For modern man education is one of the most milestones in life. smart person life is easier both in direct and in figuratively. But, in order to get a diploma, it is important to know what forms of education currently exist, and to understand which of them is most appropriate for the current situation.

Stages of learning

There are two main stages of human learning, which are subdivided into several more stages. Each stage plays very important role in the formation and formation of personality. Task educational process is to develop the mental and physical abilities of a person, to instill good habits, to discover the hidden potential for a particular occupation, to help him develop his skills.

General education

There are the following stages of the educational process:

• Preschool education. It is very important for little man, since it is in childhood the foundation of the future personality is laid, skills are best developed, interest in various types activities, as well as hidden talents are discovered.
• Primary school education (grades 1-4). This stage reinforces the skills acquired in kindergarten, and also develops new ones. It is no less important for a growing person than preschool education. Moreover, it is in primary school the child is socialized (if he did not go to kindergarten) and the rules of life in the team are instilled.
• The average general education(grades 5-9). At this time, there is a systematization and consolidation of all the knowledge gained in kindergarten and elementary school, as well as the assimilation of new ones. There is a gradual preparation for adulthood, children are becoming more independent and no longer need parents as much as before.
• The average complete education(grades 5-11). In grades 10 and 11, there is a repetition of the material learned in high school preparing for university studies. The character of a person is already practically formed, and before graduation from school one can observe complete personality with their unique habits and beliefs.

Professional education

We already know the forms of obtaining general education, now it is the turn of a professional one. His young people receive after graduation from school. Such education is available to receive throughout a person's life. Its purpose is to give a person a profession, to instill in him necessary qualities, skills and abilities for work, as well as additional knowledge. Therefore, receiving forms vocational education numerous and varied. This is necessary so that the student is guaranteed to be able to acquire the appropriate skills.

The learning process includes the following steps:

• Secondary vocational education. It can be obtained in specialized schools, colleges and technical schools.
• Higher professional education. It gives much more possibilities than the average, in addition, a person with a university degree can do science and get degree. People with higher education are more likely to be hired than those with specialized secondary education, plus, during their studies at a university, such character traits as responsibility, discipline and punctuality develop in a person.
• Refresher courses. This type of training takes less time than all its counterparts. It is already received by real specialists to deepen their skills and knowledge in order to become a true professional in their field.

Now you need to find out what forms of education and forms of training exist in Russian Federation.

Consider what the school offers in this regard?

How the child will receive a certificate is determined by the parents or legal representatives. If a citizen is an adult, then he has the right to choose the type of education himself. It could be:

• Full-time;
• self-education ( self-study Houses);
• external student

Full-time

Education according to it is standard, this is how most schoolchildren in Russia study. The full-time form of education involves attending school according to the schedule established by the administration of the institution, listening to lessons, completing assignments and communicating with classmates. This type is the most favorable for the student, as it develops the child's communication skills, teaches him to live in a team and communicate with a variety of people.

But full-time learning has its drawbacks, which include a difficult mode for the baby. Not every child is able to force himself to go to bed at 9 o'clock in the evening in order to get up at 6 o'clock in the morning for school. Most often, the regime is controlled by the mother. Also, keeping a schedule is hard for teenagers. In addition, the disadvantages of full-time form include relationships with peers in the team. After all, they do not always turn out the way the child or his parents would like. For a student, a change of scenery is also a great stress, and it is this factor that sometimes outweighs all the others in favor of home schooling or external study, which will be discussed in the next paragraph.

external student

There are various forms of education, but it is this way has the most legal regulation. A person who learns in this way is an external student. It's a self-taught person general education programs. The student is entitled to intermediate and final certification in educational institutions. In other words, to engage in an external study program means to master all the disciplines on your own, according to a schedule, and come to educational institution only in order to pass the exams, which is necessary to confirm the successful development of the school curriculum.

To learn in this way or not is the personal choice of everyone. Parents and children will find a lot of pros and cons in this option. One way or another, this method is simply necessary in different situations, for example, children with difficult life situation when attending an educational institution becomes impossible. In any case, external study as a form of education is very good and is simply necessary for many students.

