At the beginning of the month, a local historian was arrested in Nizhny Novgorod, in whose apartment more than a dozen mummified corpses of girls aged 15 to 25 were found.

(Total 9 photos)

1. A small three-room apartment with skeletons, from which the detainee made life-size puppets, was discovered by investigators shortly after the holidays.

2. According to representatives of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Nizhny Novgorod, at night a man made his way to the cemetery and dug up corpses from the ground. After that, he put the remains in bags and dragged them to his home. On the trail of the historian managed to get out after the police launched an investigation numerous cases desecration of graves at two local cemeteries - Sormovsky and Sorting

3. According to the police, the historian developed his own technology for mummifying bodies, which he used to store the remains dug up in the cemetery. He dressed mummified women in bright outfits and hats and seated them around the apartment like dolls.

4. Anatoly Moskvin put musical mechanisms, plush hearts and fragments of tombstones into the skeletonized bodies of girls.

5. Investigators believe that the purpose of the kidnapping of the remains was collecting.

6. On this moment known about 29 mummified corpses of young girls, which Anatoly Moskvin dug out of the graves and turned into elegant dolls. The bodies were dug up between a year and 15 years ago. In addition, two boxes of bones were removed from the scientist's dwelling, the age and belonging of which have yet to be clarified by the experts.

7. It is known that at one time a man graduated from one of the leading universities with a degree in Celtology, once led teaching activities. Until the moment of detention, Anatoly Moskvin worked as a local historian, lectured and conducted excursions in the Nizhny Novgorod library of the Leninsky district.

8. Earlier, Moskvin became the subject of articles by the Nizhny Novgorod journalist Tatyana Kokina-Slavina. She wrote that Moskvin specializes in the study of cemeteries (local historian-necropolis). He managed to visit more than 750 cemeteries and began to prepare an appropriate guide for publication. Kokina-Slavina noted that Moskvin is also a polyglot - he knows 13 languages.

9. Moskvin was charged under the article of the Criminal Code "Desecration of the bodies of the dead and their burial places." In the near future, various examinations will be carried out, including a forensic psychiatric one.

Dead people are cool .Don't repeat their mistakes...

1. Lisa “Left eye” Lopez. She was one of three members of the American group TLC, which became known far beyond the US thanks to the hits Waterfalls and No scrubs. The nickname “left eye (left eye)” Lisa took for herself, because one day she was told that she had beautiful eyes, especially the left one. At concerts, she put a condom on the left lens of her glasses, thus promoting safe sex. Lisa died in a car accident in Honduras in 2002. At this time, her second solo album and the fourth album of the group TLC were being prepared for release.

2. Jean Harlow She was the incarnation of Marilyn Monroe before the advent of Marilyn Monroe herself. Harlow has played many roles in films, such as Howard Hughes' Hells Angels, as well as in several films with Clark Gable. Jean Harlow literally hypnotized the audience with her incredible sex appeal. The actress died at the age of 26 from kidney failure. It is believed that the health of the star, who was married three times, was undermined by a severe flu, which she had had in the year of her death. Curiously, Marilyn Monroe was going to play Harlow shortly before her death.

3. Anna Nicole Smith. "Woke up famous" after the publication of her photos in Playboy magazine, and also after the marriage to 89-year-old billionaire James Howard Marshall, who, by the way, died after a year of married life. On February 8, 2007, Anna Nicole was found unconscious in a Florida hotel. She died on the way to the hospital. Preliminary version - drug overdose. Later, 11 types of drugs were found in her body.

4. Princess Diana. Was the first wife of Prince Charles, who in the future will take the throne of the United Kingdom. Diana was known throughout the world for her charitable and peacekeeping activities (in particular, she was an activist in the movement to stop the production of anti-personnel mines and the fight against AIDS). In the UK, Diana has always been considered the most popular member royal family, she was called the Queen of Hearts (“Queen of Hearts”). Princess Diana died in a car accident in Paris. Together with Diana in the car were her friend Dodi al-Fayed and driver Henri Paul, who died on the spot. The princess died two hours later in the hospital. The only surviving passenger, bodyguard Trevor Rees-Jones, was severely injured and has no memory of the events.

5. Dorothy Stratten. Was one of the most famous models Playboy magazine. She became "Girl of the Month" in August 1979 and "Girl of the Year" in 1980. Dorothy was shot by her husband Paul Snyder, with whom they were at that time in a state of divorce and the model lived with her friend, director Peter Bogdanovich. Stratten and Snyder met to discuss financial side divorce, later the girl was found shot through the head in her husband's bedroom. Snyder killed Dorothy and then committed suicide.

6. Selena Quintanilla-Perez Selena became famous at a fairly young age and for her short, but bright life managed to release about a dozen albums. Selena was killed by the president of her fan club, Yolanda Saldivar. In addition to working at the fan club, Saldivar was the manager of Selena's stores in Texas, but she was fired for theft. In March 1995, Selena and Saldivar met at a hotel in the Texas city of Corpus Christi to settle the last financial questions. When the meeting ended and Selena was about to leave the hotel, Yolanda Saldívar shot her in the back. The singer was able to get to the reception, but later died in the hospital.

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7. Edie Sedgwick. American actress, socialite and muse of Andy Warhol. Sedgwick became famous thanks to the filming of Warhol's underground films and participation in his Factory project. Sedgwick struggled with drug addiction most his adult life. In 1971, she was no longer using drugs, but her doctor prescribed barbiturates to stop her. physical pain. On the night of November 15, 1971, Sedgwick drank the prescribed amount of medicine and went to bed, in the morning Edie never woke up.

