Transbaikal Cossack army. Brief historical

Transbaikal Cossacks or Transbaikal Cossack Host - ethnic group Russians in Transbaikalia. Seniority from August 20, 1655. Military headquarters - in the townRead. Military holiday, military circle- March 17, the day of St. Alexis the man of God.

Colors and banners of the Transbaikal Cossack army

Trans-Baikal Cossacks traditionally wore yellow stripes, shoulder straps and bands and dark green uniforms.

The Cossack banner was a cloth military colors with the image of the face of the Savior Not Made by Hands. On the banner was the inscription: "God is with us."

History of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

backbone Transbaikal Cossacks amounted to Don Cossacks, which appeared in Transbaikalia around 1639. In 1654, the Cossacks of Peter Beketov founded Nerchinsk. The Buryats (4 regiments) and Tunguses (500 people = 1 regiment) were organized on the model of the Cossack army, which later merged with the Cossacks. A distinctive feature of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks was the fact that, along with Orthodoxy, some of them (mainly of origin) professed Lamaism

The Trans-Baikal Cossack Army was formed on March 17, 1851 by order of Emperor Nicholas I, at the suggestion of the Governor General N. N. Muravyov-Amursky, on the territory of Transbaikalia from part of the Siberian Cossacks, Buryats, Evenki military formations and the peasant population of some areas as part of 3 cavalry regiments and 3 foot brigades ( 1st, 2nd, 3rd Russian regiments, 4th Tungus (Evenki) regiment and 5th and 6th Buryat regiments). Carried out protection of the border with China and internal service.

In 1854, the Trans-Baikal Cossacks rafted down the Amur River and established border posts along the border with China. 1858 from Transbaikal was allocated Amur Cossack army.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Trans-Baikal Cossacks fielded in peacetime 1 fifty guards, 4 cavalry regiments and 2 batteries; to the First world war put up 1 fifty guards, 9 cavalry regiments, 4 batteries and 3 spare hundreds.

In 1916, the Cossack population of the Transbaikal Cossack Army was 265 thousand people, 14.5 thousand were in military service. Participated in the suppression of the Ihetuan uprising of 1899-1901, in the Russian-Japanese 1904-1905 and the First World War.

During the Civil War of 1918-20, part of the Cossacks actively fought against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Ataman G. M. Semyonov and Baron Ungern, some Cossacks supported the Reds.

In 1920, the Transbaikal Cossack army, like other Cossack troops in the USSR, was liquidated Soviet power. After the defeat of Semyonov, approximately 15% of the Cossacks, together with their families, left for Manchuria, where they settled, creating their own villages (Three Rivers). In China, at first they disturbed the Soviet border with raids, and then closed up and lived their own life until 1945 (the offensive of the Soviet Army). Then some of them emigrated to Australia (Queensland). Some in the 1960s returned to the USSR and were settled in Kazakhstan. The descendants of mixed marriages remained in China.

Modernity

In the era of Soviet perestroika, the revival of the Transbaikal Cossacks began. In 1990, the Bolshoi was convened in Moscow Cossack circle, where, among others, it was decided to recreate the Trans-Baikal Cossack army. In 1991, the song and dance ensemble "Transbaikal Cossacks" was formed. In 2010, Sergei Bobrov was elected Ataman of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army in Chita. March 30, 2011 Transbaikal Cossacks celebrated the 160th anniversary of their army.

Structure Transbaikal Cossack Army

At the head of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army was the chief ataman, who was subordinate to the Governor-General of Siberia. Ataman combined the rights of the head of the division and the governor. Under him, two committees were established: military duty (for conducting military affairs) and military government (for conducting economic affairs). Supreme form The organization of the Cossacks was a brigade (there were 6 brigades in total), which was divided into regiments (500-600 fighters), and those into hundreds.

The regiments were named after the central settlement: Argunsky, Verkhneudinsky, Chitinsky, Nerchinsky.

Territorial location

1st Division

Atamano-Nikolaevskaya (Kharatsai) village,
Zhelturinskaya village,
Kudarinskaya station,
Menzinsky village,
Murochinsky village,
Ust Urluk village,
Tsagan Usun village,
Tsakirskaya village,
Sharagolskaya village,
Arakiretskaya village,
Borgoyskaya village,
Verkhneudinskaya village,
Gygetui village,
Selenginsky village,
Kharyas village,
Yangazhinskaya station.

2nd Division

Aksha station,
bukukun station,
Verkhneulkhunskaya village,
Duroevskaya village,
Durulguevskaya village,
Zorgolskaya village,
Mangutskaya village,
Mogoytuevskaya village,
Tsagan-Oluevskaya village,
Chindantskaya 2nd village,
Chindant-Grodskovskaya village,
Ulyatuevskaya village,
Byrkinskaya village,
Doninskaya village,
Kalginskaya village,
Mankechurskaya station.

3rd Division

Botovskaya village
Zhitkinskaya village
Ildikan village
Kurlychenskaya village
Kulakovskaya village
Kuengskaya village
Kular village
Lomovskaya village
Mitrofanovskaya village - (Shilka)
Novotroitskaya village
Sretenskaya village
Torginskaya village
Ust-Telengui village
Undinsky village
Kaydalovskaya village
Makkoveevskaya village
Razmakhninskaya village
Titovskaya village

The Trans-Baikal Cossacks were the stronghold of Russian statehood on the farthest borders of our Motherland. Unprecedented courage, determination and training made them formidable force capable of resisting the best units of the enemy.

The first prisons

Transbaikalian Cossacks trace their history back to the 40s of the 17th century, when the first Don and Siberian Cossacks appeared in Transbaikalia. Ownership of territories in the area of Lake Baikal opened up new opportunities for the Russian state - this is the control of borders with its eastern neighbors, the development of silver mines, the wealth of which has long been legendary, as well as accountability local residents- Tungus and Buryats. As before, the Cossacks played the main role in the development of new lands.

Siberia, Orenburg, Urals were annexed to Russian state the hands of the Cossacks. The first prisons along the Lena and Angara rivers were founded by the Cossacks of Ataman M. Perfilyev and P. Beketov. By the way, among the first Cossack explorers was famous traveler and navigator Semyon Dezhnev.

Cossack army

For the first time, Cossacks under the leadership of Kurbat Ivanov reached Baikal. Since that time, a large-scale settlement by the Cossacks of Transbaikalia begins, the establishment of friendly ties with the natives and their inclusion in the new army. In 1649, the campaign of Erofei Khabarov was marked by the annexation of the Amur region to Russia, and in 1653, the Chita prison was built by the Cossack Peter Beketov, which in the future will become the capital of the Transbaikal Cossack army. So the territory of Russia multiplied. The further advance of the Cossack troops to the east required the creation of a military stronghold on Baikal. To do this, Cossack regiments are organized in prisons and towns, and in the second half of the 18th century a “border Cossack army” was formed.

To strengthen the troops in 1775, regiments of Buryats were created. However, the absence of an official border with Mongolia and complicated relations with Manchuria suggested that a full-fledged Cossack army should exist in Transbaikalia. It must be said that by the beginning of the 19th century, a line of Cossack prisons was built on the eastern borders, and “watchmen” towered at the forefront - observation towers, where 4-6 Cossacks served around the clock.

For reconnaissance, each border town sent one or two villages to the steppe, numbering from 25 to 100 people. Thus, the forces of the Cossacks created a mobile border line, which could notify about the approach of the enemy, but also independently repulse the enemy. But there were not enough Cossack villages for the entire border line. Therefore, the Russian government is taking measures to resettle Cossacks and other "walking" people from nearby cities to the border guards. Since then, the number of Cossacks in Transbaikalia has increased dramatically. Officially, the Transbaikal Cossack Army was formed on March 17, 1851.

