The series is 0,1,2,3,5,8.
final
This term is used to describe a group in which all elements can be enumerated using natural numbers.
First Derivative
The function F(A) that controls the slope of the Curve at any given point, or the slope of a line drawn tangent to the Curve from that point on the plane, is called the first derivative. It is represented as F". For F(x)=5x2. F"(x)=10x will be the slope of the Curve.
First derivative test
A technique that is used to determine the inflection point potential. (minimum, maximum, or none)
First order differential equation
It is also known as the reflective axis. This is a line that divides a plane or geometric figure into two parts, which are mirror images of each other.
Gender Function (Greatest Integer Function)
This is the function f(x), which is responsible for finding the largest integer less than the actual value of P(x). For example: P(X)=5.5, where the largest integer less than 5.5 is 5. The function that gives F(x)=5 becomes the floor function.
Ellipse Foci
They fixed two points inside the ellipse such that the vertical curve is determined by the formula L1+L2=2a and the horizontal curve according to the equation L1+L2=2B, where L is the distance between the focal point and the curve, a is the horizontal radius and the vertical radius b.
Focuses of hyperbole
They fix two points inside the curved hyperbola, such that the determinant L1-L2 is always constant. L1 and L2 are the distances between the point p (which is the curve) and the corresponding Directivity of the Curve.
Conic section curves are adjusted by distance from a special point called the focus.
Focus of the parabola
In parabolas, the distance from a point p on the curve and an arbitrary point inside the parabola, equal to distance between the same point p And the headmistress Curve. Such an arbitrary point is called the focus of the parabola.
foil method
Foil is an abbreviation for First Outer Inner Past. This is the method by which binomials are multiplied. Multiplication order
The first members of the Binomials
External conditions Binom
binomial inner circle
External conditions Binomial.
For example: (a+b)(A-B)= A. A+A. (-B) + B. A + B. (-b)
Formula
Relationships between different variables (sometimes expressed as an equation) are depicted using symbols. For example: A+B=7
fractal
When every part of a figure is similar to every other part of another figure, the figure is called a fractal.
Fraction
This is the ratio between two numbers. For example: 9/11.
Faction Rules
Algebra rules are used to unite different factions.
Fractional Equations
An expression in the form of A/B on either side of the equal sign is called a fractional equation. For example: x / 6 \u003d 4/3.
Activities Functions
Various operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, division and composition, which have a combined effect on various functions. For example: F(A/B) = F(A)/F(b).
Fundamental theorem of algebra
Each polynomial is characterized by one variable, having complex coefficients, will have at least one root, which is also complex in nature.
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
The statement that the factors of a prime number are always different and unequal is the fundamental theorem of arithmetic.
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus
Differentiation and integration are the two most basic operations of calculus. The theorem that establishes a connection between them is called the fundamental theorem of calculus.
Bargain
Jordan-Gauss Elimination
Method for solving a system of linear equations. In this process, the augmented form of the system matrix is reduced to the form of a series echelon using consecutive operations.
Gauss method
Method for solving a system of linear equations. In the Gaussian elimination method, the augmented form of a matrix is reduced to a series of stepped forms, and then the system is solved by back substitution.
Gaussian Integer
Gaussian integers in complex numbers, presented in + Bi. For example, 3 + 2u, 5u and 6u + 5 are called Gaussian integers.
The largest integer that divides a certain set of digits. His full form is called the greatest common divisor. For example, RGS with a volume of 20, 30, and 60 is 10.
General view of the line equation
In general, the equation of a straight line is the equation
Ax + yu + c = 0, where A, B and C are integers.
Geometric figure
A geometric figure is a set of points on a plane or space, which leads to the formation of a figure.
Geometric Mean
Geometric mean is a way of finding the average of a certain set of numbers. For example, if there are numbers A1, A2, A3, . AN, then multiply the numbers and take the root of the N-product.
Geometric mean = (A1, A2, A3, . . , c)½
Geometric progression
A geometric progression is a sequence whose conditions are in constant relation to the previous conditions. For example, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, . , 28 conditions geometric progression. Here the overall factor is 2. (like 4/2 = 8/4 = 16/8 .)
Geometric Series
A geometric series is a series of consecutive ones whose terms are in constant ratio. An example of a geometric progression 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, .
Geometry
The study of geometric shapes in two and three dimensions is called geometry.
Greatest lower bound
The greatest of all lower bounds on a set of numbers is called the GLB, or the greatest bottom line. For example, in the set , in GLB is 2.
Glide Reflections
A transformation in which the drawing must go through a combination of translation and reflection steps.
Global Maximum
The highest point on a graph of a function or relationship (in the area of the function definition). First and second derivative tests are used to find maximum value functions. It is also called global maximum, absolute maximum, and relative maximum.
Global Minimum
The lowest point on a function or relationship graph. The first and second derivative tests are used to find the minimum value of a function. It is also called the global minimum, absolute minimum, or global minimum.
Golden mean
The ratio (1 + √5)/2 ≈ 1.61803 is called the golden mean. The unique property of the golden mean is that the mutual golden mean is about 0.61803. Therefore, the golden mean is one plus its reciprocal.
Golden Rectangle
If the ratio of the length and width of the rectangle is golden mean, then the rectangle is called the golden rectangle. It is believed that this rectangle is the most pleasing to the eye.
Golden Spiral
Spirals that can be drawn inside a golden rectangle.
The number 10100 is called a googol.
Googolplex
Googolplex can be written as 10100100.
Equation or inequality graph
A graph obtained by plotting all the points in a coordinate system.
Graphic Methods
Using graphical methods to solve mathematical problems.
