1. great poet A.S. Pushkin passed different stages attitudes towards GOD, which are clearly reflected in his work.
In the early poems of the poet there is youthful nihilism, freethinking, and even blasphemy, which was in line with the enthusiasm of the entire high society for Voltairianism and Freemasonry.
But over time, the views of the poet have changed dramatically.
That A.S. Pushkin took faith at the end of his life very seriously, many of his sayings and poems say. His prayers in the verses “Our Father” and “The Hermit Fathers and Immaculate Wives” are permeated with bright faith and reverent attitude towards the CREATOR.
“... Father of people, Heavenly Father!
Yes, your eternal name
Hallowed by our hearts;
May your kingdom come
May your will be with us
As in heaven, so on earth ... "
2. Everyone knows the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ...”, but what do the words of the poet mean:
"No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and corruption will flee"?
It would seem that it is said that the soul - in the lyre, in poetry will be eternal and imperishable. But the world itself is not eternal and corruptible, and the time will come when "prophecy will cease, and tongues will be silent, and knowledge will be abolished" (Cor.13.8). So, it has a different meaning. What is it?
A. S. Pushkin knew the Bible well, and in the Bible, playing the lyre-harp means thanksgiving and prayers to GOD. It is in GOD that the soul “will survive my dust and flee corruption,” that is, it will be incorruptible and eternal.
The soul was originally born from the breath of GOD, it is pure and beautiful, and therefore, during life with GOD's help, you need to protect it in every possible way from sin and evil, external and internal, keep it clean and strengthen it in Holiness, always being with GOD.
When the soul appears before the CREATOR, no one will ask who it belonged to - a poet, a scavenger or a scientist. The quality of the soul, which means that its posthumous fate does not depend on the profession, education, or talent, but only on the degree of its Holiness and closeness to GOD. It is in HIM that the soul, having entered Eternity, will “survive the dust and flee the corruption.”
“By the command of God, O muse, be obedient…”
AT final lines A.S. Pushkin clearly and definitely says to whom the muse of poetry should be obedient, and, therefore, the poet himself - to the Will of GOD!
Poet's talent God's gift. And woe to the one who uses it to desecrate the CREATOR, but blessed is the one who hears and fulfills HIS Will, and glorifies HIM with his creativity!
Dying, A.S. Pushkin was not thinking about poetry. Saying goodbye to everyone, he strictly forbade revenge on the murderer and his accomplices. After that, he told his relatives that he wanted to die a Christian, and asked the priest to commune his Saints Mysteries of Christ.
The soul of the poet was preparing to appear before the ALL!
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Will not grow to him folk trail,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
pillar of alexandria.
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
10
And every language that is in it will call me,
Tunguz, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,
20
And don't argue with a fool.
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not grow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
10
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
20
And don't argue with a fool.
Variants and discrepancies
"I AM A MONUMENT TO MYSELF, AN IMPROVEMENT"
(p. 424)
Rumors about me [will spread] throughout all of Great Russia
And every language that exists in it will call me -
And [the grandson of the Slavs], and Fin and now the floorwild
[Tunguz] [Kyrgyz] and Kalmyk -
And for a long time I will be kind to the people
What new sounds for songs I found
That in the wake of Radishchev I glorified freedom
[And aboutillumination>]
O Muse, your call, be obedient
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown
Crowds of praise and [abuse] accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool
B. Variants of a white autograph.
(LB 84, fol. 57v.)
3 Started: O <н>
5 No, I will not die - the soul is in an immortal lyre
6 It will outlive me and decay will run away -
9 Rumors will spread about me throughout the great Russia
12 Tunguz and the Kalmyk son of the steppes.
14-16
What new sounds for songs I found
That after Radishchev I glorified freedom
And mercy sang
14 That I awakened good feelings in songs
17 To your calling, O muse, be obedient
18 Do not be afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown;
19 Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
Under text: 1836
Aug.<уста> 21
Kam.<енный>acute<ов>
Notes
Dated August 21, 1836. It was not published during Pushkin's lifetime. First published in 1841 by Zhukovsky in a posthumous edition of Pushkin's works, vol. IX. pp. 121-122, censored: 4 Napoleonic pillar; 13 And for a long time I will be kind to those people; 15 That by the charm of living poetry I was useful.