The project for the creation of troops was sent to the Minister of War and the sovereign by the Governor-General N. N. Muravyov, who led active work to create a strong army on the outskirts of a vast empire. The basis of the army included Siberian and Don Cossacks, Buryat-Tungus formations and the peasant population of Transbaikalia. Thanks to the activities of Muravyov in Transbaikalia, the regular strength of the troops reached 18 thousand Cossacks. Each of them began service at 17 and retired at 58.

Border guards

The whole life of the Trans-Baikal Cossack was connected with the border. Here he lived, raised children, served, guarded, fought and died. Only in 1866, by the highest imperial decree, the period of active military service was set at 22 years. The internal management of the army copied the charter on the military service of the Donskoy army region. Abaikalian Cossacks took part in all military conflicts in the East of Russia: they reached Beijing in the Chinese campaign, bravely fought at Mukden and in Port Arthur in the Russo-Japanese War, World War I and many others. Cossacks in dark green uniforms and yellow stripes became an example of courage, they were even afraid japanese samurai who did not dare to attack a detachment of Cossacks without a significant advantage in the number of fighters. By 1917, the Trans-Baikal Cossack army included more than 260 thousand people, 12 villages. 69 farms and 15 settlements. However, in the Civil War, the Transbaikalians resolutely opposed the Soviet power, and in the 1920s they emigrated to China, where they formed one of the largest colonies in Harbin.

A few years ago in Chita, the capital of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army, a monument was unveiled to the founder of the city, Cossack Pyotr Beketov. This is how the history of a large country, which is associated with the names of ordinary Cossacks, is restored.

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of course, you can talk and talk about the Cossacks of Transbaikalia, so I will only allow myself a brief historical overview

TRANSBAIKAL COSSACK ARMY
Military Holiday - March 17, Day of Alexei the Man of God.
Seniority has been established since 1655.

The Transbaikal Cossacks trace their origins from the glorious squads of Yermak, from the Cossacks of the Siberian army. In 1638, a detachment of Siberian Cossacks, Ataman Maxim Perfilyev, began the development of the Daurian lands. However, only in 1644 the Russian "eager people" of the tsarist service army and archers under the leadership of ataman Vasily Kolesnikov penetrated the Trans-Baikal Territory.

The colonization of Transbaikalia, as well as the whole of Siberia, took place according to a certain scheme - Russian colonists and Cossacks built small fortresses - prisons. A Cossack community developed around the prison, and relations with the local indigenous people were established. The first prison on the territory of Transbaikalia - Barguzinsky - was founded by the Cossacks of Ataman Ivan Galkin in 1648. Then the colonization went more actively. Already in 1650, the detachment of Yerofey Khabarov reached the confluence of the Shilka and Argun rivers and laid the Ust-Arrow prison. From the Barguzinsky prison, the Cossacks conducted active reconnaissance of Lake Irgen and the Ingoda River.

In 1652, the Yenisei governor Afanasy Pashkov sent the first large military expedition under the leadership of the centurion Peter Ivanovich Beketov. In two years, Beketov's Cossacks reached the mouth of the Nercha River, on the way establishing the Irgen prison for wintering. The colonization of the Ingoda River ended with the construction on it in the autumn of 1652 of the New Sovereign's winter quarters. Successes in the colonization of the region led to the fact that in August 1655, the royal charter of Alexei Mikhailovich ordered "Afanasy Pashkov with his son Yeremey to be in the sovereign's service in the new Daurian land." In 1658, the Nerchinsk province was formed, and Afanasy Pashkov, who settled in Nerchinsk, was appointed governor there. Much later, in 1681, Argun prison was founded by Ignatius Milovanov. However, only in August 1689, Fyodor Golovin managed to formalize relations between Russia and China by signing the Nerchinsk Treaty and for the first time clearly establishing the Russian-Chinese border. In 1727, the government of Catherine the Great, following the will of Peter the Great, sent an embassy to Beijing headed by Count Savva Raguzinsky, an ambassador extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary. In August of the same year, on the Bure River, the count signed a new treatise with the Beijing court, the main provisions of which were later approved in Kyakhta. Thus, not only the border was approved, but also foreign trade relations with the Celestial Empire were developed.

The new border required proper protection, and in 1728 Savva Raguzinsky founded 11 border guards in Transbaikalia, placing the hardships of another sovereign service on the local Cossack communities. However, only in December 1731, the Irkutsk office issued a corresponding Decree and determined the order of service of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks on the border. During this time, two more border guards were founded. Since 1752, a new turn took place in the life of the Cossack communities in Transbaikalia - the Cossacks began to be trained in military affairs. military regulations. In 1755, the first combat regiment was formed from the Cossacks of Transbaikalia - Yakut - consisting of three battalions and a dragoon company. In the future, the regiment in full force participated in the protection of the border. However, there were few Cossack settlers in Transbaikalia at that time, and in the early 60s of the 18th century two Tunguska five-hundred cavalry regiments were formed. It was the equestrian Tungus, the Nerchinsk equestrian Cossack team and the soldiers of the Yakut regiment that formed the basis of the border Transbaikal Cossacks.

In July 1764, the Governing Senate of the Russian Empire, by its Decree, decided to create four six hundred regiments from the Buryats living in the Transbaikal region to guard the border with Mongolia. To strengthen the border itself, the Russian authorities built a wooden fortress Aksha. After another 8 years, the Irkutsk governor ordered the formation of six Russian Cossack teams united in two regiments. 71 posts were established on the border (8 fortresses and 63 guards). At the end of the century, Transbaikalia became a place of exile - Yaik Cossacks and Polish confederates settled here. The territory occupied by the Transbaikalian Cossacks continues to strengthen: a fortress is being built, new Cossack settlements and two border guards are being built. In August 1800, seven clans of the Selenga Buryats were granted one banner each. Further fermentation among the Yaik Cossacks led to the fact that in 1809 26 families of Old Believer Cossacks were exiled to Nerchinsk Zavod. The Siberian Code of Count Speransky, published in 1822, marks the division of the Cossacks of Siberia into sentry, border and stanitsa. At the same time, the Nerchinsk and Verkhneudinsk Cossack city teams were merged into the Trans-Baikal City Cossack Regiment.

The reign of Nicholas I was an era of great changes in the life of the Cossack communities Trans-Baikal Territory. So in 1842, all the Siberian city regiments came under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War and it was decided to draw up a new regulation on the Cossacks of Siberia. In September 1847, Governor General Eastern Siberia appointed Major General Nikolai Nikolaevich Muravyov. The new head of the region did not fail to express his opinion on the state of affairs in Transbaikalia and already in December 1849 submitted to St. Petersburg a project for the creation of the Transbaikal Cossack army. It should be noted that the new governor of Irkutsk was far from the first to propose reforming the life of the Cossack communities in Transbaikalia. So, according to Colonel Ladyzhensky, who, returning from China in 1832, examined the border, the management of the city regiments by civilian officials was ineffective.

"The Trans-Baikal Territory is not only completely unsecured from the outside, but its internal protection is far from meeting the need and the type of population" - such was the colonel's disappointing conclusion. However, the “Remarks” compiled by Ladyzhensky were ignored by his superiors. In general, projects similar to Muravyov's proposal have been put forward more than once. So in 1832, part of the Transbaikal Cossacks from the local Buryats submitted a petition to the Sovereign to transfer them to the yasak class. Therefore, for the Trans-Baikal Territory, it was considered expedient to abolish the “foreign” regiments and strengthen Russian colonization. However, as a result, Muravyov's point of view won out and by the Decree of March 17, 1851, Emperor Nicholas I formed the Transbaikal Cossack Army (ZKV) consisting of: 1st, 2nd, 3rd Russian regiments, 4th Tungus regiment and 5th and the 6th Buryat regiments. The army was controlled and served on the grounds set forth in the special Regulations. According to the census at that time, there were 52,350 male souls in the ZKV. The city of Chita was appointed as the main headquarters of the Troops. The villages and settlements were united into eight districts: Chitinsky, Akmola, Barguzinsky, Verkhe-Udinsky, Nerchinsky, Nerchinsko-Zavodskoy, Selenginsky and Troitsko-Savsky.

