Wars - this is what has always been, how many people live on the planet. Military uniform at different times and in different countries not like one another. It is interesting to know which warrior is the most handsome.
The most famous scout
After the film "Lawrence of Arabia" was released, the most famous intelligence officer was a man named Thomas Edward Lawrence. His role in the First World War is enormous.While studying at the University, Thomas traveled a lot. Basically, these were trips to Syria, where he managed to thoroughly study the way of life in this eastern country. Being very hospitable, the Arabs always greeted Lawrence warmly. He ate simple food with them, learned to ride a camel, learned their dialects, and even wore Arabic clothes.
Soon British intelligence drew attention to the young man and invited him to specialize in Arab affairs. Thanks to his activities, sabotage detachments were organized from among the Bedouins, which then operated in Arabia and Palestine. Not without the influence and help of a scout, one of the Turkish ports was taken by the Arabs during the war for independence from Turkey.
The same intelligence officer contributed to the change of padishah in the twenties. As a result, the one that was more convenient for England came to power. As a result, relations with the USSR heated up, and the question of sending troops to Afghanistan was raised.
The oldest paratrooper in Russia
Respectable warriors are paratroopers. In Russia, the most famous and oldest paratrooper was Alexei Sokolov. Unfortunately, in the spring of 2013, when he was one hundred and two years old, he passed away. 
This man has lived interesting life. He participated in Finnish company, heading in those years the headquarters of a battalion of a tank brigade, then in the Second World War, he defended Leningrad, after that in the war with Japan. In 1948, with the rank of captain, he became deputy for the technical part of one of the parachute regiments.
Sokolov gave more than seventy years of service. In recent years, he has been engaged in the military-patriotic education of youth, he was an honorary chairman in the Council of Veterans.
The most beautiful warrior in the world
The beauty of a warrior largely depends on the military uniform he wears. Many years have passed since the end of World War II, but the form of the Third Reich still remains the most beautiful among all known forms.The designers of the black SS uniform were Carl Diebitsch and Walter Heck. Hugo Boss founded a company in 1924, which was engaged in sewing uniforms for the Hitler Youth, the SS and the Wehrmacht. The factory was located in Metzingen, where convicts and French prisoners worked.
The form of the Third Reich is beautiful, diverse and interesting in terms of the reasons that led to specific design decisions.
It should be noted that in those years Hugo Boss, how trademark, nobody knew. The company was originally engaged in sewing raincoats and overalls for workers. Receiving a defense order made it possible to save the precarious situation. Seventy-five thousand private German tailors were engaged in sewing uniforms, one of them was Hugo Boss.
Interestingly, there is also a very funny form. Most often, soldiers of the guard of honor stand in such an absurd form. Ridiculous can be called the robes in which the Greek Evzones march at the grave in Athens unknown soldier, because of this, rare tourists can keep from laughing. They are wearing heavy woolen uniforms, double woolen stockings.
The Corps of the Swiss Guard is hired to guard the Pope. The uniform they wear was developed by Michelangelo and has not changed for four hundred years. Today, this uniform resembles a clown outfit.
The Fiji guard of honor are strong guys wearing tattered skirts. On their feet are slippers.
The strongest and greatest warrior of all time
They talked about great warriors, they talk and will always talk about them. These are called Spartacus, Napoleon and Cortes. Atilla is considered a great and mysterious warrior. Can't say Richard Lion Heart, who, being the king of England, became the head of the crusade against Jerusalem. Great Japanese samurai Tokugawa Ieyasu is considered the commander. 
The greatest military leader of all time is Alexander the Great. Conquering the world has been his dream since childhood. Thanks to military victories, the borders of the empire stretched from India to Greece.
The Mongol Khan Genghis Khan is recognized as a great warrior and brilliant commander. The great Tamerlane managed to conquer the territory from the Volga to Samarkand.
A skillful strategist of the Ancient world is Hannibal. Being an enemy of the Roman Republic, he led the Punic Wars. He stood at the head of a huge army and was able to cross with him the Alps and the Pyrenees.
great warrior and national hero Russia deservedly named Alexander Suvorov. In his military career there was not a single defeat. This commander had no equal in the art of war.
The famous commander who devoted his life to defending his homeland was Alexander Nevsky. Next to him you can put the name of another Russian commander - Dmitry Donskoy, who managed to defeat the Mongol horde with his army.
by the most strong warriors not only strong people became. Real strongmen - for example, athletes. According to the site, the strongest people in the world are athletes and can even move ships.
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The content of the article
WAR, armed struggle between large groups/communities of people (states, tribes, parties); governed by laws and customs - a set of principles and norms international law, establishing the obligations of the belligerents (ensuring the protection of the civilian population, regulating the treatment of prisoners of war, a ban on the use of especially inhuman types of weapons).
Wars in human history.
War is a constant companion of human history. Up to 95% of all societies known to us have resorted to it to resolve external or internal conflicts. According to scientists, over the past fifty-six centuries, there have been approx. 14,500 wars in which more than 3.5 billion people died.
According to the belief extremely widespread in antiquity, the Middle Ages and Modern times (J.-J. Rousseau), primitive times were the only peaceful period of history, and primitive man (an uncivilized savage) was a creature devoid of any militancy and aggressiveness. However, the latest archaeological studies of prehistoric sites in Europe, North America and North Africa indicate that armed clashes (obviously between individuals) took place as early as the Neanderthal era. An ethnographic study of modern hunter-gatherer tribes shows that in most cases attacks on neighbors, violent seizure of property and women are harsh reality their lives (Zulus, Dahomeans, North American Indians, Eskimos, tribes of New Guinea).
The first types of weapons (clubs, spears) were used primitive man from 35 thousand BC, however, the earliest cases of group combat date back only to 12 thousand BC. - only from now on can we talk about the war.
