Sights of Yuryev-Polsky. The most important and interesting sights of Yuryev-Polsky - photos and videos, descriptions and reviews, location, sites.
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The Golitsyn Manor in Yuryev-Polsky
Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the famous Golitsyn estate. The estate is not located in the city itself, but about 20 kilometers from it, in the village of Sima. The road will take a little time, especially since you will have to drive along a straight and well-paved road.
Yuryev-Polsky - a city with more than 850 years of history - attracts tourists all year round. Yuryev-Polsky is included in the so-called Golden ring Russia, which means that there is something to see here and you can recharge with new impressions. So what attractions should you include on your trip?
Arriving in Yuryev-Polsky, tourists first of all tend to visit St. George's Cathedral. And they do it for a reason, because the temple, without exaggeration, is a real treasure of the city. The stone walls of St. George's Cathedral are decorated with unique carvings: ancient sculptors depicted famous biblical stories and many Orthodox saints.
Once in Yuryev-Polsky, do not forget to visit the monument to the founder of the city - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
The second place in the list of the most visited sights of Yuryev-Polsky is occupied by the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery. The monastery is located on the territory of the surviving Kremlin in the neighborhood with three more functioning temples of the city.
Once in Yuryev-Polsky (by the way, it is only 180 kilometers from Moscow), do not forget to visit the monument to the founder of the city - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. You can continue the tour to such sights as the Church of the Nativity of Christ and the Nikitsky Church. These Orthodox objects also have rich history and are not inferior in beauty to other shrines.
Of course, it’s not worth waiting for a luxurious mansion to appear before you (after all, it’s over 200 years old), but it will be interesting to get acquainted with the estate of the Golitsyn family and the museum working with it.
- Where to stay: for radial excursions around the region, it is most convenient to stop directly in Vladimir, as an option - in Suzdal. In search of nature and solitude - in one of the sanatoriums, boarding houses or hotels in the Vladimir region.
- What to watch: Karacharovo - the birthplace of Ilya Muromets, as well as nearby Murom with its wonderful monasteries and temples. It is worth seeing the Holy Bogolyubsky convent in Bogolyubovo and the nearby slender Church of the Intercession on the Nerl. City of masters Mstyora, powerful walls monastery in Yuryev-Polsky, the ancient and miniature Alexandrov and its settlement, the city-toy and the pride of the Golden Ring -
Yuryev-Polsky- one of several fortress cities founded by Yuri Dolgoruky in northeastern Russia. The year of foundation of Yuryev-Polsky is 1152. In the same year, Yuri was founded, and two years later -.
The city is named after its founder - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. The prefix "Polish" does not come from the country of Poland, but from the fields, among which Yuryev stands. The fact is that the city is located in natural area called Suzdal opolye- a hilly area with forest-steppe vegetation, surrounded by dense forests. The prefix "Polish" distinguishes the city from its two namesakes - the Estonian Tartu, which was called Yuryev from 1030 to 1224, and the White Church, located near Kyiv, which before the destruction by the Mongol-Tatars in 1240 also bore the name of Yuryev.
| Facts and figures | ||
|---|---|---|
City coat of arms  | Year of foundation | 1152 |
| Status | district center Vladimir region | |
| Population | 19,500 people | |
| What to watch /Attraction/ | Georgievsky Cathedral, Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, Trinity Cathedral | |
| Transport accessibility | 68 km from Vladimir, 180 km northeast from Moscow. You can either drive Gorky highway(M7) to Vladimir, then along the R-74 road to Pereslavl-Zalessky, or along Yaroslavl highway(M8) to Pereslavl-Zalessky, then along the R-74 road to Vladimir. | |
Currently, Yuryev-Polsky is a regional center of the Vladimir region with a population of about 20 thousand people. In the early 1970s, when the famous tourist route of the Golden Ring of Russia was created, which included seven main centers (Yaroslavl, Kostroma, Ivanovo, and Vladimir) and a number of minor ones, Yuryev-Polsky was included in it just among the cities of the "second list" . For this reason, and also because it is located not so much on the “circumference” of the Golden Ring, but in its center, a significant part of the tours dedicated to the sights of the legendary route bypasses it.
History of Yuryev-Polsky
Yuryev-Polsky was founded at the confluence of the Koloksha (a tributary of the Klyazma) and Gza rivers, which formed a natural defensive line that protected the city from three sides - western, southern and eastern. Natural obstacles were supplemented by fortifications - ramparts total length about 1000 meters. Wooden walls were erected along the top of the ramparts.