In the same year, the Regulations on the foot battalions of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army, consisting of 12 battalions, were approved, and Chita was elevated to the rank of a regional city of the established Trans-Baikal Region. Already on October 23, 1751, the first governor of the Transbaikal region, Major General Pavel Ivanovich Zapolsky, took office. He also became the first ataman of the Transbaikal Cossack army. On the next year Banners were granted to four Russian cavalry regiments and 12 foot battalions. In addition to serving in the regiments of the protection of the Chinese border, the population of the Transbaikal region was engaged in hunting, fishing, cattle breeding and arable farming, which, however, could not reach high level due to unfavorable climatic conditions. Frost in some areas reached 50 Celsius, and hurricane winds in winter often blew away not only snow, but also the topsoil. Therefore, only spring grains were sown with poor yields.

In May 1854, the first "rafting" of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks to the Amur Territory was made under the leadership of N.N. Muravyov with the aim of developing the local territory. The following year, three more "alloys" along the Amur were made from Sretensk: 113 barges and 2,500 troops. During Crimean War In October 1855, the Cossacks of the Trans-Baikal Army successfully repulsed the Anglo-French landing in the Gulf of de Castries. At the same time, the Army was enlarged by the enrollment of indefinite leave of lower ranks and soldier's widows with their families.

In the winter of 1855, Colonel Mikhail Semenovich Korsakov was appointed the new governor of the Trans-Baikal region and the appointed ataman of the ZKV, and for the heroism shown in the de-Kastri area, the Cossack of the Purinsky village of the Mankechurskaya village, Peter Taskin, became the first Knight of St. George within the ZKV. In the summer of 1857, a horse-artillery brigade consisting of two batteries was established under the Russian Cossack regiments. From the spring of next year, vicious (penal) lower army ranks began to be enrolled in the Transbaikal Army. In December 1858, the Amur Cossack Army was created from the Cossack communities on the Amur River.

In the winter of 1871, stanitsa self-government was introduced in the Trans-Baikal Cossack Host. Such a late return to Cossack democracy was explained primarily by the fact that the army was formed by decision of the tsarist administration and represented primarily special military settlements of Russians and foreigners. The following year, the Cossack districts of the Troops were consolidated into three military departments, and then a new Regulation on the service of the Transbaikalians was approved. According to it, the Army in wartime put under arms 6 cavalry regiments, 9 foot battalions and 2 batteries of horse artillery. In peacetime, the service of the Troops was limited to the formation of two training parts(equestrian division and foot battalion) and maintenance of the wartime artillery park. In 1878, in connection with the approval of the Charter on military service, the composition of the Transbaikal Cossack army was changed and a new provision on service was introduced. Ten years later, the division of the Army into foot and horse departments was canceled.

In December 1890, the highest order of the Transbaikal Army established the day of the military holiday - March 17th. In the summer of 1891, Tsarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich visited the Trans-Baikal region on his way from the Far East. The following year, a single uniform was introduced for all Cossack troops in Russia. In Transbaikalia, yellow stripes and cap bands were introduced. In April 1895, all combat units of the ZKV were mobilized in connection with the Japanese aggression in China and Korea. However, already in May, relations with Japan were settled, which led to the demobilization of preferential units of the Army. In the same year, the Buryat Cossack settlements finally gained stanitsa self-government. In the period 1896 - 1898. the reorganization of the life of the Transbaikal army was in full swing: the foot battalions were transformed into horse regiments, all units of the first stage were transformed into three horse regiments - the 1st Nerchinsk, 1st Verkhneudinsky and 1st Chita regiments of the ZKV. At the same time, the fourth military department of the Army was created, and the post of chief ataman was combined with the post of military governor.

On August 12, 1899, the Army received its Orthodox shrine - a military Cathedral Holy Blessed Prince Alexander Nevsky. At the end of the 19th century, the Army established one scholarship for its student in Military Medical Academy, 2 scholarships at the Irkutsk Technical School and 4 scholarships at the Chita Gymnasium. The beginning of the new century was marked by an increase in the military power of the Transbaikal Cossack army. From 7.8 and 9 hundreds of the Nerchinsk regiment and three newly formed hundreds, a priority regiment was made up, called the 1st Argun regiment of the ZKV, then the 2nd Chita regiment and the 4th Transbaikal Cossack battery were formed. On June 11, 1900, the mobilization of the entire Transbaikal army was announced. Cossack units from Transbaikalia were transferred to China and for about a year participated in the suppression of the "Boxer uprising". February 19, 1903 For the exploits shown during the campaign in China in 1900-1901, the Transbaikal Cossack army was granted a simple military banner, and individual hundreds of batteries and battalions of Transbaikalians received insignia for headgear.

In the period up to the Russo-Japanese War, the Trans-Baikal Cossack units were again reorganized. The 2nd Nerchinsk and 2nd Argun Cossack regiments were formed. The 1st Verkhneudinsky, the 1st Chita and the first Cossack battery were consolidated into a Separate Trans-Baikal Cossack brigade, and all the Cossack regiments of the troops with the second numbers, the 3rd and 4th batteries - to the Trans-Baikal Cossack division. In general, at the beginning of the century, the military estate consisted of 91 thousand male souls and 89 thousand female souls. Of these, according to religion, 25 thousand people were Buddhists, and the rest were Christians. By the way, the Cossacks of the Buddhist religion who were in active service were exempted from official duties on their religious holidays. In 1904, the ataman's notch was granted to the troops.

With the beginning of the Russian-Japanese military conflict, the Trans-Baikal region was transferred to martial law, and the Cossacks fought valiantly as part of the Russian armies in Manchuria. However, the tsarist government sought to use the Cossacks not only as a military force, but also as a police force. So the Cossacks of General P.K. Rennenkampf were sent in January 1905 from Harbin to revolutionary Chita to liquidate the "Chita Republic". At the end of the war, the merits of many units of the Army were appreciated by Russia and the monarch - many regiments and batteries were awarded badges for headdresses and St. George's banners.

In 1906, the Trans-Baikal Cossack Host suffered new organizational changes. The first Chita, Verkhneudinsky, Nerchinsky and Argunsky regiments were transferred to the peacetime state, and the second Chita, Verkhneudinsky, Nerchinsky and Argunsky regiments were completely disbanded. The Trans-Baikal Cossack army became part of the Irkutsk military district and was under the jurisdiction of the chief ataman of the ZKV, who was also the commander of the troops of the Irkutsk military district. Service was established in the Guards of the Trans-Baikal Fifty as part of the 4th (consolidated) hundred of the Life Guards of the Consolidated Cossack Regiment. In 1907, for the Russian-Japanese company, some parts of the Troops were granted St. silver pipes, and in 1908 as a reward for "faithful and zealous service" both in wartime and in peacetime lower ranks combat units were granted the highest single white buttonholes on the collars and cuffs of uniforms. In 1909, the Cossack population of the Trans-Baikal region was exempted from paying zemstvo dues. In the autumn of 1913, the Provisional Regulations on the management of military forests, which were one of the main wealth of the region, were approved. However, the First World War intervened in the peaceful measured life of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks.