The birth of war in the primitive era was associated with the appearance of new types of weapons (bow, sling), which for the first time made it possible to fight at a distance; from now on, the physical strength of the combatants no longer had exceptional value, big role began to play dexterity and skill. The beginnings of a battle technique (coverage from the flank) arose. The war was highly ritualized (numerous taboos and prohibitions), which limited its duration and losses.
An essential factor in the evolution of warfare was the domestication of animals: the use of horses gave nomads an advantage over settled tribes. The need for protection from their sudden raids led to fortifications; the first known fact- the fortress walls of Jericho (about 8 thousand BC). Gradually, the number of participants in wars increased. However, there is no unanimity among scientists about the size of prehistoric "armies": the numbers vary from a dozen to several hundred warriors.
The emergence of states contributed to the progress of military organization. The growth in the productivity of agricultural production allowed the elite of ancient societies to accumulate in their hands funds that made it possible to increase the size of armies and improve their fighting qualities; much more time was devoted to the training of soldiers; the first professional military formations appeared. If the armies of the Sumerian city-states were small peasant militias, then the later ancient Eastern monarchies (China, Egypt of the New Kingdom) already had relatively large and fairly disciplined military forces.
The main component of the ancient Eastern and ancient army was the infantry: initially operating on the battlefield as a chaotic crowd, it later turned into an extremely organized fighting unit (Macedonian phalanx, Roman legion). AT different periods other "arms of the armed forces" also acquired significance, such as, for example, war chariots who played a significant role in aggressive campaigns Assyrians. The importance of military fleets also increased, primarily among the Phoenicians, Greeks and Carthaginians; The first naval battle known to us took place ca. 1210 BC between the Hittites and the Cypriots. The function of the cavalry was usually reduced to auxiliary or reconnaissance. Progress was also observed in the field of weapons - new materials are used, new types of weapons are invented. Bronze ensured the victories of the Egyptian army of the era of the New Kingdom, and iron contributed to the creation of the first ancient Eastern empire - the New Assyrian state. In addition to the bow, arrows and spears, the sword, ax, dagger, and dart gradually came into use. Appeared siege weapons, the development and use of which reached a peak in the Hellenistic period (catapults, battering rams, siege towers). Wars have acquired a significant scope, involving in their orbit big number states (wars of the Diadochi, etc.). The largest armed conflicts of antiquity were the wars of the Neo-Assyrian kingdom (second half of the 8th–7th centuries), the Greco-Persian wars (500–449 BC), Peloponnesian War(431-404 BC), the conquests of Alexander the Great (334-323 BC) and the Punic Wars (264-146 BC).
In the Middle Ages, the infantry lost its primacy to the cavalry, which was facilitated by the invention of stirrups (8th century). central figure a heavily armed knight stood on the battlefield. The scale of the war was reduced compared to the ancient era: it turned into an expensive and elite occupation, the prerogative of the ruling class and acquired a professional character (the future knight underwent a long training). Small detachments took part in the battles (from several dozen to several hundred knights with squires); only at the end of the classical Middle Ages (14th-15th centuries) with the emergence centralized states the number of armies increased; the importance of the infantry increased again (it was the archers that ensured the success of the British in the Hundred Years War). Military operations at sea were of a secondary nature. But the role of castles has unusually increased; the siege became the main element of the war. The largest wars of this period were the Reconquista (718–1492), the Crusades and Hundred Years War (1337–1453).
turning point in military history was widespread from the middle of the 15th century. in Europe gunpowder and firearms(arquebus, cannons) (); the first case of their use is the battle of Agincourt (1415). From now on, the level of military equipment and, accordingly, military industry became the unconditional determinant of the outcome of the war. AT late medieval(16th - first half of the 17th century) the technological advantage of the Europeans allowed them to expand beyond their continent (colonial conquests) and at the same time put an end to the invasions of nomadic tribes from the East. The importance of naval warfare increased sharply. Disciplined regular infantry ousted the knightly cavalry (see the role of the Spanish infantry in the wars of the 16th century). The largest armed conflicts of the 16th-17th centuries. were the Italian Wars (1494–1559) and the Thirty Years' War (1618–1648).
In the centuries that followed, the nature of warfare underwent rapid and fundamental changes. Military technology has progressed unusually rapidly (from the musket of the 17th century to nuclear submarines and supersonic fighters in the early 21st century). New types of weapons (missile systems, etc.) have strengthened the remote nature of the military confrontation. The war became more and more massive: the institution of recruiting and who replaced it in the 19th century. universal conscription made armies truly nationwide (more than 70 million people participated in World War I, over 110 million in World War II), on the other hand, the whole society was already involved in the war (women's and children's labor at military enterprises in the USSR and the USA during World War II). reached an unprecedented scale human losses: if in the 17th century. they amounted to 3.3 million, in the 18th century. - 5.4 million, in the 19th - early 20th century. - 5.7 million, then in the 1st World War - more than 9 million, and in the 2nd World War - over 50 million. Wars were accompanied by a grandiose destruction of material wealth and cultural values.
By the end of the 20th century "Asymmetric wars" have become the dominant form of armed conflicts, characterized by a sharp disparity in the capabilities of the belligerents. In the nuclear age, such wars are of great danger, as they encourage the weak side to violate all established laws war and resort to different forms deterrence tactics up to large-scale terrorist acts (the tragedy of September 11, 2001 in New York).
A change in the nature of the war and an intense arms race gave rise in the first half of the 20th century. a powerful anti-war trend (J. Jaures, A. Barbusse, M. Gandhi, general disarmament projects in the League of Nations), which has especially intensified since the creation of weapons mass destruction that called into question the very existence of human civilization. The United Nations began to play a leading role in maintaining peace, proclaiming its task to "save future generations from the scourge of war"; in 1974 the UN General Assembly qualified military aggression as an international crime. Articles on the unconditional renunciation of war (Japan) or on the prohibition of the creation of an army (Costa Rica) were included in the constitutions of some countries.
