Power Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP- the largest in Russia. It is also the sixth in the world. The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located in Khakassia, on the Yenisei River, not far from Sayanogorsk.

The composition of the station facilities

The main object of the station is the arch-gravity dam made of concrete, which has a height of 245 meters and a length of 1066 meters. The width of the dam at the base is 110 meters, and along the crest 25 meters. The dam can be divided into four parts. The left-bank and right-bank blind parts are 246 m and 298 m long, respectively, the spillway part is 190 m long, and the station part is 332 m.

The dam building of the hydroelectric power station is adjacent to the dam.

Tourism

The station itself and its engine room are interesting as tourist sites. The power plant also has its own museum. Since the object is secure, it can only be visited through regional tour operators.

The area where the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP is located (map below) is a place that has become popular with tourists. Previously, there was even a special viewpoint from which you can best view the station. Now in this place, next to the dam, a memorial dedicated to the builders of the hydroelectric power station has been erected. On the banks of the Yenisei rises the five-domed peak Borus, which is considered a national shrine by the Khakass, as is the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station. The map of Khakassia allows you to better know where these places are.

The observation deck on the left bank allows you to see a white rock two hundred meters high. It represents part of the Kibik-Kordon marble deposit, which occupies several kilometers of the Yenisei bank. One of the parts of the road leading from Sayanogorsk to Cheryomushki lies directly along the marble deposit. It was difficult to lay it geological conditions and rocky spurs, making it one of the most costly to build in the world.

Construction

The final decision to start construction of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was made in 1962. Construction began in 1968. In 1975, during the construction of the hydroelectric power station, the Yenisei riverbed was blocked, and already in 1978, with the launch of the first hydroelectric unit, the station gave the first current. From 1979 to 1985, another nine hydroelectric units were put into operation sequentially. In 1988, the construction of the station was basically completed. In 2005, work began on the construction of a coastal spillway, which should increase the reliability of the station. In 2011, the spillway was put into operation.

Exploitation

In 2006, serious miscalculations were discovered in the engine room and the station spillway. In 2007, a scheduled inspection revealed significant wear of booms, which were 20 years old. Not very successful, prone to increased cracking, was the design of the hydroelectric units with which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was equipped. Photos published after the accident made it possible to judge the extent of their destruction.

Was developed big program modernization and technical re-equipment of the station, the implementation of which has begun, but the accident at the power plant has made its own adjustments to the plans of the builders.

Accident

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, the accident at which occurred on August 17, 2009, caused great damage.

In the morning in August 2009, an accident occurred at the hydroelectric power station. The destruction of the second hydraulic unit occurred, and the turbine room was flooded large quantity water. The 7th and 9th hydraulic units were badly damaged, the third, fourth and fifth hydraulic units were blocked by debris. This led to the destruction of the turbine hall from which the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was controlled. The accident resulted in the death of 75 people.

The tragedy was thoroughly investigated. The act of investigation was published in October 2009.

Recovery

New hydraulic units to replace the damaged ones were ordered from Power Machines. Already in 2010, units No. 6, No. 5, No. 4 and No. 3 were in operation, which made it possible to increase the power of the station to 2560 MW - 40% of the nominal one. At the same time, work was underway to dismantle unit No. 2 and build a coastal spillway, which ended in successful hydraulic tests. The station generated 10 billion kWh of electricity.

Thus, the first stage of reconstruction was completed, as a result of which four hydroelectric units of the station, which suffered the least, were put into operation.

In 2011, the second stage of reconstruction started. The construction of the second stage of the spillway was completed, and by the end of the year the entire spillway complex was put into operation.

In addition, a new hydraulic unit (No. 1) was put into operation.

Electricity generation in 2011 amounted to more than 18 billion kWh.
In 2012, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 7, No. 8, No. 9, after which the capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP amounted to 3840 MW.

In 2013, three new hydroelectric units were launched: No. 10, No. 6, No. 5, which made it possible to increase the station's capacity to 4,480 MW.