Big Circle
A circle drawn on the surface of a sphere that shares a common center with the circle.
Largest Integer Function
The largest number of functions of any number (say x) is an integer less than or equal to x". The largest entire function is represented as [x]. For example, = 3 and [-2.5] = 3
Pacific Fleet
Half corner ID
Trigonometry identities that are used to calculate the value of sine, cosine, tangent, etc. from half of a given angle.
Trigonometric identities
Mathematics (ancient Greek μᾰθημᾰτικά< др.-греч. μάθημα - изучение, наука) - the science of structures, order and relationships, historically based on the operations of counting, measuring and describing the shape of objects. Mathematical objects are created by idealizing the properties of real or other mathematical objects and writing these properties in a formal language. Mathematics does not belong to the natural sciences, but is widely used in them both for the precise formulation of their content and for obtaining new results. Maths - fundamental science, which provides (general) linguistic means to other sciences; thus revealing them structural relationship and contributes to finding the most general laws of nature.
We present to your attention a dictionary of mathematical terms.
Abscissa- (Latin word abscissa - "cut off"). Loans. from the French lang. at the beginning of the 19th century Franz. abscisse - from lat. This is one of the point's Cartesian coordinates, usually the first one, denoted by x. AT modern sense T. was used for the first time by the German scientist G. Leibniz (1675).
Additivity- (Latin word additivus - “added”). The property of quantities, consisting in the fact that the value of the quantity corresponding to the whole object is equal to the sum of the values of the quantities corresponding to its parts in any division of the object into parts.
Adjunct- (Latin word adjunctus - "attached"). This is the same as the algebraic addition.
Axiom- (Greek word axios - valuable; axioma - “adoption of position”, “honor”, “respect”, “authority”). In Russian - since Peter's times. This is a basic proposition, a self-evident principle. For the first time T. is found in Aristotle. Used in Euclid's Elements. An important role was played by the works of the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes, who formulated the axioms related to the measurement of quantities. Lobachevsky, Pash, Peano contributed to axiomatics. A logically impeccable list of the axioms of geometry was indicated by the German mathematician Hilbert at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Axonometry- (from the Greek words akon - "axis" and metrio - "I measure"). This is one of the ways to depict spatial figures on a plane.
Algebra- (Arabic word "al-jabr"). This is a part of mathematics that develops in connection with the problem of solving algebraic equations. T. first appears in outstanding mathematician and the 11th century astronomer Muhammad bin Musa al-Khwarizmi.
Analysis- (Greek word analozis - “decision”, “permission”). T. "analytical" goes back to Vieta, who rejected the word "algebra" as barbaric, replacing it with the word "analysis".
Analogy -(Greek word analogia - “correspondence”, “similarity”). This is a conclusion based on the similarity of particular properties that two mathematical concepts have.
Antilog - (Latin word nummerus - "number"). This is the number that the given table value logarithm, denoted by the letter N.
Antje - (French word entiere - "whole"). It's the same as whole part real number.
Apothem -(Greek word apothema, apo - "from", "from"; thema - "applied", "delivered").
1. In a regular polygon, apothem is a segment of a perpendicular dropped from its center to any of its sides, as well as its length.
2.B right pyramid apothem - the height of any of its side faces.
3. In a regular truncated pyramid, the apothem is the height of any of its side faces.
Applique -(Latin word applicata - “applied”). This is one of the Cartesian coordinates of a point in space, usually the third, denoted by the letter Z.
Approximation- (Latin word approximo - “approaching”). Replacing some mathematical objects with others, in one sense or another close to the original ones.
Function argument(Latin word argumentum - “object”, “sign”). This is an independent variable, the values of which determine the values of the function.
Arithmetic(Greek word arithmos - "number"). This is the science that studies operations on numbers. Arithmetic originated in the countries of Dr. East, Babylon, China, India, Egypt. Special Contribution introduced: Anaxagoras and Zeno, Euclid, Eratosthenes, Diophantus, Pythagoras, L. Pisa and others.
Arctangent, Arcsine(the prefix "arc" is the Latin word arcus - "bow", "arc"). Arcsin and arctg appear in 1772 in the works of the Viennese mathematician Schaeffer and the famous French scientist J.L. Lagrange, although D. Bernoulli had already considered them a little earlier, but who used a different symbolism.
Asymmetry(Greek word asymmetria - "disproportion"). This is the absence or violation of symmetry.
Asymptote(Greek word asymptotes - "mismatched"). It is a straight line approached indefinitely by the points of some curve as these points move away to infinity.
Astroid(Greek word astron - "star"). Algebraic curve.
Associativity(Latin word associatio - "connection"). Associative law of numbers. T. was introduced by W. Hamilton (1843).
Billion(French word billion, or billion - milliard). This is a thousand million, the number represented by a unit with 9 zeros, i.e. number 10 9 . In some countries, a billion is a number equal to 1012.
Binomial(Latin words bi - “double”, nomen - “name) the sum or difference of two numbers or algebraic expressions, called members of the binomial.
Bisector(Latin words bis - “twice” and sectrix - “secant”). Loans. In the 19th century from the French lang. where bissectrice - goes back to lat. phrase. This is a straight line passing through the vertex of the angle and dividing it in half.
Vector(Latin word vector - “carrier”, “carrier”). This is a directed segment of a straight line, in which one end is called the beginning of the vector, the other end is called the end of the vector. This term was introduced by the Irish scientist W. Hamilton (1845).
Vertical angles(Latin words verticalis - "top"). These are pairs of angles with a common vertex, formed by the intersection of two lines so that the sides of one angle are a continuation of the sides of the other.