8. Chrissy Taylor got her modeling pass thanks to her supermodel sister Niki Taylor. From the age of 11, she began to participate in filming with her sister, and soon her career went up. Chrissy was found dead in her parents' apartment by her sister. As it turned out later, the cause of death of the model was an asthma attack complicated by sudden cardiac arrhythmia. For her age, a very rare and suspicious occurrence.

9. Considered one of the first supermodels. predecessor to 1980s supermodels Claudia Schiffer and Cindy Crawford. Due to the striking resemblance to Carangi, the latter was often called Baby Gia. Gia's condition began to deteriorate in the early 80s, after he became heavily addicted to heroin. By December 1984, Gia had reached rock bottom. After pressure from her family, Gia was enrolled in a recovery program at Eagleville Hospital in Montgomery. She declared herself a beggar and lived on welfare. In 1986, she ended up in the hospital with symptoms of pneumonia. However, after the examination, it turned out that the model had HIV. - one of the first famous women in the United States, whose cause of death was openly named the immunodeficiency virus.

10. Jayne Mansfield was a blonde sex symbol of the 50s. She appeared on the pages of Playboy magazine more than once and stopped at nothing to achieve fame. Jane died in 1967 in a car accident. The actress traveled with her friend Sam Brody and three of her four children. The car in which the movie star was traveling drove into a tractor, only children survived in the accident.

11. Aaliya. American actress, singer and model. In an interview with an American publication, Aaliya spoke about the origin of her name. "Aaliya is Arabic name, which has huge force", she said. As an actress, Aaliya starred in the films Romeo Must Die and The Queen of the Damned. The singer died on August 25, 2001, as a result of a plane crash on which she was returning from Abaco Island, where she was filming her new video None of the eight people on board survived.

12. Sharon Tate - Golden Globe Award nominee and director Roman Polanski's wife was a universal favorite due to her kindness and cheerful disposition. The actress, who was eight months pregnant, and her four friends were killed by members of Charles Manson's gang. Despite the fact that Tate begged for the life of her unborn child, the killers stabbed Sharon 16 times.

13. Marilyn Monroe Marilyn Monroe was a true Hollywood icon and remains so today. With her beauty and incredible sexuality, she was able to charm President Kennedy, playwrights and athletes. No one was able to resist her charms. Marilyn Monroe died on the night of August 5, 1962 in Brentwood at the age of 36 from a lethal dose of sleeping pills. There are five versions of the cause of her death:

• a murder committed by the secret services on the orders of the Kennedy brothers in order to avoid publicity of their sexual relations;
• murder committed by the mafia;
• drug overdose;
• suicide;
• the tragic mistake of psychoanalyst actress Ralph Greenson, who ordered the patient to take chloral hydrate shortly after taking Nembutal.

Episodes of crime series often feature characters filming gory scenes at crime scenes or working in morgues. Everyone knows how it happens in the movies, but in reality there are quite a few people who every day, on duty, are forced to face death.

WARNING: many of the photos are taken in the morgue and contain some pretty violent scenes. Impressive look is not recommended!

It took several months for the institute's leadership to finally give in. Budenz spent the next year among the corpses and those who work with them. As a result, two collections of images appeared: the first is dedicated to forensic experts who are looking for evidence at crime scenes, the second is about what happens to bodies after death: funeral homes, mortuaries, crematoria, etc. Of course, this is not the only photo collection dedicated to death. However, the work of Budenz is distinguished by an atmosphere of calm and peaceful attitude to this issue, without excessive drama. The goal of the photographer is not to shock, but to try to reconcile the viewer with the thought of death.

Episodes of crime series often feature characters filming gory scenes at crime scenes or working in morgues. Everyone knows how it happens in the movies, but in reality there are quite a lot of people who every day, on duty, are forced to face death.

Photographer from Germany Patrick Budenz decided to dedicate a separate project to these people and went to the Berlin Institute forensic medicine and forensics, where he great work it was worth getting full access to all laboratories and the right to film the work of all specialists of interest to him. It took several months for the institute's leadership to finally give in. Budenz spent the next year among the corpses and those who work with them. As a result, two collections of images appeared: the first is dedicated to forensic experts who are looking for evidence at crime scenes, the second is about what happens to bodies after death: funeral homes, mortuaries, crematoria, etc.

Of course, this is not the only photo collection dedicated to death. However, the work of Budenz is distinguished by an atmosphere of calm and peaceful attitude to this issue, without excessive drama. The goal of the photographer is not to shock, but to try to reconcile the viewer with the thought of death.

It is no secret that Germany launched mass actions on the territory of the occupied countries to exterminate prisoners of war and the population. The account went to millions of lives. But it is not even the scale of the tragedy that is striking, but the fact that it was essentially a single plant, the workshops of which were scattered across vast territory. The enterprise had its own directors, heads of shops, accountants, workers and shock workers of National Socialist Labor. there were even technical schools where specialists in the "slaughter of human livestock" were trained. Even now it is impossible to read archival documents without shuddering.