In 2013, the station produced more than 24 billion kWh.

In 2014, the third stage of the reconstruction of the station started. As part of its implementation in 2014, hydroelectric unit No. 4 gave current.

The Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP underwent a complete re-equipment with new hydraulic units from OJSC Power Machines, which have the best parameters and meet stringent safety and reliability requirements. The capacity of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP became equal to the nominal one - 6400 MW. The maximum efficiency of the new hydraulic turbines reached 96.6%, and the maximum service life of the machines was increased to 40 years. Now the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, whose photos immediately after the accident and today are strikingly different, is operating at full capacity.

One of the largest and most powerful hydroelectric power plants in Russia is Sayano-Shushenskaya. The location of this station is in Khakassia, not far from Sayanogorskaya, near the Yenisei River.

Components of the structure of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

The main building at the station is a dam made of concrete in the form of a gravity arch, its height is 245 meters and its length is 1066 meters. The platform of the dam reaches as much as 110 m in width, and the crest is less large, about 25 m.

This barrier can be divided into equal quarters, where the left side of the coast is 246 m long, and right part along the coast - 298m, and the spillway area is 190 meters in length, and the immovable part - 332 meters. It is here that the construction of a hydroelectric power station directly adjoins a rather large dam.

Initial data on HPP

Before the accident, which happened in 2009, the station produced only one sixth of the hundred percent of the electrical power generated by the entire hydroelectric power station. Russian Federation and 2% of the total amount of electrification generated in Russia.

The Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power plant generates 6,400 MW of its capacity. According to statistical data, the station produces 24.5 billion kWh per year on average. The hydroelectric power plant reached its peak generation in 2006, taking into account the increase in water levels in the summer months, 26.8 billion kWh was produced.

The hydroelectric boom is the tallest in the world. Station reliability reaches up to 60% under its own weight and up to 40% from use upper parts arches, which contributes to the transfer of congestion to the rocky surface of the coast. After all, it was for this purpose that during the construction of the barrier, it was cut along the left bank zone of the foot of the cliff, thanks to this modern design, this made it possible to reduce the addition of concrete for construction by 20%.

In the station building itself there are ten hydroelectric units, each with a capacity of 640 MW. Dam on Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station is an inimitable structure, something similar on the territory of the Russian Federation is found at the Gergebil hydroelectric power station, but in terms of its power it is inferior because its location falls on the Karakoisu River.

On the this moment the culvert capacity of platinum reaches 13,600 m3/sec.

The Sayano-Shushensky complex also includes the Mainskaya HPP, functional purpose which the counter-regulator of the station and in terms of power is 321 MW.

Chronology of the construction of the hydroelectric power plant:

• 1962 - decision to build
• 1968 - start of construction work
• 1975 - blocking the riverbed at construction work stations
• 1978 - the first launch of a water facility and the receipt of the first ever current
• 1979 - 1985 - connection and start-up without a dozen hydraulic cylinders
• 1988 - completion of the most significant cycle of construction of the station's structures
• 2005 - the beginning of the construction plans for the release of water along the coast, for a more robust and reliable functionality of the entire system.
• 2011 - start of operation of the spillway

In the course of operational operations in the sixth year of the beginning of the second millennium, significant defects were found in the functionality of the machine complex itself. Approximately one year later, a routine scheduled inspection of the system revealed abrasive aging of the booms, which at that time were already 20 years old. The mechanism of hydraulic units itself also showed the presence of cracks. This was especially noticeable in the photos taken some time after the tragedy.

At the end of the summer of 2009 (17.08) an accident occurred at the station.

The cause of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP the quality of work of the second hydraulic unit became inappropriate, due to which the entire turbine hall was flooded. As a result, the seventh and ninth hydraulic units failed due to severe damage. After that, their fragments destroyed the hydroelectric units from the third to the fifth, and all this destroyed the machine-building hall from which the hydroelectric power station was controlled. Due to man-made disaster 75 people died.

main reason accidents call the equipment of the station, the dam itself does not raise doubts about its reliability. The equipment is made of high-quality material, but its maintenance after the end of the warranty is questionable.