By the beginning of 1914, the male Cossack population was 132,005 people, ready for service - 35,204. The active military service consisted of: generals, headquarters and chief officers - 253, Cossacks - 11.411, a total of 11.664 people, or 9.5% of the male population of the military class. This consisted of three cavalry regiments, six foot battalions and 5 six-gun batteries. With the announcement of mobilization, according to the mobilization schedule of 1910, in the units of the ZKV there were: generals, headquarters and chief officers - 256, Cossacks - 11.667 and horses - 12.465. In 1915, the 2nd Chita, 2nd Argun, 2nd Nerchinsky and 3rd Verkhneudinsky regiments, the 2nd and 4th Trans-Baikal Cossack artillery batteries took part in the battles on the Caucasian front.
The 1st Chita, 1st Nerchinsk, 1st and 2nd Verkhneudinsk and 1st Argun regiments, 1st and 3rd Transbaikal Cossack artillery batteries took part in the battles on Western front. In 1916, it was these Trans-Baikal units that took part in the famous Brusilov breakthrough, and the 1st Chita Regiment fell under the German gas attack on the river Stokhod.

The stormy year of 1917 can be seen in many ways. The last governor of the Trans-Baikal region and appointed chieftain of the Troops, Lieutenant-General Vladimir Andreevich Mustafin, who was appointed by the imperial authorities, did not have time to take office. At the front after February Revolution The 1st Trans-Baikal Cossack Division swore allegiance to the Provisional Government. The military holiday for the first time in the entire existence of the army was held without a parade.

In March, the General Cossack Congress was held in Petrograd, at which Colonel I.F. Shilnikov and the Cossack of the 1st Verkhneudinsky regiment Samoilov. The creation of the "Union of Cossack Troops" was proclaimed. The congress declared support for the Provisional Government and the inviolability of the Cossack way of life. On March 26, the "Union of Cossacks" was formed in Chita. On April 16, the First Regional Cossack Congress began its work in Chita, which decided to liquidate the Cossack estate. The chairman of the congress was the Social Democrat A.A. Voiloshnikov. However, already on April 28, a telegram arrived from the Cossacks of the 1st Chita Regiment about a strong protest against the abolition of the Cossacks.

By the way, it was the 1st Chita Regiment that refused to comply with the order to surrender the royal banners and remove the monograms. On August 18, the Second Regional Cossack Congress began its work in Chita, which restored the Transbaikal Cossack Host. By the way, the Buryat department was first formed as part of the Army. Yesaul G.M. took part in the work of the congress. Semyonov and tried to justify the right of the Cossacks to be called a people. The congress elected Colonel Vasily Vasilyevich Zimin as the first elected ataman. In November, elections to the Constituent Assembly of Russia were held in the Trans-Baikal Region. The Cossack list received 14.3% of the vote (3rd place). Around this time, Yesaul Semenov began the formation of the Mongol-Buryat regiment, which was then deployed to the OMO - the Special Manchurian Detachment. And the end of the turbulent revolutionary year passed in skirmishes between Semyonov's units and the revolutionary garrisons of the Trans-Baikal region. In December, the 1st Trans-Baikal Cossack Division, after the conclusion of the Brest-Litovsk truce, went to Transbaikalia, which immediately changed the overall balance of power.

In February 1918, the pro-Bolshevik-minded 2nd Chita Regiment arrived in Chita and, together with the Red Guards, occupied all strategic facilities. The Chita People's Council was dissolved. The Chita executive committee announced the establishment of Soviet power in Chita and the region. Power temporarily passed to the Committee of Soviet Organizations. To fight Semenov, the Transbaikal Front was formed. In March 1917, the third regional Cossack congress again liquidated the Trans-Baikal Cossack Host. In May, Central Siberia announced G.M. Semenov outside the law. By June, units of the OMO were driven out to Manchuria, but already on August 24, the mobilized Cossacks of the Titovskaya village rebelled against Soviet power in Chita; Trukhin. At the end of August, at the Olovyannaya station of the OMO and Japanese army met with the troops of the Provisional Siberian Government and the Czechoslovak Corps.

The commander of the Central Siberian Corps, Lieutenant General A.N. Pepelyaev canceled the decision of the Third Regional Cossack Congress and restored the Transbaikal Cossack Host. V. V. Zimin again took up the post of Army Ataman. After the entry into Chita of Semyonov's troops, he is declared the Marching Ataman of the Army. On the same days, the Military Board was formed and atamans of four departments were appointed. On the basis of OMO units, the first Trans-Baikal Cossack division was formed and native corps Baron Ungern. All military units in Transbaikalia, by decision of Admiral Kolchak, entered the fifth Amur Corps, headed by G. M. Semenov, with his production immediately to lieutenant general.

However, already at the beginning of 1919, a conflict flared up between Kolchak and Semenov - the admiral even accuses Grigory Mikhailovich of treason. At the same time, a partisan movement arose and expanded in Transbaikalia. In these difficult conditions, it was necessary to act decisively, but at the same time wisely. Therefore, on May 1, 1919, the Supreme Ruler of Russia, A.V. Kolchak, gave a Diploma to the Cossack troops with a guarantee of the ways of Cossack life, lands, etc. The Cossacks in Siberia were the core of Russian society and the admiral could not ignore the mood of the Cossack communities. However, events in Transbaikalia continued to develop rapidly. On May 16, 1919, Semyonov declared Transbaikalia a theater of military operations. Four new Cossack regiments (5 - 8th) were formed, which were consolidated into the second Trans-Baikal Cossack division of Major General Shemelin.

Under these conditions, on May 20 in Chita, the Troop Ataman V.V. Zimin opened the Third Great Circle of Xena. The circle, supporting the white regime, condemned repression and violations of the law. On May 25, 1919, Kolchak officially dropped all charges against Pokhodny Ataman Semenov and appointed him commander of the 6th East Siberian Corps, thereby recognizing the authority of Grigory Mikhailovich in the region. And already on June 9, Semenov was elected Troop Ataman of the ZKV. The situation in the region was heating up: regular units (the 1st and 2nd Trans-Baikal Cossack regiments) began to go over to the side of the partisans. Under these conditions, on October 3, 1919, the General Cossack Congress of the Orenburg, Transbaikal, Siberian, Yenisei, Bashkir and Semirechensk Cossacks opened in Chita, and at the end of October the publication of the newspaper "Cossack Echo" began in Chita. However peaceful life the Cossacks of Transbaikalia were not allowed to build and the number of Cossack regiments was increased to 14, due to the fact that hundreds of self-protective Cossack villages of the Transbaikal region were brought into regiments. Already in the autumn of 1919, Admiral Kolchak announced the formation of the Chita military district, then renamed the Trans-Baikal.

Finally, on January 4, 1920, the Supreme Ruler of Russia A.V. Kolchak signed the Decree on the transfer of G.M. Semenov of the entirety of civil and military power in the territory of the Far Eastern Outskirts. In early February, units of General Kappel first made their way into Transbaikalia, followed by the Transbaikal group of Soviet troops, which soon occupied Verkhneudinsk. Almost simultaneously, the Fourth Cossack Circle was held in Chita and the congress of workers of the Baikal region in Verkhneudinsk. The influence of the Army Ataman and the rule of the Xena was rapidly declining.

