Grishkova Irina

Composition - reasoning on the topic "What is adulthood?" The student in her work notes that adulthood is a multifaceted and individual concept and consists of several components. An interesting view of this problem is presented.

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Growing up is a lifelong lesson
the ability to create a feasible world,
and those who have not built their little world,
willingly reshape the world.

Igor Guberman

Where does adulthood begin? Adulthood is a multifaceted concept. For everyone, adulthood is something different, individual. For some, adulthood is when mustaches begin to grow or you can walk out late. Maybe it's less free time, or vice versa, the opportunity to do what you want, when you want...
"Growing up is the process of transition from a child's worldview toworldviewadult, psychologists say. - This is very milestone formationpersonalities. Willingness and ability to take responsibilitydeedsand fulfill the duties entrusted to you - one of the most important criteria growing up."

“Choice”, “future”… Our parents and teachers constantly tell us about this: “We need to study, we need to finish school, go to college, find a job… Your choice depends only on you.” Yes, we will make our choice. We will choose our path, we will find our place in life.Growing up is facilitated by a person's aspiration to the future: whoever thinks about the future in a timely manner, makes efforts, takes steps towards becoming an adult. Conversely, the rejection of the efforts that need to be made to build your future looks like a conscious or unconscious desire to delay or delay growing up. The strength of a person is in action, in the ability to achieve the goal. There is no life without struggle, difficulties, losses and compromises. And the task of adults is to form their own inner world, life values, the ability to accept right decisions in hard situations,taking life seriously begins with a conscious decision to take responsibility. We make this decision many times in our lives.. A responsible person is one who controls himself and his behavior. Therefore, each of you must learn to be responsible for your actions, deeds, behavior.

Among the constituent components of responsibility is whole line other qualities and skills of the individual: honesty, justice, adherence to principles. These qualities cannot be successfully realized if a person does not have developed emotional traits: the ability to empathize, sensitivity towards other people. The fulfillment of any duty requires the manifestation of others. volitional qualities: perseverance, diligence, perseverance, endurance. Thus, responsibility is manifested not only in character, but also in feelings, perception, awareness, worldview, in different forms personality behavior.

And I also believe that adulthood is manifested in independence. The more you can achieve and do yourself, the more mature you are. And parents, saying that you are an adult, mean that you can do something yourself. What is independence?It would seem that the answer lies on the surface, but we all understand it a little differently. Firstly, this is an action that a person performs on his own, without the prompting and help of others; secondly, independence from the opinions of others, freedom of expression of one's feelings, creativity; thirdly, the ability to set yourself tasks that no one has set before you, and solve them yourself. It is difficult to object to these definitions. They accurately indicate the independence of a person and, by and large, the maturity of his personality.If we do not learn this, then our life will change according to the will of other people.

Thus, the task of everyone is to become an adult, independent person, able to make decisions, be responsible for their actions, informed choices and build your life. Adulthood suggestslife planning- obedience to clearplan thinking about the future, thinking through the consequences of their decisions. Therefore, becoming an adult means clearly controlling your life, managing everything that makes up life, living not only today, but also thinking about the future. Overcoming difficulties is growing up.

Independence as a quality of personality - the ability to live at one's own expense, separately from others; have their own initiative set goals for yourself and achieve them.

At the very beginning of time, there was a case when all earthly creatures had just been created. A special angel came out in front of them with a basket, and there was nothing in it, a variety of useful qualities, for every taste. Well, all the creatures began to disassemble, to whom what. The fox took cunning, the mouse took thriftiness, the ant took diligence, etc. And, as is usually the case in such cases, the latter got nothing. And who was the last? That's right, man. And to him, the most deprived, the angel gave an empty basket. talking human language- left the ability to learn and fill the basket on his own, on his own.

Independence becomes a quality of personality when a person consciously makes own choice, begins to make decisions himself, feels responsible for them and has the opportunity to pay for these decisions. An independent person, under the guidance of reason, manages his own life, ensures his own existence, possesses the skills of self-control, and is not a slave to other people's opinions and assessments. It would not occur to an independent person to condemn someone that they do not support him and that they do not help him. He himself stands on his own feet, that is, he has achieved financial independence from others.