Hexahedron(Greek words geks - "six" and edra - "edge"). This is a hexagon. This T. is attributed to the ancient Greek scientist Pappus of Alexandria (3rd century).
Geometry(Greek words geo - "Earth" and metreo - "I measure"). Other Russian loans. from Greek The part of mathematics that studies spatial relationships and shapes. T. appeared in the 5th century BC. in Egypt, Babylon.
Hyperbola(Greek word hyperballo - “pass through something”). Loans. in the 18th century from lat. lang. This is a non-closed curve of two unboundedly extending branches. T. was introduced by the ancient Greek scientist Apollonius of Perm.
Hypotenuse(Greek word gyipotenusa - "stretching"). Zamstvo from lat. lang. in the 18th century, in which hypotenusa - from the Greek. the side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle. ancient greek scientist Euclid(3rd century BC) instead of this term he wrote, "the side that contracts the right angle."
Hypocycloid(Greek word gipo - “under”, “below”). A curve that is described by a point on a circle.
Goniometry(Latin word gonio - "angle"). This is the doctrine of "trigonometric" functions. However, this name did not stick.
Homothety(Greek word homos - “equal”, “same”, thetos - “located”). This is an arrangement of figures similar to each other, in which the lines connecting the points of the figures corresponding to each other intersect at the same point, called the center of the homothety.
Degree(Latin word gradus - “step”, “step”). A unit of measure for a flat angle, equal to 1/90 of a right angle. Measurement of angles in degrees appeared more than 3 years ago in Babylon. Designations reminiscent of modern ones were used by the ancient Greek scholar Ptolemy.
Schedule(Greek word graphikos- “inscribed”). This is a graph of a function - a curve on a plane, depicting the dependence of a function on an argument.
Deduction(Latin word deductio - "bringing out"). This is a form of thinking through which a statement is derived purely logically (according to the rules of logic) from some given statements - premises.
Deferents(Latin word defero- “I carry”, “I move”). This is the circle along which the epicycloids of each planet rotate. According to Ptolemy, the planets revolve in circles - epicycles, and the centers of the epicycles of each planet revolve around the Earth in large circles - deferents.
Diagonal(Greek word dia - "through" and gonium - "angle"). This is a line segment connecting two vertices of a polygon that do not lie on the same side. T. is found in the ancient Greek scientist Euclid (3rd century BC).
Diameter(Greek word diametros - "diameter", "through", "measuring" and the word dia - "between", "through"). T. "division" in Russian is first found in L.F. Magnitsky.
Headmistress(Latin word directrix - "guide").
discreteness(Latin word discretus - “divided”, “intermittent”). This is discontinuity; opposed to continuity.
Discriminant(Latin word discriminans- “distinguishing”, “separating”). This is an expression composed of quantities defined by a given function, the conversion of which to zero characterizes one or another deviation of the function from the norm.
distributivity(Latin word distributivus - “distributive”). The distributive law relating addition and multiplication of numbers. T. introduced the French. scientist F. Servois (1815).
Differential(Latin word differento- “difference”). This is one of the basic concepts mathematical analysis. This T. is found in the German scientist G. Leibniz in 1675 (published in 1684).
Dichotomy(Greek word dichotomia - “dividing in two”). Classification method.
Dodecahedron(Greek words dodeka - "twelve" and edra - "foundation"). This is one of five regular polyhedra. T. is first encountered by the ancient Greek scientist Teetet (4th century BC).
abscissa- segment) of point A is the coordinate of this point on the OX axis in a rectangular coordinate systemAxiom
(other Greek. ἀξίωμα - statement, position) - a statement that is accepted as true without evidence, and which subsequently serves as a "foundation" for building evidence within the framework of any theory, discipline, etc. .
Applique
coordinate of a point on the OZ axis in a rectangular three-dimensional coordinate system.Asymptote
(from Greek. ασϋμπτωτος - non-coinciding, not touching) a curve with an infinite branch - a straight line with the property that the distance from a point of the curve to this straight line tends to zero when the point is removed along the branch to infinity. The term first appeared in Apollonius of Perga, although the asymptotes of the hyperbola were studied by Archimedes
For a hyperbola, the asymptotes are the abscissa and ordinate axes. A curve can approach its asymptote while remaining on one side of it.
Vector
directed segment - ordered pair of points
Hyperbola
(other Greek. ὑπερβολή , from other Greek. βαλειν - "throw", ὑπερ - "over") - locus of points M Euclidean plane, for which the absolute value of the difference in distances from M up to two selected points F 1 and F 2 (called focuses) all the time.
Discriminant
quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 expression b2 4ac = D whose sign is used to judge whether this equation has real roots (D ? 0)Integral
natural analogue of the sum of a sequence. Informally speaking, the (definite) integral is the area of the subgraph of the function, that is, the area of the curvilinear trapezoid.The process of finding an integral is called integration. According to the fundamental theorem of analysis, integration is the inverse operation of differentiation
Irrational numbers
this is real number, which is not rational, that is, which cannot be represented as a fraction, where m- an integer, n - natural numberConstant
a value whose value does not change; in this it is the opposite of a variable.Coordinate
A set of numbers that determine the position of a particular pointCoefficient
numerical multiplier at literal expression, a known multiplier at some degree of the unknown, or constant factor with a variable value.Lemma
a proven statement that is not useful in itself, but for proving other statementsModulus (absolute value)
continuous piecewise linear function defined as follows: 
Vector modulus
length of the corresponding directed segmentOrdinate
(from lat. ordinatus- arranged in order) of point A is the coordinate of this point on the OY axis in a rectangular coordinate systemParabola
second order curve,graph of an equation (of a quadratic function)y = ax 2 + bx + cProportion
(lat. proporio- proportionality, alignment of parts), equality of two relations, i.e. equality of the form a : b = c : d , or, in other notation, the equality(often read as: "a refers to b as well as c refers to d"). If a a : b = c : d, then a and d called extreme, a b and c - averagemembers of the proportion.n - natural number.Theorem
(Greek theorema, from theoreo - I consider), in mathematics - a sentence (statement) established with the help of proof (as opposed to an axiom). A theorem usually consists of a condition and a conclusionFactorial
denoted n!, pronounced en factorial) is the product of all natural numbers up ton inclusive: 
Function
"law" according to which each element of one set (called domain of definition) is associated with some element of another set (called range).