SPEECH BY ASSISTANT OF THE CHIEF PROSECUTOR FOR THE USSR L. N. SMIRNOV

{TsGAOR USSR, f 7445, op. 1, unit storage 26.}

At the mass graves where the bodies rested Soviet people, killed by "typical German methods" (I will later present to the Court evidence of these methods and their certain periodicity), at the gallows on which the bodies of teenagers swayed, at the ovens of giant crematoriums where the dead in the extermination camps were burned, at the corpses of women and girls who became victims sadistic tendencies of fascist bandits, dead bodies children, torn in half, comprehended the Soviet people a chain of atrocities, stretching, as rightly said in the speech of the Chief Prosecutor from the USSR, "from the hands of executioners to ministerial chairs." These monstrous atrocities had their own specific criminal system. The unity of methods of killing: the same arrangement of gas chambers, mass stamping of round cans with poisonous substance "cyclone A" or "cyclone B", built according to the same standard projects crematorium ovens, the same layout of "extermination camps", the standard design of fetid "death machines", which the Germans called "gazenvagen", and our people called "gas chambers", technical development designs of mobile mills for grinding human bones - all this pointed to a single evil will, uniting individual murderers and executioners. It became clear that the rationalization of massacres on the instructions of the Nazi government and the leadership of the military German forces engaged in German heat engineers and chemists, architects and toxicologists, mechanics and doctors. …

From the evidence that I will present later, you will see that the burial sites of German victims were opened by Soviet forensic doctors in the north and south of the country, the graves were separated from one another by thousands of kilometers, and it was obvious that these atrocities were committed by various individuals. But the methods of committing crimes were the same. The wounds were localized in the same way. Giant grave pits disguised as anti-tank ditches or trenches were prepared in the same way. Brought to the place of execution to the unarmed and defenseless people of the killer in almost the same expressions They were ordered to undress and lie face down in pre-prepared pits. The first layer of the executed, whether it was in the swamps of Belarus or in the foothills of the Caucasus, was equally sprinkled with bleach, and the killers again forced the doomed defenseless people to lie down on the first row of the dead, covered with a caustic mass mixed with blood. This testified not only to the unity of the instructions and orders received from above. The methods of murder were so identical that it became clear how the cadres of murderers were being prepared in special schools, as everything was foreseen in advance, from the order to undress before execution to the very killing. These assumptions, based on the analysis of facts, were subsequently fully confirmed by the documents captured by the Red Army and the testimonies of prisoners.

The fascist system of educating murderers knew other forms of training, specifically devoted, in particular, to the technique of destroying the traces of a crime. The court has already presented as evidence a document registered under the number USSR-6v/8. This document is one of the appendices to the Communication of the Emergency State Commission about the atrocities of the Germans in the territory Lviv region. This is the testimony of the witness Manusevich, who was interrogated on special instructions from the Extraordinary State Commission by the senior assistant to the prosecutor of the Lvov region. The protocol of interrogation is properly drawn up in accordance with the procedural law of the Ukrainian Soviet Republic. Manusevich was imprisoned by the Germans in the Yanovsky camp, where he worked in a team of prisoners engaged in burning the corpses of murdered Soviet people. After the burning of 40,000 corpses slaughtered in the Yanovsky camp, a team was sent for similar purposes to a camp located in the Lysenitsky forest. I quote from the interrogation protocol: “In this camp at the death factory, special 10-day courses on burning corpses were organized, which involved 12 people. The courses were sent from the camps of Lublin, Warsaw and other camps, from which I cannot remember. I don’t know the names of the cadets, but they were not privates, but officers. The teacher of the courses was Colonel Shallock, the commandant of burning, who, at the place where the corpses were dug up and burned, told how to do it in practice, explained the structure of the machine for grinding bones. Shallock went on to explain how to level the pit, sift and plant trees in this place, where to scatter and hide the ashes of human corpses. These courses have been around for a long time. During my stay, that is, for five and a half months of work in the Yanovsky and Lisenitsky camps, ten batches of cadets were missed.

The commandant of the Yanovsky camp, Obersturmführer Wilhaus, for the sake of sports and the pleasure of his wife and daughter, systematically fired from a machine gun from the balcony of the camp office at the prisoners working in the workshops, then handed the gun to his wife, and she also fired. Sometimes, in order to please his nine-year-old daughter, Wilhaus forced two to four-year-old children to be thrown into the air and shot at them. The daughter applauded and shouted: “Daddy, more, daddy, more!” And he shot.

The document “Communique of the Polish-Soviet Extraordinary Commission for the investigation of the atrocities of the Germans committed in the extermination camp on Majdanek in the city of Lublin. ... “I saw personally,” says the witness Baran Edward, “how they took small children from their mothers and killed them before their eyes: they took one leg with their hand, on the other they became a foot, and thus tore the child.”

The next part of the note is devoted to the mass crimes of the Germans, the so-called "actions", in particular the "actions" in Kyiv. I am compelled to draw the attention of the Court to the fact that the number of deaths in Babi Yar, which is given in the note, is less than in reality. After the liberation of Kyiv, it was established that the volume of atrocities of the Nazi invaders exceeded the crimes of the Germans, which were known from the initial information. From the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission for the city of Kyiv presented to the Court further, it is clear that at Babi Yar during this monstrous so-called " mass action» The Germans shot not 52 thousand, but 100 thousand people.