The restored original text was published by Bartenev in the note "On Pushkin's poem "Monument"" - "Russian Archive" 1881, book. I, No. 1, p. 235, with facsimile. The original versions were published by M. L. Hoffman in the article "Pushkin's posthumous poems" - "Pushkin and his contemporaries", no. XXXIII-XXXV, 1922, pp. 411-412 and D. P. Yakubovich in the article “Draft autograph of the last three stanzas of the Monument” - “Pushkin. Vremnik of the Pushkin Commission, vol. 3, 1937, pp. 4-5. (preliminary partial publication - in "Literary Leningrad" dated November 11, 1936 No. 52/197) See publication in
The poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” has an unusual, even tragic story. His draft was discovered after the death of the writer and given to Zhukovsky for revision. He carefully edited the original, and the poem was placed in posthumous edition. It is rather sad to read the verse “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” by Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich - the poet, as if anticipating death approaching the threshold, hurries to create a work that will become his creative testament. In whatever class this creation is studied, it is able to make a deep impression.
The main theme of the poem is by no means self-praise, as the poet's detractors believed, but reflections on the role of poetry in public life. It does not matter whether a person decides to download it or read it online, Pushkin's message will be quite clear to him: the poetic word does not die, even if the creator dies. Remaining the imprint of his personality, it passes through the centuries, carries itself like a banner different nations. This is a lesson about love for freedom, homeland and people that needs to be taught at any age.
The text of Pushkin's poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is filled with inspiration and admiration, there is a lot of tenderness and even sadness in it, which one way or another slips between the lines, is completely covered by the realization of the fact that the poet's soul is immortal. It is kept by the people themselves, who are not indifferent to literature.
Exegi monumentum.*
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not grow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.**
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown;
Praise and slander received with indifference
And don't argue with the fool.
____________________________
* “I erected a monument” (lat.). The epigraph is taken from the works
Horace, the famous Roman poet (65-8 BC).
Monument to A.S. Pushkin in Tsarskoye Selo (photo by the author of the article, 2011)
The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands" was written in 1836, six months before Pushkin's death. Not the most better times experienced then the poet. Critics did not favor him, the king was banned from the press best work, in secular society gossip spread about his person, in family life everything was far from rosy. The poet was embarrassed cash. Yes, and friends, even the closest ones, treated all his hardships with coolness.
It is in such a difficult environment that Pushkin writes a poetic work, which eventually becomes historical.
The poet, as it were, sums up his work, sincerely and frankly shares his thoughts with the reader, evaluating his contribution to Russian and world literature. A true assessment of his merits, an understanding of the coming glory, recognition and love of descendants - all this contributed to helping the poet calmly treat slander, insults, “not demand a crown from them”, to be above this. Alexander Sergeevich speaks about this in the last stanza of the work. Perhaps it was the painful thoughts about the misunderstanding and underestimation of his contemporaries that inspired the poet to write this important poem.
“I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is to some extent an imitation famous poem"Monument" (which in turn is based on Horace's verse). Pushkin follows Derzhavin's text, but puts a completely different meaning into his lines. Alexander Sergeevich tells us about his “disobedience”, that his “monument” is higher than the monument to Alexander I, the “Pillar of Alexandria” (the opinions of literary researchers about which monument are in question differ). And that people will constantly come to his monument, and the road to it will not be overgrown. And as long as poetry exists in the world, “as long as at least one piit is alive in the sublunary world,” the glory of the poet will not fade.
Pushkin knows for sure that everything numerous nations, which are part of "Great Russia", will treat him as their own poet. Pushkin deserved the love of the people and eternal recognition by the fact that his poetry awakens “good feelings” in people. And also by the fact that he "glorified freedom", fought as best he could, creating his own important works. And he never stopped believing in the best, and for the "fallen" he asked for "mercy."
Analyzing the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands”, we understand that this work is a philosophical reflection on life and work, it is an expression of its poetic purpose.
According to the genre, the poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is an ode. It is based on the main Pushkin principles: love of freedom, humanity.
The size of the poem is iambic six-foot. He perfectly conveys the decisiveness and clarity of the poet's thoughts.
In the work, not only phraseological combinations, but also a single word, entails a whole range of associations and images, closely related to the stylistic tradition that was familiar to poets - lyceum students.
