Moldova It is easy to find on the map, but this is not the most obvious option when choosing a trip to travel abroad. So far, quite a few tourists travel to the country, but this situation is not entirely deserved.
For residents of Russia, there are sparing conditions for entering Moldova, in addition, there are many attractions in the country, and nature and mild climate make the country a paradise for ecotourism.
Moldova on the map of the world and Europe
Moldova (Republic of Moldova) - small state formerly part of the USSR. Square The territory of the country is about 34 thousand km².
Holidays in the country will be surprisingly cheap, as Moldova is one of the poorest countries.
Where is?
Moldova is located in southeastern Europe on the very southwestern edge East European Plain in the interfluve of the Dniester and Prut, as well as on a small part of the coast of the left bank of the Dniester in the middle and lower reaches (Transnistria).
What countries borders?
When answering the question of whom Moldova borders on, many people mistakenly believe that the republic has borders with Russia, but this is not so.
The Republic of Moldova borders on two countries: Ukraine and . Moldova has no access to the sea. The time zone of Moldova is UTC +2 (in summer - UTC +3). The time difference between Chisinau and Chisinau is 1 hour in winter, summer period the time in the capitals of Russia and Moldova is the same.
General information about the country
Moldova is a unitary parliamentary republic, the head of government is appointed by the country's parliament, which is elected in general elections. The power of the head of state (president) is significantly limited by parliament.
Population The country, according to the authorities, is 3.5 million people, excluding Transnistria. However, the 2014 census recorded only 2.9 million people in areas controlled by the central government of Moldova. The population of Transnistria is estimated at about 500 thousand inhabitants. Thus, total strength The population of Moldova is from 3.5 to 4 million people.
Capital of Moldova - Kishinev, the largest city in the country. Official language countries - Moldavian, Russian has the status of a language of international significance. Ukrainian, Gagauz and Bulgarian languages are also common in Moldova.
In Transnistria, Russian, Moldovan and Ukrainian are official equal languages, but de facto the majority of the Transnistrian population speaks Russian.
Moldova - almost completely Christian country . Almost 95% of believers are Orthodox, the rest of the inhabitants belong to various Protestant churches. Catholicism, Islam and Judaism are practiced by an extremely small part of the country's inhabitants.
Climate
The climate of Moldova belongs to the continental variety temperate climate. The winter is quite mild, the average temperature in January is -3-5°C, the snow cover lasts 1-2 months. usually hot and very sunny, the average July temperature is +22°C. The amount of precipitation is almost evenly distributed throughout the year; in general, the climate of Moldova is dry, and droughts occur quite often in the country.
Entry to Moldova for Russians
The rules for entry into Moldova for residents of Russia are quite soft and similar rules of entry for citizens of Moldova in. Duration of continuous stay Russian citizens on the territory of Moldova is 90 days.
Do I need a visa and passport?
Visa permission for entry into Moldova for residents of Russia not required if the period of stay in this country does not exceed 90 days.
To cross the border with Moldova, Russians need a valid passport, children you must have a birth certificate. In case of entry into the territory of Moldova with one of the parents or with third parties, you must have permission or a power of attorney from the other parent (parents).
If the planned period of stay in Moldova exceeds 90 days, then you need to apply for a visa at the country's embassy or consular department.
How to get there?
Get to Moldova by air and by rail You can only from Moscow or St. Petersburg. There are daily departures from Moscow to Chisinau Airport 4 flights, from St. Petersburg flights are carried out on Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The flight time is about two hours.
A plane ticket can be purchased using this search form. Enter departure and arrival cities, date and number of passengers.
You can go to Moldova by rail, the daily train Moscow - Chisinau will deliver to the capital of Moldova in 30 hours. There is also a daily train from St. Petersburg, and the travel time will be about 40 hours.
You can get to Moldova by bus, bus flights depart from Moscow, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh and some other cities of Russia.
You can also go to the Republic by car, but due to the need to cross the border with Ukraine and tense Russian-Ukrainian relations, this mode of transportation has significantly lost its popularity.
Republic with regions and cities
There are 65 cities and about 900 villages in Moldova, general population country is about 3.5 million people.
Administrative division
Moldova is such a small country that it is divided not into regions, but into regions. Total Administrative division Moldova allocates 32 districts and 5 municipalities- cities with a special status, which include the largest settlements countries - Chisinau and Balti, as well as Comrat (Gagauzia), Tiraspol and Bendery (located in Transnistria).