Upon the arrival of the Red Army in Kerch, in January 1942, when examining the Vagerovsky ditch, it was found that for a kilometer in length, 4 meters wide, 2 meters deep, it was overflowing with the corpses of women, children, old people and teenagers. Near the moat were frozen pools of blood. Children's hats, toys, ribbons, torn off buttons, gloves, bottles with nipples, boots, galoshes, along with stumps of arms and legs and other parts of the body, were also lying there. All this was spattered with blood and brains. Fascist scoundrels shot the defenseless population with explosive bullets. On the edge lay a tormented young woman. In her arms was a baby, neatly wrapped in a white lace blanket. Next to this woman lay an eight-year-old girl and a five-year-old boy, shot through with explosive bullets. Their hands clung to their mother's dress."

The circumstances of the execution are confirmed by the testimony of numerous witnesses who were lucky enough to get out of the pit of death unharmed. I will cite two of these testimonies: “Twenty-year-old Anatoly Ignatievich Bondarenko, now a soldier of the Red Army, testified: “When they brought us to the anti-tank ditch and lined up near this terrible grave, we still thought that we were brought here in order to force us to fill the ditch with earth or dig new trenches. We did not believe that we were brought to be executed. But when the first shots were fired from the machine guns pointed at us, I realized that they were shooting at us. I immediately rushed into the pit and hid between the two corpses. So unharmed, in a semi-conscious state, I lay almost until evening. Lying in the pit, I heard how some of the wounded were shouting to the gendarmes who were shooting them: “Kill me, you scoundrel,” “Oh, you didn’t hit me, you scoundrel, hit me again!” Then, when the Germans left for lunch, one of our fellow villagers from the pit shouted: "Get up, whoever is alive." I got up, and the two of us began to scatter the corpses, pull out the living. I was covered in blood. Above the moat there was a light mist and steam from the cooling pile of bodies, blood and the last breath of the dying. We pulled Naumenko Fyodor and my father out, but my father was killed on the spot with an explosive bullet in the heart. Late at night I got to my friends in the village of Bagerovo and there I waited for the arrival of the Red Army. Witness A. Kamenev testified: “Behind the airfield, the driver stopped the car, and we saw that the Germans were shooting people at the moat. We were taken out of the car and ten people began to drive us to the moat. My son and I were in the top ten. We got to the ditch. We were placed facing the pit, and the Germans began to prepare to shoot us in the back of the head. My son turned around and shouted to them: “Why are you shooting civilians? But shots rang out, and the son immediately fell into the pit. I ran after him. The corpses of people began to fall into the pit on me. At about three o'clock, an 11-year-old boy rose from a pile of corpses and began to shout: "Uncles, who are alive, get up, the Germans are gone." I was afraid to get up, because I thought that the boy was screaming at the order of the policeman. The boy began to scream a second time, and my son responded to this cry. He got up and asked: "Daddy, are you alive?" I couldn't say anything and just shook my head. The son and the boy pulled me out from under the corpses. We saw still living people who shouted: "Save!" Some of them were wounded. All the time while I was lying in the pit, under the corpses, the screams and cries of children and women were heard. It was after us that the Germans shot the elderly, women and children.”

Children were poisoned with carbon monoxide in German cars - "gas chambers". In confirmation of this, I refer to the Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the atrocities of the Nazi invaders in Stavropol Territory: “It has been established that in December 1942, on the orders of the head of the Gestapo of the city of Mikoyan-Shahar, Ober-Lieutenant Otto Weber, an exceptionally cruel killing of Soviet children with bone tuberculosis who were being treated in the sanatoriums of the Teberda resort was organized. Eyewitnesses of this atrocity are employees of children's sanatoriums, nurse Ivanova S. E. and nurse Polupanova M. I. reported: “On December 22, 1942, a German car drove up to the entrance of the sanatorium of the first department. Seven German soldiers who arrived with this car pulled out 54 seriously ill children aged three years from the sanatorium, put them in stacks in several tiers in the car - these were children who could not move, and therefore they were not driven into the car, but laid in tiers - then they slammed the door, let in gas (carbon monoxide) and left the sanatorium. An hour later, the car returned to the village of Teberda. All the children died, they were killed by the Germans and thrown into the Teberd Gorge near Gunachgir. Children were drowned in the open sea. In confirmation of this, I refer to the document under the number USSR-63 - "Act on the atrocities of the Germans in Sevastopol."

Former prisoner Gordon Yakov, a doctor from the city of Vilnius, testified: “At the beginning of 1943, 164 boys were selected in the Birkenau camp and taken to the hospital, where, with injections in the heart carbolic acid they were all killed."

In the Bikernek forest, located on the outskirts of the city of Riga, the Nazis shot 46,500 civilians. Witness M. Stabulnek, who lives near this forest, said: “On Friday and Saturday before Easter 1942, buses with people ran around the clock from the city to the forest. I counted that on Friday from morning to noon 41 buses passed by my house. On the first day of Easter, many residents, including myself, went to the forest to the place of execution. There we saw one large open pit, in which there were women and children who had been shot, naked and in underwear. On the corpses of women and children there were signs of torture and abuse - many had blood smudges on their faces, bruises on their heads, some had their hands and fingers cut off, their eyes were gouged out, their stomachs were ripped open ... "

In confirmation of the fact that during mass executions, the so-called "actions", German criminals buried living people in the ground, I present to the Court under the number USSR-37 the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission dated June 24, 1943: "During the excavation of a pit at a depth of one meter 71 corpses of executed residents of the city of Kupyansk and the Kupyansk region were discovered, among them there were 62 male corpses, 8 female and corpses baby. All those who were shot were without shoes, and some without clothes ... The commission notes that many of the wounds were not fatal, and it is obvious that these people were thrown into the pit (and buried alive. This is also confirmed by citizens who passed near the pit shortly after the executions, who saw how the earth stirred over the pit and a muffled groan was heard from the grave ... "