The number of stanzas in the poem is five. The last stanza is sustained in a solemnly calm tone.
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
The function of polysyndeton is “to encourage the reader to generalize, to perceive a number of details as an integral image. The specific is formed upon perception into the generic, namely, “the peoples of the Russian Empire”.
The idea of \u200b\u200bthe poem “I erected a monument to myself not made by hands” is most likely inspired by Pushkin's memoirs. It was he, the closest and devoted friend of Alexander Sergeevich, who was the first to understand the greatness of Pushkin and predicted his immortal glory. During his lifetime, Delvig helped the poet in many ways, was a comforter, protector, and in some ways even a teacher of Pushkin. Anticipating an imminent death and saying goodbye to creative activity, Pushkin, as it were, agreed with Delvig's words, argued that his prophecies would come true, despite the narrow-minded fools who ruin the poet in the same way that they killed his brother "in muse and fate" five years before, Delvig himself.
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ... (A.S. Pushkin)
(full text of the poem)
Exegi monumentum*.
I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,
The folk trail will not grow to it,
He ascended higher as the head of the rebellious
Pillar of Alexandria.
No, all of me will not die - the soul is in the cherished lyre
My ashes will survive and decay will run away -
And I will be glorious as long as in the sublunar world
At least one piit will live.
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And every language that is in it will call me,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tunguz, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified Freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently,
And don't argue with the fool.
*) I erected a monument .. (beginning of Horace's poem)
History of creation. The poem "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands ..." was written on August 21, 1836, that is, shortly before Pushkin's death. In it he sums up his poetic activity, relying on the traditions of not only Russian, but also world literature. The direct model from which Pushkin repelled was Derzhavin's poem "Monument" (1795), which gained great fame. At the same time, Pushkin not only compares himself and his poetry with the great predecessor, but also highlights the features characteristic of his work.
genre and composition. According to genre features, Pushkin's poem is an ode, but this Special variety of this genre. She came to Russian literature as a pan-European tradition, originating in antiquity. No wonder the epigraph to the poem Pushkin took lines from the poem ancient roman poet Horace "To Melpomene": Exegi monumentum - "I erected a monument." Horace is the author of "Satire" and a number of poems that glorified his name. The message "To Melpomene" he created at the end of his creative way. Melpomene in ancient Greek mythology- one of the nine muses, the patroness of tragedy, a symbol of theatrics. In this message, Horace evaluates his merits in poetry .. Later, the creation of this kind of poems in the genre of a kind of poetic "monument" became stable literary tradition, It was introduced into Russian literature by Lomonosov, who was the first to translate the message of Horace. Then a free translation of the poem with an assessment of his merits in poetry was made by G.R. Derzhavin, calling it "Monument". It was in it that the main genre features such poetic "monuments". Finally this genre variety was formed in Pushkin's "Monument".
Following Derzhavin, Pushkin divides his poem into five stanzas, using a similar form and size of the verse. Like Derzhavin's, Pushkin's poem is written in quatrains, but with a slightly modified meter. In the first three lines, like Derzhavin, Pushkin uses the traditional. the odic size is 6-foot iambic (Alexandrian verse), but the last line is written in 4-foot iambic, which makes it percussive and puts a semantic emphasis on it.
Main themes and ideas. Pushkin's poem is. anthem of poetry. His main topic- glorification of true poetry and affirmation high-end poet in the life of society. In this, Pushkin acts as the heir to the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin. But at the same time, with the similarity external forms With Derzhavin's poem, Pushkin largely rethought the problems posed, and put forward his own idea of the meaning of creativity and its evaluation. Revealing the theme of the relationship between the poet and the reader, Pushkin points out that his poetry is mostly addressed to a wide audience. This is evident." already from the first lines. ". „The folk path will not overgrow to it," he says about his literary “monument”. The first stanza is a traditional statement of significance poetic monument in comparison with other ways to perpetuate merit.. But Pushkin introduces here the theme of freedom, which is "through" in his work, noting that his "monument" is marked by love of freedom: "He rose higher as the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria."
