I got good gear; conversations with old bird-catchers taught me a lot - I alone went to catch birds almost thirty miles away, in the Kstovsky forest, on the banks of the Volga, where, in the mast pine forest, there were crossbills and titmouses appreciated by lovers - long-tailed white birds of rare beauty.

It happened - you go out in the evening and slap along the Kazan highway all night, sometimes - in the autumn rain, through deep mud. Behind him is a sack lined with oilcloth, in which there are cages and cages with bait birds. In his hand is a solid walnut stick. It’s cold and scary in the autumn darkness, very scary! .. Old birch trees, beaten by thunder, stand on the sides of the road, stretching wet boughs over my head; to the left, under the mountain, over the black Volga, floating, as if going into a bottomless abyss, rare lights on the masts of the last steamships and barges, wheels thump on the water, whistles are buzzing.

Huts of roadside villages rise from the cast-iron earth, angry, hungry dogs roll under their feet, the watchman beats his beater and shouts timidly:

Who goes? Who the hell are they - not by night, be it said?

I was very afraid that my gear would be taken away from me, and I took nickels with me for the watchmen. In the village of Fokina, the watchman made friends with me and kept gasping:

Are you going again? Oh, you fearless, restless inhabitant of the night, huh?

His name was Nifont, he was small, gray-haired, like a saint, he often took out a turnip, an apple, a handful of peas from his bosom and thrust it into my hands, saying:

Come on, friend, I've saved those gifts, eat in sweetness.

And accompanied me to the outskirts.

Aida, with God!

I came to the forest at dawn, adjusted gear, hung out decoys, lay down on the edge of the forest and waited for the day to come. Quiet. Everything around was frozen in a strong autumn dream; through the grayish haze, broad meadows are barely visible under the mountain; they were cut by the Volga, spread over it and blurred, melted into mists. Far away, behind the forests of the meadow side, the brightened sun rises slowly, lights flare on the black manes of the forests, and a strange, soul-touching movement begins: the fog rises faster and faster from the meadows and silvers in the sunbeam, and behind it bushes rise from the ground, trees, haystacks, meadows seem to melt under the sun and flow in all directions, reddish-gold. The sun has touched still water near the shore, - it seems that the whole river has moved, moved to where the sun has plunged. Rising higher and higher, joyfully, it blesses, warms the bare, frozen earth, and the earth incense with the sweet smells of autumn. Transparent air shows the earth huge, expanding it endlessly. Everything floats along and beckons to reach the blue edges of the earth. I saw the sunrise in this place dozens of times and was always born before me new world beautiful again...

I somehow especially love the sun, I like its very name, the sweet sounds of the name, the ringing hidden in them; I love, closing my eyes, to expose my face to a hot beam, to catch it in the palm of my hand when it passes with a sword through a gap in a fence or between branches. Grandfather greatly reveres "Prince Mikhail of Chernigov and the boyar Fyodor, who did not bow to the sun" - these people seem to me black, like gypsies, gloomy, angry, and they always big eyes like a poor Mordovian. When the sun rises over the meadows, I involuntarily smile with joy.

A coniferous forest rings above me, shaking off drops of dew from its green paws; in the shade, under the trees, on patterned leaves ferns sparkle with silver brocade frost of morning frost. The reddened grass is crushed by rains, the stems inclined to the ground are motionless, but when a light beam falls on them, a slight trembling in the grasses is noticeable, perhaps the last effort of life.

The birds have woken up; gray Muscovites fall like downy balls from branch to branch, fiery crossbills crush the cones on the tops of pines with crooked noses, a white Apollo sways at the end of a pine paw, waving its long tail feathers, a black beaded eye squints incredulously at the network stretched by me.