From the moment of its foundation and until 1212, Yuryev-Polsky was part of the Rostov-Suzdal (Vladimir) principality, ruled successively by Yuri Dolgoruky and his sons Andrei Bogolyubsky and Vsevolod Big Nest. Upon the death of the latter in 1212, Yuryev went to his son Svyatoslav. From that moment until 1269, the city was the capital of a specific principality.
The reign of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich saw the heyday of Yuryev-Polsky and its first ruin - in 1238, during the Batu invasion, the city was burned by the Mongol-Tatars. Subsequently, the city was ravaged twice more by the Tatars - in 1382 and 1408.
And even before the establishment of the yoke, Yuryev-Polsky witnessed one of the bloodiest internecine battles pre-Mongolian Rus- The Battle of Lipica, which took place in 1216 near the city on the banks of the Lipica River. In the battle for the inheritance of Vsevolod the Big Nest, his children came together - Konstantin Vsevolodovich on the one hand, Yuri Vsevolodovich and Yaroslav Vsevolodovich on the other. The eldest son of Vsevolod Konstantin won the battle, while Svyatoslav was on the side of the losers in that conflict.
At the turn of the 30-40s of the XIV century, Yuryev-Polsky became part of the Moscow principality. Since then, he was ruled by the governors of the Moscow princes and was repeatedly given to the feeding of foreigners who voluntarily or under duress entered the Russian service. Among them were the Grand Duke of Lithuania Svidrigailo Olgerdovich (received Yuryev-Polsky in 1408 from Moscow Prince Vasily I along with the cities of Vladimir, Volokolamsk and Rzhev); Kazan Khan Abdul-Latif (received Yuryev-Polsky in 1508 from Vasily III Ivanovich); Astrakhan prince Abdulla Ak-Kubekov (received Yuryev-Polsky in 1552 from Ivan the Terrible).
AT early XVII century, during the Time of Troubles, Yuryev-Polsky suffered from the Poles, who were not misled by the name of the city - it was burned by the troops of False Dmitry II. Exemption from foreign interventionists occurred in 1609 as a result of an uprising of the townspeople, led by the centurion Fyodor Krasny.
Some revival in the life of Yuryev occurred in the second half of the 17th century, but on the whole he was destined for the fate of a quiet and relatively poor provincial town with a rich historical heritage. In the 18th century, paper-weaving and flax-scutching factories were opened in Yuryev-Polsky, candle, brick and tanneries were built. About scale industrial development of the city is eloquently evidenced by the fact that he received the greatest fame thanks to the cherries that grew abundantly in it. This fact was enshrined in the coat of arms of the city, given to it in 1781 by Catherine II - under the coat of arms of Vladimir in the lower part of the shield on a silver field there are two boxes with cherries.
As for the administrative affiliation of Yuryev-Polsky, in 1708 it was assigned to the Moscow province, since 1778 it was listed as the county town of the Vladimir governorship, and with its transformation into the Vladimir province in 1796, it entered it.
Attractions Yuryev-Polsky
For such small town like Yuryev-Polsky, it is very rich in historical sights. Among them is St. George's Cathedral, built under Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, presumably in 1234. Like many architectural monuments, the cathedral was built on the site of the former temple - in this case, it was St. George's Church, erected by Yuri Dolgoruky in 1152 in the newly formed city.
In the 1460s, a significant part of the cathedral collapsed; it was restored in 1471 by the Moscow architect Yermolin, with the inevitable deviations from the original appearance during such restructuring. In particular, after the "restoration" the cathedral became two times lower than its original height, which is why it received a squat, stocky appearance.
Another outstanding attraction of Yuryev-Polsky is the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsky Monastery, also founded under Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in the 1230s. However, the buildings of the XII century did not survive to this day. The oldest structures on the territory of the monastery today are a stone fence with towers (partially rebuilt in the XVII- XVIII centuries, and partially preserved from the 1570s), the Znamenskaya refectory church (1625), the Holy Gates (1654) with the gate Theological Church (1670), the bell tower (1684). The Cathedral of Michael the Archangel is much younger - its construction dates back to 1792.
Since ancient times, the inhabitants of Vladimir Opole have been engaged in agriculture. fertile lands in the Koloksha valley they were allowed to grow grain and graze cattle. According to one version, it was active agriculture and large pastures that caused the appearance of vast forest-steppes here.
In 1152, by the will of the Moscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, a settlement was founded at a trade crossroads. It was named after Prince Yuri and its location - on the field, however, at first they wrote about the city "Gyurgev" or "Gergev". Yuryev-Polsky grew rapidly and to early XIII century became the center of a small principality.
