Zheludok is an urban-type settlement in the Shchuchinsky district of the Grodno region. The population is approximately 1017 people. The name of the village Zheludok (small acorn) comes from the name of the local river Zheludyanka - the right tributary of the Neman. The banks of Zheludyanka were strewn with acorns from oak forests.

For the first time the Stomach was mentioned in chronicles at the end of the 14th century. And in 1490 Grand Duke Lithuanian Casimir built the first church in Zheludok, which was made of wood. During the 16th century, nearby state lands were transferred, and then inherited by the local gentry. The stomach was part of the estates of different dynasties. By 1690, it consisted of 226 houses and was the largest of the gentry possessions of the Belarusian Ponyomania. But frequent change owners continued further, which had a bad effect on the development of the town.

In the 18th century, the Stomach became the property of the Tizengauz family, who owned it for about two hundred years. In 1854, a beautiful stone church in the style of late classicism was erected on the estate. It has survived to this day, previously it was wonderfully restored. The Church of the Assumption of the Virgin Mary is a significant landmark of Zheludok.

By the beginning of the 20th century, the landowners lived in a one-story house, which was too small for them. Therefore, in 1907, Prince Ludwig (son of Vladimir Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky) decided to build a magnificent palace. The chief architect of the Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky estate was the then-fashionable Polish-Italian professional Vladislav Marconi. The architect mixed several styles when creating this masterpiece. The neo-baroque palace, the wing looks like a small castle from the Middle Ages with Art Nouveau components. A pleasant picture is complemented by a neo-Gothic chapel, a mill and a smithy, a carriage house and a stable, a barn and a tavern (drinking establishment or tavern) at the entrance. The outbuildings were made of stone.

The palace presents a large catfish two-story mansion with many windows and a huge original door. Opening the door, you can see a darkened hallway and a bright hall in front with a huge massive central staircase to the second floor. It seems that the carved railings remember everyone who touched them: princes, soldiers, modern people. In each wing of the palace there is an additional staircase somewhat simpler than the central one. All rooms with very high ceilings and huge double doors of those times. The corridors are now empty, and the whole house is steeped in history.

All buildings of the estate are connected by a regular (French) park, which consists of centuries-old trees and shrubs. The path between the trees is paved with paving stones. In 2014, the Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky estate became private property. Restoration work has begun, agreed with the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus.

Anyone who once visits the urban village of Zheludok will forever keep in his memory pleasant experience from the grandeur of the buildings of the possessions of Svyatopolk-Chetversky and the gentle genuine beauty of the French park of the palace territory.

stomach (emphasis on last syllable) in the Shchuchinsky district of the Grodno region - an ancient settlement that appeared in the 15th century. Already in 1490, Prince Casimir built a wooden church here. The Zheludok lands were in the possession of representatives of the most noble families of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania - the Polubinsky, Lasky, Sapieha, Fratskevich-Radziminsky, Tizengauz. By 1690, Kazimir Fratskevich-Radziminsky developed Zheludok to the point that it consisted of 226 houses and was one of the largest estates in the vicinity of the Neman. In 1835 Germania Tyzengauz handed over Zheludok as a dowry, her husband, Severin Urusky, built a stone church of the Ascension on the estate of the Blessed Virgin Mary. He is still standing. The last major owners of Zheludok were the Svyatopolk-Chetvertinskys, who received the estate at their disposal after almost two hundred years of ownership by the Tizengauzs.

The majestic building, which is well preserved to this day, appeared on the site of a small one-story house in 1907-1908. Proud of their descent from Rurik, the Svyatopolk-Chetvertinskys - specifically, Ludwig - began the construction of an impressive neo-baroque palace. The building, which tourists come to see on vacation in the Grodno region, was designed by the Polish-Italian architect Vladislav Markoni. The palace was supplemented by a regular park, an outbuilding, a mill and a utility yard. The palace was a family nest until 1939, and the First World War did not bring him much trouble. By the time Zheludok was captured by the Red Army, the Zheludoksky Klyuch estate of Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky had 16,500 hectares of land, a distillery, a mill, a dryer, a nursery for garden plants, a steam sawmill on the Neman, a river pier, three tanneries, a hospital, four schools for children, a pharmacy, a veterinary station, a post office equipped with a telegraph, a boiler room and two power plants.