The Constitution of the Russian Federation does not grant any government agency the right to declare war; the president has only the right to impose martial law in the event of aggression or the threat of aggression (defensive war).
Types of wars.
The classification of wars is based on a variety of criteria. Based goals, they are divided into predatory (raids of the Pechenegs and Polovtsians on Russia in the 9th - early 13th centuries), aggressive (wars of Cyrus II 550–529 BC), colonial (French-Chinese war 1883–1885), religious (Huguenot wars in France 1562–1598), dynastic (War of the Spanish Succession 1701–1714), trade (Opium Wars 1840–1842 and 1856–1860), national liberation (Algerian War 1954–1962), patriotic ( Patriotic War 1812), revolutionary (France's wars with the European coalition 1792–1795).
By the scope of hostilities and the number of forces and means involved wars are divided into local (waged on a limited territory and by small forces) and large-scale. The former include, for example, wars between ancient Greek city-states; to the second - the campaigns of Alexander the Great, the Napoleonic Wars, etc.
By the nature of the opposing sides distinguish between civil and foreign wars. The former, in turn, are subdivided into apex, waged by factions within the elite (the War of the Scarlet and White Roses 1455–1485) (LANCASTER), and interclass wars of slaves against the ruling class (Spartacus’s war 74–71 BC), peasants (Great peasant war in Germany 1524-1525), townspeople/bourgeoisie (civil war in England 1639-1652), social lower classes in general (civil war in Russia 1918-1922). Outer Wars are subdivided into wars between states (the Anglo-Dutch wars of the 17th century), between states and tribes (Caesar's Gallic Wars 58–51 BC), between coalitions of states (the Seven Years' War 1756–1763), between metropolises and colonies ( Indochinese War 1945–1954), world wars (1914–1918 and 1939–1945).
In addition, wars are distinguished by ways of doing- offensive and defensive, regular and partisan (guerilla) - and jurisdiction: land, sea, air, coastal, fortress and field, to which arctic, mountain, urban, desert wars, jungle wars are sometimes added.
The principle of classification is taken and moral criterion- just and unjust wars. A "just war" is a war waged to protect order and law and, ultimately, peace. Her mandatory conditions- it must have a just cause; it should be begun only when all peaceful means have been exhausted; it should not go beyond the reach main task; the civilian population should not suffer from it. The idea of a "just war", which goes back to the Old Testament, ancient philosophy and St. Augustine, received theoretical formalization in the 12th-13th centuries. in the writings of Gratian, the decretalists, and Thomas Aquinas. In the late Middle Ages, its development was continued by neo-scholastics, M. Luther and G. Grotius. It regained relevance in the 20th century, especially in connection with the emergence of weapons of mass destruction and the problem of "humanitarian military actions" designed to stop the genocide in a particular country.
Theories of the origin of wars.
At all times, people have tried to comprehend the phenomenon of war, to identify its nature, to give it a moral assessment, to develop methods for its most effective use(the theory of military art) and find ways to limit or even eradicate it. The most controversial was and continues to be the question of the causes of wars: why do they happen if most people do not want them? It gives a variety of answers.
Theological interpretation, which has Old Testament roots, is based on the understanding of war as an arena for the realization of the will of God (gods). Its adherents see the war as either a way to establish the true religion and reward the pious (the conquest of the "Promised Land" by the Jews, the victorious campaigns of the Arabs who converted to Islam), or a means of punishing the wicked (the destruction of the kingdom of Israel by the Assyrians, the defeat of the Roman Empire by the barbarians).
Concrete-historical approach, dating back to antiquity (Herodotus), connects the origin of wars solely with their local historical context and excludes the search for any universal causes. At the same time, the role of political leaders and their rational decisions. Often the outbreak of war is perceived as the result of a random combination of circumstances.
Influential positions in the tradition of studying the phenomenon of war are occupied by psychological school. Even in ancient times, the belief (Thucydides) dominated that war is a consequence of bad human nature, an innate tendency to “do” chaos and evil. In our time, this idea was used by Z. Freud when creating the theory of psychoanalysis: he argued that a person could not exist if his inherent need for self-destruction (the death instinct) was not directed to external objects, including other individuals, other ethnic groups and other confessional groups. The followers of Z. Freud (L. L. Bernard) considered the war as a manifestation of mass psychosis, which is the result of the suppression of human instincts by society. Row modern psychologists(E.F.M. Darben, J. Bowlby) reworked Freud's theory of sublimation in the gender sense: a tendency to aggression and violence is a property of male nature; suppressed in peaceful conditions, it finds the necessary exit to the battlefield. Their hope for the deliverance of mankind from war is associated with the transfer of control levers into the hands of women and with the assertion of feminine values in society. Other psychologists interpret aggressiveness not as an integral feature of the male psyche, but as a result of its violation, citing as an example politicians obsessed with war mania (Napoleon, Hitler, Mussolini); they believe that for the onset of an era of universal peace, an effective system of civilian control is sufficient, which closes access to power for madmen.
A special branch of the psychological school, founded by K. Lorenz, is based on evolutionary sociology. Its adherents consider war to be an extended form of animal behavior, primarily an expression of male rivalry and their struggle for possession of a certain territory. They emphasize, however, that although the war had natural origin, technological progress has increased its destructive nature and brought it to a level unbelievable for the animal world, when the very existence of humanity as a species is threatened.
Anthropological school(E. Montague and others) resolutely rejects the psychological approach. Social anthropologists prove that the tendency to aggression is not inherited (genetically), but is formed in the process of education, that is, it reflects the cultural experience of a particular social environment, its religious and ideological attitudes. From their point of view, there is no connection between the various historical forms violence, because each of them was generated by its specific social context.
Political approach repelled from the formula of the German military theorist K. Clausewitz (1780-1831), who defined war as "the continuation of politics by other means." His numerous adherents, beginning with L. Ranke, deduce the origin of wars from international disputes and the diplomatic game.