E. KOLESNIK,
Moscow

CREATIVE DICTATION AT THE LESSONS OF STUDYING SPELLING

In the methodology of teaching the Russian language, the issue of convergence of work on spelling with the solution of tasks for the development of speech is relevant.
Creative dictation- a type of work in which spelling skills and abilities become communicatively conditioned, communicatively significant.
Modern spelling scholars M.V. Ushakov, T.A. Ladyzhenskaya and M.T. Baranov refers to creative dictation as such a record of the text in which students insert into the text of a word or phrase of a certain grammatical category or replace some grammatical forms of words by others, close in meaning, as a result of which the text expands. First of all, the student works on spelling in the inserted words, at the same time he makes grammatical, spelling or stylistic changes in each sentence on the instructions of the teacher.
Creative dictations require good knowledge theoretical material, make the student think about the choice of words and expressions, i.e. work with synonyms is carried out, which is extremely useful for schoolchildren.
The text for the dictation should be understandable to students in terms of presentation, interesting in content and should give children new information about the world around.
Understanding of the text is provided not only by its content, but also by the observance of the norms of literary pronunciation during dictation.
Preparing for the lesson, the teacher breaks the text into parts in advance, outlines the segments of the text that need to be highlighted with a voice, thinks over pauses, stresses. Be sure to read the selected passage aloud.
Help the student memorize the text. Text is best retained by alternating between listening and playback, so students should be encouraged to say the sentence to themselves before starting to write it down. If the sentence is large, it is repeated in parts. Even untrained students easily memorize six to eight independent words. This should be taken into account by the teacher when dividing the text of the dictation into parts.
When working on a creative dictation, students need additional time, so the teacher dictates the text somewhat more slowly than when writing a normal dictation.
Directions for using creative dictation can be different:

1) as an exercise for solving communicative and speech problems;
2) as an exercise in grammatical style;
3) as an exercise for the formation of spelling skills and a means of controlling their formation.

TYPES OF CREATIVE DICTATIONS WHEN STUDYING SPELLING

1. Creative dictations for expanding the text (or for inserting words)

Such dictations involve inserting appropriate words into the text. You can expand the text by introducing prepositions, conjunctions, particles. In all cases, the text written down by the students remains coherent, and the particularity of the studied grammatical and spelling phenomena in it increases.

Two goals are being pursued.

The first is to teach students to use certain groups of words or constructions. looking for right word, students are guided by the meaning of the phrase and context.

The second is to teach students to accurately select words (or phrases). The difficulty of this work is that the student must understand the author's intention.

The connected text used for the creative dictation with the insertion of words is read with the omission of words, and then the task is formulated: insert certain group words as intended. Creative dictation can be both collective and individual character. When analyzing what is written (if it is carried out after performing a creative dictation), it is noted how accurately and expressively the subject is described with the help of the entered words and phrases.

2. Creative dictations with substitutions

Some parts of the dictated text are replaced during its recording. It is possible, for example, to replace individual words single-root words with prefixes or suffixes to a specific spelling, replacing words (phrases, sentences) with lexical synonyms or replacing one grammatical form, category or construction with another.

Creative dictations with substitutions are of great interest to schoolchildren. They can be used in the study of all sections of the school course. This type of creative dictation, incompatible with mechanical work, makes it possible to master a variety of language means and consolidate spelling skills. In the process of writing, the student solves several problems at once: he learns to understand the stylistic function grammatical form in the text (for example, when replacing the person, tense and mood of the verb), pays attention to the shades of the meanings of lexical and grammatical synonyms.
In accordance with the objectives of the dictation, we can distinguish teaching and control creative dictation. Creative dictations with oral analysis of what is written are educational in nature, but at the same time contain elements of control, being practical methods learning.
Educational creative dictations can be warning, explanatory and commented. Differ also auditory and visual(the text of the dictation is written on the blackboard in advance) creative dictations.
precautionary creative dictation: after the first reading of the text, students answer questions on the content, then, before writing the text, work is carried out to prevent errors in unfamiliar and difficult words, their teacher writes on the blackboard. Students explain the spelling of words, and the teacher helps them only in case of difficulty. Independent explanations of difficult cases of spelling develop attention, develop spelling vigilance and self-control skills.
This type of dictation is designed for the students, after listening to the explanation and having learned it, to write the word without errors, therefore, after writing the text, it is not checked in the class.
Text for creative dictation with explanation difficult cases writing should not contain other difficulties - for example, stylistic ones. Difficult cases are not prevented, but are analyzed and corrected either after writing a paragraph or after writing the entire text - with such an organization, the holistic perception of the text is not destroyed.