Upon careful investigation accidents at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP the investigative committee concluded that the accident was caused by an oil transformer explosion.

The damage caused after the disaster for the environment and the economy is irreparable.

After all, given that in 2001 the cost of electricity at the Sayano-Shushenskaya TPP reaches 1.63 kopecks. per kWh. This station made it possible to stabilize fluctuations, interruptions in the amount of electricity produced throughout Russia.

The main consumer of electricity from this enterprise a long period there was an aluminum plant, it was brought into operation directly to power this hydroelectric power station (2006).

Economic losses after the consequences of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, RusHydro suffered the most. The size of her loss reached one and a half million rubles a month. RusHydro lost 7% of its capital investments just an hour after the accident at the station, and after the action they stopped selling altogether. Several billion rubles will be needed to restore the consequences of the hydroelectric power station.

Environmental consequences of the hydroelectric power plant accident:

1. destruction of biological reserves
2. decrease in fish-breeding quality
3. low ability to self-purification
4. reducing the aesthetic advantage of the area

There is information that after the accident, up to 40 tons of transformer oil got into the Yenisei, which destroyed about 400 tons of trout.

Station reconstruction

The beginning of restoration work after the disaster fell on the tenth year of the second millennium. Structures were repaired, installations from 3 to 6. By the end of the year, the station delivered 10 billion kWh of electricity. Then four more hydraulic units were connected, which suffered the least during the accident.

In 2011, the second stage of restoration began, as a result of which the spillway was fully launched. During this year, 18 billion kWh was generated.

And now 2012 was marked by the launch of the seventh, eighth and ninth hydroelectric units, which increased the station's capacity to 3840 MW.

During 2013, the employees were able to implement the launch of additional water units numbered ten, six and five, which allowed the plant to increase energy up to 4480 MW. Already in 2013, the HPP produced 24 billion kWh.

The third phase of the restoration took place in 2014 and launched water unit number four.

For the entire period of reconstruction after the disaster, a complete re-equipment was carried out new technology from the manufacturer Power Machines. It was possible to extend the life of the machines up to forty years. At the moment, the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station is fully operational and working to the fullest.

Accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

On August 17, 2009, an accident occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP - the largest emergency in the history of domestic hydropower, which caused the death of 75 people.

The Sayano-Shushensky hydropower complex is located on the Yenisei River in the southeast of the Republic of Khakassia in the Sayan Canyon at the river's outlet into the Minusinsk Basin. The complex includes the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, as well as the counter-regulating Mainsky hydroelectric complex located downstream and a coastal spillway.

Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station named after P.S. Neporozhny (SSHGES) is a branch of the Russian energy holding RusHydro.

The HPP building houses 10 radial-axial hydraulic units with a capacity of 640 megawatts each.

Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP before the accident on August 17, 2009 was the most powerful source of peak load coverage in the Unified Energy System of Russia and Siberia. The main consumers of electricity from the SSHHPP were the Sayanogorsk aluminum plant, the Khakass aluminum plant, the Krasnoyarsk aluminum plant, the Novokuznetsk aluminum plant, and the Kuznetsk ferroalloy plant.

On August 17, 2009 at 08.15 (04.15 Moscow time) due to the destruction of fasteners at the Sayano-Shushenskaya hydroelectric power station, an accident occurred, the cover of the second hydraulic unit was torn off by a stream of water, water gushed into the engine room. Repair shops were flooded, in which there were people. The accident killed 75 people.

At the time of the accident, nine hydroelectric units of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP were in operation (hydraulic unit No. 6 was in reserve). The total active power of the operating units was 4400 megawatts. The release of water from the crater of the turbine of the second hydraulic unit led to a partial collapse of building structures in the area from the first to the fifth hydroelectric units; the supporting columns of the building were damaged and in some places destroyed, as well as the equipment of the regulation and control systems of hydroelectric units; got mechanical damage varying degrees five phase power transformers; the building structures of the transformer site in the area of ​​the first and second blocks were damaged.