Self-education (a form of family education)

This form of education is no different from external studies, except that the student is not enrolled in any educational institution. Consequently, he cannot pass the necessary exams to confirm the mastery of all programs, because, speaking in simple words, officially does not study anywhere. His status as a student is not registered anywhere, which means that in the future he will not be able to enter any university. Various forms of education differ from this one in their reliability and security. Learning from other forms future student receives a guarantee of the opportunity to enter an institute or university.

Methods for obtaining a university diploma and their description

Forms of education in the Russian Federation are diverse and numerous. Below we will look at each of them.

Full-time education

The full-time form of education at the university is almost the same as the school. Already an adult, not a child, attends lectures at an institute or university, completes assignments, participates in seminars and periodically passes intermediate certification. At the same time, the student is officially registered as a student and can receive a state diploma upon graduation (provided that the institution has the right to issue such documents).

Part-time (evening) education

Forms of higher education include such classes. Unlike the previous type of training, where about 70% of the study time is allocated to classes with a teacher, much less hours are devoted to lectures. There can be no more than 10 hours of listening to material per week, and the rest of the time is intended for self-preparation. Evening this form of education is called because classes for students begin after 18:00. Therefore, this way of learning is ideal for those who have already found a job. Classes for "evening" students are held in the same way as for "full-time students" - lectures, seminars, open events etc.

Correspondence form of education, or external study

Here, 70% of the time is devoted to self-training, and only 30% is devoted to attending lectures. Students, unlike their counterparts who attend the university every day, have an orientation session, which they pass in the first months after entering the university. Usually it is October-November. The correspondence form of education is ideal for those who work or sit with a child, as well as for those who, due to some circumstances, could not enter the full-time department.

Distance learning

System distance learning appeared not so long ago, but has already managed to take root in many universities. Its essence is that the student and teacher interact remotely with each other, exchanging tasks and completed work. Such communication is carried out mainly through the Internet. With the help of distance learning, it is much more convenient to receive education in absentia. After all, LMS allows the student to receive assignments in a timely manner, and the teacher provides the convenience and speed of their verification. All components of standard training are stored here - lectures, colloquia, assessments, etc.

Now one can see how rich and varied the forms of education are. One has only to choose the most suitable one and start preparing for the entrance exams.

FEDERAL STATE AUTONOMOUS EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"BELGOROD STATE NATIONAL

RESEARCH UNIVERSITY»

STAROOSKOLSKY BRANCH

(SOF NRU "BelSU")

PEDAGOGICAL FACULTY

Department of Pedagogy and Physical Education

REPORT ON THE TOPIC:

"FORMS OF EDUCATION AND FORMS OF TRAINING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"

Done: student

group No. 92061103(330)

Goncharenko Alena Igorevna

2013, Stary Oskol

Education in the Russian Federation- a single purposeful process of education and training, which is a socially significant good and is carried out in the interests of a person, family, society and the state, as well as a set of acquired knowledge, skills, values, experience and competence of a certain volume and complexity for the purposes of intellectual, spiritual - moral, creative, physical and (or) professional development of a person, satisfaction of his educational needs and interests.

In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

Family education is a form of education in the Russian Federation that provides for the study of a general education program outside of school with annual certification. Upon completion of training, the student receives a certificate of maturity.

Most often, family education is received by athletes, children employed mainly in music and art schools, children of diplomats, actors, as well as children with disabilities. Often, training takes place using remote technologies and distance learning servers.

External study(from Latin externus - outsider) is a form of certification that involves independent study of general education programs of basic general, secondary (complete) general, higher education with intermediate and state (final) certification in an educational institution that has state accreditation.

The essence of the external study is the ability to obtain an average or higher education without going to school, university daily. A two-year (or more) program can be completed in one year with the passing of the final (May - June) attestation.

Home schooling(English homeschooling) - a way of obtaining education, which involves the study of general education subjects outside of school (at home, in educational centers). Every year, students must pass a mandatory assessment at the school.