In Verkhneudinsk, a decision was made to create the Far Eastern Republic (FER). The FER government was headed by the communist Alexander Mikhailovich Krasnoshchekov, and already on April 10, the troops of the People's Revolutionary Army (NRA) of the FER went on the offensive against Chita. Nevertheless, the second front-line congress of partisans did not recognize the FER. But right at this moment main ally Ataman Semenov japanese emperor began negotiations with the Krasnoshchekov government. Semyonov was faced with the need for some democratic reforms, and at the beginning of June 1920, the Regional People's Assembly, the parliament of the Far East, opened in Chita. By mid-July, the Japanese began to withdraw their troops from Russian territory. In such a situation, the fate of the White Cause in the Far East was sealed. Already on November 21, 1920, parts of the ataman G.M. Semyonov went to the territory of China. Even earlier, Baron Ungern with the native units went to the territory of Mongolia.
On April 26, 1921, the government of the Far Eastern Republic was elected. The FER Constitution abolished the division into estates. On this, the Transbaikal Cossacks ceased to exist on the territory of Transbaikalia. In the period 1922-1945. on the territory of Northern Manchuria by ataman G.M. Semenov organized Cossack villages, united in 19 villages with traditional Cossack self-government and way of life. The "Union of Cossacks in the Far East" was formed under the command of Lieutenant General Alexei Proklovich Baksheev.
In November 1922, in honor of the fifth anniversary of Soviet power, an amnesty was announced and part of the Cossacks from Manchuria returned to Transbaikalia. Since that time, mutual raids of the red partisans and Semenovites began, often accompanied by special cruelty. So on September 1, 1929, the Soviet expeditionary detachment under the command of Moses Zhuch shot the entire male population (from 14 years old) of the Tynykha village of the Naijin-Bulak village in Manchuria (76 people died). The Soviet period in the history of Russia began - a period of open genocide against its own people. Collectivization in Transbaikalia led to uprisings and a mass exodus of the Cossacks to Manchuria. In response, the Power of the Soviets began to carry out mass repressions and the expulsion of Cossacks to the taiga jungle of the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the steppes of Kazakhstan. Moreover, Moloch of repressions did not make any special distinctions - both the former Semenovites and the former Red partisans suffered equally.
In August 1945 began new round history of the Transbaikal Cossacks. Soviet troops occupied Northern Manchuria and abolished Cossack self-government and division into villages. The stanitsa atamans and many of the Cossacks turned out to be prisoners of the Gulag. On August 30, 1946, Lieutenant General and Army Ataman of the ZKV G.M. Semenov was executed in Moscow. In January 1949, the Russian emigration was deported from Shanghai. Many of the Cossacks settled in the USA and Australia. There are still villages and communities of the Trans-Baikal Cossacks.

In 1990, after the Union of Cossacks was formed in Moscow, the revival of traditional Cossack troops began throughout the country. On November 16-17, the Great Restorative Circle of Xena took place in Chita. The circle was opened by the chief ataman of the ZKV Gennady Viktorovich Kochetov. The circle revived the Trans-Baikal Cossack army, approved the program of action and elected G.V. Kochetov. On March 17, 1991, for the first time in Soviet times in Chita, on the Day of Alexei the Man of God, the ZKV Military Holiday was held.
In August 1991, at the request of the Patriarch of All Russia Alexy II, a delegation of Cossacks of the ZKV took part in the honorary guard during the transfer of relics Reverend Seraphim Sarovsky. Then the formation of the Cossacks in Transbaikalia began. But that's a completely different story.

In November 1905, the Cossacks participate in all major meetings of the soldiers of the Chita garrison and the workers of the Chita railway workshops. In the Council of Soldiers and Cossack Deputies of the RSDLP, elected at a meeting on November 22, such well-known Cossacks worked as Ts. Ranzhurov, K. Beloglazov, A. Belomestnov, G. Gantimurov, P. Selyaev, A. Lopatin, K. Peshkov, M. Kozulin, K. Ryumkin, I. Perevalov, A. Prostokishin, M. Bratenkov, G. Shishkin.

A third of the Trans-Baikal villages make demands of a political nature, using rallies and so-called "revolutionary negotiations". They are characterized by calls to convene a Constituent Assembly, to equalize the Cossack estate with others in serving military service, to shorten the period of active military service, to introduce income tax, destroy the wine monopoly, seize the lands of His Majesty's cabinet and expel the royal officials.

Good things, as you know, are forgotten sooner. The people remembered the Cossacks, after all, more as "buffers", "lamps", who helped to stifle freedom. Therefore, the elimination of the Cossacks as an estate dreamed of both the Bolsheviks and the Socialist-Revolutionaries, and even the Cadets. But the first to have a hand in this was the Provisional Government after the February Revolution of 1917.

Under pressure from Minister of War A. Guchkov, on April 17, the First Congress of the Cossacks of the Trans-Baikal Region took place in Chita. Delegates are not elected to it, but only representatives of the villages and rear Cossack units are sent. The front-line soldiers are left aside, fearing their obvious resistance, because the issue of the liquidation of the Cossack estate was on the agenda of the congress. In fact, the Congress declares the Cossack section of the First Congress of the Rural Population.

All delegates (with a small number of abstentions) adopted a resolution: “The Cossack estate, as a relic of antiquity and a consequence of the existence standing armies, must be destroyed and compared with all free citizens of Russia.

The congress proposed to abolish the post of ataman, to form county zemstvos, but for the first period of the war, the state should provide the Cossacks with weapons, horses and uniforms.

In the Trans-Baikal villages, the decision of the congress is ambiguous. Some approve, others oppose. Pronounced opponents of the liquidation of the Cossack estate are Sretenskaya and Verkhneudinskaya villages. Trans-Baikal Cossacks are divided into "citizens" and "Cossacks". Of course, the poor and middle strata gravitate towards the former, while the more prosperous and part of the middle strata gravitate towards the latter.

Such a division could not but affect later, during the civil war, which put the Cossacks before a painful choice: for what power to shed blood?

In August 1917, the second regional Cossack congress will be held in Chita, prepared by Yesaul G. Semenov, General I. Shilnikov and Cadet S. Taskin. He cancels the decision of the First Congress, restores the Cossack class. The Trans-Baikal Cossack Army joins the Union of Cossack Troops of Russia.

After the establishment of the Power of the Soviets in March - April 1918, the Third Cossack Congress will take place. The majority of delegates vote for the liquidation of the Cossack estate. But five months later, Yesaul seizes power in Transbaikalia G. Semenov(during the civil war lieutenant general, ataman of the Transbaikal, Amur and Ussuri Cossack troops) and by his order restores the atamans and Cossack governments in the villages.

Flying over the Argun
Curses and groans
And red foam
The wave boils
Chopped by a saber
Fate and epaulettes.
Cossack share -
Alien war.

Sons against fathers
Brother against blood brother
And the checker is sharper
And a bullet - more precisely,
But all prepared
Terrible pay-
The universal grief of native mothers.

Farewell, ataman,
We are tired of the battle
And the horses are tired of galloping through the blood.
Funeral candles flicker in the churches,
And us by order
They rush to curse.

We fought too
For happiness and freedom.
The Cossack Fatherland is one for all.
The soul is pierced by eternal pain:
Will she forgive our mutual sin.

The setting sun of the Manchurian border.
Under the roof of a foreign land, fate is to die.
Lord, help us in our native villages
With the last bow yet to visit.

And the waves of Argun are desperately beating,
And the steppe wind bit the bit.
Not children, so grandchildren
Come back one day.
Dauria is our native land.

During the years of the existence of the Far Eastern Republic, the Constitution is adopted, one of the articles of which abolishes “class divisions of citizens, class advantages and privileges” and, thus, automatically eliminates the Cossack class. But all the same, the struggle for whether he should be or not be completed by the Soviet government.
Despite the fact that the Soviets were not initially the initiators of decossackization, they, as authorities, play a decisive role in the liquidation, or rather, the destruction of the Cossacks.

On January 24, 1919, the Organizing Bureau of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) accepts a circular letter in relation to the Cossacks, and five days after that, Y. Sverdlov signs a directive, which historians call the "terrible directive." Here is a line from it: "To carry out a merciless mass terror against all Cossacks."
So, with a stroke of the pen of one person, more than two million people are sent to the scaffold and into exile (about 125,000 were executed), among them women, children, and the elderly.

The Cossacks of the Don and Kuban suffer the most. In Transbaikalia, repressions begin in 1921. Many Cossacks leave the Argun and settle on the Chinese side in the area of the so-called Three Rivers: Hulu, Derbula and Gan. The place is not inhabited. At first, the unfortunate emigrants build dugouts, hoping for a quick return to native land. But years go by, power in Russia does not change, you have to settle down thoroughly. However, they are not allowed to live in peace. Cossacks are constantly exposed to raids and robberies from the Soviet coast.