All ten units of the SSHHPP were damaged or completely destroyed, more than 40 tons of engine oil spilled into the waters of the Yenisei.

As a result of the accident, the production levels below the turbine hall were flooded. A short circuit in the generator control systems led to a complete shutdown of the hydroelectric power plant, including for its own needs.

The territory adjacent to the power plant was also under water. However, the flooding of settlements still managed to be avoided. The accident did not affect the state of the SSHHPP dam.

The first minutes of operation of the SSHHPP spillway with a flow rate of 108 km/h

At 09.20 (05.20 Moscow time), the emergency repair gates of the hydraulic units were closed by the station personnel and contractors and the flow of water into the turbine hall was stopped.

Search and rescue operations began in the destroyed and flooded premises of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. In the machine room where the technological accident occurred, emergency recovery work was started. 115 people were involved, of which 98 people -- personnel EMERCOM of Russia for Khakassia (firefighters, rescuers, task forces) and 21 pieces of equipment.

The oil slick, formed as a result of a transformer oil leak, spread from the hydroelectric dam downstream of the Yenisei for five kilometers.

At 11.40 (06.40 Moscow time) the gates of the spillway dam were opened and the balance of flow through the hydroelectric complex was restored. Prior to the opening of the gates of the spillway dam, the regulation of the sanitary release along the Yenisei River was carried out by the Mainskaya HPP.

Due to the accident at the SSHHPP, a power shortage has formed in the energy system of Siberia. Power engineers were forced to limit the supply of electricity to a number of Kuzbass enterprises. In particular, temporary restrictions affected the largest metallurgical plants owned by Evraz Group, ? Novokuznetsk Iron and Steel Works (NKMK) and West Siberian Iron and Steel Works (ZapSib), a number of coal mines and cuts.

The shutdown of the Sayan and Khakas aluminum smelters was carried out, the load on the Krasnoyarsk aluminum smelter, the Kemerovo ferroalloy plant was reduced (load reduction by 150 megawatts), the load on the Novokuznetsk aluminum smelter was reduced.

At 13.39 Moscow time, the media reported on the localization of an oil slick on the Yenisei.

At 14.00 Moscow time, an Il 76 transport aircraft of the Russian Emergencies Ministry took off from the Ramenskoye airfield near Moscow, carrying 20 rescuers from the CENTROSPAS detachment, as well as special equipment and a task force of four people. Following them, six divers of the detachment were sent to eliminate the consequences of the accident.

At 21.10 Moscow time, during a conference call in the crisis center of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation, it was reported that there were 10 dead, 11 wounded, the fate of 72 people is being specified. Debris has been sorted out, and the power supply scheme is being restored.

Less than a day after the accident, a massive sea trout began in two fish farms located downstream of the Yenisei from the hydroelectric power station in the village of Maina, due to the ingress of machine oil from destroyed hydroelectric units into the Yenisei. About 400 tons of commercial trout perished. In the Yenisei, the fish migrated away from the spot, so they did not die, and in the trout farms they were in pontoons, they did not have the opportunity to leave.

On August 18, power supply was fully restored in Khakassia. Additional capacities came from the Abakanskaya CHPP, as well as from the evening of August 18, an EMERCOM of the Russian Federation Il? liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.

The chairman of the government of Khakassia declared August 19 a day of mourning in the republic in connection with tragic events that occurred at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. At that time, 12 people were found dead, 15 were injured.

Over the night of August 18-19, rescuers with the help of special equipment removed six tons of fuel oil from the engine room, began processing reagents using a helicopter at the mouth of the Abakan River. Debris removal continued in the engine room, from which about 4,000 cubic meters of metal structures were removed from an area of ​​about 280 square meters. The collapse area was approximately 400 square meters.