In addition, in the administrative division of Moldova, a separate Gagauzia, in which more than 50% of the population are Gagauz - separate people Turkic origin, not related to Moldovans.
The left bank of the Dniester is Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic(PMR) - unrecognized state proclaimed in 1990.
The Transnistrian conflict, the hot form of which in 1992 ended in a short civil war, currently frozen.
The territory of Transnistria is not controlled central authorities, the PMR has its own currency (Transnistrian ruble), its own parliament and head of state (president of the PMR) are elected. Due to the unrecognized status of the PMR, close relations have been established between Transnistria and the rest of Moldova. economic ties, and movement between the two parts of the country is practically free. The capital of Transnistria is a city Tiraspol. The population of Transnistria is about 500 thousand people.
Big cities
Due to the small size of the country and the largely rural type of settlement of inhabitants major cities few in Moldova. Most Big city countries - Kishinev, which is home to 750 thousand people. Other major cities in Moldova include:
- Tiraspol(150 thousand inhabitants);
- Balti(140 thousand);
- Bendery(about 90 thousand);
- Rybnitsa(50 thousand local residents).
If you are going to take strong drinks on vacation, then check out how much alcohol you can take in airplane luggage.
The population of other cities of Moldova is much smaller and does not exceed 40 thousand inhabitants.
What is the country famous for and what to see?
The first association that arises in connection with Moldova is, of course, wine. Indeed, winemaking plays huge role in the economy and culture of Moldova. Also, Moldova can boast rich history- in the Middle Ages, the Moldavian principality was one of the most powerful states southeastern Europe, and the rulers of Moldova built a whole system of fortresses that protected the country from enemies.
Attractions - photo and description
Despite the country's modest size and small population, there is something to be surprised and admired in Moldova. Another positive factor is that Moldovans are good at in Russian. The main attractions of the country are rather worth looking for outside of Chisinau in various Moldovan cities.
Nature
The nature of Moldova is quite diverse and different crossed character. Almost the entire area is indented with hills, gullies and ravines. Forest-steppes are widespread in the northern part of the country, and southern part Moldova is a steppe, almost completely converted into agricultural land.
In the northern part of the country there are dense forests - Codri, which consist of oak, hornbeam and ash thickets, as well as beech groves. The wild fauna of the country is represented by more than 400 species of animals and birds.
The main rivers of Moldova - Dniester and Rod, also the country has a tiny outlet (less than a kilometer) to the Danube. There are practically no large lakes on the territory of Moldova.
Almost all suitable terrain is widely used in agriculture. Countryside countries are very picturesque: Moldova is literally dotted with orchards in which a variety of fruits are grown, fields are occupied by planting corn and sunflowers, and vineyards are located on the hills.
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Moldova (Republic of Moldova) is a small state located in the eastern part of Europe. Formerly part of the USSR. Administratively it consists of 32 districts, each of which has administrative center- city-residence.
The largest cities: Chisinau, Balti, Bendery, Comrat.
The capital of Moldova is the city of Chisinau.
Borders and area
Land border with Ukraine in the south, north and east and with Romania in the west.
The Republic of Moldova covers an area of 33,843 square kilometers.
Moldova map
Timezone
Population
3,564,000 people.
Language
The official language is Moldovan.
Religion
More than 90% of the population of Moldova are Orthodox, about 0.15% are Old Believers.
Finance
Official currency unit- Moldovan leu.
Medical care and insurance
Emergency assistance is free. Before visiting, it is recommended to purchase international health insurance.
Mains voltage
220 volt. Frequency 50 Hz.
International dialing code
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(The Republic of Moldova)
Geographical position. Moldova is a state in the southeast of Europe. It borders Ukraine in the north, east and south, and Romania in the west. Square. The territory of Moldova occupies 33,700 sq. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of Moldova is Chisinau. The largest cities: Chisinau (754 thousand people), Tiraspol (186 thousand people), Tigina (162 thousand people). Administratively, Moldova is divided into 40 regions.
Republic of Moldova. The head of state is the president, the head of government is the prime minister. The legislature is a unicameral parliament.
Relief. The surface of Moldova is a hilly plain, intersected river valleys and beams; the most elevated part is the Codru hill (height up to 429 m) in the center of the country.
Geological structure and minerals. On the territory of Moldova there are deposits of phosphorites, clay, limestone.
Climate. The climate in the country is mild: the average temperature in January is about -4°С, the average temperature in July is about +20°С.