The Cossacks as an estate are liquidated, but the idea of rebirth in the Cossack people does not die.

Coat of arms

Description of the coat of arms of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society.

In the golden field, under the azure belt supporting the scarlet head, there is a scarlet dragon walking to the left, struck by two beams of scarlet lightning coming from the belt, three in each. At the head - emerging golden double-headed eagle- the main figure of the State Emblem Russian Federation. Behind the shield, in an oblique cross, are gold ataman notches intertwined with gold, with a narrow silver border, ribbon.

The coat of arms of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society can be performed in a single-color image.

It is allowed to use a shield with figures located on it as a small emblem of the Transbaikal military Cossack society.

Banner of the Transbaikal military Cossack society

Description of the banner of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society.

The banner of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society (hereinafter referred to as the banner) consists of a double-sided panel, a staff, a pommel, a staple, an inflow and banner nails. The set with the banner may also include a pantaller and a banner case .

The banner cloth is rectangular, green, with a border orange color. The banner's cloth and border are sheathed with silver braid. On the sides of the cloth, in a frame, there is a silver wicker ornament. Silver stars are embroidered along the border of the cloth.

On the front side of the banner, in the center, a one-color silver image of the main figure of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation is embroidered: a two-headed eagle with spread wings. The eagle is crowned with two small crowns and above them - one large crown connected by a ribbon. AT right paw eagle - scepter, in the left - orb. On the chest of the eagle, in a shield, is a horseman in a cloak, striking with a spear a dragon overturned and trampled by a horse. At the top of the frame is the inscription "TO THE GLORY OF THE FATHERLAND". The inscription is made in silver letters, stylized as the Old Slavonic font.

On the reverse side of the cloth, in the center, is the coat of arms of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society.

The width of the panel is 110 cm, the length is 130 cm, with a margin of orange fabric for attaching to the pole.

Banner pole, wooden, round, painted black Colour. Shaft diameter 4.5 cm, length 250 cm.

Bracket - in the form of a rectangular plate of silver metal, on which the inscription "Transbaikal military Cossack society"and the date of awarding the banner.

The pommel is metal, silver, in the form of a slotted spear with a relief image of the State Emblem of the Russian Federation.

The drain is metallic, silvery, in the form of a truncated cone, 9 cm high.

The heads of the banner nails are silver.

Flag Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Description of the flag of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society

Flag The Transbaikal military Cossack society is a rectangular green cloth with a yellow-orange border.

In the center of the flag is the emblem of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society.

The ratio of the flag's width to its length is two to three. The ratio of the width of the border to the width of the flag is one to fourteen.

Banner of the Transbaikal military Cossack society

Resolution of His Holiness Patriarch Kirill of Moscow and All Russia on a letter from Bishop Kirill of Pavlovsky Posad, Chairman of the Synodal Committee for Cooperation with the Cossacks:

"July 30, 2010 Blessed is the manufacture and inscription of banners for military Cossack societies of the Russian Federation"

Chevrons Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Form of the Transbaikal military Cossack society

Parade uniform of the Trans-Baikal military Cossack society

DRESS
members of Cossack societies entered in the state register

I. Common items of clothing for members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation
1. hat from sheepskin (for Cossack generals and Cossack colonels - from astrakhan fur) of black color, with a top of established colors (for Cossack generals - with sheathing over the band and along the seams of the top of the hat with a cross-shaped silver galloon of special weaving, for senior and main ranks - with sheathing at the seams the top of the hat is cross-shaped with a silver galloon of special weaving).
2. Woolen cap in the specified colors, with piping and band in the specified colors, with a black strap.
3. Woolen cap of established colors for Cossack generals, with piping and a band of established colors, with a braided cord of silver color.
4. Camping cap of a protective color.
5. Woolen gray-yellow hood (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies).
6. Removable collar made of sheepskin (for Cossack generals and Cossack colonels - from astrakhan) black.
7. Coat woolen (for senior, chief and higher ranks, except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) light gray, with buttonholes and piping of established colors, with shoulder straps.
8. Coat woolen for Cossack generals dark of blue color(for Cossack generals of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies - black), with buttonholes and piping of established colors, with shoulder straps.
9. Single-breasted woolen gray overcoat (for lower and junior ranks, except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies), with buttonholes and shoulder straps of established colors.
10. Jacket demi-season of the established color, with buttonholes and shoulder straps of the established colors, with insulated lining.
11. Woolen uniform of established colors, with buttonholes, edgings and shoulder straps of established colors (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies), with a standing collar (for Cossack generals - trimmed with a silver galloon of special weaving).
12. Kitel woolen of the established colors, with buttonholes, piping and shoulder straps of the established colors.
13. Woolen bloomers of established colors, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of established colors.
14. Trousers woolen of the established colors, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of the established colors.
15. Trousers woolen of established colors, in boots, with stripes (except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies) of established colors.
16. Shirt white, with shoulder straps.
17. Shirt established color, with shoulder straps.
18. Tie of the established color, with a fastening of silver color.
19. Suit winter marching protective color, with a black fur collar, with shoulder straps.
20. Suit summer marching khaki, with shoulder straps.
21. White scarf (for senior, main and higher ranks).
22. Muffler of the established color.
23. Scarf-belt woven with silvering (for Cossack generals).
24. Woven scarf belt in silver color (for senior and main ranks).
25. Axelbant silver color.
26. Waist belt Brown(except for members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies).
27. Black fox on a silver sling.
28. Boots black color.
29. Boots or low shoes black color.
30. High top boots black color.
31. Socks black color.
32. Gloves black color.
33. Gloves white.
34. cape khaki.
35. On the uniform of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation, state awards, insignia and distinctions established in the prescribed manner are worn.
II. Features of the uniform of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation
1. Members of the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" and the Volga military Cossack society wear:
tunic woolen, woolen bloomers, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots , tie and a scarf - blue, a shirt - light blue.
2. Members of the Yenisei, Transbaikal, Irkutsk, Orenburg, Siberian and Ussuri military Cossack societies wear:
a woolen cap, a demi-season jacket, a woolen uniform, tunic woolen, tie and scarf - dark green, woolen trousers, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots- blue, shirt - light green.
3. Bands and edgings on woolen caps, edgings on woolen uniforms and woolen tunics, stripes (for Cossack generals - stripes and edgings) on woolen trousers, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots :
members of the military Cossack society "Great Don Army", Volga, Yenisei and Siberian military Cossack societies - red;
members of the Trans-Baikal, Irkutsk and Ussuri military Cossack societies - yellow-orange;
members of the Orenburg military Cossack society - red-crimson.
boots
4. buttonholes on the coat woolen, woolen overcoat, demi-season jacket, woolen uniform and woolen tunic:
members of the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" - blue with a red edging;
members of the Volga, Yenisei and Siberian military Cossack societies - red;
members of the Trans-Baikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange;
members of the Ussuri Military Cossack Society - yellow-orange with a green edging;
members of the Orenburg military Cossack society - light blue.
5. Members of the Kuban and Terek military Cossack societies wear:
woolen cap, woolen Circassian coat, tunic woolen, demi-season jacket, woolen harem pants, trousers woolen, trousers woolen in boots , tie and a scarf - black, beshmet wool, insulated beshmet - red, shirt - light blue.
6. Cap, hat top, band and piping on woolen caps, buttonholes and piping on woolen tunics, buttonholes on demi-season jackets, piping on woolen harem pants, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots :
members of the Kuban military Cossack society - red;
members of the Terek military Cossack society - light blue.
Stripes and piping on woolen harem pants, woolen trousers and woolen trousers in boots the Cossack generals - the established colors.