On August 19, three helicopters of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation began to clean up the water area of ​​the Yenisei from engine oil that had entered the river.

On the morning of August 20, at an operational meeting to eliminate the consequences of the accident at the SShHPP, the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of the Russian Federation announced that the specialists of the Ministry of Emergency Situations had begun pumping water from the engine room.

On August 21, Russian Prime Minister Vladimir Putin flew to the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, where he inspected the site of the accident, held a meeting on eliminating the consequences of the accident and organizing work to ensure sustainable energy supply to consumers in the unified energy system of Siberia.

From August 23, units and teams of professional repairmen, installers and others began to arrive at the station. energy specialties from other regions of Russia.

On August 24, less than a meter of water remained to be pumped out of the turbine hall of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP. The Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia began to gradually curtail work at the station. Restoration work has begun at the HPP.

The RusHydro company submitted to the Ministry of Energy a plan to eliminate the consequences of the accident and restore the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP and declared August 25 a day of mourning in all branches of the company.

On August 24, 69 dead were known, six people were considered missing. On September 23, 2009, the body of the last, 75th, deceased was found at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP.

During the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the plant, the Ministry of Emergency Situations, in cooperation with the Ministry of Energy of Russia, involved up to 2.7 thousand people (including about 2 thousand people directly at the HPP), more than 200 pieces of equipment, including including 11 aircraft and 15 floating craft. More than 5,000 cubic meters of rubble were dismantled, more than 277,000 cubic meters water. 9683 meters of booms were installed, 324.2 tons of oil-containing emulsion were collected.

In order to coordinate the interaction of the organizations involved during the period of emergency rescue operations, in the future, to promptly resolve the issues of restoring the HPP, an operational headquarters of the Ministry of Energy of Russia headed by the Deputy Minister of Energy was created at the station.

The project for the restoration and comprehensive reconstruction of the SSH HPP provides for the complete replacement of all 10 hydroelectric units. According to the plan approved by the Russian Ministry of Energy, the hydroelectric power plant should be fully restored in 2014.

In July 2013, the third hydroelectric unit of the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP was stopped for reconstruction, which is one of the four units least affected in industrial accident 2009. By this time, the remaining nine units had already been reconstructed. The third hydroelectric unit is scheduled to return to operation in the summer of 2014.

The destruction of engineering structures that have a dynamic effect on the earth's thickness does not begin with the destruction (unbalance) of vibrating mechanisms, but with the destruction of the foundation on which they are installed. The destruction of the foundation can occur according to various scenarios. At the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP, a crack appeared in the body of the dam, and then microcracks began to develop. The destruction of the body of the dam led to an increase in the number of rotational speeds of the hydraulic unit, at which vibration occurs.

Thus, we can say that people who work at these facilities should be as safe as possible not only from injuries, moreover, from death. The state should give more attention citizens working on structures of a huge scale and increased danger. People should feel safe and work calmly.

Caused by additional dynamic loads of a variable nature, which was preceded by education and development fatigue damage fasteners, which led to the failure of the cover and the flooding of the machine room of the station.

The accident is currently the largest hydroelectric disaster in history. Russia and one of the most significant in the history of the world hydropower. “The accident is unique,” ​​said, in particular, Minister of the Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency Situations and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters S. K. Shoigu. “Nothing like this has ever been seen in world practice.”

Nevertheless, the assessment of the consequences of the disaster in the expert and political community is ambiguous. Some specialists and organizations, including Sergei Shoigu himself, compared the Sayano-Shushenskaya accident in terms of its significance and impact on the economic and sociological aspects of life in Russia with accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant .

Catastrophe

At the time of the accident, the station was carrying a load of 4100 MW, out of 10 hydroelectric units, 9 were in operation (hydraulic unit No. 6 was under repair). At 8:13 local time August 17 2009 there was a sudden destruction of the hydraulic unit No. 2 with the flow of the hydraulic unit through the shaft under a large pressure significant volumes of water. The power plant personnel, who were in the engine room, heard a loud bang in the area of ​​hydroelectric unit No. 2 and saw the release of a powerful column of water. Oleg Myakishev, an eyewitness to the accident, describes this moment as follows:

... I was standing at the top, I heard some kind of growing noise, then I saw how the corrugated coating of the hydraulic unit was rising, rearing up. Then I saw how from under it rises rotor. He was spinning. My eyes didn't believe it. He climbed three meters. Stones flew, pieces of reinforcement, we began to dodge them ... The corrugation was already somewhere under the roof, and the roof itself was blown ... I figured: water was rising, 380 cubic meters per second, and - tear, in the direction of the tenth unit. I thought I wouldn’t make it, I went up higher, stopped, looked down - I see how everything collapses, water comes in, people try to swim ... I thought that closures must be closed urgently, manually, to stop the water ... Manually, because voltage No, none of the defenses worked.

Streams of water quickly flooded the engine room and the rooms below it. All hydraulic units of the HPP were flooded, while on the working hydro generators there were short circuits(their flashes are clearly visible in the amateur video of the disaster), which disabled them. There was a complete load shedding of the hydroelectric power station, which led, among other things, to a de-energization of the station itself. On the central control panel of the station, a light and sound signaling, after which the remote control was de-energized - operational communication was lost, power supply lighting, automation and alarm devices. Automatic systems, stopping the hydraulic units, worked only on the hydraulic unit No. 5, guide apparatus which was automatically closed. The gates on the water intakes of other hydraulic units remained open, and the water water conduits continued to flow to the turbines, which led to the destruction of hydraulic units No. 7 and 9 (heavily damaged stators and crosses generators). Water flows and flying fragments of hydraulic units completely destroyed the walls and ceilings of the turbine hall in the area of ​​hydraulic aggregates No. 2, 3, 4. Hydro units No. 3, 4 and 5 were littered with fragments of the turbine hall. Those employees of the station who had such an opportunity quickly left the scene of the accident.

At the time of the accident, from the station management in their places were Chief Engineer HPP A. N. Mitrofanov, Acting Chief of Staff civil defense and emergency situations M. I. Chiglintsev, head of the equipment monitoring service A. V. Matvienko, head of the reliability and safety service N. V. Churichkov. Chief Engineer after the accident, he arrived at the central control point and gave the order to the station shift supervisor M. G. Nefyodov, who was there, to close the gates. Chiglintsev, Matvienko and Churichkov left the territory of the station after the accident.

Due to the loss of power supply, the gates could only be closed manually, for which the personnel had to enter a special room on the crest of the dam. Around 08:30, eight operational personnel reached the shutter room, after which they contacted the station shift supervisor by cell phone, who instructed the shutters to be lowered. Having broken the iron door, the station workers A. V. Kataytsev, R. Gaifullin, E. V. Kondrattsev, I. M. Bagautdinov, P. A. Mayoroshin and N. N. Tretyakov manually reset the emergency repair gates within an hour water intakes by stopping the flow of water into the engine room. The closure of water conduits led to the need to open gates spillway dam in order to ensure sanitary release in the downstream of the SSHHPP. By 11:32 the food was organized gantry crane dam crest from movable diesel generator, at 11:50 the operation to lift the shutters began. By 13:07, all 11 gates of the spillway dam were open, and empty water flow began.