You may get the impression that independence means doing what you want, just be responsible for it and pay on time. This is a superficial approach to this quality of personality. The desire "I want" comes to a person by fate. He gets the illusion that he independently decides what to do in each life situation. This is just an illusion. For example, a student passed the session. The mind whispers to him: “I passed the exams - go on a binge. You deserved". The student, listening to the mind and feelings, thinks: “I independent person. I have the desire and I have the opportunity to get drunk. I am free to make my choice." But it's not that simple. The desire to get drunk came into the present from the past. real freedom choice, true independence arise in a person when the mind turns on, which operates in the mode of whether it is necessary or not, whether it is right to do so or not. A person, unlike an animal, can influence the quality of his life, that is, independently create his own destiny. When the unison of soul and mind is achieved, when a person makes a choice on the basis of their consent, he shows true independence. Following the desires of the present, but in fact those who came from the past, a person shows lack of independence and dependence on his bad fate. it important point in the understanding of true independence.

Independence is not a thread without a needle, it is not isolation from others, it is not a neglect of the wisdom of life and disciplic succession. Independence is positive if prudence and sanity are realized through it. If a person acts independently only out of a desire to emphasize his adulthood and independence and at the same time neglects authoritative, true knowledge, his independence turns into one of the vices - stupidity, stubbornness, imprudence.

The shortest path to success is to find the best mentor who, through the chain of disciplic succession, has acquired authoritative knowledge, that is, knowledge that has stood the test of time and has given the world many examples of realized success. Stupid independence will go the other way. She will refuse a mentor, and will independently spend years studying various primary sources, getting lost in them and creating in her mind complete chaos and tearing of unsystematized knowledge. It will take years to make the acquired knowledge part of your experience. In other words, independence is good when it is supported by the continuity of all the best that humanity has created. Denial and ignoring the experience of others, rejection wise advice- this is not a sign of independence, but disrespect for people and frankly expressed stupidity. Such negative independence leads to the loss of reason under the influence of one's aggressive ego. The ego burns the mind. Therefore, such independence is extremely harmful and, accordingly, no one needs it.

An anecdote in the context of these thoughts. A call to a company that repairs office equipment: - My printer began to print poorly! Yes, it probably just needs to be cleaned. It costs $40. But it is better for you to read the instructions and do this work yourself. Surprised client: - Does your director know that you are such an obstacle to business? Yes, actually, it was his idea. We make a lot more profit when we let our customers try to fix things themselves first.

Psychologists have identified a number of properties that make up the essence of independence and related mental phenomena: the ability to self-affirmation, maintaining the stability of the Self, self-control, the ability to regulate one's own behavior and emotional reactions, the ability to maintain one's own opinion in spite of external pressure, the tendency to take responsibility for major events his life, and not blame them on other people, objective circumstances or fate, etc. I.S. Cohn writes: “Independence as a property of a person presupposes, firstly, independence, the ability to, without prompting from outside, accept and implement important decisions, secondly, responsibility, readiness to answer for the consequences of one's actions and, thirdly, the conviction that such behavior is real, socially possible and morally correct.

Taking orders is easier than acting on your own. But it is impossible to chew with other people's teeth and, in addition, there is a danger of losing oneself, dissolving in other people's tastes and desires. Francis Scott Fitzgerald, in Tender is the Night, writes: “Either think for yourself, or the one who has to think for you will take away your strength, remake all your tastes and habits, discipline and emasculate you in his own way.” There is a parable about a great manager. He will come and say. The offer seemed tempting to everyone. But he came and said: - Nothing will work. And it immediately became clear to everyone that, of course, nothing would work out. Which could not happen under any circumstances. And why exactly won't it work. And what exactly will happen if you try to do it all the same. The idea seemed unrealistic to everyone. But he came and said: - Why not?! And it immediately became clear to everyone that, of course, everything could turn out great, and suggestions rained down on what and when exactly should be done. The thing went. Then he began to save these few words. Only he would look ironically or close his eyes in agreement, and everything became clear to everyone: both in general and in detail. He was asked: - Why is it so? After all, in the end, it turns out that we already knew everything ourselves. Why are we so helpless? “It’s not you who are helpless, but I’m not completely useless yet. You want a monarchy, not a monarch. Then he became seriously ill. And only occasionally could he show something with his eyes for several years. When he died, things went wrong.