“On November 3, 1943, 18,400 people were shot in the camp. 8400 people were taken from the camp itself, and 10 thousand people were driven from the city and from other camps ... The execution began in the morning and ended late in the evening. People, stripped naked, were taken by the SS in groups of 50 and 100 people to the ditches, laid face down on the bottom of the ditches and shot from machine guns. A new batch of living people was laid on the corpses, who were also shot. And until the ditches fill up…”

I ask the distinguished judges to refer to the album of documents on the Clog camp. You will find there a typical view of this kind of cruel methods of execution. To confirm this, I turn to the document under the number USSR-39: “On September 19, 1944, the Germans began to liquidate the Kloga camp. Camp Unterscharführer Schwarze and the head of the concentration camp, Hauptscharführer Max Dahlmann, selected 300 people from the prisoners and forced them to carry firewood to a forest clearing, and forced another 700 people to make fires. When the fires were ready, the German executioners began the mass execution of the prisoners. First of all, the firewood carriers and the organizers of the fires were shot, and then the rest. The execution took place as follows: on a prepared fire site, the Germans from the SD police teams forced the prisoners to lie face down by force of arms and shot them with machine guns and pistols. The dead were burned at the stake. In the Kloga camp on September 19, 1944, about two thousand people were killed.

Paragraph mass executions in the town of Ponary was organized in July 1941 and operated until July 1944: “In December 1943,” said the witness Zaidel Matvey Fedorovich, “we were forced to dig up and burn corpses. Thus, we laid about 3,000 corpses on each fire, filled them with oil, placed incendiary bombs on four sides and set them on fire. The burning of corpses continued from the end of 1943 until June 1944. During this time, out of nine pits with a total volume of 21,179 cubic meters At least 100,000 corpses were exhumed and burned at the stake.

In some cases, for mass killing civilians In the Soviet Union, the German fascists resorted to methods full of cruel cunning. To confirm these methods, I refer to the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Stavropol Territory, which I have already presented to the Court under the number USSR-1: “It was established that before retreating from the city of Georgievsk on January 9 and 10 this year. g. by order of the head of the German infirmaries, chief physician Baron von Gaimann, in order to poison the Soviet people German soldiers they sold alcohol and baking soda in the city market, and the alcohol turned out to be methyl, and the “soda” turned out to be oxalic acid. There was a mass poisoning of the inhabitants of the city ... "

I turn to the presentation of evidence related to the use by Nazi criminals of special machines for killing people with gasoline exhaust vapors - "sonder machines", "gas wagons", or "gas vans", as the Soviet people correctly called them. The very fact of the use of these machines for the mass killing of people is the gravest accusation against the leaders of German fascism. Special devices for mass destruction people in closed hermetic vehicles, the exhaust pipes of whose engines were connected to the bodies with the help of special movable hoses, were used by the Nazis for the first time in the USSR in 1942. I remind the esteemed Court that for the first time we find mention of "gas chambers" in the act I have already presented to the Tribunal on the atrocities of the German fascist invaders in the city of Kerch (document numbered USSR-63); this refers to the spring of 1942. I remind the Tribunal, included in the act, of an excerpt from the testimony of the witness Darya Demchenko, who saw how German servicemen in Kerch threw the corpses of the dead into an anti-tank ditch from two "gas chambers". However, it is clear with indisputable evidence that the mass killing of people by "gas chambers" was first established by the Extraordinary State Commission in the Stavropol Territory. This can be seen from the document under the number USSR-1. The investigation of the atrocities of the German fascists in the Stavropol Territory was led by the late outstanding Russian writer, member of the Extraordinary State Commission, Academician Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy. A very thorough investigation was organized with the involvement of prominent specialists, forensic doctors, because human thinking, which sets certain logical boundaries for crimes, then hardly perceived the existence of these machines. However, as a result of the investigation and the testimony of eyewitnesses about the "gas chambers" committed with their help German fascists mass agonizing killings of civilians have been fully confirmed.

The Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission for the Stavropol Territory contains the first detailed description device "gas chambers": "The mass extermination of civilians by the Germans has been established Soviet population by poisoning with carbon monoxide in specially equipped cars - "gas chambers". POW Fenichel E.M. reported: “Working as an auto mechanic, I had the opportunity to get acquainted in detail with the structure of vehicles specially adapted for suffocation - the destruction of people with exhaust gases. There were several such cars in the city of Stavropol under the Gestapo. Its device was as follows: the body was about 5 meters long, 2.5 meters wide, the height of the body was also about 2.5 meters. The body was in the shape of a wagon, without windows, inside it was upholstered with galvanized iron, on the floor, also upholstered in iron, there were wooden gratings; the body door is upholstered with rubber, with the help of an automatic lock it was tightly closed. There were two metal pipes on the floor of the car under the bars... These pipes were connected to each other by a transverse pipe of the same diameter... These pipes had frequent half-centimeter holes; a rubber hose exits from the transverse pipe down through a hole in the galvanized floor, at the end of which is a hexagonal nut with a thread corresponding to the thread on the end of the motor exhaust pipe. This hose is screwed onto the exhaust pipe, and when the engine is running, all the exhaust gases go into the inside of the body of this hermetically sealed car. As a result of the accumulation of gases, the person in the back died after a short time. The body of the car can accommodate 70-80 people. The motor on this car is installed brand "Sauer" ... "