INSIGNIA
according to the ranks of members of the Cossack societies included in
state register of Cossack societies
In Russian federation

1. Insignia according to the ranks of members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation (hereinafter - insignia) are shoulder straps with embroidered and metal five-pointed stars of golden or protective color, with silver (white) color stripes.
2. The sizes of stars and stripes on shoulder straps are:
a) the diameter of the five-beam stars placed on shoulder straps is 13 mm;
b) the width of wide stripes placed on shoulder straps is 30 mm;
c) the width of the narrow stripes placed on shoulder straps is 10 mm.
3. Members of military Cossack societies wear rectangular shoulder straps two types:
a) with trapezoidal (for the highest, main, senior ranks, senior sergeants and sergeants) and triangular upper edges (for junior sergeants and lower ranks), with fields of special weave galloon of silver color or color of clothing fabric or from cloth of established colors or colors clothing fabrics, without piping or with piping in specified colors. Shoulder straps senior and chief ranks have gaps of established colors: for Cossack colonels and military foremen - two gaps, for captains and senior ranks - one gap. Shoulder straps the lower and junior ranks have a field of established colors, without edges or with edges of established colors;
b) from the fabric of clothing.
4. Insignia :
a) Cossack general - shoulder straps with two stars placed on both sides of the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
b) Cossack colonel - shoulder straps with two gaps without stars;
c) military foreman - shoulder straps
d) Yesaula - shoulder straps with one lumen without stars;
e) podesaula - shoulder straps with four stars, of which the two lower stars are located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap, the third and fourth stars - above the first two - on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
e) centurion - shoulder straps with three stars, of which the two lower stars are located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap, the third star - above the first two - on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
g) cornet - shoulder straps with two stars located on both sides in the middle, between the longitudinal center line and the edge of the shoulder strap;
h) cadet - shoulder straps with one star located on the longitudinal center line of the shoulder strap;
i) senior watchman - shoulder straps of the established color, with a narrow galloon of a special weave of silver (on the marching uniform - white) color, with three stars located on the longitudinal centerline of the shoulder strap;
j) wahmistra - shoulder straps of the established color, with a narrow galloon of a special weave of silver (white on the marching uniform), with two stars located on the longitudinal centerline of the shoulder strap;
k) junior sergeant major - shoulder straps of the established color, with a narrow galloon of a special weave of silver (on the marching uniform - white) color;
m) senior officer - shoulder straps with one wide transverse stripe;
m) constable - shoulder straps with three narrow transverse stripes;
o) junior officer - shoulder straps with two narrow transverse stripes;
o) orderly - shoulder straps with one narrow transverse stripe;
p) Cossack - shoulder straps with a field of established colors or colors of clothing, without stripes.
5. Shoulder straps members of Cossack societies have color differences:
a) field shoulder strap lower and junior ranks: the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" - blue with a red edging; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Ussuri Military Cossack Society - yellow-orange with a green edging; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue;
b) edging on the shoulder straps of senior, main and higher ranks: the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" - blue and red; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal and Irkutsk military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Ussuri Military Cossack Society - green; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue;
c) gaps on the shoulder straps of senior and chief ranks: the military Cossack society "Great Don Army" - blue; Volga, Yenisei, Kuban and Siberian military Cossack societies - red; Transbaikal, Irkutsk and Ussuri military Cossack societies - yellow-orange; Orenburg and Terek military Cossack societies - light blue.

DECREE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

In accordance with federal law dated December 5, 2005 No. 154-FZ "On public service Russian Cossacks" I decide:
1. Approve the attached:
a) Regulations on the certificate of a Cossack issued to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation;
b) a sample form of a Cossack certificate issued to members of Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.
2. Determine that:
a) the replacement of previously issued certificates of a Cossack with certificates of a new type is carried out within two years;
b) persons accepted as members of Cossack societies after the entry into force of this Decree are issued new Cossack certificates;
c) the production of Cossack certificates is carried out at the expense of the funds of the Cossack societies entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.
3. This Decree shall enter into force on the day of its official publication.

POSITION
On the certificate of the Cossack, issued to members
Cossack societies included in the state
register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation

1. The certificate of a Cossack is the main document confirming membership in a Cossack society, entered in the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as the Cossack society), the rank and position held in the Cossack society.
2. Cossack certificate forms are made and filled in Russian according to the approved model, common for the Russian Federation.
3. The certificate of a Cossack is valid on the territory of the Russian Federation in the presence of a passport of a citizen of the Russian Federation or another document proving the identity of a citizen of the Russian Federation.
4. The certificate of the Cossack is issued for a period of five years with an extension for subsequent 5-year periods.
5. The following information is entered into the certificate of a Cossack:
a) the name of the Cossack society;
b) last name, first name, patronymic, date and place of birth;
c) a mark on the assignment of ranks;
d) the position held in the Cossack society;
e) attitude towards military service;
e) special marks (participation in hostilities);
g) availability mark state awards;
h) a note on the presence of other awards and badges;
i) a mark on the presence of weapons;
j) a note on the extension of the validity of the Cossack certificate.
6. The certificate of a Cossack is issued by the board of the military and (or) district (departmental) Cossack society.
7. The owner of the Cossack certificate is responsible for its safety. For the loss, damage, negligent storage and transfer to other persons of a Cossack certificate, the guilty person is held liable in accordance with the charters of Cossack societies.
8. The certificate of a Cossack is subject to surrender when it is replaced or when its owner is excluded from the members of the Cossack society.
9. Forms of Cossack certificates are documents of strict accountability.

SAMPLE
Cossack certificate form issued to members of the Cossack
companies entered in the state register
Cossack societies in the Russian Federation

Transbaikal Military Cossack Society

Transbaikal Cossacks or Transbaikal Cossack army- an irregular army in the 17th-20th centuries in the Russian Empire, on the territory of Transbaikalia. The military headquarters is in Chita.

As an independent, the army was formed in 1851.

Especially Transbaikal Cossacks distinguished themselves in Russo-Japanese War 1904-1905 Actively participated in the First World War.

The revival of ZVKO in modern Russia began in 1990. On March 11, 1997, the army was entered into the state register of Cossack societies in the Russian Federation.

Today it operates on the territory of the Siberian Federal District.

Organizationally, it includes 3 separate Cossack societies: Aginsky, Verkhneudinsky, Chita.

The ZVKO headquarters is located in Chita.

Seniority from August 20, 1655. Military holiday and military circle - March 17, the day of St. Alexis, the man of God.

Story

The badge of the army was approved on October 31, 1914 and is a yellow horseshoe. At the bottom of the horseshoe - red dragon, pine branches on the sides. Inside the horseshoe there is a palisade, a river, a double-headed eagle with St. George in a breast shield. In the paws of the eagle there is a bow with the dates "1655-1913", under the bow of the cypher of Tsars Alexei Mikhailovich and Nicholas II.

Coat of arms of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army until 2010

The backbone of the Transbaikal Cossacks was made up of service people, recruited into the Cossack service, who appeared in Transbaikalia around 1639. In 1654, the Cossacks of Peter Beketov founded Nerchinsk. Buryats (4 regiments) and Tunguses (500 people - 1 regiment) were organized on the model of the Cossack army, which later merged with the Cossacks. A distinctive feature of the Transbaikal Cossacks was the fact that, along with Orthodoxy, some of them (mainly of Buryat origin) professed Buddhism. Cossacks from Yaik and Transbaikal, as well as anti-Bolshevik Jews.

Transbaikal Cossack army It was formed on March 17, 1851 by order of Emperor Nicholas I, at the suggestion of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia N.N. foot brigades (1st, 2nd, 3rd Russian regiments, 4th Tungus (Evenk) regiment and 5th, 6th Buryat regiments). The army carried out the protection of the border with China and internal service.

In 1854, the Trans-Baikal Cossacks carried out the Amur rafting and established border posts along the border with China. In 1858, the Amur Army was detached from the Trans-Baikal Army. Cossack army .