Math dictionary
Mathematical terms
BUT
Abscissa(the Latin word abscissa is "cut off"). Borrowed from French in the early 19th century by Franz. abscisse - from latermin This is one of the Cartesian coordinates of the point, usually the first, denoted by the letter x. In the modern sense, the term was first used by the German scientist Gottfried Leibniz (in 1675).
Autocovariance (random process X(t)). X(t) and X(th)
Additivity(Latin word additivus - "added"). The property of quantities, consisting in the fact that the value of the quantity corresponding to the whole object is equal to the sum of the values of the quantities corresponding to its parts in any division of the object into parts.
Adjunct(Latin word adjunctus - "attached"). This is the same as the algebraic addition.
Axiom(Greek word axios - valuable; axioma - “adoption of position”, “honor”, “respect”, “authority”). In Russian - since Petrovsky times. This is a basic proposition, a self-evident principle. The term is first used by Aristotle. Used in Euclid's Elements. An important role was played by the works of the ancient Greek scientist Archimedes, who formulated the axioms related to the measurement of quantities. Lobachevsky, Pash, Peano contributed to axiomatics. A logically impeccable list of the axioms of geometry was indicated by the German mathematician Hilbert at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.
Axonometry(from the Greek words akon - "axis" and metrio - "I measure"). This is one of the ways to depict spatial figures on a plane.
Algebra(Arabic word "al-jabr". Borrowed in the 17th century from Polish.). This is a part of mathematics that develops in connection with the problem of solving algebraic equations. The term first appears in the work of the outstanding Central Asian mathematician and astronomer of the 11th century, Muhammed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi.
Analysis(Greek word analozis - "decision", "permission"). The term "analytic" goes back to Vieta, who rejected the word "algebra" as barbaric, replacing it with the word "analysis".
Analogy(Greek word analogia - "correspondence", "similarity"). This is a conclusion based on the similarity of particular properties that two mathematical concepts have.
Antilogarithmlatermin word nummerus - "number"). This number, which has a given tabular value of the logarithm, is denoted by the letter N.
Antje(French word entiere - "whole"). This is the same as the integer part of a real number.
Apothem(the Greek word apothema, apo - "from", "from"; thema - "applied", "set").
1. In a regular polygon, an apothem is a segment of a perpendicular dropped from its center to any of its sides, as well as its length.
2. In a regular pyramid, apothem is the height of any of its lateral faces.
3. In a regular truncated pyramid, the apothem is the height of any of its lateral faces.
Applique(Latin word applicata - "applied"). This is one of the Cartesian coordinates of a point in space, usually the third, denoted by the letter Z.
Approximation(Latin word approximo - "approach"). Replacing some mathematical objects with others, in one sense or another close to the original ones.
Function argument(Latin word argumentum - "subject", "sign"). This is an independent variable, the values of which determine the values of the function.
Arithmetic(Greek word arithmos - "number"). This is the science that studies operations on numbers. Arithmetic originated in the countries of the Ancient East, Babylon, China, India, and Egypt. Special contributions were made by: Anaxagoras and Zeno, Euclid, Eratosthenes, Diophantus, Pythagoras, Leonardo of Pisa (Fibonacci) and others.
Arctangent, Arcsinus (the prefix "arc" - the Latin word arcus - "bow", "arc"). Arcsin and arctg appear in 1772 in the works of the Viennese mathematician Schaeffer and the famous French scientist J.L. Lagrange, although D. Bernoulli had already considered them a little earlier, but who used a different symbolism.
Asymmetry(Greek word asymmetria - "disproportion"). This is the absence or violation of symmetry.
Asymptote(Greek word asymptotes - "mismatched"). It is a straight line to which the points of some curve approach indefinitely as these points move away to infinity.
Astroid(Greek word astron - "star"). Algebraic curve.
Associativity(Latin word associatio - "connection"). Associative law of numbers. The term was introduced by William Hamilton (in 1843).
B
Billion(French word billion, or billion - milliard). This is a thousand million, the number represented by a unit with 9 zeros, a term. number 10 9 . In some countries, a billion is a number equal to 1012.
Binom lathermin words bi - "double", nomen - "name". This is the sum or difference of two numbers or algebraic expressions, called terms of the binomial.
Bisector(latermin of the word bis - "twice" and sectrix - "secant"). Borrowed In the XIX century from the French language where bissectrice - goes back to the Latin phrase. This is a straight line passing through the vertex of the angle and dividing it in half.
AT
Vector(Latin word vector - "carrier", "carrier"). This is a directed segment of a straight line, in which one end is called the beginning of the vector, the other end is called the end of the vector. This term was introduced by the Irish scientist W. Hamilton (in 1845).
Vertical angles(latermin of the word verticalis - "apex"). These are pairs of angles with a common vertex, formed by the intersection of two lines so that the sides of one angle are a continuation of the sides of the other.
G
Hexahedron(Greek words geks - "six" and edra - "edge"). This is a hexagon. The term is attributed to the ancient Greek scholar Pappus of Alexandria (3rd century).