Homeschooling is the most ancient form education, which appeared long before the first schools. For centuries, home schooling was the only way to get an education. Initially, this form was available only to wealthy families who had time to teach their own children or hire a teacher. However, the transfer of basic management skills can also be attributed to home schooling. household and craft training.

Unschooling(eng. Unschooling - from English school - school) - the philosophy and practice of education, based on the importance of respecting the interests of the child in the first place, when the child learns without leaving the family, based on the experience of his daily, often very diverse life, asking questions, receiving or looking for answers to them on their own.

Training in organizations that carry out educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes teacher with students is carried out in full-time, part-time or in absentia.

There are three main forms of education in Russia:

full-time (daytime);

Full-time education is a type of full-time education, which implies personal contact between the teacher and the student, regular attendance at lectures, laboratory and practical exercises, passing the current and final certification. The educational process is the main type of student employment. students day department receive a deferment from military service.

part-time (evening);

Evening education (part-time, shift) is a type of education in which the student combines study with work, that is, attends an educational institution in shifts, at the most convenient, free time from work. At the same time, a free (sliding) schedule of classes is possible - for example, if a student works in the evening shift, then he attends an educational institution in the morning.

A student can receive a secondary, specialized secondary or higher education. Often used for additional higher education.

Distance learning is a form of study that combines the features of self-study and full-time study. Characterized by phase. In the first phase, the knowledge base, educational literature and its study are obtained (setting session), in the second, the learned material is checked (testing and examination session). At the same time, these phases noticeably lag behind each other in time (usually from several months to a year).

New forms of organization of education appeared in the new law on education:

network training. Network form implementation of educational programs - the implementation of an educational program using the resources of several organizations engaged in educational activities, including foreign ones, and, if necessary, using the resources of other organizations; (Article 15 of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation")

e-learning and distance learning.

E-learning - e-learning system, learning with the help of information, electronic technologies.

Distance learning (DL) is the interaction of a teacher and students with each other at a distance, reflecting all the components inherent in the educational process (goals, content, methods, organizational forms, learning tools) and implemented by specific means of Internet technologies or other means that provide for interactivity.

Distance learning is an independent form of education, information Technology in distance learning are the leading means.

Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.

Combination allowed various forms education and forms of education.

Forms of education and forms of education for the main educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and the main programs of vocational training are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

LIST OF USED LITERATURE

Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation"

Theory and practice of distance learning [Text]: Proc. allowance for students. higher ped. educational institutions / E. S. Polat, M. Yu. Bukharkina, M. V. Moiseeva; Ed. E. S. Polat // M .: Publishing Center "Academy", 2004. - 416 p. - p. 17

Polat, E. S. Pedagogical technologies distance learning / E. S. Polat, M. V. Moiseeva, A. E. Petrov; ed. E. S. Polat. - M.: Academy, 2006.

http://freeedu.ru/modx/unschooling-anskuling

http://ru.wikisource.org/wiki/ESBE/Externs

1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

2. Education in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes of a teacher with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.

3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right of subsequent passing in accordance with the intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.

4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of education is allowed.

5. Forms of education and forms of education for the main educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

Commentary on Art. 17 of the Law "On Education in the Russian Federation"

The commented article names the forms of education and the forms of education. It should be said that, in part, the provisions of the commented article 17 of the Law on Education of Russia are not new, since Law N 3266-1 fixed in its provisions an independent art. 10, referred to as "Forms of education". Meanwhile, the previous legislation did not contain separate provisions on the forms of education.

The commented article introduces forms of education and forms of education.

There are two forms of education:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations carrying out educational activities.

Forms of education are divided according to the forms of education:

in organizations engaged in educational activities - in full-time, part-time or part-time form;

outside organizations engaged in educational activities - in the form of family education and self-education.

At system analysis norms of the Law, however, one can also distinguish home schooling, as a form of education in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education ().

Training outside organizations engaged in educational activities is possible in scientific organizations, in others legal entities where a unit is created that carries out educational activities, in production, in organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, organizations providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, social service organizations (,). If a we are talking on the presence of a child in organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, in organizations providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, or organizations providing social service, then the receipt of primary general, basic general, secondary general education in these organizations is provided if education cannot be organized in educational organizations.