Reasonable independence is an undoubted virtue. Her fat plus was described by Robin Sharma in the absolutely amazing thing “The Monk Who Sold His Ferrari”: “The most exciting thing here is that every act of courage, every act of kindness, every act of self-responsibility is immediately rewarded: every time, when you do what you think is right and follow your own truth, and not the dictates of the crowd, another layer of dirt falls off you, covering your true "I", and another particle of your golden essence breaks out and begins to shine.

Petr Kovalev 2013

Independence is a very desirable, but in some cases difficult to achieve quality. How to influence its formation in a child? How to ensure that children grow and develop independently? And when can you start instilling this useful quality in your child?

First of all, it should be clarified what, in fact, is meant by the word "independence". This is if you believe explanatory dictionary Ushakov, suggests the following: "existence separately from others, independently." In addition, independence means decisiveness, the ability to act independently, initiative and the absence of fear of mistakes, freedom from the influence of others and the help of outsiders.

Very often, parents misinterpret the concept of “independence”. In their opinion, the child will be independent if he unquestioningly does what adults tell him. But in reality, it is rather the ability to follow instructions and directions, that is, obedience. And the independence of the child is, first of all, his "separation" and autonomy.

The child very early becomes interested in performing certain actions. At seven months, he rejoices when he manages to get a toy on his own. In a year, he is satisfied if he is given the opportunity to sit down himself, and after that he begins to eat without the help of adults. That is, independence begins to manifest itself early, but at the same time this quality requires development and consolidation.

Techniques for developing independence in a child

In order for your baby to try everything he can in the future, to do it himself and enjoy it, you need to use the right parenting techniques. First, it is very important to encourage independence in the child. Small child wants to perform some action himself only if his efforts give a positive result. In addition, it is very important for him how the surrounding adults react to this. The child wants to receive praise and approval from elders. It is for this reason that parents should try to encourage independence in their child.

The development of independence in children is a complex process, and you need to be patient. Do not rush to help your baby, be patient. Try to get him to do it himself. difficult situation and then praise him. Help only if the child definitely cannot do it himself, but at the same time do not do it for him, but act with him.

Formation of independence in children

Passivity and lack of initiative is the main thing and the younger children preschool age. The independence of schoolchildren is formed even when the child is not seven years old. But parents often do not attach any importance to this, hoping that the child will simply grow up. Before that, they do everything for him, without waiting for him to take the initiative. But really school age by itself will not become that magical period when the child suddenly begins to show such qualities as responsibility and independence. This is wrong, with the dependence of a child on an adult, you need to start fighting back in early age when the baby begins to walk, eat and so on.

Gradually, the child must independently do what he can do. And parents should not interfere too much in his activities, but are obliged to teach their child to associate his actions with the result, that is, responsibility.

How to teach a child to order

Parents are very often upset by the fact that their already grown up child does not want to maintain order and take care of self-service issues. He makes the bed only after reminders, things are scattered around the room, and the dishes are not removed after eating. How to prevent the development of such a situation? According to most adults, the only thing is putting toys in their places. But experienced teachers they assure that it is better to accustom a child to order at the age of five. It will be much more difficult to do this later. The baby is able to bring himself a cup, put a plate in the sink and perform many other simple tasks already at the age of one and a half years, if you, of course, give him such an opportunity. If you do everything for him, then how will he learn independence?