Geometry(Greek words geo - "Earth" and metreo - "I measure"). Other Russian Borrowed from Greek. The part of mathematics that studies spatial relationships and shapes. The term appeared in the 5th century BC in Egypt, Babylon.
Hyperbola(Greek word hyperballo - "pass through something"). Borrowed in the 17th century from Latin This is an open curve of two unboundedly extending branches. The term was introduced by the ancient Greek scientist Apollonius of Perm.
Hypotenuse(Greek word gyipotenusa - "stretching"). Borrowed from Latin in the 17th century, in which hypotenusa is from the Greek. the side of a right triangle that is opposite the right angle. The ancient Greek scholar Euclid (3rd century BC) wrote instead of this term, "the side that contracts the right angle."
Hypocycloid(Greek word gipo - "under", "below"). A curve that is described by a point on a circle.
Goniometry(Latin word gonio - "angle"). This is the doctrine of "trigonometric" functions. However, this name did not stick.
Homothety(Greek word homos - "equal", "same", thetos - "located"). This is an arrangement of figures similar to each other, in which the lines connecting the points of the figures corresponding to each other intersect at the same point, called the center of the homothety.
Degree(Latin word gradus - "step", "step"). A unit of measure for a flat angle, equal to 1/90 of a right angle. Measurement of angles in degrees appeared more than 3 years ago in Babylon. Designations reminiscent of modern ones were used by the ancient Greek scholar Ptolemy.
Schedule(Greek word graphikos - "inscribed"). This is a graph of a function - a curve on a plane, depicting the dependence of a function on an argument.
D
Deduction(Latin word deductio - "bringing out"). This is a form of thinking through which a statement is derived purely logically (according to the rules of logic) from some given statements - premises.
Deferents(Latin word defero- “carry”, “move”). This is the circle along which the epicycloids of each planet rotate. According to Ptolemy, the planets revolve in circles - epicycles, and the centers of the epicycles of each planet revolve around the Earth in large circles - deferents.
Diagonal(Greek word dia - "through" and gonium - "angle"). This is a line segment connecting two vertices of a polygon that do not lie on the same side. The term is found in the ancient Greek scholar Euclid (3rd century BC).
Diameter(Greek word diametros - "diameter", "through", "measuring" and the word dia - "between", "through"). The term "division" in Russian is first encountered by Leonty Filippovich Magnitsky.
Headmistress(Latin word directrix - "guide").
discreteness(Latin word discretus - "divided", "discontinuous"). This is discontinuity; opposed to continuity.
Discriminant(Latin word discriminans - “distinguishing”, “separating”). This is an expression composed of quantities defined by a given function, the conversion of which to zero characterizes one or another deviation of the function from the norm.
distributivity(Latin word distributivus - "distributive"). The distributive law relating addition and multiplication of numbers. The term was introduced by the French scientist F. Servois (in 1815).
Differential(Latin word differento- “difference”). This is one of the basic concepts of mathematical analysis. This term is found in the German scientist G. Leibniz in 1675 (published in 1684).
Dichotomy(Greek word dichotomia - "dividing in two"). Classification method.
Dodecahedron(Greek words dodeka - "twelve" and edra - "base"). It is one of the five regular polyhedra. The term is first encountered by the ancient Greek scholar Theaetetus (4th century BC).
Z
Denominator- a number showing the size of the fractions of a unit that make up a fraction. It is first found in the Byzantine scholar Maxim Planud (late 13th century).
And
isomorphism(Greek words isos - "equal" and morfe - "kind", "form"). This is the concept of modern mathematics, which refines the widespread concept of analogy, model. The term was introduced in the middle of the 17th century.
icosahedron(Greek words eicosi - "twenty" and edra - base). One of the five regular polyhedra; has 20 triangular faces, 30 edges and 12 vertices. The term was given by Theaetetus, who discovered it (4th century BC).
Invariance(the later term of the word in is “negation” and varians is “changing”). This is the immutability of some quantity in relation to transformations of the coordinator, and the term was introduced by the English J. Sylvester (in 1851).
Induction(Latin word inductio - "guidance"). One of the methods for proving mathematical statements. This method first appears in Pascal.
Index(the Latin word index is “pointer”. Borrowed from early XVIII in. from Latin). A numeric or alphabetic index given to mathematical expressions to distinguish them from one another.
Integral(the Latin word integro - "restore" or integer - "whole"). Borrowed in the second half of the 18th century. from French based on latermin integralis - "whole", "full". One of the basic concepts of mathematical analysis, which arose in connection with the need to measure areas, volumes, to find functions by their derivatives. Usually these concepts of the integral are associated with Newton and Leibniz. For the first time this word was used in print by the Swiss scientist Jacob Bernoulli (in 1690). The sign ∫ is a stylized letter S from the latermin of the word summa - "sum". First appeared in Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.