For additional professional programs such a form of training as an internship is allowed, as well as at a time and continuously or in stages (discretely) ().

In Law N 3266-1, external study was also a form of education. With the adoption of Law N 279-FZ, it ceased to be a form of education and was transformed into an institution that provides state final certification in accredited educational organizations studying in the form of family education or self-education, or in non-accredited educational organizations.

There is still home-based education - for students who need long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations. It was reflected in the Law, while earlier, before its adoption, it existed only at the level of subordinate regulation. The relevant by-laws and instructional letters have retained their significance today: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861 (as amended on September 4, 2012) "On Approval of the Procedure for the Education and Education of Disabled Children at Home and in Non-State educational institutions", letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2003 N 27 / 2643-6, letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of March 30, 2001 N 29 / 1470-6, letter of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR of November 14, 1988 N 17-253-6 " About individual training sick children at home.

These acts relate to the functioning of home-based schools.

Education in organizations engaged in educational activities is still carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form. The choice of the form of education is provided by the federal state educational standard in a specific specialty and field of study and is determined by the possibility of obtaining education in this specialty in full-time or part-time form.

Until the adoption of new ones, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 1997 N 463 "On approval of the List of specialties, the receipt of which in part-time (evening), correspondence and in the form of external study in educational institutions of secondary vocational education is not allowed" and the Government Decree RF dated 22.11.1997 N 1473 "On the approval of the List of areas of training of specialists and specialties in which the receipt of higher professional education in absentia or in the form of external study is not allowed."

The educational organization implements the educational program in the permitted form, and the choice of the form of education is carried out by the student (his parents). The form of obtaining general education and the form of education for a specific basic general education program are determined by the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student. When parents (legal representatives) of a minor student choose the form of general education and the form of education, the opinion of the child is taken into account.

Since the organs local government municipal districts and urban districts keep records of children who have the right to receive general education at each level and live in the territories of the respective municipalities, then these bodies should also keep records of the forms of education determined by the parents (legal representatives) of children. When parents (legal representatives) of children choose a form of general education in the form of family education, parents (legal representatives) inform the local government about this choice municipal district or the city district in which they live.

The procedure for registration of relations between the state or municipal educational organization with students and (or) their parents (legal representatives) in terms of organizing training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education at home or in medical organizations established by the regulatory legal act of the authorized body state power subject of the Russian Federation.

The result of studying in the form of self-education or family education is the final attestation in the order of external studies in an accredited organization that carries out educational activities.

The law establishes the free of charge of such certification by school programs, since the state, in accordance with Article 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, guarantees free and generally accessible basic general education. In the form of self-education, it is possible professional education. It is possible for a child to receive preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in a family.

In addition to the right to final certification in an organization carrying out educational activities, students in the form of self-education and family education have the right to undergo intermediate certification.

However, in accordance with the passage intermediate certification mandatory for students in the form of family education. If a intermediate control is not passed, the student acquires an academic debt, which must be liquidated. In turn, educational organizations, parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, who ensure that students receive general education, are obliged to create conditions for him to liquidate academic debt and monitor the timeliness of its elimination.

Students studying in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education in the form of family education, who have not liquidated in deadlines academic debt, continue to receive education in an educational organization.

The procedure for passing certification by these students is established by the organization carrying out educational activities. On the issue of final certification, until the adoption of a new act, the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated 06/23/2000 N 1884 (as amended on 04/17/2001) "On approval of the Regulations on obtaining general education in the form of external studies", which determines that the state ( final) certification of external students is carried out in accordance with the regulation on the state (final) certification of graduates of IX and XI (XII) classes educational institutions Russian Federation. On the this moment instead of the above, the Regulation on the forms and procedure for conducting state (final) certification of students who have mastered the basic general education programs of secondary (complete) general education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2008 N 362, is already in force.