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Trans-Baikal Cossacks fielded one fifty guards, 4 cavalry regiments and two batteries in peacetime; in the First World War, one fifty guards, 9 cavalry regiments, 4 batteries and three spare hundreds were put up.

The army participated in the suppression of the Ihetuan uprising of 1899-1901 in China, in the Russian-Japanese 1904-1905 and the First World War. In 1916, the population of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army was 265 thousand people, of which 14.5 thousand were in military service.

During the Civil War, part of the Cossacks actively fought against the Bolsheviks under the leadership of Ataman G. M. Semyonov and Baron Ungern. Some Cossacks supported the Reds.

In 1920, the Trans-Baikal Army, like other Cossack troops in Soviet Russia, was liquidated. After the defeat of Semyonov, approximately 15% of the Cossacks, together with their families, left for Manchuria, where they settled, creating their own villages (Three Rivers). In China, at first they disturbed the Soviet border with raids, and then closed up and lived their own life until 1945 (the offensive of the Soviet Army). Then some of them emigrated to Australia (Queensland)

Education

In 1859, the Russian-Mongolian military school was transferred to the jurisdiction of the Transbaikal Cossack army. In addition to this school, the army maintained: regimental, battalion and village schools.

In 1872, according to official data, there were:

6 regimental schools (including Russian-Mongolian);
12 battalion schools (Kaidalovskaya, Shelopuginskaya, Krasnoyarsk, Doninskaya, Argunskaya, Sretenskaya, Lomovskaya, Undinskaya, Novotroitskaya, Torginskaya, Kudarinskaya, Kharatsayskaya);
about 200 village schools.

Regimental schools were maintained at the expense of the district quartermaster's office. The battalion schools were maintained at the expense of the military government, which annually released 1165 rubles, 44 kopecks, for the maintenance of 12 schools. ten the poorest students battalion schools were allocated 8 rubles each. Regimental and battalion schools were attended by students who graduated from village schools. Village schools were maintained by the parents of students, or by all residents of the village.

By order State Council, Highly approved on May 31, 1872, regimental and battalion schools were transferred to the Ministry of Public Education A. Linkov From the history of public education in the Trans-Baikal region until 1872 // Siberian archive. Journal of archeology, history and ethnography of Siberia. - Minusinsk, No. 3-4, December 1914, pp. 166-174.

Transbaikal Cossack with the banner of the 1st Argun regiment of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army. End of the 19th century.

Modernity

In the era of Soviet Perestroika, the revival of the Transbaikal Cossacks began. In 1990, a Great Cossack circle was convened in Moscow, at which, among others, a decision was made to recreate the Transbaikal Cossack army. History of the Transbaikal Cossacks according to rare editions from funds regional library them. A. S. Pushkin.

In 1991, the song and dance ensemble "Transbaikal Cossacks" was formed.

In 2010, in Chita, he was elected Ataman of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Host. Sergey Bobrov

On March 30, 2014, Gennady Chupin, Deputy Chairman of the Government of the Trans-Baikal Territory, was elected Ataman of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army.

Structure

At the head of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army was the chief ataman, who was subordinate to the Governor-General of Siberia. Ataman combined the rights of the head of the division and the governor. Under him, two committees were established: military duty (for conducting military affairs) and military government (for conducting economic affairs). The highest form of organization of the Cossacks was a brigade (there were 6 brigades in total), which was divided into regiments (500-600 fighters), and those into hundreds.

The regiments were named after the central settlement: Argunsky, Verkhneudinsky, Chita, Nerchinsky Transbaikal Cossack Army

By order of the ataman of the WKVO S. G. Bobrov, in June 2011, the Separate Cossack Society "Ambassadorial Australian Department" was formed in Australia from among the diaspora of descendants of Cossack settlers from Transbaikalia. The main activity of the society is the development of friendship and cooperation between peoples; strengthening ties with the Cossacks abroad; cultural, spiritual and moral education youth, preservation and development of Cossack traditions and customs abroad.

Aginsky Separate Cossack Society
Verkhneudinsk Separate Cossack Society
Chita Separate Cossack Society

Banner

The banner of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army was a cloth of military colors depicting the face of the Savior Not Made by Hands. On the banner was the inscription: "God is with us."

February 19, 1903 for the exploits shown during the campaign in China in 1900-1901, the Transbaikal Cossack army was granted a simple military banner. The cloth is dark green, the border is yellow, the embroidery is silver, the icon is the Savior Not Made by Hands.

The seniority of the Trans-Baikal army was established from 1655, the date of issuance of the royal charter to Afanasy Pashkov and his son Yeremey for "Tsar's service in the new Daurian land." In 1755, the Yakut Cossack regiment was created. In 1851, the Transbaikal Army was officially formed. In 1852, the schedule of troops was approved: 12 foot battalions and 6 cavalry regiments.

On December 6, 1852, Emperor Nicholas I granted banners to "four Russian cavalry regiments No. 1, 2, 3 and 4 and twelve foot battalions No. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12 of that [Transbaikalian] army".

Trans-Baikal Cossacks kept 33 historical banners. One of them, Guards banner 1st Chita Regiment with the inscription "For distinction in battles with Japan in 1904 and 1905", and is now kept in the Chita Museum of Local Lore.

Banner of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army arr. 1891 (front side)

Banner of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army arr. 1891 (back)

Colors

Trans-Baikal Cossacks traditionally wore yellow stripes, shoulder straps, hat tops, overcoat flaps and cap bands, and dark green uniform and chekmen of the Colors of the Cossack troops of Russia.

The color of shoulder strap, stripe and band caps was determined by whether he served in a cavalry regiment or an artillery battery Cossack. Regimental epaulettes were yellow color, "battery" - red. So the Cossacks who served on Batareynaya Gora of the city of Verkhneudinsk wore stripes and bands of red color.

Pre-revolutionary form of the Cossacks of the Transbaikal Cossack army

Cossack 1st Chita Cossack Regiment of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army

Service uniform of the Trans-Baikal Cossack Army (winter)

Wahmister

constable Transbaikalian Cossack army in service uniform (in overcoat and hat)

Cossack Transbaikalian Cossack army in service uniform (in overcoat and hat)

Marching uniform of the foot battalions of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army

Chief officer of the foot battalions of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army in marching uniform

Cossack foot battalions of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army in marching uniform

Pirate K. K. Foot battalions of the Trans-Baikal Cossack army and mounted: Irkutsk and Yenisei Cossack regiments, 1867

1 and 2) Chief Officers: Orenburg and Semirechensk troops, 3) constable Transbaikal troops and 4) Private Amur army. 1892

Cossack with the banner of the 1st Nerchinsky E.I.V. Heir to the Tsesarevich Regiment of the Transbaikal Cossack Army

military badge Transbaikal Cossack Army .
Approved on October 31, 1914 in memory of the 250th anniversary of the army.
The badge is an elongated yellow enamel horseshoe with golden edges. On a horseshoe
shown below red a writhing dragon, and on the sides - pine branches.
Inside the horseshoe, below, a palisade is placed, and under it, along the edge of the horseshoe -
winding narrow blue stripe At the top of the horseshoe - two-headed
black-brown eagle with outstretched wings resting on the lateral
sides of the horseshoe. The heads of the eagle are crowned with the imperial crown, a shield is placed on the chest, on the white field of which is depicted
George the Victorious on horseback slaying a dragon with a spear. From under the wings of an eagle
golden arrows descend in the form of lightning. In the paws of an eagle - a bow of yellow ribbon, on
the ends of which are the dates: on the left - " 1655"(The year of seniority of the Transbaikal Cossack
troops), on the right - "1913" (year of seniority). Alexey's monograms are placed under the bow.
Mikhailovich and Nicholas II.

After the beginning of the revival, that is, in the 90s of the last century and later, new samples of the sign of the Transbaikal Cossacks appeared.