Interval(Latin word intervallum - "gap", "distance"). The set of real numbers satisfying the inequality a< x irrational number(the term is the word irrationalis - "unreasonable"). A number that is not rational. The term was introduced by the German scientist Michael Stiefel (in 1544). A rigorous theory of irrational numbers was built in the second half of the 19th century. Iteration(the aterm is the word iteratio - "repetition"). The result of repeated application of some mathematical operation. Calculator- the German word kalkulator goes back to the latermin word calculator - “to count”. Borrowed at the end of the 18th century. from German. lang. Portable computing device. Canonical decomposition- the Greek word canon - "rule", "norm". Tangent- the Latin word tangens - "touching". Semantic tracing paper of the late 18th century. leg- the Latin word katetos - "plumb". The side of a right triangle adjacent to a right angle. The term is first encountered in the form "catetus" in Magnitsky's "Arithmetic" of 1703, but already in the second decade of the 18th century, the modern form becomes widespread. Square- the Latin word quadratus - "four-cornered" (from guattuor - "four"). A rectangle with all sides equal, or, equivalently, a rhombus with all angles equal. Quaternions- the Latin word quaterni - "four". A system of numbers that arose when trying to find a generalization of complex numbers. The term was proposed by the English Hamilton (in 1843). Quintillion- French quintillion. A number represented by a one followed by 18 zeros. Borrowed at the end of the 19th century. covariance(correlation moment, covariance moment) - in probability theory and mathematical statistics, a measure of the linear dependence of two random variables. wikipedia. ENG: Covariance Collinearity- the Latin word con, com - "together" and linea - "line". Location on one line (straight). The term was introduced by American. scientist J. Gibbs; however, this concept was encountered earlier by W. Hamilton (in 1843). Combinatorics- the Latin word combinare - "to connect." A branch of mathematics that studies the various connections and placements involved in counting combinations of elements of a given finite set. coplanarity- the later words con, com - "together" and planum - "plane". Location in one plane. The term is first encountered by J. Bernoulli; however, this concept was encountered earlier by W. Hamilton (in 1843). commutativity- the late Latin word commutativus - "changing". The property of addition and multiplication of numbers, expressed by the identities: ab=ba , ab=ba. Congruence- the Latin word congruens - "proportional". A term used to denote the equality of segments, angles, triangles, etc. Constant- the Latin word constans - "constant", "unchanging". A constant value when considering mathematical and other processes. Cone- the Greek word konos - "pin", "bump", "top of the helmet." A body bounded by one cavity of a conical surface and a plane that intersects this cavity and is perpendicular to its axis. The term received its modern meaning from Aristarchus, Euclid, Archimedes. Configuration- the Latin word co - "together" and figura - "view". The location of the figures. Conchoid- the Greek word conchoides - "like a mussel shell." Algebraic curve. Introduced by Nicomedes from Alexandria (2nd century BC). Coordinates- the Latin word co - "together" and ordinates - "certain". Numbers taken in a certain order that determine the position of a point on a line, plane, space. The term was introduced by G. Leibniz (in 1692). Cosecant- Latin word cosecans. One of the trigonometric functions. Cosine- the Latin word complementi sinus, complementus - "addition", sinus - "depression". Borrowed at the end of the 18th century. from learned Latin. One of the trigonometric functions, denoted by cos. Introduced by Leonhard Euler in 1748. Cotangent- the Latin word complementi tangens: complementus - "addition" or from the latermin of the word cotangere - "to touch". In the second half of the XVIII century. from scientific Latin. One of the trigonometric functions, denoted ctg. Coefficient- the Latin word co - "together" and efficiens - "producing". A multiplier, usually expressed in numbers. The term was introduced by Vietermin Cube - the Greek word kubos is "dice". Borrowed at the end of the 18th century. from learned Latin. One of the regular polyhedra; has 6 square faces, 12 edges, 8 vertices. The name was introduced by the Pythagoreans, then found in Euclid (3rd century BC). Lemma- the Greek word lemma - "assumption". This is an auxiliary sentence used in the proofs of other assertions. The term was introduced by ancient Greek geometers; especially common in Archimedes. Lemniscate- the Greek word lemniscatus - "decorated with ribbons." Algebraic curve. Invented by Bernoulli. Line- the Latin word linea - “flax”, “thread”, “cord”, “rope”. One of the main geometric images. The representation of it can be a thread or an image described by the movement of a point in a plane or space. Logarithm- the Greek word logos - "relationship" and arithmos - "number". Borrowed in the 17th century from French, where logarithme is English. logarithmus - formed by adding the Greek. words. The exponent m to which it is necessary to raise a to obtain N. The term was proposed by J. Napier. Maximum- the Latin word maximum - "greatest". Borrowed in the second half of the 19th century from Latin The greatest value of a function on the set of definitions of a function. Mantissa- the Latin word mantissa - "increase". This is the fractional part of the decimal logarithm. The term was proposed by the Russian mathematician Leonhard Euler (in 1748). Scale- German. the word mas is "measure" and stab is a stick. This is the ratio of the length of the line in the drawing to the length of the corresponding line in kind. Maths- the Greek word matematike from the Greek words matema - "knowledge", "science". Borrowed at the beginning of the 18th century. from Latin, where mathematica is the Greek Science of quantitative relations and spatial forms of the real world. Matrix- the Latin word matrix - "womb", "source", "beginning". This is a rectangular table formed from some set and consisting of rows and columns. For the first time, the term appeared with William Hamilton and scientists A. Cayley and J. Sylvester in the middle. XIX century. The modern designation is two verticals. dashes - introduced by A. Cayley (in 1841). Median(treug-ka) - the Latin word medianus - "middle". This is a line segment that connects the vertex of the triangle with the midpoint of the opposite side. Meter- the French word metre - "a stick for measuring" or the Greek word metron - "measure". Borrowed in the 17th century from French, where metre is Greek. This is the basic unit of length. She was born 2 centuries ago. The meter was "born" by the French Revolution in 1791. Metrics- Greek word metrice< metron - «мера», «размер». Это правило определения расстояния между любыми двумя точками
данного пространства.