External students enjoy the same rights as persons undergoing final certification as a result of training in an organization engaged in educational activities. This means, among other things, the provision of conditions for learning, taking into account the peculiarities psychophysical development and health status, including receiving socio-pedagogical and psychological help, free psychological, medical and pedagogical correction; use in the manner prescribed by local regulations, health-improving infrastructure, cultural and sports facilities of the educational organization.

If a student receives preschool education in the form of family education, then the parents (legal representatives) of such students have the right to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if they have established appropriate counseling centers. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of June 23, 2000 N 1884 (as amended on April 17, 2001) "On approval of the Regulations on obtaining general education in the form of an external student," an external student has the right to:

receive necessary consultations(within 2 teaching hours before each exam)

take educational literature from the library fund of a general education institution;

attend laboratory and practical classes;

take part in various olympiads and competitions, centralized testing.

The law provides for the possibility of combining various forms of education and forms of education. The combination may be due to the educational program under which the person is studying, or the transition from one form of education or training to another, for example, if the student fails to pass the certification and, thereby, academic debt appears.

Forms of education and forms of education for certain levels of education are determined by the Law. Thus, the Law on Education provides that general education can be obtained in organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as outside organizations engaged in educational activities, in the form of family education. A secondary general education can be obtained in the form of self-education. This allocation of secondary education is explained by the age of students, which already allows them to study independently, without parental "intervention". Up to this point, learning outside the educational organization is carried out with parental "participation" ( family education). Receipt school education possibly at home (see the commentary to paragraph 1 of this article), in an organization for orphans and children left without parental care, an organization providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, an organization providing social services.

In addition, the forms of education and training are determined for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training by the federal state educational standard, educational standard. At the same time, until the adoption of new ones, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 1997 N 463 "On approval of the List of specialties, the receipt of which in part-time (evening), correspondence and external studies in educational institutions of secondary vocational education is not allowed" and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 22, 1997 N 1473 "On approval of the List of areas of training of specialists and specialties in which the receipt of higher professional education in absentia or in the form of external studies is not allowed."

Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently. specifies this provision, indicating that vocational training is carried out in organizations engaged in educational activities, including training centers professional qualifications and in production, as well as in the form of self-education. For additional professional programs, such a form of training as an internship is allowed, as well as at a time and continuously or in stages (discretely).

In the early 90s. of the last century, with the adoption of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 10, 1992 N 3266-I "On Education", homeschooling became legal. Article 10 “Forms of education”, paragraph 1: “Taking into account the needs and capabilities of the individual, educational programs are mastered in the following forms: in an educational institution - in the form of full-time, part-time (evening), part-time; in the form of family education, self-education, external study” (System Garant…, 2013). In the new law on education, external study no longer refers to forms of education. In other words, federal law No. 273 gave a legalized right to each individual parent (legal representative) to choose family education as a form of education for their child.

The new Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-FZ "On Education in the Russian Federation" article 17 "forms of education and forms of training" states:

"one. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

2. Education in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes of a teacher with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.

3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.

4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of education is allowed” (Collection of questions ..., 2014; Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 273, 2012).

In addition to the family form, there are other ways to arrange for a child to study at home: part-time form, correspondence, self-education and a combination of forms (Article 17 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 273), for example, full-time in geography and mathematics and family education in all other subjects (Dyakova, 2015). These forms of education are the so-called alternative forms learning.

Accounting for children entitled to receive general education at each level and residing in the territories of the respective municipalities, as well as forms of education and training determined by the parents (legal representatives) of children, is maintained by local governments of municipal districts and urban districts. When choosing a form of family education, parents (legal representatives) must inform the local self-government body of the municipal district or urban district in whose territory they live (part 5 of article 63 of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation No. 273) (Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013).

Unfortunately, in the legal acts relating to family education, such as the Family Code (IC RF), Federal Law of December 29, 2012 N 273-ФЗ “On Education in the Russian Federation”, the Code administrative offenses(Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation), no definition of "family education" is given. But distinctions are made, according to Article 41 part 5 of the Federal Law, that “education of students who are mastering basic general education programs and in need of long-term treatment, as well as disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational institutions, can also be organized by educational organizations on at home or in medical organizations” (FZ RF No. 273, 2012). Thus, the term “homeschooling” or “homeschooling” refers to the possibility of receiving education at home with a medical certificate, and “family education” refers to homeschooling, which does not require specific justification for implementation.