Note positive sides this dictation:

1) this form requires independence from students;
2) when explaining spellings, students learn to analyze the stated text, motivate the chosen spelling, formulate rules from memory, and compare facts.

The process of explaining words makes this type of dictation particularly effective for developing literate writing skills and determines its educational nature.
Creative dictation with commenting spelling difficult cases. There are some difficulties here: some schoolchildren are not in a hurry when writing, they carefully listen to the “commentators” and receive a warning about possible errors before writing the text; others write at their own pace, not waiting for the comments of the “commentator” and far ahead of the pace of his writing, and they perceive speech signals warning of possible errors after writing the text and forget to correct errors. Even the “commentator” himself can never write and explain at the same time. “Psychophysiological properties of our thinking are as follows,” writes B.T. Panov, that it is absolutely impossible to write down the text and at the same time (absolutely synchronously!) explain difficult spellings in words” 1 . Thus, either he first explains the desired spelling, and then writes down the word, or first writes down the word, and then makes the necessary comments.

Creative dictation with combined training: before recording the first part of the text, there is a preliminary explanation of spelling, the second part is explained along with the recording, the subsequent ones are analyzed after recording, and the final part is written independently without analysis. Combined dictation is carried out mainly in repetitive-generalizing lessons.

3. Methodology for conducting creative dictation

A coherent text is selected that makes it possible to consolidate what has been learned. At the lesson, the teacher names the type of work and its purpose and conducts an introductory conversation. Then the task is reported: what needs to be inserted (or replaced), on what grounds to select structures for insertion (or replacement), and what notes should be made in the notebook. After that, the text is read. The goal of students is to listen carefully, understand the task and pre-select at least some of the words or structures for insertion into the text (or replacement).
After listening to a separate sentence, students repeat it to themselves with inserted (or replaced) constructions. Pronunciation trains memory, helps to remember a sentence, hear the changed text. During the second reading, the students write down the changed sentence, and during the third reading, they compare the dictated and written texts. The third time the text can be read by one of the students.

Consider the methodology for conducting a creative dictation to insert words when studying the topic " One and two letters n in suffixes of adjectives" in the 6th grade.
The lesson begins with an explanation of his task: to learn how to correctly write adjectives with a given orthogram, explain the choice of one spelling or another, and be able to use adjectives in speech. Then the teacher informs that today the students will write a creative dictation, inserting adjectives with the studied spelling into the text of the dictation. Before the beginning creative work class repeats theoretical material. The teacher asks next questions:

1. What do you know about spelling n-nn in adjective suffixes?
2. Are there any exceptions to this rule?
3. What are adjectives used for in our speech?

After that, the teacher reads the text without the adjectives given in brackets, about which the students are warned in advance, and invites the students to determine the type and style of the text and come up with their own title.

(AUTUMN) MORNING

Everything around was frozen in a strong (autumn) dream.
Through the (foggy) darkness one can see wide meadows in the (silver) distance. The (ruddy) sun warms the (desert) earth. Sunbeam fell on the (sleepy) water through the thickets of (green) grasses. The (deciduous) forest rings above me, shaking off (green) paws (glass) drops of dew. On the patterned (velvet) leaves of the fern, the (morning) dew also sparkles. The (sleepy) grass is a little flattened by yesterday's (night) rain.
Wake up (forest) birds. (Grand) tits jump from branch to branch. (Fiery) crossbills crush (long) spruce cones with strong noses. Soon the whole forest will resound with (restless) cries and songs.

(87 words)
(According to A. Sokolov)

Students easily determine that this is a description of the state of nature in an artistic style. Then (with the help of leading questions of the teacher) they call this passage “Autumn Morning”. After listening to the passage for the second time, students perform next job:

1) name selected adjectives that will need to be inserted into the dictated text;
2) indicate which word (noun) each adjective refers to;
3) find out what sign the adjective expresses;
4) spend spelling analysis adjective names.

Parsing examples:

1. Autumn (morning) morning and characterizes it in relation to the time of year; adjective autumn formed with a suffix -n- from noun autumn with a base on n, so it is written with two letters n.