An offshoot of the political science school is geopolitical direction, whose representatives see the main reason for wars in the lack of " living space”(K. Haushofer, J. Kieffer), in the desire of states to expand their borders to natural boundaries (rivers, mountain ranges, etc.).
Ascending to English economist T. R. Malthus (1766–1834) demographic theory considers war as the result of an imbalance between population and the amount of means of subsistence and as a functional means of restoring it by destroying demographic surpluses. Neo-Malthusians (W. Vogt and others) believe that war is immanent in human society and is the main engine of social progress.
The most popular in the interpretation of the phenomenon of war remains at present sociological approach. In contrast to the followers of K. Clausewitz, his supporters (E. Ker, H.-U. Wehler, etc.) consider war to be a product of internal social conditions and social structure warring countries. Many sociologists are trying to develop a universal typology of wars, to formalize them taking into account all the factors influencing them (economic, demographic, etc.), and to model trouble-free mechanisms for preventing them. The sociostatistical analysis of wars, proposed back in the 1920s, is actively used. L.F. Richardson; at present, numerous predictive models of armed conflicts have been created (P. Breke, participants in the Military Project, Uppsala Research Group).
Popular among specialists in international relations (D. Blaney and others) information theory explains the emergence of wars by a lack of information. According to its adherents, war is the result of a mutual decision - the decision of one side to attack and the decision of the other to resist; the losing side always turns out to be the one that inadequately assesses its capabilities and the capabilities of the other side - otherwise it would either renounce aggression or capitulate in order to avoid vain human and material losses. Therefore, knowledge of the enemy's intentions and his ability to wage war (effective reconnaissance) is of decisive importance.
Cosmopolitan theory connects the origin of the war with the antagonism of national and supranational, universal, interests (N. Angel, S. Strechi, J. Dewey). It is used primarily to explain armed conflicts in the age of globalization.
Supporters economic interpretation consider war as a consequence of the rivalry of states in the sphere of international economic relations, anarchic in nature. The war is started to obtain new markets, cheap labor, sources of raw materials and energy. This position is shared, as a rule, by scientists of the left direction. They argue that the war serves the interests of the propertied strata, and all its hardships fall on the lot of the disadvantaged groups of the population.
Economic interpretation is an element Marxist approach, which interprets any war as a derivative of a class war. From the point of view of Marxism, wars are waged to strengthen the power of the ruling classes and to split the world proletariat through appeal to religious or nationalist ideals. Marxists argue that wars are the inevitable result of the free market and the system of class inequality, and that they will sink into oblivion after the world revolution.
Ivan Krivushin
APPENDIX
MAIN WARS IN HISTORY
28th century BC. - Pharaoh Snefru's campaigns in Nubia, Libya and Sinai
con. 24 - 1st floor. 23rd century BC. - wars of Sargon the Ancient with the states of Sumer
last third of the 23rd century BC. - wars of Naram-Suen with Ebla, Subartu, Elam and Lullubeys
1st floor 22nd century BC. - Gutian conquest of Mesopotamia
2003 BC Elamite invasion of Mesopotamia
con. 19 - beg. 18th century BC. - Campaigns of Shamshi-Adad I in Syria and Mesopotamia
1st floor 18th century BC. - Hammurabi's wars in Mesopotamia
OK. 1742 BC Kassite invasion of Babylonia
OK. 1675 BC - Conquest of Egypt by the Hyksos
OK. 1595 BC Hittite campaign in Babylonia
con. 16 - con. 15th c. BC. - Egyptian-Mitannian wars
early 15 - ser. 14th c. BC. - Hittite-Mitannian wars
ser. 15th c. BC. - Achaean conquest of Crete
ser. 14th c. BC. - the wars of the Kassite Babylon with Arraphu, Elam, Assyria and the Aramaic tribes; Hittite conquest of Asia Minor
1286–1270 BC - Wars of Ramesses II with the Hittites
2nd floor 13th c. BC. - Campaigns of Tukulti-Ninurta I in Babylonia, Syria and Transcaucasia
1240–1230 BC – Trojan War
early 12th c. BC. - Israeli conquest of Palestine
1180s BC. - invasion of the "peoples of the sea" in the Eastern Mediterranean
2nd quarter 12th century BC. - Elamite campaigns in Babylonia
con. 12 - beginning. 11th c. BC. - Campaigns of Tiglath-Pileser I in Syria, Phoenicia and Babylonia
11th c. BC. - Dorian conquest of Greece
883–824 BC - wars of Ashshurnatsirapal II and Shalmaneser III with Babylon, Urartu, the states of Syria and Phoenicia
con. 8 - beginning. 7th c. BC. - invasions of the Cimmerians and Scythians in Asia Minor
743–624 BC - conquest of the Neo-Assyrian kingdom
722–481 BC - Spring and Autumn Wars in China
623–629 BC - Assyro-Babylonian-Medes War
607–574 BC - Campaigns of Nebuchadnezzar II in Syria and Palestine
553–530 BC - conquests of Cyrus II
525 BC - Persian conquest of Egypt
522–520 BC - Civil War in Persia
514 BC – Scythian campaign of Darius I
early 6th c. – 265 BC - Roman conquest of Italy
500–449 BC - Greco-Persian wars
480–307 BC - Greco-Carthaginian (Sicilian) wars
475–221 BC - Warring States period in China
460–454 BC Inar's liberation war in Egypt
431–404 BC – Peloponnesian War
395–387 BC – Corinthian War
334–324 BC - conquests of Alexander the Great
323–281 BC - Wars of the Diadochi
274–200 BC - Syro-Egyptian wars
264–146 BC – Punic Wars
215–168 BC - Roman-Macedonian wars
89–63 BC - Mithridatic wars
83–31 BC - civil wars in Rome
74–71 BC - War of slaves led by Spartacus
58–50 BC - Julius Caesar's Gallic Wars
53 BC - 217 AD - Roman-Parthian wars
