Biology exam is one of the most popular USE subjects. According to statistics, more than 20% of all applicants pass it. Biology is not a mandatory subject, it will be needed for those who are going to enter medical universities, as well as for future biologists and psychologists.

How was the passing of the exam in biology in 2013

More than 160,000 people took biology last year. The average score of those who passed, according to 2013, was 54.89. As the results show, most applicants score over 40 points, but score maximum amount points is very difficult, so only a few were able to become hundred-man.

What to expect from the exam in biology in 2014?

• Changes in KIMs on this subject are not expected.
• The time to pass the exam is 180 minutes. Despite the small amount of time allotted, there are a lot of tasks in the exam in biology - 50.
• The minimum passing score is 36.
• The planned (so far approximate) date for passing the exam is May 30, 2014.

Exam Structure

The structure of the exam will be the same as last year:

• A total of 50 tasks, which are divided into three parts.
• Part A consists of 36 tasks designed for a basic level of knowledge.
• In part B 8 tasks advanced level difficulties.
• Part C includes 6 tasks high complexity.
• Part A tests are worth 1 point. For the tasks of part B, you can get a maximum of 2 points, who made one mistake - 1 point is awarded, and if more mistakes, there will be no points at all. The maximum possible score for Part C is 3.
• The total number of possible points is 69. In order to score the minimum passing last year, it took only 17 primary points, which corresponded to 36 test ones.

• The first thing you should pay attention to is the fact that with a small amount of time, there are a lot of questions. Therefore, it is recommended to spend no more than a couple of minutes on the task of part A, spend five minutes on the questions of part B, then you will have enough time to solve the problems of part C.
• To receive fast and right decisions, you will have to master a huge amount of information. Don't leave it on last moment, it is best to start preparing in advance.
• The more correct answers you can give, the more likely you are to get a decent score. Don't dwell on questions you don't know the answer to. Move on and review the missed test later if you have time.

Demo version of the exam 2014 in biology

Every year, FIPI develops not only tests for the USE, but also their demo options which are designed to prepare applicants for the exam. They allow you to assess the level of your knowledge, as well as calculate the gaps in your education. You can download the demo version from the link on our website:

• Demo version of the Unified State Examination in Biology 2014 (pdf, 443Kb)
• Specification KIM 2014 (pdf, 210Kb)
• Biology Content Element Codifier 2014 (pdf, 162Kb)

How to prepare for passing the exam in biology

Despite the fact that the biology exam is considered by many to be not very difficult, preparing for it is not so easy. You will have to master a lot of information, and not only from school course. You can prepare for the exam yourself, scooping the missing material from additional literature or the Internet or use the help of a tutor.

Useful materials

You can fully prepare for the exam only in in full having all the information. Here we will post materials that can help you prepare.

Need help with your studies?

The exam in biology is taken at the request of students to receive education in medical and some other specialties. In 2013, it was chosen by 21.8% of graduates of grade 11, while 6% of them received an unsatisfactory grade, which indicates the high complexity of the exam.

Average test score per last year- 58.6; the number of hundred points is 466.

The rules for conducting the exam and scoring are defined in the FIPI specification for the USE 2014. According to this document, according to the test results, you need to get not less than 36 points. in 2012 and 2013 had the same meaning.

The biology test must be completed in 180 minutes. Apply Additional materials graduates are not allowed. Preparation for the unified state exam inbiology2014 FIPI recommends using special ones that are completely similar to CIMs. They will help to repeat the program in this subject and learn the order of filling in the forms. The list of topics for the USE in biology 2014, in accordance with which the bank of tasks is compiled, can be found in the FIPI codifier. It must be emphasized that some of them are not covered by the demo questions, so it is necessary to use the tutorial when preparing.

The main difficulty of this exam is limited quantity time and enough large numbers tasks (50 pcs.) Therefore, graduates need not only to study the material well, but also to properly organize their work with the test. It is advisable to answer the questions in order. If any of them cause problems, they should be skipped. In the event that there is not enough time to solve the entire test, you should try to complete the first two sections and at least some of the tasks of parts C1-C3.

USE options in biology

Structure USE options forbiology2014:

Part A – 36 theoretical questions, the answer is selected from four options. 26 of them have First level difficulty, 10 - medium. They test knowledge fundamentals school biology course.

Part B– 8 questions, the answer is given in the form number sequence. The level of difficulty of these tasks is medium. To complete tasks B1-B7 and B8, it is necessary to be able to compare data, build logical sequences, classify information, explain the causes of biological phenomena.

Part C– 6 questions with detailed answers, which are written in the form of reasoned reasoning. The first of them belongs to the category of medium complexity, the rest - to high. This section Unified State Examinationbiology2014 checks the ability of students to operate with theoretical knowledge, establish causal relationships between phenomena, solve practical tasks use terminology correctly when explaining your point of view.

On our website, graduates can download USE assignments forbiologycdecision.