2. Fiery (crossbills)- adjective, refers to a noun crossbills and characterizes it with respect to color, coloring of birds; adjective fiery derived from a noun the fire with a suffix -enn-, so it's spelled with two letters n.

Then the teacher reads the text for the second time in sentences, and the students write them down, inserting adjectives with this spelling, without destroying the meaning of the text. The written sentence is reread by the teacher for verification. You can listen to the student's text. It is good if the student highlights the inserted words with his voice. Secondary reading is also possible to check spelling, especially in a weak class. In this case, the explanation can be selective or partial.

Here is a description of another lesson using creative dictation with substitutions when studying the topic "Vowels in prefixes pre- and at-» (6th grade). The purpose of the lesson is to develop the skill of spelling words with the spelling “Vowels in prefixes pre- and at-».
In the previous two lessons, there was an acquaintance with identification signs and conditions for choosing a given orthogram. When studying this topic, pay attention to how the meaning of the word changes with the new prefix. The students performed exercises on the selection of words depending on their meaning and indicated the conditions for choice, on the grouping of words depending on the meaning of prefixes, on the formation of words with the help of prefixes pre- and at- and defining them lexical meaning. By the third lesson, some students received the following homework: write out sentences from a textbook on literature with words with a prefix pre-; others had to write out sentences with words with the prefix at-.
In the third lesson, after checking the homework and repeating the spelling rule that the students were working on at the moment, the sixth graders are invited to write a creative dictation based on the text of the artistic style.
Let us consider in more detail the stage of the lesson using creative dictation with substitutions. Goal: improving the ability to distinguish prefixes in writing pre- and at-, the formation of the skill of spelling words with these prefixes and the consolidation of the skill of choosing synonyms. In the introductory speech, the teacher informs the task: to replace in the text, where possible and appropriate, words and combinations without prefixes pre- and at- cognates or synonyms with these prefixes; The tasks for the future work are also set:

- be able to distinguish prefixes in writing pre- and at-;
- write words with prefixes correctly pre- and at- and explain the choice of this or that spelling;
- improve the ability to select and use synonyms;
- to improve the ability to build a combined text containing description and narration.

The teacher briefly explains how to do the work. Then he reads the text of the dictation (the words in brackets correspond to the substitutions that the students must make).

FROM SNOW CAPTURE

It is melting in the fields, but in the forest the snow still lies in dense pillows, and the trees have bent down (bent down), stand in the snow captivity. Thin trunks pressed to the ground, froze and are waiting for release.
But here comes (comes) this hot hour, very happy for motionless trees and terrible for animals and birds. In complete forest silence, a spruce branch moves, it wants to rise (rise).
And under the tree, covered (covered) with its wide branches, a hare sleeps. He is scared, he listens attentively (listens). But then the hare darted, ran, sat down again (sat down) and carefully looks (looks at) where he should run. And as soon as he got up (stood up) on his hind legs, a whole birch tree jumped up in front of his very nose!
Everything has changed (transformed) in the forest. Everywhere branches jump, cope with difficulties (overcome obstacles), break out of snow captivity. The whole forest is moving around, the whole forest has gone.

(118 words)
(According to M. Prishvin)

The vocabulary of the text contains the following words with the spelling we are interested in: crouched, pressed, froze, comes, rises, covered, listens, crouched, peers, stood up, changed, overcome obstacles.
Students, listening to the text, understand its content, highlight the words or phrases that need to be replaced, and select suitable synonyms for replacement. Then the students analyze the text:

1. Define the text style. Text, art style, description of the awakening of nature; note special treatment the author to Russian nature, his precise and expressive language. M. Prishvin uses comparisons, personifications in the text, for example: snow still lies in dense pillows; trees ... stand in snow captivity; jump up... birch; branches jump; forest... moving;

2. Analyze text composition, determine the type of speech: descriptions are combined with a story about the life of animals in the forest.

Spelling preparation:

find words for the studied spelling, name its identification features (presented in the name of the spelling);

justify the choice of attachments pre- and at-.

After completing this work, students are invited to listen to the text of the dictation again, as some of the changed sentences require editing. Then the teacher reads the text in sentences, and the students reproduce it according to the method of creative dictation. If a check is performed at the end of the work, then it is better to conduct it by listening to the text compiled by one of the students.