Rescue work

Search and rescue, repair and restoration work at the station began almost immediately after the accident by the station personnel and employees Siberian regional center Ministry of Emergency Situations. On the same day, the head of the Ministry of Emergency Situations flew to the accident area Sergei Shoigu, who led the work to eliminate the consequences of the accident, the transfer of additional forces of the Ministry of Emergency Situations and employees of various divisions of JSC RusHydro began. Already on the day of the accident, diving work began to inspect the flooded premises of the station in order to search for survivors, as well as the bodies of the dead. On the first day after the accident, they managed to save two people who were in "air bags" and gave signals for help - one 2 hours after the accident, the other 15 hours later. However, as early as August 18, the likelihood of finding other survivors was assessed as negligible. On August 20, pumping out of water from the premises of the engine room began; by this time, 17 bodies of the dead had been found, 58 people were listed as missing. As the internal premises of the station were freed from water, the number of found bodies of the dead grew rapidly, reaching 69 people by August 23, when work on pumping water entered the final stage. On August 23, the Ministry of Emergency Situations began to complete its work at the station, and work at the hydroelectric power station began to gradually move from the phase of a search and rescue operation to the phase of restoration of structures and equipment. On August 28, the regime was abolished in Khakassia emergency introduced in connection with the accident. In total, up to 2,700 people were involved in search and rescue operations (of which about 2,000 people worked directly at the HPP) and more than 200 pieces of equipment. During the work, more than 5,000 m³ of debris was dismantled and removed, more than 277,000 m³ of water was pumped out of the station premises. To eliminate oil pollution water areas Yenisei was installed 9683 meters booms and collected 324.2 tons oily emulsions .

Development of the accident

Hydroelectric unit No. 2 was put into operation from the reserve at 23:14 local time (19:14 Moscow time) on August 16, 2009 and assigned by the plant personnel as a priority for changing the load when the power control ranges are exhausted. The change in the power of the hydraulic unit was carried out automatically under the influence of the GRARM regulator in accordance with the commands of the ARCM. At that moment, the station was operating according to the planned dispatch schedule. At 20:20 Moscow time, a fire was recorded in one of the premises Bratsk HPP, as a result of which the communication lines between the Bratsk HPP and the dispatching department of the Siberian energy system were damaged (a number of media hastened to declare these events the “trigger” of the disaster, which forced the launch of the ill-fated hydroelectric unit No. work).

Bratsk HPP

Since the Bratskaya HPP, which operated under the control of the ARCM, "fell" out of control of the system, the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP took over its role, and at 20:31 Moscow time the dispatcher gave the command to transfer the GRARM station to the automatic control mode from the ARCM. In total, 6 hydraulic units (No. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 9) worked under the control of GRARM, three more hydro units (No. 3, 8 and 10) worked under the individual control of the personnel, hydro unit No. 6 was under repair.

From 08:12 there was a decrease in the capacity of hydroelectric unit No. 2 at the direction of GRARM. When the hydraulic unit entered the zone not recommended for operation, a break occurred studs turbine covers. The destruction of a significant part of the 80 studs was due to fatigue phenomena; on six studs (out of 41 examined) were absent at the time of the accident nuts- probably due to self-unwinding as a result of vibration (their locking was not provided for by the design of the turbine). Under the influence of water pressure in the hydraulic unit, the rotor of the hydraulic unit with the turbine cover and the upper cross began to move upward, and, due to depressurization, water began to fill the volume of the turbine shaft, acting on the elements of the generator. When the impeller rim reached the level of 314.6 m, the impeller moved into pumping mode and due to the stored energy of the generator rotor created excess pressure on the input edges of the impeller blades, which led to the breakage of the guide vane blades.

Through the vacated shaft of the hydraulic unit, water began to flow into the machine room of the station. The automatic control systems of the hydraulic units, which stop them in case of emergency, could only function if there was power supply, but in the conditions of flooding of the turbine hall and a massive short circuit of the electrical equipment, the power supply to the station itself was lost very quickly, and the automation managed to stop only one hydraulic unit - No. 5. Water inflow to the station turbine hall continued until the station personnel manually closed the emergency gates from the crest of the dam, which was completed by 9.30.

According to the head of Rostekhnadzor N. G. Kutina , similar accident associated with the destruction of the fastenings of the cover of the hydraulic unit (but without human casualties) has already happened in 1983 on the Nurek HPP in Tajikistan, but Ministry of Energy of the USSR decided to classify information about that incident.