Reminder to the student

INTRODUCTION

The proposed manual is addressed to high school students and applicants to prepare for the Unified State Exam in Biology. The biology exam is one of the exams that a graduate of the secondary school secondary school surrenders by choice. The USE is carried out using tasks of a standardized form - control measuring materials (CMM), which check biological knowledge for the entire school course from grades 5 to 11.
The content of the test at the Unified State Exam is knowledge and skills in all sections of the school biology course. They are grouped into 7 content blocks.

The first block “Biology as a science. Methods scientific knowledge» includes material on the achievements of biology, research methods, the role of scientists in understanding the world around common features biological systems, the main levels of organization of wildlife, the role biological theories, ideas, hypotheses in the formation of the modern natural-science picture of the world.

The second block "Cage as biological system» contains tasks that test knowledge about the structure and functions of the cell, its chemical organization, gene and genetic code, metabolism, variety of cells, their division; the ability to establish the relationship between the structure and functions of cell organelles; recognize and compare cells different organisms processes that take place in them.

The third block "The body as a biological system" controls the assimilation of knowledge about viruses, about the organismic level of life organization, its inherent patterns, about harmful influence mutagens, alcohol, drugs, nicotine on the genetic apparatus of the cell, protecting the environment from pollution by mutagens, hereditary diseases human, their causes and prevention, selection of organisms and biotechnology; mastering the ability to compare biological objects, processes, phenomena, apply knowledge of biological terminology and symbols in solving problems in genetics.

In the fourth block "System and diversity organic world» knowledge about the diversity, structure, vital activity and reproduction of organisms of various kingdoms of wildlife is tested; the ability to compare organisms, characterize and determine their belonging to a particular systematic taxon, establish causal relationships between the structure and function of organs and organ systems of organisms different kingdoms, the relationship between organisms and the environment.

The fifth block "The human body and its health" reveals the level of assimilation of the system of knowledge about the structure and life of the human body, which underlies the formation of hygienic norms and rules healthy lifestyle life, prevention of injuries and diseases; mastering the skills to substantiate the relationship of organs and systems of human organs, features due to upright posture and labor activity; draw a conclusion about the role of neurohumoral regulation of vital processes and features of higher nervous activity person.

In the sixth block "Evolution of wildlife" includes tasks aimed at controlling knowledge about the species and its structure, driving forces, directions and results of the evolution of the organic world, stages of anthropogenesis, the biosocial nature of man; ability to identify essential features species, populations, characterize the criteria of the species, the causes and stages of evolution, explain the main aromorphoses in the evolution of the plant and animal world, establish the reasons for the diversity of species and the adaptability of organisms to the environment, and provide evidence of the relationship between humans and mammals.

The seventh block "Ecosystems and their inherent patterns" compose tasks aimed at testing knowledge about environmental patterns, food chains, the circulation of substances in the biosphere; the ability to establish the relationship of organisms, humans and the environment; explain the reasons for sustainability, self-regulation, self-development and change of ecosystems, the need to preserve the diversity of species, protect the environment as the basis sustainable development biosphere; analyze and evaluate global changes in the biosphere.

A significant place in the work is given to control theoretical knowledge, general biological patterns that manifest themselves in different levels wildlife organizations. These include theories: cellular, chromosomal, evolutionary; laws of heredity and variability; environmental patterns development of the biosphere. From the basic school, material is checked on the classification, structure, vital activity of organisms from different kingdoms of wildlife, their role in nature and human life. In addition, the tests test material of a practical nature, such as the consequences of the influence of human activities on environment, compliance with disease prevention measures and the rules of a healthy lifestyle, norms of behavior in nature, solving biological problems, etc.

It should be noted that different types tasks check not only the graduates' mastery of the content of the biology course, but also their biological literacy and competence, the ability to apply the acquired knowledge in new non-standard situations, to justify the danger of global changes in the biosphere, analysis and evaluation evolutionary theory, the origin of life, man.
The content of the test includes tasks that test informational competence: the ability to work with pictures and text, to extract from them necessary information, find errors in the text, correct them, give the correct answer.

The content of the test does not depend on which program and which textbook is taught at school, since educational material does not go beyond the requirements for the content of school biological education. Each work option includes 50 tasks different levels difficulty: basic - 26, advanced - 19, high - 5. Tasks in the work are arranged in order of increasing complexity.

The examination paper consists of three parts.

• Part 1 (A) includes 36 tasks with the choice of one correct answer out of four, of which 26 are basic and 10 are advanced. Tasks A36 provide for the choice of the correct (incorrect) judgment. They control knowledge of general biological patterns, the ability to analyze, compare and determine correct judgment. It must be borne in mind that a task may have one or two correct judgment, or one or two misjudgments.
• Part 2 (B) - 8 tasks of an advanced level: 3 - with the choice of several correct answers out of six, 4 - to establish a correspondence between biological objects, processes and phenomena, 1 - to determine the sequence of phenomena and processes.
• Part 3 (C) consists of 6 tasks with a free detailed answer: 1 - increased and 5 - high level. All tasks of part 3 (C) control the ability of students to independently express their thoughts, solve biological problems, explain facts, use them to formulate a conclusion, generalization. In part 3 (C), the following lines are highlighted; C1 - practice-oriented tasks, C2 - tasks for working with text or drawing, SZ - tasks for checking the level of mastering the material in the main school, C4 - tasks for evolution and ecology, C5 - solving problems in cytology, C6 - solving problems in genetics . Since 2013 included in the C5 task line new type tasks to determine the chromosome set in the germ and somatic cells of organisms, the chromosome set and the number of DNA molecules in different phases mitosis and meiosis.
  In tasks of the C6 line, when solving genetic problems, it is required to explain the results obtained and indicate the law that manifests itself in a particular case.