Adolescent autonomy

The question of how to teach a teenager to be independent is very important for parents. This period is a crisis, as it is associated with the child's awareness of himself as a person with his own characteristics and character. For him great value has a peer assessment through which the very perception of a teenager is refracted. During this period, he, like a two-three-year-old kid, tries to test the rules for strength in order to form his own moral and ethical code. However, this is just a continuation of the formation of thinking autonomous person, separate from adults, and not the beginning of the development of independence.

Why does a child become dependent on parents? Mainly because he gets used to the fact that his parents decide and do everything for him. This reduces his sense of his own competence and forms dependence on the opinions and tips of others. The child gets older, but at the same time continues to think that he is unable to do or decide anything without the help of adults.

Why is it necessary to develop independence in a child?

This is very important process growing up of a person. At the same time, the goal of developing independence is not only to teach the child to serve himself and clean up after himself. It is important to pay attention to the development of such accompanying independence qualities as the formation own opinion, confidence in own forces. The child must learn to make decisions and take responsibility for them, not be afraid of the consequences and the desire to take the initiative, be able to set goals, achieve them and not be afraid to make mistakes. After all, it is much easier to get down to business if the assessment of others does not have much influence.

We have class today. Every class hour or lesson should have a theme. I will not announce the topic of our class hour yet. I would like you to guess what we will talk about today at the class hour.

I think that after listening to the tale, you will immediately understand. The tale is called "Squirrel-Chorus".

In one of the most ordinary forests, on one of the green fir trees, there lived and was the most ordinary squirrel family: mom, dad and daughter - Squirrel-Chorus. Squirrels also lived on neighboring spruce trees. Everyone slept at night, and during the day they collected nuts, because they loved them very much.

Mom and dad taught Squirrel-Chorus how to get nuts from fir cones. But every time Belochka asked me to help her: “Mommy, I just can’t cope with this lump. Help me please!". Mom got nuts. The squirrel ate them, thanked her mother and jumped on. So Chorus jumped, had fun, and when she wanted to eat a nut, she called for help mom, dad, aunt, uncle, grandmother or someone else.

Time passed. The squirrel grew. All her friends were already good at picking nuts and even knew how to stock up for the winter. And Belochka always needed help. She was afraid to do something herself, it seemed to her that she could not do anything. The adults no longer had enough time to help Squirrel. Friends began to call her clumsy. And Chorus became sad and thoughtful. “I can’t do anything and I can’t do anything myself,” she was sad.

Once woodcutters came and cut down a green spruce forest. All the squirrels and squirrels had to go in search of a new Home. They parted in different sides and agreed to meet in the evening and tell each other about their findings. And Squirrel-Chorus also set off on a long journey. It was terrible and unusual for her to jump on the branches alone. Then it became fun, and Squirrel was very pleased, until she was completely tired and did not want to eat. But how can she get the nuts? There is no one around, no one to wait for help from.

Squirrel jumps, looking for nuts - there are none and no. The day is drawing to a close, evening is coming. Squirrel sat on a branch and wept bitterly. Suddenly he looks, and there is a bump on the branch. Chorus broke her. She remembered how she was taught to get nuts. I tried - it doesn't work. Once again - again failure. But White didn't back down. She stopped crying. I thought a little: “I’ll try my way to get nuts!”.

No sooner said than done. The bump gave in. Squirrel got nuts. Ate, cheered up. I looked around, and around a large spruce forest. On spruce paws, cones are apparently invisible. Squirrel jumped to another Christmas tree, picked a bump - there are nuts, another one was picked - and that one was full. Squirrel was delighted, gathered some nuts into a bundle, remembered the place and hurried to the appointed meeting from branch to branch, from branch to branch. She ran, sees her relatives, and friends sit sad. They did not find nuts, they were tired, hungry. Chorus told them about the spruce forest. She took out the nuts from the bundle, fed them. Mom and dad were delighted, friends and relatives smiled, began to praise Squirrel: “How did we call you clumsy - she overtook everyone, gave everyone strength and new house found! Oh yes Belochka! Oh, yes, the Chorus!

The next morning, the squirrels came to the place that Chorus had told about. Indeed, there were a lot of nuts there. They arranged a housewarming party. They ate nuts, but they praised the Squirrel-Chorus, they sang songs and danced in a round dance.