It is also important to note that with the adoption of the new law on education and the corresponding change in the forms of education, there is no provision for compensation for the costs of legal representatives of students for the implementation of general education programs outside the educational organization (family education and self-education), since the Constitution of the Russian Federation (part 2 of article 43) free general education is guaranteed only in educational institutions. But in regional and municipal regulations, compensation for these costs may be provided, including in the form of support for parents (legal representatives) of students (paragraph 6 of the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation dated November 15, 2013 No. NT-1139 / 08 "On the organization of education in the family form" (Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013; Lomov, 2014). In accordance with part 2 of Article 99 of the Federal Law, "the founder of an educational organization may be determined standard costs for the provision of state (municipal) services for the implementation of a general educational program in the form of family education, covering the costs of conducting intermediate and state final certification, the cost of acquiring educational publications(textbooks, study guides and teaching materials), periodicals, publishing and printing services, access to electronic publications directly related to the implementation of the general education program, the costs of providing psychological, pedagogical, medical and social assistance". It is also provided that the subject of the Russian Federation, within the framework of the provided powers, may introduce compensation as a measure for needy families who have chosen the form of family education. social support(Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013).

Along with the unresolved issue of funding, the issue of certification is also relevant: how many times a year and in what form a child should undergo it (Parfentiev, 2015).

According to Part 3, Article 34 of the Federal Law on Education, students in the form of family education “have the right to undergo intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities according to the relevant state accreditation educational program. These persons who do not have a basic general or secondary general education are entitled to pass externally an intermediate and state final certification in an organization that carries out educational activities according to the corresponding state-accredited basic general education program, free of charge. The educational organization must adopt the appropriate local act, regulating the procedure for organizing and passing the intermediate and state final certification, including external students. At the same time, the above local act should be available for unhindered familiarization, including on the website of the educational organization in the information and telecommunication network Internet ”(Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013). It is also advisable to coordinate the procedure for passing the certification of an educational organization, taking into account the opinion of parents (legal representatives), including based on the pace and sequence of study educational material. Such an organization of the educational process can be regulated at the request of parents (legal representatives) for the entire period of general education, for the period of passing a specific attestation, or for a period of one school year depending on objective circumstances and the most effective implementation of the rights and freedoms of the child. The documents that define the relationship between the educational organization and parents (legal representatives) are “the statement of the parents (legal representatives) on passing the intermediate and (or) state final certification in the organization carrying out educational activities, and the administrative act of the specified organization on the admission of a person for passing intermediate certification and (or) state final certification. An educational organization for passing intermediate or final certification can be defined not only general educational organizations, but also educational organizations of other types, for example, universities that are granted the right by the Federal Law to carry out educational activities in basic general education programs (Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, 2013).

[Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” 273-FZ, New!] [Chapter 2] [Article 17]

1. In the Russian Federation, education can be obtained:

1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;

2) outside organizations engaged in educational activities (in the form of family education and self-education).

2. Education in organizations engaged in educational activities, taking into account the needs, capabilities of the individual and depending on the volume of compulsory classes of a teacher with students, is carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form.

3. Education in the form of family education and self-education is carried out with the right to subsequently pass, in accordance with Part 3 of Article 34 of this Federal Law, intermediate and state final certification in organizations engaged in educational activities.

4. A combination of various forms of education and forms of education is allowed.

5. Forms of education and forms of education for the main educational program for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training are determined by the relevant federal state educational standards, educational standards, unless otherwise established by this Federal Law. Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently, unless otherwise provided by the legislation of the Russian Federation.