66–70 - Jewish War
220-265 - War of the Three Kingdoms in China
291-306 - War of the Eight Princes in China
375–571 - Great Migration
533–555 Conquests of Justinian I
502-628 - Iranian-Byzantine wars
633–714 Arab conquests
718-1492 - Reconquista
769–811 - Wars of Charlemagne
1066 - Conquest of England by the Normans
1096–1270 – Crusades
1207–1276 - Mongol conquests
late XIII - ser. 16th century - Ottoman conquests
1337–1453 - Hundred Years' War
1455–1485 - War of the Scarlet and White Roses
1467–1603 – internecine wars in Japan (Sengoku era)
1487–1569 - Russian-Lithuanian wars
1494–1559 - Italian Wars
1496–1809 - Russian-Swedish wars
1519–1553 (1697) - Spanish conquest of Central and South America
1524–1525 - The Great Peasants' War in Germany
1546–1552 - Schmalkaldic Wars
1562–1598 – religious wars in France
1569–1668 - Russian-Polish wars
1618–1648 - Thirty Years' War
1639-1652 - civil war in England (War of the Three Kingdoms)
1655–1721 - Northern Wars
1676–1878 - Russian-Turkish wars
1701–1714 - War of the Spanish Succession
1740–1748 - War of the Austrian Succession
1756–1763 - Seven Years' War
1775–1783 - American Revolutionary War
1792–1799 - French Revolutionary Wars
1799–1815 – Napoleonic Wars
1810–1826 - War of Independence Spanish colonies in America
1853–1856 – Crimean War
1861–1865 - American Civil War
1866 - Austro-Prussian War
1870–1871 - Franco-Prussian War
1899–1902 - Boer War
1904–1905 - Russo-Japanese War
1912–1913 - Balkan Wars
1914–1918 – World War I
1918–1922 – Russian Civil War
1937–1945 - Sino-Japanese War
1936–1939 - Spanish Civil War
1939–1945 - World War II
1945–1949 - Chinese Civil War
1946–1975 – Indochinese wars
1948–1973 - Arab-Israeli wars
1950–1953 - Korean War
1980-1988 - Iran-Iraq war
1990-1991 - 1st Gulf War ("Desert Storm")
1991–2001 – Yugoslav Wars
1978–2002 - Afghan wars
2003 - 2nd Gulf War
Literature:
Fuller J.F.C. The conduct of war, 1789–1961: a study of the impact of the French, industrial, and Russian revolutions on war and its conduct. New York, 1992
Military Encyclopedia: in 8 vols. M., 1994
Asprey R.B. War in the Shadows. The Guerilla in History. New York, 1994
Ropp T. War in the modern world. Baltimore (Md.), 2000
Bradford A.S. With Arrow, Sword, and Spear: A History of Warfare in the Ancient World. Westport (Conn.), 2001
Nicholson H. Medieval Warfare. New York, 2004
LeBlanc S.A., Register K.E. Constant battles: the myth of the peaceful, noble savage. New York, 2004
Otterbein K.F. how war began. College station (Tex.), 2004
Humanity has been obsessed with war since ancient times. From the bloody filth of the Colosseum to the sacrificial slaughter of the land of the Aztecs, it would be quite difficult to find a culture, even today, that has not been involved in warfare in some way.
Admit it, this list caught your eye, didn't it? It's okay, because right now we're going to introduce you to the 25 most fearless and deadly warriors in the history of mankind!
25. Gladiators
"Swordsmen" in translation from Latin, most of these Roman warriors were slaves and survived not only by fighting each other, but also by engaging in combat with wild animals and condemned criminals in huge arenas.
Few of these warriors, whose fate was decided by the assembled crowd of spectators, survived more than 10 battles and lived longer than 30 years.
24. Apaches
Known for their bravery and ferocity in battle, the Apache warriors were undoubtedly a force to be reckoned with. By the time the Apaches surrendered to the United States in 1886, only about 50 warriors remained, including their fearless leader, the now famous Geronimo.
23. Vikings
The Vikings were terrible, especially to their European neighbors, because they were very aggressive and used an unconventional style of fighting, in particular, they used battle axes.
22. French Musketeers
Combining chic with sheer lethality, the Musketeers were a group of elite bodyguards for the King of France. Able to both pierce the enemy on close range, and kill with a shot from afar, they did their job, and they did it well.
21. Spartans
As the Greek historian Thucydides once wrote, when a Spartan went to war, his wife gave him his shield and said, "With a shield or on a shield."
Trained from the age of 7, the boys were taken from their mothers and sent to military training camps. There they faced a number of difficulties, including lack of food and clothing, which often forced them to turn to the path of thieves. If they were caught, they were severely punished - however, not for theft, but for being caught.
20. Medieval knights
The equivalent of a modern tank, the medieval knight was armored and could slither through enemy lines with ease. However, not everyone could obtain the status of a knight, and it was often quite expensive to hold a knighthood. A good war horse could cost as much as a small aircraft.
19. Russian special forces
short for "strength" special purpose", very little is known about these warriors due to the extreme secrecy of their training and operations. However, they managed to create a formidable reputation for themselves as one of the most elite units special purpose in the world.
18. French Foreign Legion
Founded in 1831, the French Foreign Legion is a branch that allows foreign mercenaries to enter the service and fight for French interests around the world.
Having achieved its reputation in pop culture as a place where resentful people go to serve in order to start their lives anew, this is actually an elite fighting force whose members are repeatedly recruited by other armies.
17. Ming Warriors
As one of the first military men to use gunpowder in their ranks, the Ming warriors were a formidable force to be reckoned with and who managed to expand the borders of China.
They were not only ruthless, but also very effective warriors, since each division of the Ming army had to support itself and independently produce food for itself.