In the Stavropol Territory, a gas chamber was used to kill 660 sick people in a local hospital. Further, I draw the attention of the distinguished Court to the Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the atrocities of the German fascist criminals in Krasnodar. I submit this document to the Court under Exhibit Number USSR-42. It also states the facts of mass murders of people with the help of "gas chambers". I submit to the Court under the number USSR-65 the verdict of the military tribunal North Caucasian Front. From this verdict, in order to shorten the time, I will quote a short quote: “The judicial investigation also established the facts of systematic torture and burning by the Nazi robbers of many arrested Soviet citizens, who were in the basements of the Gestapo, and extermination by poisoning with carbon monoxide gases in specially equipped vehicles - "gas chambers" of about 7 thousand innocent Soviet people, including over 700 sick people who were in medical institutions in the city of Krasnodar and Krasnodar Territory, including 42 children aged 5 to 16 years. I then present to the Court the Report of the Extraordinary State Commission on the atrocities of the German fascist invaders in the city of Kharkov and Kharkiv region. Document number USSR-43. I appeal to the verdict of the military tribunal of the 4th Ukrainian front, which is presented under the number USSR-32. "For the massacres of Soviet citizens Nazi German invaders they used the so-called "gas wagons" - large closed cars, which are known among the Russians as "gas chambers". The Nazi invaders drove Soviet citizens into these "gas wagons" and killed them by launching a special deadly gas - carbon monoxide. In order to hide the traces of the committed monstrous atrocities and the mass extermination of Soviet people by suffocation with carbon monoxide in gas wagons, Nazi criminals burned the corpses of their victims. As evidence that "gas chambers" were used not only in those points about which I spoke, I refer to the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission, presented to the Court under the number USSR-9, about the atrocities of the Germans in Kyiv. The court will find there evidence of the use of "gas chambers" in Kyiv. I will focus on the data on the widespread use of "gas chambers" in the territory of the temporarily occupied regions USSR, that is, on the Message of the Extraordinary State Commission for the city of Rivne and the Rivne region. “…3. The destruction of civilians and prisoners of war in the city of Rivne was carried out by mass executions from machine guns and machine guns, killing carbon monoxide in gas chambers,” and in some cases people were thrown into graves and buried alive. Some of the people who were shot, in particular in the quarries near the village of Vydumka, were burnt in advance prepared and adapted sites. "I refer to the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission for Minsk as confirmation of this:" Thousands of Soviet citizens died at the hands of German executioners in concentration camps". I turn to the testimony of the witness Moysievich. He says: “I was an eyewitness of how the Germans destroyed people in the gas chambers. They forcibly pushed from 70 to 80 people into each “gas chamber” and took them away in an unknown direction.” In Minsk, the murderers applied the principle of "gas chamber" to the installation of stationary gas chambers, which were arranged by criminals in ordinary baths. This is also stated in this Communication of the Extraordinary Commission.

The report of the Polish government shows that the Sobibur camp was founded during the first and second periods of liquidation of the Jewish ghettos. But main wave atrocities passed through this camp in early 1943. In the same report, we can find a mention that the camp in Belchitsa was set up in 1940, but it was in 1942 that special electrical devices were set up here for the mass killing of people. Under the pretext that they were being taken to bathe, the doomed were forced to undress, then they were taken to a building where the floor was electrified in a special way, and there they were killed.

In addition, mobile crematoria were created. Their existence is evidenced by the SS man Paul Waldman, who took part in one of the atrocities of the German fascists - in the simultaneous destruction of many thousands of Russian prisoners of war in Sachsenhausen. Documents on this camp have already been submitted to the court under the number USSR-52. I quote that passage from the testimony of SS Waldmann, which speaks of the mass execution in Sachsenhausen: “The prisoners of war killed in this way were burned in four mobile crematoria, which were transported on a car trailer ...”

I refer, further, to the Communication of the Extraordinary State Commission for the city of Minsk: “In the Blagovshchina tract, 34 grave pits were found, disguised with coniferous branches. Some graves reach a length of 50 meters. When five graves were partially opened, charred corpses and a layer of ash from half to one meter thick were found in them at a depth of three meters. Near the pits, the Commission found many small human bones, hair, dentures and a lot of all kinds of small personal items. The investigation found that here the Nazis exterminated up to 150 thousand people. 450 meters from the former Petrashkevichi farm, 8 pit-graves were found measuring 21 meters in length, 4 meters in width and 5 meters in depth. In front of each pit-grave there are huge deposits of ash left from the burning of corpses.

The mockery of the corpses of the victims was characteristic of all extermination camps. I remind the respected Court that the unburned bones of the dead were sold by the German fascists to the Strem firm. The hair of the slaughtered women was cut off, packed in bales, pressed and sent to Germany. Among these same crimes are those about which I present evidence now. I have repeatedly pointed out earlier that the main method of destroying traces was the burning of corpses, but the same vile rationalization SS technical idea that created gas chambers and "gas chambers" began to work to create such methods total destruction human corpses, in which the destruction of traces of crimes would be combined with the receipt of a certain fabricated product. At the Danzig Anatomical Institute, experiments have already been carried out on a semi-industrial scale to obtain soap from human bodies and tanning for industrial purposes human skin. I submit to the Court under Exhibit Number USSR-197 the testimony of one of the direct participants in the manufacture of soap from human fat, a preparator at the Anatomical Institute in Danzig, Sigmund Mazur:

Question: Tell us how soap was made from human fat at the Anatomical Institute of Danzig.