The second stanza of all the poets who created such poems affirms the immortality of poetry, which enables the author to continue to live in the memory of his descendants: “No, all of me will not die - the soul in the cherished lyre / My ashes will survive and run away from decay.” But unlike Derzhavin, Pushkin, who experienced in last years life, misunderstanding and rejection of the crowd, focuses on the fact that his poetry will find a wider response in the hearts of people who are close to him in spiritual makeup, creators, and we are talking not only about domestic literature, “about the poets of the whole world: “And I will be glorious, as long as in the sublunar world / At least one piit will live.”
The third stanza, like that of Derzhavin, is devoted to the theme of the development of interest in poetry among the widest sections of the people who were not previously familiar with it, and wide posthumous fame:
The rumor about me will spread throughout the great Russia,
And the alley that is in it will call me. language,
And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now wild
Tungus, and a Kalmyk friend of the steppes.
main semantic load carries the fourth stanza. Namely, in it the poet defines the main thing that constitutes the essence of his work and for which he can hope for poetic immortality:
And for a long time I will be kind to the people,
That I aroused good feelings with lyre,
That in my cruel age I glorified freedom
And he called for mercy on the fallen.
In these lines, Pushkin draws the reader's attention to the humanity, humanism of his works, returning to major issue late creativity. From the point of view of the poet, the “good feelings” that art awakens in readers are more important than its aesthetic qualities. This problem will be the second for literature half of XIX century the subject of fierce discussions between representatives of democratic criticism and the so-called pure art. But for Pushkin, the possibility of a harmonious solution is obvious: the last two lines of this stanza return us to the theme of freedom, but understood through the prism of the idea of mercy. It is significant that in initial version Pushkin instead of the words "in my cruel age" wrote "after Radishchev." Not only because of censorship considerations, the poet refused such direct instructions on the political sense love of freedom. More important for the author captain's daughter”, where the problem of mercy and mercy was very sharply posed, the idea of goodness and justice in their highest, Christian understanding became affirmed.
The last stanza is a traditional appeal to the muse for "monument" poems:
By the command of God, O muse, be obedient,
Not afraid of resentment, not demanding a crown,
Praise and slander were accepted indifferently
And don't argue with the fool.
In Pushkin, these lines are filled with a special meaning: they return us to the ideas expressed in the program poem "The Prophet". Their main idea is that the poet creates according to the highest will, and therefore he is responsible for his art not to people who are often unable to understand it, but to God. Such ideas were characteristic of Pushkin's late work and were voiced in the poems "The Poet", "To the Poet", "The Poet and the Crowd". In them, the problem of the poet and society arises with particular acuteness, and the fundamental independence of the artist from the opinions of the public is affirmed. In Pushkin's "Monument" this idea acquires the most capacious formulation, which creates a harmonious conclusion to reflections on poetic glory and overcoming death through divinely inspired art.
Artistic originality. The significance of the theme and the high pathos of the poem determined the special solemnity of its overall sound. Slow, majestic rhythm is created not only by odic size(iambic with pyrrhic), but also the widespread use of anaphora (“And I will be glorious ...”, “And he will call me ...”, “And the proud grandson of the Slavs ...”, “And I will be kind to that for a long time ... ”, “And mercy to the fallen ..”), inversion (“He ascended higher as the head of the recalcitrant Pillar of Alexandria), syntactic parallelism and rows homogeneous members(“And the proud grandson of the Slavs, and the Finn, and now the wild Tungus ...”). Creation high style promotes and selection lexical means. The poet uses lofty epithets (a monument not made by hands, a rebellious head, a cherished lyre, in the sublunar world, a proud grandson of the Slavs), a large number of Slavicisms (raised, head, piit, until). In one of the most significant artistic images The poem uses metonymy - "That I awakened good feelings with my lyre ...". All in all artistic means create a solemn anthem of poetry.
The value of the work.
Pushkin's "Monument", continuing the traditions of Lomonosov and Derzhavin, stands in Russian literature on special place. He not only summed up Pushkin's work, but also marked that milestone, that height poetic art, which served as a guide for all subsequent generations of Russian poets. Not all of them strictly followed the genre tradition of the “monument” poem, like A.A. Fet, but every time the Russian poet addresses the problem of art, its purpose and evaluation of his achievements, he recalls Pushkin's words: "I erected a monument to myself not made by hands,.,", trying to get closer to its unattainable height.