Ludwig Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky, died in Auschwitz on May 03, 1941. And on June 27, 1941, the village itself burned down, in which Pan Ludwig invested so much effort. In the estate of Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky from 1941 to 1944 German troops set up a military hospital. Further, until 1960, nothing is known about the functional use of the palace. From 1960 to 1983 the estate was transferred to the military unit air defense. Then she "lodged" here military equipment. After in 1992 Military Unit was disbanded, the estate was transferred to the jurisdiction of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Belarus, to the Department for agriculture. During the 20 years that the estate belonged to the Academy, several films and videos were filmed here, for example, the film Masacra. This period caused severe damage to the palace, although the area was formally protected.

In 2014, the Moscow Gavrilov family of entrepreneurs bought the palace and park complex into private ownership. It is assumed that a tourism object can be created here, where guests can come to rest in the Grodno region.

Zheludok (Belarusian Zhaludok, Polish oudek) is an urban settlement in the Shchuchinsky district of the Grodno region of Belarus

Formerly Zholudok, a town in the Vilna province, Lida district. The name comes from the word "acorn" (Polish "od").

Located 7 km from the railway. station Zheludok (on the line Bridges - Molodechno). Tiled, sawmills. In 1700, the Swedish king Charles XII lived here.

In 1854, the stone church of the Assumption of the Mother of God was built, founded by Countess Germania of Urus.

In 1900, the palace and park complex of Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky was erected.

Population according to 2005 - 1500 people

Historical background on the urban settlement of Zheludok, Shchuchinsky district, Grodno region, Republic of Belarus