Options examination work equivalent in content, types learning activities, nature and form of tasks. Each option reflects the content of the entire biology course, includes all types of tasks. The equivalence of all options is ensured by the same distribution of tasks in accordance with the plan of the examination work and statistical characteristics assignments.

The system for assessing the performance of individual tasks and the examination work as a whole

When evaluating work, digital symbols are used. First of all, the degree of difficulty of the task is taken into account.
The correct performance of each of the tasks with a choice of answers is estimated at one point. Two points are awarded for the correct performance of tasks with multiple choice. The order of the numbers is not important. The presence of each digit in the respondent's answer is checked. The answer is considered correct if it contains all the numbers from the standard and there are no other numbers. Example: If the correct answer is "235", then the answers are "325", "523", etc. will be considered correct. 1 point is given if one of the numbers indicated in the answer does not correspond to the standard; one of the numbers specified in the answer standard is missing; along with the correct numbers, one extra is indicated. In all other cases, 0 points are given.
For the correct performance of tasks for compliance, two points are set. In this case, the order of the numbers is of fundamental importance. If the number of digits in the answer exceeds the number of digits in the standard, then 0 points are given. The correct answer is the answer that fully corresponds to the standard. 1 point is set if any one position of the answer does not contain the same number that is presented in the standard answer. In all other cases, the task is evaluated at zero points.
Sequencing assignments are worth two points. The order of the numbers is of fundamental importance. If the number of digits in the answer exceeds the number of digits in the standard, then 0 points are set. The correct answer is the answer that fully corresponds to the standard. 1 point is given if any two positions do not contain the same number that is presented in the standard answer. In all other cases, O points are given.
Answers to the tasks of part 1 (A) and part 2 (B) are automatically processed after scanning the answer forms No. 1 and checked using a computer.
Answers to the tasks of part 3 (C) are checked by an expert commission, which includes methodologists, experienced teachers biology, university professors. Part 3 tasks are evaluated by comparing the work of the examinee with the answer standard. This takes into account the correctness of the answer (the presence or absence of biological errors), their completeness. When performing tasks with a free answer, you should pay attention to the instructions: “Explain the results obtained” or “Explain the answer”. The absence of explanations in the answer reduces its quality and, accordingly, lowers the points.

The maximum number of points for the entire work is 69.

The points that are recorded in the certificate of the results of the USE for admission to colleges and universities are calculated on a 100-point scale based on an analysis of the results of completing all work tasks.
The evidence is presented USE results in biology, provided that the graduate scored at least the minimum score. In 2014 minimal amount USE scores in biology will be 36 test, or 17 primary points. Minimum border Unified State Examination - minimum the number of points on the basis of which a decision is made to issue certificates.

The examination work is given 3 hours (180 minutes), of which approximately 1/3 of the time is for the first part of the work, 2/3 of the time is for the more complex second and third parts.
Approximate time, allotted for execution individual tasks:

1. for each task of part 1 (A) - 1-2 minutes;
2. for each task of part 2 (B) - up to 5 minutes;
3. for each task of part 3 (C) - 10-20 minutes.

The proposed manual includes 10 variants of the examination paper with answers in USE format in biology. Working with variants of examination test tasks will provide an opportunity to better prepare students for final certification and dial the largest number scores on the exam.

To prepare for the final certification in the form of a Unified state exam(USE) you should familiarize yourself with the content of the upcoming knowledge test, i.e. list of topics included in measuring materials. These topics are: the diversity of living organisms (plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, viruses), man and his health, general biological patterns. It is necessary to repeat the material, paying attention Special attention to difficult questions. It should be noted that such topics as the characteristics of the systematic categories of organisms, neurohumoral regulation and the functioning of human analyzers present an objective difficulty for perception. biochemical composition cells, cytological bases of heredity and variability.
To consolidate the studied material, it is advisable to use the forms of test tasks offered in the USE options: choosing one correct answer, multiple choice, assignments for correspondence and sequencing, tasks providing for a free answer. USE assignments they check not only knowledge, but also skills formed in the process of studying a biology course: compare, analyze, characterize, prove, choose the main thing, etc.
Fulfill test tasks can be separate lines or a whole variant. At the same time, you need to meet the time allotted for the exam - three hours. Therefore, you should solve the tasks sequentially, carefully read the text and give a thoughtful answer, enter the answer on the form in the appropriate form. Training Options help you prepare for the upcoming exam.