Work on the content of the story.

Why is a squirrel called a "chuckle"? (She lived carefree, clover, jumped, galloped, did not bother herself with anything.)

And to live carefree to live well? (Up to a certain point. But there comes a time in life when a person should rely only on himself.)

What happened to our squirrel? (She was left alone, without food and found herself helpless)

So the time has come for our squirrel when there is no one around and there is no one to rely on. You need to think about whether you live right?

Guys, you already know that any fairy tale educates us and teaches us something.

Well, who has already guessed what we will talk about today?

So, the theme of the class hour - What is independence? What does it mean to be independent?

We will find out what independence is, whether a person needs it, how it can be developed, how much independence is developed in us.

And in order to reveal the concept of INDEPENDENCE, let's reason and make a dynamic table.

I offer you the main qualities of an independent person - this is responsibility, maturity and freedom to supplement these concepts by answering questions.

Responsibility for what? (per result)

What is adulthood? (in performing actions without prompts)

Freedom in what? (in choosing a solution)

Guys, can you formulate the definition of the concept of "independence" based on the table.

Independence is an action that a person performs on his own, without the prompting and help of others; it is the ability to rely only on one's own strength and be responsible for this action.

Now let's play a game called "open mic". I'm interviewing you.

Have you had to be independent on the way to school; on the control work; when they were alone at home; food preparation; choice of clothes. What is the manifestation of independence?

There are many situations where you have to show independence. What does it mean?

Fizminutka

Who can conduct a physical minute on their own?

And now we will spend group work"Who is bigger?"

We will divide you into rows, into 3 teams. Now you need to choose one representative from the team who will protect your project. Now I will give you cards with components of independence.

So, first you confer in pairs. First row, think about when and what decisions you can make. The second row - on your card it says to be independent, from whom and from what you can be independent. The third row is to be successful in what?

Let's determine which of the teams is the most independent.

You worked in groups, this is independence, you yourself coped with the task without prompting.

Now let's determine the degree of independence of each of you. Let's do a little survey now.

1. I do my homework...

2. I do household chores…

3. I go to the store ...

4. I buy clothes ...

5. I go to clubs because…

Count the same number of letters. If you are dominated by the number of letters "A" - then you are very independent, then "B" - then not quite independent, "C" - then you need to work on your independence, "D" - think about your actions.

The former teams remain in rows, we will play a game called "Do It Yourself". Now we will give you the components of some kind of action, your task is to arrange in right order. The first row is cooking dinner; the second is cleaning the room; the third is work on the abstract. Raise your hand if you can (check on the slide). In order to be independent, you need to understand the circumstances. So that independence does not hurt. Sometimes being too independent can be harmful. Now we will make sure by looking at the cartoon "Luntik" known to you. What is Kuzi's mistake? (you yourself are responsible for the result, if you don’t know how, don’t take it).

I distribute cards, qualities are written on them, the phrase is written on the slide, “To develop my independence, I need ...” Now put a + next to those qualities that you consider the correct continuation for the phrase.

A responsibility

Confidence

Justice

distraction

Carelessness.

Save these sheets and work on your independence.

So, independence... Think again about the meaning of this word. Self-standing, i.e. to stand alone, without support, not to be just a tenant in the house, a dependent, to stand right in the face of difficulties, trials. If you are like that, everyone, including your parents, will recognize your right to independence and will consider you an adult. What conclusion did you make for yourself? What made you think about the lesson?

What did you especially like? What didn't you like? What will be useful in the future?

Hello, dear readers and guests!

Often you can hear from parents that their child does not know how to play alone, to occupy himself, does not want to do any housework. Coming home from work, mom can see a mountain of dishes, scattered things and an unfinished task. Explanations are usually not available.

Preschoolers, in turn, throw tantrums out of boredom, do not leave their mother for a minute, all the while expecting and demanding something. If you are familiar with such situations, then most likely your child is simply not independent. How can a child be taught independence and is it possible to do this?