In 1238, the Mongol troops attacked Russia, and the city was heavily devastated. Militant nomads raided and devastated Russian lands several times. The invasion of the khans Tokhtamysh (1382) and Edigey (1408) caused great damage to the city. In the XIV century, Moscow was chosen as the capital of the princely lands, and the role of Yuryev-Polsky noticeably decreased. For a long time it did not develop and turned into a quiet county town OK.
In 1968, one of the episodes of the film The Golden Calf, a film version of the novel of the same name by Ilya Ilf and Yevgeny Petrov, was filmed on the streets of the city. The old pre-revolutionary buildings and the Trade Rows served as scenery for the city of Arbatov invented by the writers. After some time, the Golden Calf became one of the tourist brands of Yuryev-Polsky, and today this name is given to a cafe popular with tourists.
On 1 May Street, 100 meters from the city center, stands the white-stone St. George's Cathedral. The first temple on this site was founded during the reign of Prince Yuri Dolgoruky. It lasted only half a century and, according to the chronicle, was destroyed during strong earthquake. When this happened, the ruling prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich ordered to dismantle the stone ruins and build a new cathedral.
St. George's Cathedral was erected in 1234. It was distinguished by rich white stone carvings. The walls of the temple were covered with images of animals, birds and Christian saints. Together with the ornament, they made up paintings connected by a common plot.
By the middle of the 15th century, St. George's Cathedral was dilapidated and partially collapsed. Grand Duke Moscow Ivan III Vasilyevich, learning about this, ordered the immediate restoration of the shrine. The well-known architect from Moscow Yermolin undertook to restore the temple. There were no stone quarries near Yuryev-Polsky, so the builders had to build collapsed walls from old stones. The temple turned out to be lower, but it became much stronger. The boundary between the new and old masonry is clearly visible today. Placed in the 15th century, the stones run diagonally from top to bottom, from the northwest corner of the building.
In the 17th century, a hipped bell tower was erected near the cathedral. Then it was replaced with a four-tier one. And in the 19th century, a warm temple of the Exaltation of the Cross appeared near the cathedral. Later, several restorations of St. George's Cathedral took place, during which the bell tower and later temple extensions were dismantled.
The single-domed cathedral has a cubic quadrangle and three semicircular apses. A massive dome with a cross rests on a squat light drum. The northern portal is better preserved than the others and looks great. Previously, he went to main square Yuriev-Polsky.
On the walls of the cathedral you can see images of Christ, George the Victorious, holy warriors - patrons Vladimir princes, lions, centaur, peacocks and intricate floral ornaments. Most of the carved white stone bas-reliefs form a single plot, but some are located separately. Such a discrepancy appeared after the restoration work of the 15th century. Medieval builders used stones from the collapsed building and some of them were placed in random order.
The carved elephant should be looked for on the northern facade. It is located above a column crowned with a woman's head. To see the elephant, it is advised to move away from the cathedral a little, and then it will not be covered by the lower bas-reliefs.
Where did the image of an elephant in Yuryev-Polsky come from? Worked in Ancient Russia carvers could see it only on the pages of manuscripts. If you look closely, the St. George's Cathedral depicts not an elephant, but a mythological animal. The trunk and tusks in it are of an elephant, the ears are of a hare, and the limbs are of a bird.
Church services are rare these days. The rest of the time it is open to tourists as a museum. Inside, samples of ancient Russian white stone carvings are exhibited. Here is the "Svyatoslav Cross", which was made by order of the founder of the Yuriev princes - Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (1196-1252).
Michael-Arkhangelsk monastery
From the north of the St. George's Cathedral, closer to the center of Yuryev-Polsky, the territory of the monastery is spread. The buildings of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk monastery stand in the ring of powerful earthen ramparts and fortress walls, so outwardly they resemble the Kremlin. The monastery was founded in the 13th century by the son of Vsevolod the Big Nest, Prince Svyatoslav. Initially, its churches and cells were wooden, and when the Mongols attacked Russia, they easily burned the monastery.
Yuryev-Polsky survived more than one invasion of the Horde, so for about two centuries they did not even try to restore the monastery. Changes came only in the 16th century, when a stone wall and towers were built instead of a wooden palisade. The first stone temple appeared here in 1560. It was erected with the money of Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky. What this church looked like, we do not know, because it has not been preserved.
The Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk monastery was considered rich. She received many gifts from Prince Dmitry Mikhailovich Pozharsky, whose estate was located not far from Yuryev-Polsky, in the village of Bolsheluchinskoye.