Zheludok is one of the oldest inhabited places in Belarus. According to L. Pobol, in 1915 or 1916, a hoard of Roman coins of the 2nd century BC was found in one of the local gardens. AD This is also evidenced by random finds of ancient ceramics. Although archaeological excavations never held in Zheludok, and the treasure was lost during the First World War, we can confidently assume that people lived here already 1800 years ago. The name comes from the Zheludyanka River, the right tributary of the Neman, whose banks in the Middle Ages were strewn with acorns of local oak forests. According to local legends, the vicinity of Zheludok was a favorite hunting place for the first Lithuanian princes. AT written sources The stomach is first mentioned in spy reports. Teutonic Order in 1385 as a rural possession of Stegeville - "Stegewillendorf Szolutka". The gentry family of the Stegvillovichs was known in the 16th century. in the territory of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. It is not known for sure whether they were the owners of Zheludok or acted as administrators of the Grand Duke of Lithuania. The second option is more likely, since in 1495 princely subjects from Zheludok Voronovichi are mentioned, which indicates the state (grand princely) status locality. In addition, the founder of the first Zhudok church in 1490 was the Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir, and not any "private" person. In October 1503, the governor of Zheludok was the grand-ducal "court hunter and stableman" pan Martin Khreptovich. In 1510 Pan Nikolai Yuryevich Patsovich was mentioned as the governor of Zhudoksky. As a result of the run Crimean Tatars in 1506 the church was burnt down. The temple was restored by order Polish king and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund I the Old in 1529. In 1512 Zheludok was mentioned in the list of courts of the Grand Duke in the Lida district. Thus, initially Zheludok was the center of the princely eldership - the "power of Zholud", less often "Zholud volost" or "povet" (until 1567). For the first time, the Zholudsky povet was mentioned in September 1506. The next mention refers to 1509. At that time, Mozheikovo was part of the povet, and the power in the povet was exercised by the Zheludok governor. According to the Polish researcher S. Aleksandrovich, since 1486 Zheludok was a small town. In 1536 historical sources for the first time, “targi” (bazaars) were recorded in Zheludok on Mondays. The gradual transition of Zheludok into private ownership began at the beginning of the 16th century. In December 1518, Prince Vasily Andreevich Polubinsky was mentioned as the "ruler of Zholudsky". In 1516, the prince gave the king a loan of 600 kopeks of groschen, but retained the obligation to annually give from Zheludok 50 barrels of oats, 50 barrels of hut, 5 wagons of hay and meat: "yalovits, wild boars, sheep." Later, Prince V.A. Polubinsky loaned the king another 100 kopecks of groschen, for which all payments from Zheludok to the state treasury were canceled, and the grand ducal administration lost the right to interfere in the affairs of the starostvo. Prince V.A. Polubinsky as a "Zholud ruler" last time is mentioned in the acts of the Lithuanian Metrika in 1530. Numerous boyars lived in Zheludok and its environs - representatives of the military service class of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The census of the troops of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 1528 contains the names of 36 Zhudok boyars who were obliged to serve in the army with their weapons. They included a detachment of 21 boyars, who periodically guarded the famous Trakai castle. But in the census of the troops of 1567, the Zhudok boyars are no longer singled out separately (in contrast to the Vasilishkovsky and Ostrinsky ones). This can only be explained by the fact that mid-sixteenth in. The stomach became private property. One of the first documented investigations in the history of Belarus is connected with Zheludok. In 1514, the "governor's zholudsky spit" (outbuilding) was "smashed and taken away" by the boyars from the outskirts of Eishishki (now Eishishkes in the Republic of Lithuania). The investigation into this case was conducted by the "detective" Yushko Venevich. In 1535, Zheludok and Vysokiy Dvor (in Lithuania, west of modern Trakai) were granted by King Sigismund I to the Old defector from Muscovy, Ivan Vasilyevich Lasky (1480 - 1542), a former deceiver of the Moscow princes. Apparently, in relation to Zheludok, this was a temporary possession, since. in the High Court, the Laskies built a “castle”, in 1629 they founded a Carmelite monastery, but nothing is known about their activities in Zheludok. Then the Sapiehas became the owners of Zheludok. They received it from the grand duke's power as compensation for material losses on the public service. The date of this event has not yet been set. This probably happened in the middle of the 16th century. in connection with the large territorial losses of the house of Sapieha in the east, where many lands of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania went "to Moscow" or were devastated by the tsarist troops. In this context, it is important that government retained some control over the Stomach, as Sapiehas were limited in the rights of free disposal of the settlement. According to Roman Aftanazy, as a result of the marriage of the daughter of the "Marshal of the Gospodar", the governor of Vitebsk and Podlachi Ivan Bogdanovich Sapieha (1480 - 1546) Anna Sapezhanka (d. 1580) with the Vitebsk subcommittee and the steward of Lida Nikolai Fratskevich-Radziminsky, the stomach passed to this Mazovian gentry kind. The transition of Zheludok to the Fratskeviches-Radziminskys of the Brodyts coat of arms could have taken place around 1570. did not belong to the royal lands, although this contradicts other sources. Apparently, the Fratskevichi-Radziminskys were also limited in their rights to the Stomach. Otherwise it is impossible to explain why long time they did not show any activity in relation to their possession. Only in 1680, under unclear circumstances, Zheludok, more precisely, the “Zheludoksky Key”, a large land holding on both banks of the Neman with a noble court, a town, villages, arable land and forests - passed into the full possession of Kazimir