Answer: In the summer of 1943, a three-room stone one-story building was built near the anatomical institute in the back of the courtyard. This building was built for the processing of corpses and the digestion of bones. This was officially announced by Professor Spanner. This laboratory was called a laboratory for making human skeletons and burning meat and unnecessary bones. But already in the winter of 1943/44, Professor Spanner ordered that human fat be collected and not thrown away. This order was given to Reichert and Borkmann. In February 1944, Professor Spanner gave me a recipe for making soap from human fat. In this recipe, it was prescribed to take human fat in the amount of 5 kilograms and cook for 2-3 hours in 10 liters of water with 500 grams or one kilogram of caustic soda, then let it cool. Soap floats to the top, and the remains and water remain at the bottom in buckets. Also added to the mixture salt(handful) and soda. Then fresh water was added and the mixture was boiled again for 2-3 hours. After cooling, the finished soap was poured into molds.

I now present to the Court these “cuvettes into which the boiled soap was poured. Next, I present evidence that the semi-finished product of this human soap was indeed seized in Danzig.

"Soap turned out bad smell. In order to destroy this bad smell, added benzaldehyde Fat collected from human corpses Borkmann and Reichert. I made soap from the corpses of men and women. One production brew took several days - from 3 to 7. Of the two brews known to me, in which I took direct participation, more than 25 kilograms of finished soap products came out, and 70–80 kilograms of human fat were collected for these brews, from about 40 corpses. The finished soap went to Professor Spanner, who kept it personally. As far as I know, the Nazi government was also interested in the production of soap from human corpses. Minister of Education Rust, Minister of Health Conti, Gauleiter of Danzig Albert Forster, as well as many professors from other medical institutes. I personally used this soap made from human fat for my own needs - for toilet and laundry. Personally for myself, I took 4 kilograms of this soap ... Personally, for myself, Reichert, Borkman, von Bargen and our boss Professor Spanner also took soap ... Just like human fat, Professor Spanner ordered to collect human skin, which, after degreasing, was subjected to certain treatments. chemicals. The production of human skin was carried out by the senior preparator von Bargen and Professor Spanner himself. The worked out skin was put into boxes and went for special purposes, but I don’t know what.

I present now under the number USSR-196 a copy of the recipe for soap made from the bodies of the dead. It is basically identical to the one set out in the protocol of Mazur's interrogation. To confirm that everything stated in the protocol of Mazur's interrogation is true, I will cite adopted by the Court records of the interrogation of British prisoners of war, in particular private John G. Witton of the Royal Sussex Regiment. The document is presented to the Court under the number USSR-264. I am quoting one small passage from this protocol: “Corpses arrived at a rate of 7 to 8 per day. They were all beheaded and stripped naked. Sometimes they were delivered in Red Cross vehicles in wooden boxes containing 5-6 corpses, sometimes 3-4 corpses were delivered in small trucks. The corpses were usually unloaded with extreme speed and taken to the cellar, which led to the side door from the foyer at the main entrance to the institute. Due to the fact that the corpses were previously soaked in some kind of liquid, the tissue was very easily separated from the bones. The whole fabric was then put into a boiling tank the size of a small kitchen table. After boiling, the resulting liquid was poured into white vessels about the size of a double sheet of ordinary writing paper and a depth of 3 centimeters. Usually the machine gave 3-4 such vessels per day.

I submit further to the Court under Exhibit Number USSR-272 the affidavit of a British subject, Corporal royal troops communications by William Andersen Neely. “Corpses were delivered in the amount of 2-3 per day. All of them were completely naked, and most of them were beheaded. The construction of the soap making machine was completed in March-April 1944. The construction of the building in which it was supposed to be placed was completed in June 1942. This machine was mounted at the Danzig firm Aird, not associated with military production. As far as I remember, this machine consisted of a tank heated by electricity, in which, by adding some acids, the bones of corpses were dissolved. The dissolution process took about 24 hours. The fat parts of the corpses, especially those of women, were put into large enameled vats, heated by the fire of two gasoline burners. Some acids were also used for this procedure. I assume that caustic soda was taken as the acid. When boiling was over, the resulting mixture was allowed to cool, and then laid out in special shapes… I cannot accurately determine the amount of the substance obtained, but I saw how it was used in Danzig to clean the tables on which the autopsy was performed. People who have used it have assured me that it is the best soap for this purpose.”

FROM THE INTERROGATION OF WITNESS S. SHMAGLEVSKAYA (TSGAOR USSR, f. 7445, op. 1, item 38.)

Shmaglevskaya: And doctors. During this selection, the youngest and healthiest Jewish women entered the camps in very small numbers. Those women who carried children in their arms or were carried in carriages, or who had older children, were sent with these children to the crematorium. The children were separated from their parents in front of the crematorium and taken separately to the gas chamber. At a time when most Jews were exterminated in gas chambers, an order was issued that children would be thrown into the furnaces of the crematorium without first being gassed.

Smirnov: How should you understand: were they thrown into the fire alive or were they killed in other ways before being burned?

Shmaglevskaya: The children were thrown alive. The cry of these children was heard throughout the camp. It is difficult to say how many of these children there were.

Smirnov: Why was it done anyway?