Today the monastery is a beautiful architectural ensemble, consisting of buildings of the XVII-XVIII centuries. It has a small but very well-groomed territory, which houses expositions of local history and art museum. At the same time, a monastic community lives here, and church services are regularly held in churches. Near the monastery there is a monument to the founder of Yuriev-Polsky - Prince Yuri Dolgoruky.
The central place in the monastery is occupied by the Archangel Michael Cathedral. The five-domed temple was built on turn of XVIII-XIX centuries on the money collected by the inhabitants of Yuryev-Polsky. The cathedral is richly decorated with rustication, cornices and carved friezes. The icon of the Archangel Michael is kept here, which, together with the soldiers of the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia, passed along the roads Patriotic War 1812-1814.
A beautiful multi-tiered bell tower of the 18th century rises from the north-west of the cathedral. The slender octagonal building is decorated with carved ornaments on all sides, and three rows of “rumors” are installed on the upper part of the tent.
To the south of the cathedral stands the Church of the Sign, which appeared in 1625. The low one-domed temple has a spacious refectory. Its first floor is used for household purposes, and covered passages lead to the archimandrite and fraternal buildings.
From the west, the monastery territory is limited by a section of the fortress wall with towers. These fortifications were built mid-sixteenth century. Above the gate leading to the monastery rises the Church of St. John the Theologian, built in 1670. The five-domed temple has a wide cornice and its architecture echoes the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
Near the bell tower you can see a small chapel above the well and the Church of St. George the Victorious, brought here from the village of Egory. They were built in early XVIII century for the St. George Monastery and transferred to Yuryev-Polsky in 1968. The chapel and the church are excellent examples of Russian wooden architecture. They are very beautiful and organically fit into the architectural ensemble of the monastery.
Museums of Yuriev-Polsky
Museum expositions occupy the buildings of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery, on 1 May Street, 4. The main section of the museum is devoted to the history of the peasantry and agriculture Vladimir opolye. The items collected here allow you to get acquainted with the customs and traditions of the inhabitants of Yuryev-Polsky, starting from ancient times. The showcases display jewelry found by archaeologists, chain mail, a fragment of a mica window, and petrified rye from the 11th century. In the halls you can see a collection of barn locks, a Russian stove and the interiors of peasant dwellings.
One of the sections of the museum tells about the life of the Russian commander Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration. The central place in it is occupied by the carriage in which the seriously wounded Bagration, after the battle of Borodino, was brought to the village of Sima near Yuryev-Polsky. Here he died and was buried in the family vault of the Golitsyn princes.
In the arch under the passage that connects the Church of the Sign and the archimandrite building, there is an exhibition of carved architraves. Beautiful wooden architraves were brought to the museum from villages and villages not far from Yuryev-Polsky. Skillful products of local craftsmen also hang on the walls of the church and the fraternal building.
On the second floor of the archimandrite building there is an exposition introducing visitors to the history of the development of the weaving manufactory in Yuryev-Polsky. Beautiful tiled stoves, spindles, spinning wheels, samples of printed fabrics and Sewing machines. And the interiors are decorated with modern tapestries made by the hands of the masters of the Avangard weaving factory.
One of the museum expositions is located in a high hipped bell tower. On the ground floor of the building, a monastic cell is shown. On the second floor there is an exposition dedicated to bell ringing, and even higher there is an excellent viewpoint. Tourists climb it to admire the monastery and the central streets of Yuryev-Polsky. At the entrance, the bell tower has a small door, the height of which is only 2/3 of the average height of a person. Only small children can pass through it without bending over.
If you go up to the second floor of the gate church of John the Theologian, you can see an art exhibition. It exhibits icons of the 16th-19th centuries, paintings by Wanderers and a collection of old porcelain. Most of porcelain products came to the museum from the Golitsyn family estate. The most interesting exhibits are the original floor vases.
For visitors, the doors of the museum are open on any day except Tuesday. On Mondays it is open from 9.00 to 15.00, and on other days from 9.00 to 17.00. Please note that the box office closes an hour earlier.
ancient temples
Not far from the monastery there is a temple complex, which consists of two churches - Intercession and Nikitskaya. The first was built in 1769 and the second in 1799. A four-tiered bell tower adjoins the snow-white five-domed Church of the Intercession of the Virgin - the most high building Yuriev-Polsky. Through it, believers get inside the Church of the Intercession.
single-headed Nikitskaya church small in size. It was built in the traditions of classicism and decorated on four sides with triangular pediments and snow-white columns. The walls of the church are painted in contrast, in brick and white colors. The temple complex is surrounded by a beautiful forged fence and looks very harmonious.