1 comment on the entry “Article 17 of the Law on Education. Forms of education and forms of education”

Article 17. Forms of education and forms of education
The commented article names the forms of education and the forms of education. It should be said that, in part, the provisions of the commented article are not new, since Law N 3266-1 enshrined in its provisions an independent art. 10, referred to as "Forms of Education". Meanwhile, the previous legislation did not contain separate provisions on the forms of education.
The commented article introduces forms of education and forms of education.
There are two forms of education:
1) in organizations carrying out educational activities;
2) outside organizations carrying out educational activities.
Forms of education are divided according to the forms of education:
in organizations engaged in educational activities - in full-time, part-time or part-time form;
outside organizations engaged in educational activities - in the form of family education and self-education.
In a systematic analysis of the norms of the Law, however, one can also distinguish home-based education as a form of education in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education (Article 66 of the Law).
Education outside organizations engaged in educational activities is possible in scientific organizations, in other legal entities where a unit is created to carry out educational activities, in production, in organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, organizations providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, social service organizations (Art. 31, 73 of the Law). If we are talking about the child being in organizations for orphans and children left without parental care, in organizations providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, or organizations providing social services, then receiving by him the initial general, basic general, secondary general education in these organizations is provided if education cannot be organized in general educational organizations.
For additional professional programs, such a form of training as an internship is allowed, as well as at a time and continuously or in stages (discretely) (Article 76 of the Law).
In Law N 3266-1, external study was also a form of education. With the adoption of Law N 279-FZ, it ceased to be a form of education and was transformed into an institution that provides state final certification in accredited educational organizations studying in the form of family education or self-education, or in non-accredited educational organizations.
There is still home education for students who need long-term treatment, disabled children who, for health reasons, cannot attend educational organizations. It was reflected in the Law, while earlier, before its adoption, it existed only at the level of subordinate regulation. The relevant by-laws and instructional letters have retained their significance today: Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 18, 1996 N 861 (as amended on September 4, 2012) “On Approval of the Procedure for the Education and Education of Disabled Children at Home and in Non-State Educational Institutions ", Letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2003 N 27 / 2643-6, letter of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation of March 30, 2001 N 29 / 1470-6, letter of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR of November 14, 1988 N 17-253-6 " About individual training of sick children at home.
These acts relate to the functioning of home-based schools.
Education in organizations engaged in educational activities is still carried out in full-time, part-time or part-time form. The choice of the form of education is provided for by the federal state educational standard for a specific specialty and area of ​​training and is determined by the possibility of obtaining education in such a specialty in full-time or part-time form.
Until the adoption of new ones, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 1997 N 463 “On approval of the List of specialties, the receipt of which in part-time (evening), correspondence and external studies in educational institutions of secondary vocational education is not allowed” and the Government Decree RF dated 11/22/1997 N 1473 "On approval of the List of areas of training of specialists and specialties in which the receipt of higher professional education in absentia or in the form of external studies is not allowed."
The educational organization implements the educational program in the permitted form, and the choice of the form of education is carried out by the student (his parents). The form of obtaining general education and the form of education for a specific basic general education program are determined by the parents (legal representatives) of a minor student. When parents (legal representatives) of a minor student choose the form of general education and the form of education, the opinion of the child is taken into account.
Since local self-government bodies of municipal districts and urban districts keep records of children who have the right to receive general education at each level and live in the territories of the respective municipalities, these bodies must also keep records of the forms of education determined by the parents (legal representatives) of children. When parents (legal representatives) of children choose a form of general education in the form of family education, parents (legal representatives) inform the local self-government body of the municipal district or city district in whose territories they live about this choice.
The procedure for formalizing the relations of a state or municipal educational organization with students and (or) their parents (legal representatives) in terms of organizing training in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education at home or in medical organizations is established by a regulatory legal act of the authorized state authority subject of the Russian Federation.
The result of studying in the form of self-education or family education is the final attestation in the order of external studies in an accredited organization that carries out educational activities.
The law establishes the free of charge of such certification for school programs, since the state, in accordance with Art. 43 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation guarantees free and generally accessible basic general education. Vocational training is possible in the form of self-education. It is possible for a child to receive preschool, primary general, basic general, secondary general education in a family.