Shmaglevskaya: This is difficult to answer. I don't know if it was because they wanted to save gas, or because there was no room in the gas chambers. I would also like to say that it is impossible to determine the number of these children, for example, the number of Jews, since they were taken directly to the crematorium. They were not registered, they were not tattooed, very often they were not even counted. We prisoners, who wanted to know the number of people who died in the gas chambers, could only be guided by what we learned about the number of child deaths from the number of strollers that were sent to the shops. Sometimes there were hundreds of carriages, sometimes thousands. …

Smirnov: Tell me, do you confirm your testimony by the fact that sometimes the number of carriages left in the camp after the killing of children reached a thousand a day?

Shmaglevskaya: Yes, there were those days.

Smirnov: Mr. Chairman, I have no more questions for the witness.

Chairman: Would any of the other Chief Prosecutors want to question the witness? Does any of the defense counsel want to ask the witness questions? (Silence) In that case, the witness can consider himself free.

Prisoners of the concentration camp Gardelegen (Gardelegen), killed by guards shortly before the liberation of the camp.

The bodies of prisoners who died in the train on the way to the Dachau concentration camp.

A pile of corpses of prisoners in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp.

A pile of corpses of prisoners in the crematorium of the Dachau concentration camp. The bodies were discovered by members of the US 7th Army.

By order of the Americans, captured German soldiers removed all the corpses of prisoners from the Lambach concentration camp in Austria. They were buried in the forest near the camp.

american soldier near the body of a Belgian boy killed by the Germans in Stavelot. The bodies of other executed civilians are visible in the background.

From the testimony of the Belgian teacher of literature Van der Essen on Nuremberg Trials:

“As for the first fact, that is, crimes committed by entire military formations, then, in order not to abuse the attention of the Tribunal, I will simply cite very characteristic example. This event, which took place in Stavelot, where approximately 140 people, of whom there were 36 women and 22 children, the eldest of whom was 14 years old and the youngest 4 years old, were brutally killed by German units belonging to tank divisions SS.

These were the Hohenstaufen division and the SS security division Adolf Hitler.

The corpse of a prisoner of the Leipzig-Tekla concentration camp on barbed wire. Leipzig-Thekla was a branch or "sub-camp" of Buchenwald.

A French prisoner of the Mittelbau-Dora concentration camp on the floor of a barrack among dead comrades. The picture was taken immediately after the camp was liberated by the Allies. Camp Mittelbau-Dora (Mittelbau - Dora) was a division or "sub-camp" of the infamous Buchenwald. It was a labor camp, its prisoners worked, among other things, at the Mittelwerk plant, where V-2 rockets were produced.

Location: near Nordhausen, Germany.

Punishers shoot Jewish women and children near the village of Mizoch, Rivne region. Those who show signs of life are killed in cold blood. Before being executed, the victims were ordered to remove all clothing.

The family of a Soviet collective farmer, killed on the day of the retreat of the German troops.

The German boy is walking along dirt road, on the side of which lie the corpses of hundreds of prisoners who died in the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in Germany.

Two Ukrainian members The SS, known as "Askaris" ("Askaris"), look at the bodies of murdered women and children during the suppression of the uprising. Warsaw ghetto.

Bagerovsky anti-tank ditch near Kerch. Local residents mourn the people killed by the Germans - civilians: women, children, the elderly.

A fragment from the “Act of the Extraordinary State Commission on the atrocities of the Germans in the city of Kerch”, presented at the Nuremberg trials under the title “Document USSR-63”: “... mass execution the Nazis chose an anti-tank ditch near the village of Bagerovo, where for three days entire families of people doomed to death were brought by car. Upon the arrival of the Red Army in Kerch, in January 1942, when examining the Bagerovsky ditch, it was found that for a kilometer in length, 4 meters wide, 2 meters deep, it was overflowing with the corpses of women, children, old people and teenagers. Near the moat were frozen pools of blood. Children's hats, toys, ribbons, torn off buttons, gloves, bottles with nipples, boots, galoshes, along with stumps of arms and legs and other parts of the body, were also lying there. All this was spattered with blood and brains. Fascist scoundrels shot the defenseless population with explosive bullets ... "

AT total about 7 thousand corpses were found in the Bagerovsky ditch.

Soviet child next to her dead mother. concentration camp for civilian population"Ozarichi". Belarus, the town of Ozarichi, Domanovichsky district, Polesye region.

Execution of a Jewish family in Ivangorod (Ukraine)

German from local population passes by the exhumed corpses of 800 Slavic workers killed by the SS. Such activities were carried out by the allies in order to German population knew about their crimes Nazi leaders.
Neighborhood of the German city of Namering.

One of the 150 victims among the prisoners who died in the concentration camp in Gardelegen. The man tried to escape, but died from fire and smoke.

Nazi before coming Soviet troops shot his family and committed suicide on the streets of Vienna.

Yevgeny Khaldei: “I went to the park near the parliament building to film the passing columns of soldiers. And I saw this picture. On the bench sat a woman, killed by two shots - in the head and neck, next to her a dead teenager of about fifteen and a girl. A little further away lay the corpse of the father of the family. He had a gold NSDAP badge on his lapel, and a revolver was lying next to him. (...) A watchman ran up from the parliament building:

It is he, he did, not Russian soldiers. Came at 6 am. I saw him and his family from the basement window. There is not a soul on the street. He pushed the benches together, ordered the woman to sit down, and ordered the children to do the same. I didn't understand what he was going to do. And then he shot the mother and son. The girl resisted, then he laid her on a bench and shot her too. He stepped aside, looked at the result and shot himself.

Nazis shoot civilians in Kaunas