Inland waters. The rivers of Moldova belong to the Black Sea basin. The largest river is the Dniester, the second largest is the Prut.
Soils and vegetation. Moldova is located in the steppe and forest-steppe zones. Forests occupy 8% of the territory of the republic. About two thirds of the forested area is occupied by oak plantations.
Animal world. The fauna of Moldova is quite rich: a large number of deer, roe deer, badgers, martens, weasels; ermine is found. There are many rodents in the steppes: ground squirrel, hamster, ferret, field mouse and baby. Pelicans nest in the lower reaches of the Prut.
Population and language
The population of the Republic of Moldova is 4.458 million people, average density population of about 132 people per 1 sq. km. km. ethnic groups: Moldovans - 65%, Ukrainians -14%), Russians - 13%, Gagauz-3%>, Bulgarians-2%. Languages: Romanian, Russian, Ukrainian.
Religion
Religion: Orthodoxy - 98.5%, Judaism - 1.5%.
Brief historical sketch
In the X-XII centuries. As a result of the invasion of the nomadic Pechenegs and Polovtsy, the Slavic population from the territory of present-day Moldova almost completely disappeared.
In 1359, as a result liberation war against the Hungarian king, an independent Moldavian principality arose.
In 1711 Moldova came under Turkish rule. :
Russo-Turkish War 1806-1812 ended with the Treaty of Bucharest, under which East End Moldova (Bessarabia) went to Russia. In 1918, a Soviet authority. On August 27, 1991, Moldova declared independence.
Brief economic essay
Moldova is an agro-industrial country. Leading Industry industry - food(fruit and vegetable canning, sugar, wine-making, oil-pressing, including the production of rose, sage, mint, lavender oils, dairy and oil-producing, tobacco, etc.). Mechanical engineering is developing; enterprises of the chemical, woodworking, metallurgical, light industry. Importance have fruit growing, viticulture and vegetable growing. Crops of grain, fodder and industrial (sunflower, sugar beet, tobacco, essential oil) crops. Grow vegetables and potatoes. The main branches of animal husbandry are dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig breeding, and poultry farming. Export: foodstuffs, textiles, machinery and equipment, chemical goods.
The monetary unit is the Moldovan leu.
Brief essay culture
Art and architecture. Among the main attractions of Moldova are the Cricova wine cellars, located in the mined-out mines for the extraction of shell rock, the largest wine cellars in the world. .
Moldova or the Republic of Moldova is a parliamentary republic located in the southeast of Europe. satellite map Moldova shows that the state borders on Romania and Ukraine. The country covers an area of 33,846 km2, through which two main rivers flow - the Prut and the Dniester.
On the detailed map Moldova, you can see that the country is divided into 32 regions, 5 municipalities, one autonomous territorial entity - Gagauzia and one autonomous territorial entity with a special status - Transnistria. The Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic, unrecognized by the Moldovan authorities, is located on the territory of Transnistria. This is a zone of military conflict, which they are trying to resolve with the help of peacekeepers. The city of Bender is located on the territory of this district.
Moldova includes 65 cities. The largest cities are Chisinau (the capital), Balti, Tiraspol, Bendery, Rybnitsa and Cahul.
Today Moldova is considered the most poor country Europe. The country's economy is based on agriculture: food products and textiles are exported. Moldova is famous for its wines: there are 174 wineries in the country.
The national currency of the country is the Moldovan leu.
History reference
In 1359, the Moldavian principality was formed. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the territory of the principality was part of Ottoman Empire. AT late XVIII century as a result Russian-Turkish wars the left bank of the Dniester went to Russian Empire. In 1812, Bessarabia became part of Russia. AT mid-nineteenth century Wallachia and Moldavia united to form Romania.
In 1917, the Moldavian democratic republic. In 1918, Bessarabia became part of Romania. In 1924, the Moldavian ASSR was formed. In 1940 it was transformed into the MSSR. In 1991, the country gained independence from the USSR.
must visit
The satellite road map of Moldova shows that the main highways connect Largest cities countries. It is recommended to visit the capital of the country Chisinau and the cities of Tiraspol, Balti and Orhei. To visit the Bendery fortress in the city of Bendery, you will need permission from the border guards.
Among the attractions of Moldova, it is worth noting the wine cellars of Small Milesti and Cricova, medieval monasteries and cities (Old Orhei), as well as balneological resorts, for example, Vadul-lui-Voda, Cahul, Calarasi and Kamenka.