In addition to the right to final certification in an organization carrying out educational activities, students in the form of self-education and family education have the right to undergo intermediate certification.
However, in accordance with Art. 58 of the Law, passing an intermediate certification is mandatory for students in the form of family education. If the intermediate control is not passed, the student acquires an academic debt, which must be liquidated. In turn, educational organizations, parents (legal representatives) of a minor student, who ensure that students receive general education, are obliged to create conditions for the elimination of academic debt and control the timeliness of its liquidation.
Students studying in educational programs of primary general, basic general and secondary general education in the form of family education, who have not liquidated academic debts within the established time limits, continue to receive education in an educational organization.
The procedure for passing certification by these students is established by the organization carrying out educational activities. On the issue of final certification, until the adoption of a new act, the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated 06/23/2000 N 1884 (as amended on 04/17/2001) “On approval of the Regulations on obtaining general education in the form of external studies”, which determines that the state ( final) certification of external students is carried out in accordance with the regulation on the state (final) certification of graduates of IX and XI (XII) classes of general educational institutions of the Russian Federation. At the moment, instead of the above, the Regulation on the forms and procedure for conducting state (final) certification of students who have mastered the basic general education programs of secondary (complete) general education, approved by order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation of November 28, 2008 N 362, is already in force.
External students enjoy the same rights as persons undergoing final certification as a result of training in an organization engaged in educational activities. This means, among other things, the provision of conditions for learning, taking into account the peculiarities of psychophysical development and health status, including the receipt of socio-pedagogical and psychological assistance, free psychological, medical and pedagogical correction; use, in accordance with the procedure established by local regulations, medical and recreational infrastructure, cultural facilities and sports facilities of an educational organization.
If a student receives preschool education in the form of family education, then the parents (legal representatives) of such students are entitled to receive methodological, psychological and pedagogical, diagnostic and advisory assistance without charging a fee, including in preschool educational organizations and general educational organizations, if in they have set up appropriate counseling centres. Ensuring the provision of such types of assistance is carried out by state authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
In accordance with the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated June 23, 2000 N 1884 (as amended on April 17, 2001) “On approval of the Regulations on obtaining general education in the form of an external student”, an external student has the right to:
receive the necessary consultations (within 2 study hours before each exam);
take educational literature from the library fund of a general education institution;
attend laboratory and practical classes;
take part in various olympiads and competitions, centralized testing.
The law provides for the possibility of combining various forms of education and forms of education. The combination may be due to the educational program under which the person is studying, or the transition from one form of education or training to another, for example, if the student fails to pass the certification and, thereby, academic debt appears.
Forms of education and forms of education for certain levels of education are determined by the Law. Thus, the Law on Education provides that general education can be obtained in organizations engaged in educational activities, as well as outside organizations engaged in educational activities, in the form of family education. A secondary general education can be obtained in the form of self-education. This allocation of secondary education is explained by the age of students, which already allows them to study independently, without parental "intervention". Up to this point, education outside the educational organization is carried out with parental "participation" (family education). Getting a school education is also possible at home (see the commentary to paragraph 1 of this article), in an organization for orphans and children left without parental care, an organization providing treatment, rehabilitation and (or) recreation, an organization providing social services .
In addition, the forms of education and training are determined for each level of education, profession, specialty and area of ​​training by the federal state educational standard, educational standard. At the same time, until the adoption of new ones, the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of April 22, 1997 N 463 “On approval of the List of specialties, the receipt of which in part-time (evening), correspondence and external studies in educational institutions of secondary vocational education is not allowed” and Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of November 22, 1997 N 1473 “On approval of the List of areas for training specialists and specialties in which higher professional education in correspondence form or in the form of external studies is not allowed.”
Forms of training for additional educational programs and basic vocational training programs are determined by the organization carrying out educational activities independently. Paragraph 6 of Art. 73 of Law N 273-FZ specifies this provision, indicating that vocational training is carried out in organizations engaged in educational activities, including training centers for professional qualifications and in production, as well as in the form of self-education. For additional professional programs, such a form of training as an internship is allowed, as well as at a time and continuously or in stages (discretely).