16. Mongolian horsemen
The Mongols had only one mission they were focused on - destruction. Their merciless mentality has led them to conquer more of the world than any other empire in the history of mankind. And this is not just because they were skilled riders - they could pierce the heart of the enemy with an arrow at a gallop.
15. Immortals
According to Herodotus, the "Immortals" were a group of heavy infantry, consisting of 10,000 of the strongest... always. It didn't matter how many of them you killed. As soon as one died, another took its place. Ten thousand, no more, no less. This is how they supposedly got their name. It just seemed like they never died.
14. US Army Rangers
Dating back to the days of the colonial army, when American generals combined European technology with Indian warfare tactics, the Rangers are well known for their fearlessness as the world's first light infantry strike force.
13. Rajputs
The word Rajput literally means "son of a king" (or "son of a raj"), so you couldn't just wake up one day and decide to become a Rajput warrior - they had to be born.
These legendary harbingers of death are still active in indian army. There is speculation that their skill is due to the fact that their homeland, Rajasthan, was located right on the border with India, making them their first line of defense against enemy invaders.
12. Comanche
As Jay Redhawk, a Comanche Indian by birth, once said: "We are warriors from birth." With near-legendary status, they are often referred to as "Lords of the Plains". In fact, there are rumors that the Comanches could shoot arrows at their enemy by hanging from the neck of their horse.
11. Centurions
The concept of centurions was revolutionary for its time as it was the first time in history that a human could lead a legitimate life based entirely on warfare and killing. Although, in order to earn such a position, a Roman soldier must go his way through career ladder the most powerful military force on the planet and prove that there is no one better.
10. Zande Warriors
The Zande were a tribe that instilled fear throughout Central Africa with their brutality on the battlefield. They could even grind their teeth to make their appearance even more intimidating, constantly repeating "yum-yum", which is why the neighboring tribes gave them the nickname "great eaters".
9 Israeli commandos
Committed to defending one of the smallest states on the planet from nearly every military force within thousands of miles, the Israel Defense Forces has no other choice - it just has to be good.
Naturally, the best of the best emerge from among the best. Known as the Sayaret or Commandos for short, this elite group of militants never rest when engaging in combat with the enemy.
8 Aztec Warriors
The Aztecs had two targets for attack. Firstly, they needed land to collect tribute, and secondly, they needed captives to be sacrificed during religious ceremonies.
War was such an integral part of their culture that when elected new leader, he had to immediately organize a military campaign to prove his strength.
7 Maori Warriors
With a reputation for eating their enemies to earn their "manu", that is, their respect, the Maori were fierce warriors who performed the "Peruperu" (Peruperu), or war dance, before attacking their enemies to intimidate them and give an idea of the ensuing massacre.
6. Samurai
These Japanese swordsmen lived their lives according to the code of Bushido, which means "the way of the warrior." Although in last years their image is romanticized, were strongly bound by honor.
One notable result of this was seppuku (better known as harakiki), a form of ritual killing in which a warrior rips open his stomach to restore his honor.
5. "Green berets"
Members of the US Army Special Forces, the Green Berets are specialists in unconventional warfare. As dangerous as they are on the battlefield, they must also be very intelligent.
Depending on their assignment, they must be fluent in a certain foreign language, which they learn over several months, while simultaneously undergoing military training.
4. Ninja
These secret agents of feudal Japan specialized in the unorthodox art of war. Often their "anything" mentality was contrasted with the samurai, who followed a strict code of honor and combat. Essentially being spies,
In world history, many civilizations were born and died, but this article discusses the most dangerous and prosperous and their ancient warriors. Not the best side of humanity and history in particular is collected here. In those days, this may have been the norm, but today it seems simply monstrous and unimaginable. You know many civilizations from this rating, some films have been made in which everything is shown with better side but now you will know how it really was. So, from worst to worst in human history, the most fierce ancient warriors and civilizations of the world.
10. Sparta
Sparta was very different from other ancient Greek city-states. The word "Spartan" has come down to us to describe self-denial and simplicity. Spartan life was war. The children were more children of the state than their parents. They were born soldiers, statesmen, strong and disciplined.
Despite the noble portrayal of them in the movie "300" Spartans, they were a very cruel people. To represent: every Spartan male was a soldier. The rest of the work was done by slaves; the Spartans were warriors, that's all. All their lives they fought to the point of physical exhaustion and finally retired at 60. Death betrayed the Spartan into oblivion. The only Spartans who have been commemorated with tombstones are those who died in battle while winning. They and only they had to have graves in order to amaze future generations with heroism. The one who lost the shield was executed. By Spartan logic, the warrior must retrieve it or die trying.
9. Maori
The Maori were the original inhabitants of New Zealand. They built up a reputation for being "for themselves" by actually eating all the intruders up until the 18th century. Maori believed that by devouring the flesh of their enemies, they become stronger, absorbing their best qualities.
They practiced cannibalism during the war. In October 1809, a European ship with convicts was attacked by a large group of cannibal warriors - in retaliation for the cruel treatment of the leader's son. The Māori killed most of the 66 people on board. Victims - both dead and alive - they sent in boats back to the shore, to be eaten. The few "lucky" survivors who were able to take cover were horrified to see their comrades being devoured by the Maori all night long.
8. Vikings
The Vikings were North Germanic people of the sea who raided, traded and settled, exploring, in vast areas of Europe and Asia, as well as the North Atlantic islands from the late 8th to the mid-11th centuries. Notorious for terror and looting throughout Europe.
They were ferocious ancient warriors who never shied away from a fight. Their physical strength was reinforced by their military skills, as well as the use of various types of weapons such as axes, swords and spears. Perhaps their religion can be called military. The Vikings firmly believed that all people have a purpose in this life, and they fought to the death. This was their goal. Each of them was a soldier and fully proved it on the battlefield, sweeping away everything in its path.