We will try to answer these questions and give basic recommendations to parents that will help to educate this important character trait in a child.

What does it mean to be independent?

To begin with, parents need to figure out what the concept of an independent child means. Probably, many are familiar with the situation when a mother needs to clean up, cook dinner, relax a little, and at this moment she tries to “get rid” of the baby so that he does not interfere. Having received a strong protest, the mother complains about the lack of independence of the child and his inability to do something alone.

But independence is not loneliness, that is, an independent baby is not a child who plays alone in his room. This is a person who can do things on his own. The task of parents is not to force, but to show that he can do it himself. Then, even being next to his mother, he will not distract her from personal affairs.

When to start?

If we talk about when to start educating independence, then, of course, the sooner the better. For a child, this will not be a surprise, he will perceive independence as a familiar and natural action.

With a teenager, this ease will be very difficult to achieve, you will have to spend a lot of effort, time and patience. After all, before the dishes were washed by themselves, the clothes were already washed and cooked, dinner was served immediately on the table - this is convenient, it is unlikely that any person will calmly agree to give up comfort, especially during adolescence.

The key point in the development of independence at any age is the patience and perseverance of parents.

It is from the rush and lack of time that it is easier for the mother to do it herself and not involve her child in household chores. But in order not to face such problems in the future as: uncertainty, capriciousness, lack of initiative, dependence on other people's opinions, constant search for approval and solace, and not always from parents, often a bad company can play this role, adults need to reconsider their behavior.

There is no magic method, but by adhering to some actionable advice, you can avoid mistakes or correct the behavior of the child.

Independence will allow him to be active, confident, help him gain knowledge, save him from pernicious influence and learn to make choices.

Of course, one cannot fail to note free time, which will appear with mom if her baby can calmly play the game or make himself a sandwich after school.

So, it is better to start raising independence earlier, but focusing on your own child.

• Don't give ready-made answers , show and motivate to find a way to achieve the goal. Sometimes it is good to leave the child alone and let him try to do something himself. Of course, it is much easier, and sometimes safer for mom to solve all the problems, but in this case, you doom your son or daughter to complete dependence on you.

For example, a toddler reaches for a toy, at this moment mom needs to give him the opportunity to do it himself, maybe right now he will roll over or crawl for the first time.

A teenager wants to learn how to cook a simple dish, give him this opportunity. To help without interfering, give a cookbook with proven recipes, but you don’t need to sit and control, say hand in hand what you would do differently, and even more so do it for him.

Even if he breaks something or the food burns, this is not as scary as absolute inability to live.

The same point can be attributed to the creation of conditions. This refers to a private space or room where shelves, a table, a closet, toys are easily accessible. The baby will be able to approach and take what he needs on his own. For this, a great option is

• Engage in the process . Do you know the situation when mom starts cleaning, and so that the fidget does not spin under her feet, they hand him a phone, escort him out into the street, turn on cartoons.

If so, then it's time to change your behavior. So that in the future you do not have to remind, push, do something for the child. Kids are very inquisitive, they like to repeat after adults and easily make contact with their mother.

This should be used for good - wipe the dust, offer the baby a rag and show how to use it. Let him wipe toys, books, his table, this will become his personal duty around the house, and every time when mom starts cleaning, the baby will remember this, but act on his own initiative.

• promotion. It is imperative to encourage the desire to be independent. Praise for collected toys, attempts to go to the potty and wash it. There are almost no trifles in this matter, because an adult and a child different understanding significance.

The baby is just learning to fasten buttons, eat with a spoon, and for him this is a real test, so even if it doesn’t work the first time, you need to encourage the attempt itself. A skill is honed with practice.

Independence is the ability to take action and find solutions on your own. The role of parents in the development of this quality is great, it is important to feel the line between the creation safe conditions, caring for the life of the baby and the prohibition of attempts to express themselves.

With the right approach, your baby will grow up as an independent person, and will not depend on someone else's opinion or circumstances.

See you soon!

Write comments about how you teach your baby to act independently.