In Avangardny Lane, 6, there is a snow-white Church of the Nativity of Christ. It was built in the 18th century on the site of a dilapidated wooden church. The cold church is notable for its six domes. In the 1930s, it, like most of the temples of Yuryev-Polsky, was closed, and printing machines and dairy equipment were placed in the premises. Then the church was restored, and now it is active.
Where to stay
Most travelers come to Yuryev-Polsky for day trips. But those who want to stay here longer can stay at one of the city hotels. All of them are located in the city center and provide approximately the same set of services.
In the hotel at the Promsvyaz plant, not only business travelers are accommodated (Zavodskaya St., 1A). On weekends, many tourists stop here. There is no cafe or dining room in this hotel, but using a microwave oven, kettle, stove and utensils, guests can cook their own meals.
On Vladimirskaya street, 22 there is a small hotel "Pokrovskaya". When placed in it, breakfasts are included, and in the suites there are separate kitchenettes with a microwave, dishes and a kettle.
On Sovetskaya Square stands the Yuryevskaya Hotel. Its guests receive not only rooms, but also breakfasts. It is convenient that right next to the hotel there is a cafe "Golden Calf", which is popular with guests of the city.
Mini-hotel "Zhemchuzhina" is probably the most inexpensive in Yuryev-Polsky. It offers travelers four neat rooms. The hotel is located on Shibankova Street, 72, just a 5-minute walk from the city center.
How to get there
Yuryev-Polsky is located in the north-west of the Vladimir region, 180 km from Moscow. The nearest international airport is in Ivanovo. The road by car from Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky takes about 3 hours and passes through Kirzhach and Kolchugino along the A-105 highway.
The train station is 1.5 km away south of the center cities. Through it there is a branch from Aleksandrov to Ivanovo, along which several long-distance trains run daily, as well as two electric trains. From Moscow to Yuryev-Polsky for 4.15-4.50 hours you can get there by trains that follow to Kineshma and Ivanovo.
Near railway station located city bus station. Regular buses come here from Vladimir, Alexandrov, Pereslavl-Zalessky and Moscow. From the capital's bus station, which is located near the Shchelkovskaya metro station, 3-4 buses run to Yuryev-Polsky every day. The road to the city takes 4 hours.
Located on the banks of the Koloksha River, 68 kilometers from the capital of the region. The area of the settlement is 10 square kilometers.
First settlement on site modern city appeared in 1152. The settlement was a round fortress, inside which the St. George's Cathedral was built.
At the beginning of the 13th century, the famous Battle of Lipetsk took place in these places. In 1340, Yuryev-Polsky became part of the great Moscow principality. In the 17th century locality burned by the Polish invaders.
In 1708 he was included in the Moscow province, and in 1796 in the Vladimir province.
In 1778 the settlement was transformed into a county town. In 1920, two museums were opened in the city: an art museum and a historical-architectural one.
Industrial enterprises of the city: Weaving and finishing factory, production of electric power equipment, meat processing plant, distillery, dairy plant, meat and dairy farming.
The telephone code of Yuryev-Polsky is 49246. The postal code is 601800.
Climate and weather
Yuryev-Polsky has a temperate continental climate. Winters are moderately cold and long. Summers are relatively short and warm.
The warmest month is July - the average temperature is 18.8 degrees, the coldest month is February - the average temperature is -9 degrees.
The average annual rainfall is 590 mm.
Weather in Yuryev-Polsky
The population of the city of Yuryev-Polsky for 2018-2019
Population data obtained from the service state statistics. Graph of changes in the number of citizens over the past 10 years.
The total number of inhabitants in 2017 was 18.6 thousand people.
The data from the graph shows a steady decline in the population from 21,430 people in 2006 to 18,610 people in 2017.
As of January 2018, in terms of the number of inhabitants, Yuryev-Polsky ranked 706 out of 1114 cities of the Russian Federation.
Attractions Yuryev-Polsky
1.St. George's Cathedral- this religious building was built in the early 13th century by Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. This cathedral was erected on the site of the church of George, which was built in the middle of the 12th century.
2.Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery- it's orthodox religious institution was founded in the 13th century. Near the monastery there are historical-architectural and art museums.
3.Monument to Yuri Dolgoruky- this monument was made according to the project famous sculptor I. Chernoglazov in 2002. This attraction is located on central square city of Yuryev-Polsky.
Transport
In the city is railroad station, which connects Yuryev-Polsky with Vladimir, Moscow, Gavril-Posad, Ivanovo, Kolchugino, Aleksandrov, Kirzhach.
Public transport represented by buses and fixed-route taxis. From the bus station of the city there are bus flights to Moscow, Kolchugino, Alexandrov, Vladimir,