7 Apache Tribe
Known for their fearlessness in combat, the Apaches were like America's ninjas. They were not like the Native Americans themselves. With amazingly cunning skills, they were quite adept at using primitive weapons made of bone and stone. Apaches could sneak up behind you, and you would not even have time to realize that your throat was cut. These were the greatest knife fighters the world has ever seen; they were pretty good with the tomahawk, great at throwing axes. They terrorized the southwestern United States, and even the military had problems with them, scalping their victims. How Apache fighters had big success. Today, their descendants train special forces in hand-to-hand combat.
6. Roman Empire
The Roman Empire included almost everything that can now be considered Western Europe. The empire dictated the way of life in the conquered countries. The main countries were conquered England/Wales (then known as Britain), Spain (Hispania), France (Gaul), Greece (Achaia), in the Middle East - Judea and the coastal region of North Africa. Yes, Rome was the greatest empire, but it is impossible to deny the horrors of this empire. criminals, slaves, ancient warriors and others were forced to fight each other to the death in gladiatorial games. Everyone knows the greatest villains of Rome - Nero and Caligula. In AD 64, the first Christians were the object of terrible persecution. Some were torn apart by dogs, others burned alive like human torches. Before becoming an empire, Rome was a republic. The emergence of Rome is allegedly legendary and is associated with a she-wolf who nursed Roma and Remulus. Combined with an excellent military and administrative system, the Roman Empire is one of the longest. Ancient Rome lasted a whopping 2214 years!
5. Mongols
Mongol Empire existed in the 13th and 14th centuries AD and was the largest landowner in the history of mankind. The Mongol Empire emerged from the unification of the Mongol and Turkic tribes under the leadership of Genghis Khan. The Mongols were considered barbarians and savages. Throughout Europe and Asia, they became famous for horseback riding and archery. They were highly disciplined. They used a composite bow, wielded spears and sabers. They were masters psychological warfare and built the second largest empire (after the British). It all started with the fact that Genghis Khan swore in his youth to take over the whole world. He almost made it. Then he set his sights on China, and the rest is history. During the invasion of India, they built a pyramid in front of the walls of Delhi from human heads. They, like the Celts, had a clause about severed heads. The Mongols loved to collect them and catapult them into the camp of the enemy. They did the same with plague corpses. When the Mongols ran into pregnant women, they did…things that we won't discuss here.
Communism is responsible for millions of deaths. Stalin killed 10-60 million people. The Soviet Union was probably one of the greatest enemies of the US. The ideology of total fear.
3. Celts
The Celts lived in the lands from british isles to Galatia. The Celts were in contact with the cultures of multiple neighbors, and there is no written mention of them. The Celts enjoyed a reputation as headhunters. Many Celts fought completely naked and were famous for their long swords. They cut off the heads of their dead enemies and fastened them to the necks of their horses. Bloody trophies the Celts gave to servants and sang hymns. The heads of the most prominent enemies they embalmed and preserved to be proud of. Like, instead of a bag of gold, we got an absolute victory and the head of the enemy. They are the third among the most cruel ancient warriors and civilizations of the world.
2. Aztecs
Aztecs were ethnic group Mexico, who spoke the Nahuatl language (14th-16th centuries). They had a complex theocracy. The Aztecs made human sacrifices. Cannibalism was also encouraged. They killed 20,000 people a year to "make the gods happy." The hearts of the victims were cut out and solemnly eaten. Someone was drowned, beheaded, burned or thrown from a height. And that's not even the worst. According to the rites of the "rain god", children were killed in different places so that their tears could cause rain. During the sacrifice to the "god of fire", a couple of newlyweds were thrown into the fire. In the rite of the "corn goddess" virgins danced for 24 hours, then they were killed and skinned. Aztec priests then carried this skin with them. And at the coronation, Ahuizotl is said to have killed 80,000 people to please his idols.
1. Nazi Germany
The most violent civilization in history. Nazi Germany (Third Reich) refers to Germany in an era when the country turned into a totalitarian state, being under the rule of Adolf Hitler as the leader of the German National Socialist Workers' Party, up to destruction allied forces in May 1945. Despite its short duration, this civilization greatly influenced the world. Nazi Germany started the worst war in human history - World War II. By at least, 4 million people were killed during the Holocaust. The Nazi swastika is perhaps the most hated symbol in the world. Nazi Germany owned about 268,829 square miles of land. Hitler was one of the most powerful people in the history of the world, and his empire was by far the most terrible.
In the history of civilization there have always been military clashes. And each protracted conflict was distinguished by its duration. We bring to your attention the top 10 longest wars in the history of mankind.
Vietnam War
The well-known military conflict between the United States and Vietnam lasted eighteen years (1957-1975). In the history of America, some facts of these events are still hushed up. In Vietnam, this war is considered not only a tragic, but also a heroic period.
The immediate cause of serious clashes was the coming of the Communists to power in China and South Vietnam. Accordingly, the US president no longer wanted to put up with the potential for a communist "domino effect." Therefore, the White House decided to use military force.
American combat units outgunned the Vietnamese. But national army brilliantly used partisan methods in the fight against the enemy.
As a result, the war ended with a mutually beneficial agreement between the states.
North War
Perhaps the most long war in the history of Russia - Northern. In 1700, Russia faced one of the most powerful powers that era - Sweden. The first military failures of Peter I became an incentive for the start of serious transformations. As a result, by 1703 the Russian autocrat had already won a number of victories, after which the entire Neva was in his hands. That is why the tsar decided to establish a new capital there - St. Petersburg.
A little later, the Russian army conquered Dorpat and Narva.
Meanwhile, the Swedish emperor demanded revenge, and in 1708 his units again invaded Russia. It was the beginning of the decline of this northern power.
First, Russian soldiers defeated the Swedes near Lesnaya. And then - and near Poltava, in the decisive battle.