Fratskevich-Radziminsky (1638 - 1694). Already in 1682, the Minsk subchalice, the Lida subcommissariat, the headman of Krevo and Lida, Kazimir Fratskevich-Radziminsky, together with his wife Alexandra, founded a church and a monastery of the “old” Carmelites in Zheludok, which lasted until 1832. In 1690, the Zheludoksky key consisted of 226 smokes and was one of the largest gentry possessions in the Belarusian Ponemanye. In 1706, the choice of Zheludok as the headquarters Swedish king Charles XII during the Grodno operation testifies enough high level development of the town and its advantageous location. AT early XVIII in. Alexandra Fratskevich-Radziminskaya, daughter of David Fratskevich-Radziminskiy, married the great clerk of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Count Mikhail Tyzengauz (died in 1726). He bought half of the Stomach Key from his father-in-law for 5,000 thalers. But after the death of her husband, the mother-in-law refused to recognize the deal, and until 1740 between the Tyzengauzes and the Fratskeviches-Radziminskys trial, as a result of which the transaction was recognized as valid. So Zheludok became the property of the Counts Tyzengauzes of their own coat of arms "Buffalo" - the Polonized descendants of the German crusaders from the Baltic. Mikhail's son, Benedict Tizengauz, bought the remaining parts of the Stomach Key from the Frantskevich-Radziminsky and Zhabov and restored the integrity of the possessions. After Benedict and Anna from Begansky Tyzengauz, the Zheludok became the property of the famous statesman to the Lithuanian steward, the administrator of the royal economy, the headman of Grodno, Count Anthony Tyzengauz (1733 - 1785). In 1773 - 1780, Anthony Tyzengauz tried to implement broad reforms in the GDL in industry, the state agricultural sector and the field of education. He was well acquainted with the famous scientists of his time: the philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau, whom A. Tizengauz invited to move to Belarus, and the naturalist Jean-Emmanuel Zhiliber, who, at the invitation of A. Tizengauz, successfully worked in Grodno in 1775 - 1781. During the implementation of the reform problems were used to remove from power the owner of the Stomach. The remains of Anthony Tyzengauz and a number of his relatives are still buried in the local church. After Anthony Tyzengauz, the stomach passed to his nephew Ignatius Tyzengauz (d. 1822), the last chief of the Lithuanian guard. Then to his son Rudolf Tyzengauz (1782 - 1830) - a Napoleonic colonel, who in 1812 organized a cavalry artillery company (124 people) in Zheludok, who fought on the side of the French in 1812 - 1814. A famous naturalist, scientist was born in Zheludok ornithologist Konstantin Tizengauz (1786 - 1853). During the time of the Tyzenhaus, Stomach was famous for its magnificent garden and violin quartet created by Rudolf Tyzenhaus. The property of this music lover was one of the Stradivari violins. In 1834, the "landlord estate Zheludok of the juvenile countess Tyzengauz" consisted of 2528 male and 2570 women's showers(including the villages included in the estate). Under the name of Zheludok at that time there were four settlements: the town, the count's estate, plebania (ownership of the church) and "wealthy". In 1835, as a dowry of Germany Tyzengauz, who married Count Severin of Uru, Zheludok became the property of this noble family. According to the metric books of the Radunsky deanery catholic church in 1838, 251 baptisms, 57 weddings, and 119 funerals were performed in the Zhudok church. In 1842, similar figures were: 239 baptisms, 61 weddings, 127 funerals. In 1854, a stone church of the Ascension was built in Zheludok. Its "fundator" is Germania from Tizengauz Uruskaya. The miraculous icon of the Mother of God was transferred to the church from the wooden chapel in Krasuly, to which thousands of pilgrims flocked. This icon was brought by Pan Vasily Gubar from Smolensk in 1523. At the beginning of the 20th century. the stomach parish (Roman Catholic parish) was one of the largest and numbered 9,700 believers. AT late XVIII in. in case of gastric parish, a small "spital" (hospital) was opened. Funds for this were allocated by the Lida underage Rafal Seklyutsky in the amount of 3,000 zlotys, placed at 6% on the estates of Brzozovek and Olgovo. Soon Maria Uruskaya (1853 - 1931) married Prince Vladimir Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky. Their son is Prince Ludwig Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky (1877 - 1941), who ended his life in fascist Auschwitz, was the last noble owner of the Stomach. However, while Countess Germania from Tizengauz Uruskaya was alive, she was considered the owner of the Stomach. It is she who is named in the Commemorative Book of the Vilna Province for 1891 as the owner of the town. Therefore, it can be argued that, in fact, the Tyzengauzes owned the Zheludok and the surrounding lands for the longest time - about 200 years. In 1908, Vladimir Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky built near the town, according to the project of the famous architect Vladislav Markoni, a non-trimmed estate that has survived to this day. It included a palace, an outbuilding and a mill, "inscribed" in a park of a regular layout. Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky became the first documented owners of Zheludok who had conflict situations with local population. In 1905, the peasants refused to recognize the exclusive right of the princes to pastures and forests. In the interwar period, Prince Chetvertinsky disrupted the construction Orthodox Church in the town. In 1939, the Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky "Zheludoksky Key" included 16,500 hectares of land, a seed dryer, a garden nursery, a steam sawmill on the Neman, a river pier, a hospital, a boiler room and a power plant. Thus, known from late XIV c., stomach to early XVI in. was a state property. From 1516 to 1680 - under the Polubinsky, Lasky, Sapieha and Fratskevich-Radziminsky - there was a long process of transition of Zheludok into private ownership. The frequent change of ownership and the uncertain status of the settlement, which was essentially under dual control state and noble families, hampered the development of the Stomach. Only from 1680 Zheludok became a private property, but