Million- the Italian word millione - "a thousand". Borrowed in the Petrine era from French, where million is an Italian number written with six zeros. The term was coined by Marco Polo. Billion- French word mille - "thousand". Borrowed in the 19th century from French, where milliard is suf. Derived from mille - "thousand". Minimum- Latin word minimum - "smallest". The smallest value of a function on the function definition set. Minus- Latin word minus - "less". This is a mathematical symbol in the form of a horizontal bar, used to indicate negative numbers and the operation of subtraction. Introduced into science by Widmann in 1489. Minute- the Latin word minutus - "small", "reduced". Borrowed at the beginning of the 18th century. from French, where minute is latermin This is a unit of planar angles equal to 1/60 of a degree. Module- the Latin word modulus - "measure", "value". This is the absolute value of a real number. The term was introduced by Roger Coates, a student of Isaac Newton. The module sign was introduced in the 19th century by Karl Weierstrass. Multiplicativity- the Latin word multiplicatio - "multiplication". This is a property of the Euler function. Norm- the Latin word norma - "rule", "sample". Generalization of the concept of the absolute value of a number. The sign of the "norm" was introduced by the German scientist Erhard Schmidt (in 1908). Zero- the Latin word nullum - "nothing", "no". Originally, the term meant the absence of a number. The designation zero appeared around the middle of the first millennium BC. Numbering- the Latin word numero - "I think." This is a numeration or a set of methods for naming and designating numbers. Oval- the Latin word ovaum - “egg”. Borrowed in the 17th century from French, where ovale is latermin. This is a closed convex flat figure. Circle the Greek word periferia - "periphery", "circumference". This is the set of points on a plane that are at a given distance from a given point that lies in the same plane and is called its center. Octahedron- the Greek words okto - "eight" and edra - "base". It is one of the five regular polyhedra; has 8 triangular faces, 12 edges and 6 vertices. This term was given by the ancient Greek scientist Theaetetus (4th century BC), who first built the octahedron. Ordinate- the Latin word ordinatum - "in order." One of the Cartesian coordinates of the point, usually the second, denoted by the letter y. As one of the Cartesian coordinates of a point, this term was used by the German scientist Gottfried Leibniz (in 1694). Orth- the Greek word ortos - "straight". The same as a unit vector, the length of which is taken equal to one. The term was introduced by the English scientist Oliver Heaviside (in 1892). Orthogonality- the Greek word ortogonios - "rectangular". Generalization of the concept of perpendicularity. It is found in the ancient Greek scientist Euclid (3rd century BC). Parabola- the Greek word parabole is “application”. This is a non-central second-order line, consisting of one infinite branch, symmetrical about the axis. The term was introduced by the ancient Greek scientist Apollonius of Perga, who considered the parabola as one of the conic sections. Parallelepiped- the Greek word parallelos - "parallel" and epipedos - "surface". This is a hexagon, all the faces of which are parallelograms. The term was found among the ancient Greek scientists Euclid and Heron. Parallelogram- Greek words parallelos - "parallel" and gramma - "line", "line". It is a quadrilateral with opposite sides parallel in pairs. The term began to use Euclid. Parallelism- parallelos - "walking next to". Before Euclid, the term was used in the school of Pythagoras. Parameter- the Greek word parametros - "measuring". This is an auxiliary variable included in formulas and expressions. Perimeter- the Greek word peri - "around", "about" and metreo - "I measure". The term is found among the ancient Greek scientists Archimedes (3rd century BC), Heron (in the 1st century BC), Pappus (3rd century). Perpendicular- the Latin word perpendicularis - "sheer". This is a line that intersects a given line (plane) at a right angle. The term was formed in the Middle Ages. Pyramid- the Greek word pyramis, the coterminus comes from the Egyptian word permeous - “side edge of the structure” or from pyros - “wheat”, or from pyra - “fire”. Borrowed from stermin-sl. lang. This is a polyhedron, one of the faces of which is a flat polygon, and the remaining faces are triangles with a common vertex that does not lie in the plane of the base. Square- the Greek word plateia - "wide". The origin is unclear. Some scientists believe Borrowed from stermin-sl. Others interpret it as native Russian. Planimetry- the Latin word planum - "plane" and metreo - "measure". This is a part of elementary geometry, in which the properties of figures lying in a plane are studied. The term is found in ancient Greek. scientist Euclid (4th century BC). A plus- the Latin word plus - "more". This is a sign to indicate the operation of addition, as well as to indicate the positiveness of numbers. The sign was introduced by the Czech (German) scientist Jan (Johann) Widman (in 1489). Polynomial- the Greek word polis - "numerous", "extensive" and the Latin word nomen - "name". This is the same as a polynomial, term. the sum of some number of monomials. Potentiation- the German word potenzieren - "raise to a power." The operation of finding a number from a given logarithm. Limit- the Latin word limes - "border". This is one of the basic concepts of mathematics, meaning that a certain variable value in the process of its change under consideration approaches a certain constant value indefinitely. The term was introduced by Newton, and the currently used symbol lim (the first 3 letters from limes) was introduced by the French scientist Simon Lhuillier (in 1786). The expression lim was first written by the Irish mathematician William Hamilton (in 1853). Prism- the Greek word prisma - "a sawn off piece." This is a polyhedron, two of whose faces are equal n-gons, called the bases of the prism, and the remaining faces are lateral. The term is found already in the 3rd century BC in ancient Greek. scientists Euclid and Archimedes. Example- the Greek word primus - "first". Number problem. The term was invented by Greek mathematicians. Derivative- French derivee. Introduced by Joseph Lagrange in 1797. Projection- the Latin word projectio - "throwing forward." This is a way of depicting a flat or spatial figure. Proportion- the Latin word proportio - "correlation". It is an equality between two ratios of