The defeat in this battle put an end not only to the ambitious plans of Charles XII, but also to the prospects of the Swedish "great power".
A few years later the new one sued for peace. The corresponding agreement was concluded in 1721, and for the state it became deplorable. Sweden has practically ceased to be considered a great power. In addition, she lost almost all her possessions.
Peloponnesian conflict
This war lasted twenty-seven years. And such ancient states-polises as Sparta and Athens were involved in it. The conflict itself did not begin spontaneously. In Sparta there was an oligarchic form of government, in Athens - democracy. There was also a kind of cultural confrontation. In general, these two strong leader could no longer meet on the battlefield.
The Athenians made sea raids on the shores of the Peloponnese. The Spartans also invaded the territory of Attica.
After some time, both warring parties entered into a peace treaty, but a few years later Athens violated the terms. And the hostilities began again.
In general, the Athenians lost. So, they were defeated at Syracuse. Then, with the support of Persia, Sparta managed to build its own fleet. This flotilla finally defeated the enemy at Egospotami.
The main outcome of the war was the loss of all Athenian colonies. In addition, the policy itself was forced to join the Spartan Union.
A war that lasted three decades
For three decades (1618-1648), literally all European powers took part in religious clashes. It all started with a conflict between German Protestants and Catholics, after which this local incident turned into a large-scale war in Europe. Note that Russia was also involved in this conflict. Only Switzerland remained neutral.
During the years of this merciless war, the number of inhabitants of Germany decreased by several orders of magnitude!
By the end of the clashes, the warring parties concluded a peace treaty. The result of this document was the formation independent state- The Netherlands.
The clash of factions of the British aristocracy
In medieval England in the second half of the 15th century, there were active hostilities. Contemporaries called them the war of the Scarlet and White Roses. In fact, it was a series of civil wars, which, in general, lasted 33 years. It was a confrontation between factions of the aristocracy for power. The main participants in the conflict were representatives of the Lancaster and York branches.
Years later, after numerous battles in the war, the Lancasters won. But after some time, a representative of the Tudor dynasty came to the throne. This royal family ruled for nearly 120 years.
Liberation in Guatemala
The Guatemalan conflict lasted thirty-six years (1960-1996). It was a civil war. The opposing sides are representatives of Indian tribes, primarily the Maya, and the Spaniards.
The fact is that in Guatemala in the 50s, with the support of the United States, coup d'état. Members of the opposition began to form a rebel army. liberation movement expanded. The partisans repeatedly managed to occupy cities and villages. As a rule, governing bodies were created immediately.
Meanwhile, the war dragged on. The Guatemalan authorities acknowledged that military decision this conflict impossible. As a result, peace was concluded, which was the official protection of 23 groups of Indians in the country.
In general, about 200 thousand people died during the war, most of them Mayans. Approximately another 150,000 are considered missing.
Half century conflict
The war between the Persians and the Greeks lasted half a century (499-449 BC). By the beginning of the conflict, Persia was considered a powerful and warlike power. Greece or Hellas as such did not exist at all on the map of the Ancient World. There were only fragmented policies (city-states). They seemed unable to resist the great Persia.
Be that as it may, suddenly the Persians began to suffer crushing defeats. Moreover, the Greeks were able to agree on joint military operations.
At the end of the war, Persia was forced to recognize the independence of the Greek cities. In addition, she had to give up the occupied territories.
And Hellas was waiting for an unprecedented rise. The country then began to enter a period of highest prosperity. She had already laid the foundations of culture, which later the whole world began to follow.
A war that lasted one century
What is the longest war in history? You will learn more about this later. But the century-old conflict between England and France was among the record holders. In fact, it lasted more than one century - 116 years. The fact is that both sides were forced to agree to a truce in this long battle. The reason was the plague.
At that time, both states were regional leaders. They had powerful armies and serious allies.
Initially, England began hostilities. The island kingdom sought to regain, first of all, Anjou, Maine and Normandy. French side wanted to drive the British out of Aquitaine. Thus, she tried to unite all her territories.
The French formed their militia. The British used hired soldiers for military operations.
In 1431, the legendary Joan of Arc, who was a symbol of French freedom, was executed. After that, the militias began, above all, to use guerrilla methods in the fight. As a result, years later, war-weary England conceded defeat, losing almost all possessions on French territory.
Punic War
At the very beginning of the history of Roman civilization, Rome managed to practically subjugate all of Italy. By this time, the Romans wanted to extend their influence to the territory of the rich island of Sicily. These interests were also pursued by the powerful trading power of Carthage. The inhabitants of ancient Rome called the Carthaginians the Puns. As a result, hostilities began between these countries.
One of the longest wars in the world lasted 118 years. Indeed, active fighting lasted four decades. The rest of the war went on in a kind of sluggish phase.
Ultimately, Carthage was defeated and destroyed. Note that over the years of the war, about a million people died, which was a lot for those times ...
335 year strange war
The obvious record holder for the duration was the war between the Scilly archipelago and the Netherlands. How long was the longest war in history? It lasted more than three centuries and was very different from other military conflicts. At least the fact that for all 335 years the opponents have not been able to shoot at each other.
In the first half XVII century The Second Civil War was going on in England. The famous defeated the royalists. Fleeing from the chase, the losers arrived on the shores of the Scilly archipelago, which belonged to a prominent royalist.
Meanwhile, part of the Dutch fleet decided to support Cromwell. They hoped for an easy victory, but this did not happen. After the defeat, the Dutch authorities demanded compensation. The royalists responded with a categorical refusal. Then, at the end of March 1651, the Dutch officially declared war on Scilly, after which ... they returned home.
A little later, the royalists were persuaded to surrender. But this strange "war" officially continued. It ended only in 1985, when it was discovered that formally Scilly is still at war with Holland. On the next year this misunderstanding was settled and the two countries were able to sign a peace treaty...