the continuing frequent change of owners - the Fratskevich-Radziminsky, Tizengauz, Urusky and Svyatopolk-Chetvertinsky - did not contribute to its development. As a result, until the beginning of the XX century. there was no extensive construction in the town, there were no educational and charitable institutions. None of the owners of Zheludok tried to give the place Magdeburg rights, which would allow expanding trade, obtaining self-government and its own coat of arms. At the same time, Zheludok was potentially one of the most promising settlements in Prinemanye. In 1830, 349 people lived in the landowner's town of Zheludok. In 1833 the population of Zheludok was 395 people, including 5 merchants of the 3rd guild. There were 17 stone and 24 wooden houses, 2 shops and 7 drinking houses in the town. In 1860, there were 88 houses and 581 inhabitants in Zheludok. The traveler Edward Khlopitsky, in his travel notes published in 1863, noted that Zheludok and its environs were very beautiful, all the lands were cultivated, and the villages were tidy. In the XIX - early XX century. The stomach was the center of the volost of the Lida district. In 1876, there were 26 villages, 328 households and 3,764 peasants of both sexes in the Zheludok volost. About 13% of the territory of the parish was forests. In 1876, 996 people lived in Zheludok, in 1889 - 1299, in 1897 - 1860, in 1909 - 1969 inhabitants. In the second half of the XIX - early XX century. in Zheludok on the day of the "Descent of the Holy Spirit" horse fairs known throughout Belarus were held. According to the reports of tsarist officials, their turnover reached 20 thousand rubles. In 1902, the first telephone connection was established in the estates of Zheludok and Lipichno. Since 1908, a Small Credit Partnership was opened in the town - the first banking institution on the territory of the modern Shchuchinsky district. The map of the town of Zheludok and its environs (18.517.5 versts) published in 1916 by the Petrograd topographic department apparently reflects its condition on the eve of the First World War (1914 - 1918), because. in the fall of 1915, Ponemanye was occupied by the troops of the Kaiser's Germany. According to the map, the Stomach had 5 radial streets and 196 courtyards. In the vicinity of the town there were 82 villages (an average of 20 - 30 households), 23 farms, 10 gentlemen's households, 5 farmsteads, 5 separate peasant households, several distilleries, brick and tar factories. Taverns were located along the roads total number 12 institutions: "Zhizhma", "Koryst", "Pogulyanka", "Vygoda", "Sands", etc. During the First World War, part of the population of Zheludok was evacuated to the Samara province. In the past, a significant percentage of the population of the town of Zheludok were Jews. At the end of the XVIII century. the local Jewish community consisted of 287 people who paid the poll tax, i.e. in fact, about 600 Jews lived in the town. In 1832, the Jewish qahal in Zheludok consisted of only 256 people of both sexes. Among famous natives The stomach of Jewish nationality should be noted writer Ben-Avigdor (Abraham Lev Shelkovich), a member French Academy artist Pinchas Karmen and philanthropist, founder of the Jewish People's Bank Rabbi Shmul Levin. In January 1925, there were 3 schools in Zheludok: the state general education school Polish(255 students), a private Jewish Orthodox school in Hebrew (58 students) and a private Jewish school in Yiddish (101 students), which was supported by parent committee. According to the Polish census dated September 30, 1921, in the town of Zheludok there were 274 houses and 1552 people: 1053 Jews, 467 Catholics, 31 Orthodox and 1 Lutheran. In addition, in the princely farm Zheludok there were 14 buildings and 242 people lived: 204 Catholics, 21 Orthodox and 17 Jews. In January 1940 Soviet authority changed the territorial-administrative division Western Belarus. Zheludok became an urban settlement and the center of the district of the same name. The district included 13 rural and 1 village councils. The population of the district was 37266 people, including the population of Zheludok - 2436 people. largest enterprise in Zheludok at that time was considered the distillery of Princess Chetvertinskaya. In addition, Zheludok had 2 power stations, a steam mill, 3 tanneries, a hospital with 40 beds, 4 schools, a pharmacy, a veterinary office, a post office and a telegraph office. In May 1945, the population of the district was 34,257 people, of which 6,905 signed up to leave for Poland as part of the ongoing repatriation. Polish population. The Zheludok region was abolished on April 17, 1962, and its territory became part of the Shchuchinsky, Dyatlovsky, Lida and Mostovsky regions of the BSSR. Since that time, Zhedudok has been an urban settlement in the Shchuchinsky district. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War June 27, 1941 The stomach was completely burned. Only one street survived - Orlyanskaya, where the Nazis organized a ghetto. On the night of May 23-24, 1943 partisan detachment in 120 people, led by B.A. Bulat, the Zheludok garrison was defeated. This was one of the first large and successful actions of the partisans, which disrupted German food supplies in the Zheludok region, and the Nazis put a reward of 75 thousand marks and 40 hectares of land on the head of the partisan commander. Among the well-known natives of Zheludok, one of the military leaders of the uprising Kastus Kalinovsky in the Grodno region in 1863 - 1864 Valery Vrublevsky (1836 - 1907), who later became a general, should be noted. Paris Commune 1871 and a member of the communist movement, personally acquainted with K. Marx, F. Engels, P. Lavrov. An outstanding Belarusian theater actress and teacher Galina (1899 - 1980) - Olga Vladimirovna Grudinskaya, married Alexandrovskaya, was born in Zheludok. The pseudonym Galina was coined by the classic of Belarusian literature Yakub Kolos in 1913. In 1979, the population of the urban settlement of Zheludok was 1846 people. In 1989 - 1870 people. In 1999 - 1631 people. As of January 1, 2001, the population of Zheludok was 1630 people. The attraction of the urban village is the Flower Festival, which in last years held every third Sunday in August. Since 2010, Zheludok has been the venue for sculptural plein-airs of Belarusian sculptures.