four quantities. Percent- the Latin word pro centum - "from a hundred." The idea of interest originated in Babylon. Postulate- Latin word postulatum - "requirement". A sometimes used name for the axioms of mathematical theory Radian- the Latin word radius - "spoke", "beam". This is the unit of measure for angles. The first edition containing this term appeared in 1873 in England. Radical- the Latin word radix - "root", radicalis - "root". The modern sign √ first appeared in René Descartes' Geometry, published in 1637. This sign consists of two parts: a modified letter r and a dash that replaced the brackets earlier. The Indians called it "mula", the Arabs - "jizr", the Europeans - "radix". Radius- the Latin word radius - "the spoke in the wheel." Borrowed in the Petrine era from Latin This is a segment connecting the center of the circle with any of its points, as well as the length of this segment. In ancient times, the term was not, it is found for the first time in 1569 by the French scientist Pierre Ramet, then by François Vieta and becomes generally accepted at the end of the 17th century. Recurrent- the Latin word recurrere - "to return back." This is a return movement in mathematics. Rhombus- the Greek word rombos - "tambourine". It is a quadrilateral with all sides equal. The term is used by the ancient Greek scientists Heron (in the 1st century BC), Pappus (2nd half of the 3rd century). Rolls- French roulette - “wheel”, “compare”, “roulette”, “steering wheel”. These are curves. The term was coined by the French. mathematicians who studied the properties of curves. Segment- the Latin word segmentum - "segment", "strip". This is the part of the circle bounded by the arc of the boundary circle and the chord connecting the ends of this arc. Secant- the Latin word secans - "secant". This is one of the trigonometric functions. Denoted sec. Sextillion- French sextillion. The number displayed with 21 zeros, term. number 1021. Sector- the Latin word seco - "I cut." This is the part of the circle bounded by the arc of its boundary circle and its two radii connecting the ends of the arc with the center of the circle. Second- the Latin word secunda - "second". This is a unit of planar angles, equal to 1/3600 of a degree or 1/60 of a minute. Signum- the Latin word signum - "sign". This is a function of a real argument. Symmetry- the Greek word simmetria - "proportion". The property of the shape or arrangement of figures is symmetrical. Sinus- latermin sinus - "bend", "curvature", "sinus". This is one of the trigonometric functions. In the 4th-5th centuries. called "ardhajiva" (ardha - half, jiva - bowstring). Arab mathematicians in the 9th century. the word "jib" is a bulge. When translating Arabic mathematical texts in the 12th century. The term has been replaced by "sine". The modern designation sin was introduced by the Russian scientist Euler (in 1748). Scalar- the Latin word scalaris - "stepped". This is a quantity, each value of which is expressed by a single number. This term was introduced by the Irish scientist W. Hamilton (in 1843). Spiral- the Greek word speria - "coil". This is a flat curve that usually goes around one (or more) points, approaching or moving away from it. Stereometry- the Greek words stereos - "volumetric" and metreo - "measure". This is a part of elementary geometry in which spatial figures are studied. Sum- the Latin word summa - "total", "total". Addition result. Sign? (Greek letter "sigma") was introduced by the Russian scientist Leonhard Euler (in 1755). Sphere- the Greek word sfaira - "ball", "ball". This is a closed surface obtained by rotating a semicircle around a straight line containing its subtracting diameter. The term is found among the ancient Greek scientists Plato, Aristotle. Tangent- the Latin word tanger - "to touch." One of the trigonometer. functions. The term was introduced in the 10th century by the Arab mathematician Abu-l-Vafa, who also compiled the first tables for finding tangents and cotangents. The designation tg was introduced by the Russian scientist Leonard Euler. Theorem- the Greek word tereo - "I explore." This is a mathematical statement, the truth of which is established by proof. The term is used by Archimedes. Tetrahedron- Greek words tetra - "four" and edra - "base". One of the five regular polyhedra; has 4 triangular faces, 6 edges and 4 vertices. Apparently, the term was first used by the ancient Greek scientist Euclid (3rd century BC). Topology- the Greek word topos - "place". A branch of geometry that studies the properties of geometric shapes related to their relative position. This is how Euler, Gauss, Riemann believed that Leibniz's term refers specifically to this branch of geometry. In the second half of the last century in a new area of mathematics, it was called topology. Dot- Russian the word "poke" as if the result of an instant touch, prick. N.I. Lobachevsky, however, believed that the term comes from the verb “to sharpen” - as a result of touching the point of a sharpened pen. One of the basic concepts of geometry. tractor- the Latin word tractus - "stretched out." Flat transcendental curve. Transposition- the Latin word transpositio - "permutation". In combinatorics, a permutation of the elements of a given set, in which 2 elements are swapped. Protractor- the Latin word transortare - "to transfer", "to shift". A device for constructing and measuring angles in a drawing. Transcendental- the Latin word transcendens - “going beyond”, “passing”. It was first used by the German scientist Gottfried Leibniz (in 1686). Trapeze- the Greek word trapezion - "table". Borrowed in the 17th century from Latin, where trapezion is Greek. It is a quadrilateral with two opposite sides parallel. The term is found for the first time by the ancient Greek scholar Posidonius (2nd century BC). Triangulated- the Latin word triangulum - "triangle". Trigonometry- the Greek words trigonon - "triangle" and metreo - "measure". Borrowed in the 17th century from learned Latin. A branch of geometry that studies trigonometric functions and their applications to geometry. The term is first found in the title of a book by the German scientist B. Titiska (in 1595). Trillion- French word trillion. Borrowed in the 17th century from French Number with 12 zeros, term. 1012. trisection- the corner of the later word tri - "three" and section - "cutting", "dissection". The problem of dividing an angle into three equal parts. trochoid- the Greek word trochoeides - "wheel-shaped", "round". Flat transcendental curve.To
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