Effects

Social Consequences

At the time of the accident, there were 116 people in the engine room of the station, including one person on the roof of the hall, 52 people on the floor of the hall (327 m mark) and 63 people in indoor areas below the floor level of the hall (at elevations of 315 and 320 m). Of these, 15 people were employees of the station, the rest were employees of various contracting organizations that carried out repair work ( most of of them are employees of OAO Sayano-Shushensky Hydroenergoremont). In total, there were about 300 people on the territory of the station (including outside the zone affected by the accident). As a result of the accident, 75 people died and 13 people were injured. The body of the last deceased was found 23 September. with an indication of the places where the bodies were found was published in the act of the technical investigation of the commission of Rostekhnadzor. A large number of The death toll is explained by the presence of most people in the internal premises of the station below the floor level of the turbine hall and the rapid flooding of these premises.

From the first day of the accident, estimates of the chances of survival of people who could be inside the water-flooded turbine hall were disappointing. In particular, board member RusHydro company, former CEO HPP Alexander Toloshinov stated:

Lack of official information about the accident and the state of the dam during the first hours, interruptions in communication, and, later, distrust of statements local authorities, based on experience, caused panic in the downstream settlements — Cheryomushki , Sayanogorsk , Abakan , Minusinsk .

Sayanogorsk

Residents hurriedly left to stay with relatives, away from the dam, and to nearby hills, which led to numerous queues for petrol stations, traffic jams and car accidents. According to Sergei Shoigu ,

In this regard, the Khakass administration Federal Antimonopoly Service conducted an inspection of gasoline prices, which did not reveal an increase.

August 19 2009 Chief Editor Internet magazine "New Focus" Mikhail Afanasiev posted in his blog a message that there are allegedly living people in the flooded engine room of the station, with a proposal of possible measures to save them. This message, which caused a great resonance, served as a pretext for inciting against Afanasiev criminal case under Art. 129 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation ( slander). Subsequently, the criminal case was terminated due to the lack of corpus delicti.

August 19 announced in Khakassia day of mourning. Holidays of the City Day in Abakan ( August 22) and Chernogorsk (August 29) have been cancelled. In addition, a number of major sports and social events 25-th of August in all branches and subsidiaries and affiliates JSC RusHydro has been declared a day of mourning.

Compensation and social assistance

Financial assistance to the families of the victims was provided from various sources. RusHydro made payments in the amount of 1 million rubles to the families of each of the victims, separately paid two months' wages for the victims, and allocated funds for organizing the funeral. Survivors but victims of the accident received lump sum payments in the amount of 50 to 150 thousand rubles, depending on the severity of the damage. The company is working to provide housing for families in need, and also implements other social programs to help the families of the victims. AT total the company allocated 185 million rubles for social assistance programs.

Creation". More than 5 million rubles were received on the account trade union stations. This money was subsequently distributed taking into account the needs of the families of those killed and injured in the accident.

As part of our own charitable program Sberbank of Russia undertook to repay mortgage loans to the families of the victims total amount 6 million rubles.

Environmental consequences

The accident rendered negative impact on the environment: oil from the lubrication baths of the thrust bearings of hydraulic units, from the destroyed control systems of the guide vanes and transformers got into the Yenisei, the resulting slick stretched for 130 km. Overall volume oil leaks from the station equipment amounted to 436.5 m³, of which approximately 45 m³, mainly turbine oil, fell into the river. In order to prevent further spread of oil along the river, booms; to facilitate the collection of oil, a special sorbent, but it was not possible to promptly stop the distribution of oil products; the stain was completely eliminated only 24 August, and clean-up activities coastal strip scheduled to be completed by December 31, 2009.

Water pollution with oil products has led to the death of about 400 tons of industrial trout in fish farms located downstream of the river.

tank trucks

The built chapel near the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP

See the beginning on the website: Spurs on the RSChS - Disaster at the Sayano-Shushenskaya HPP PartI