Creative dictations require the application of knowledge in new conditions and with new goals, so their use is very effective. D.N. Bogoyavlensky, having studied the issue of the relationship between spelling and creative writing, came to the conclusion that this species work equips students with both speech and spelling skills: when writing a creative dictation, students go through the stage of “combining” two tasks: to express their thoughts in writing and observe spelling rules.

Thus, creative dictation is one of the most effective synthetic exercises for the formation of proper communicative speech and spelling skills, intermediate between purely spelling exercises, on the one hand, and special exercises for the development of speech, on the other.

1 Panov B.T. Types and structure of Russian language lessons: A guide for teachers. M., 1986. S. 44.
2 Bogoyavlensky D.N. Psychology of mastering spelling. M., 1966. S. 97.

1. A semicolon is placed between independent sentences combined into one difficult sentence without the help of conjunctions, especially if such sentences are very common and have commas inside them, for example:
Meanwhile tea was drunk; long-harnessed horses chilled in the snow; the moon turned pale in the west and was ready to plunge into its black clouds hanging on the distant peaks like shreds of a torn curtain (Lermontov).
Everything around was frozen in a strong autumn dream; through the grayish haze, broad meadows are barely visible under the mountain; they are cut by the Volga, spread across it and blurred, melted into mists (M. Gorky).

2. A semicolon is placed between independent sentences combined into one complex sentence and interconnected:
1. Unions but, nevertheless, still, nonetheless etc., especially if these sentences are very common or have commas inside them, for example:
I only had blue paint; but despite this, I started to draw a hunt(L. Tolstoy).
It would seem that there was absolutely no reason for her to go to him, and he himself was not too happy with her; however, she went and lived with him for whole weeks, and sometimes more (Herzen).
Note. A semicolon is placed before the union a only if the sentences connected by it are significantly common and have commas inside them, for example:
I thought he was crying; but I must tell you that Azamat was a stubborn boy, and nothing happened to knock out his tears, even when he was younger (Lermontov).
2. Unions and and Yes(in the meaning of "and") only when they connect two sentences that would otherwise be separated by a period. (In such cases, sentences beginning with conjunctions and, Yes, are by the nature of the connection connecting.) For example:
He was reading a book, thinking about what he was reading, stopping to listen to Agafya Mihailovna, who chattered tirelessly; and at the same time different pictures of the economy and the future family life without connection were presented to his imagination (L. Tolstoy).
Almost every evening later they went somewhere out of town, to Oreanda or to a waterfall; and the walk went well, the impressions were invariably beautiful, majestic every time (Chekhov).

3. A semicolon is placed between common homogeneous members sentences, especially if there are commas inside at least one of them, for example:
In the darkness, the same obscure objects vaguely appeared: in some distance a black wall, the same moving spots; next to me is the croup of a horse, which, wagging its tail, widely spread its hind legs; a back in a white Circassian coat, on which a rifle in a black case swayed and a white head of a pistol in an embroidered holster was visible; a cigarette light illuminating a blond mustache, a beaver collar and a hand in a suede glove (L. Tolstoy).
Here were people from the city and from the villages and farms, detained on suspicion of being Soviet workers, partisans, communists, Komsomol members; people who, by act or word, offended the German uniform; people who hide their Jewish origin; people detained for being undocumented and simply for being people (Fadeev).

4. A semicolon is placed between significantly common subordinate clauses subordinate to the same main clause, if there is no between the subordinate clauses coordinating union, especially when inside such subordinate clauses there are, in turn, subordinate clauses, for example:
I will not tolerate a corrupter with fire and sighs and praises to tempt a young heart; so that the despicable, poisonous worm sharpened the stem of the lily; so that the two-morning flower withered still half-opened (Pushkin).
The difference is that, instead of the forced will that united them at school, they themselves abandoned their fathers and mothers and fled from their parental homes; that there were those who already had a rope around their necks and who, instead of pale death, saw life, and life in all revelry; that there were those who, according to noble custom, could not keep a penny in their pockets ... (Gogol).

5. A semicolon is placed between groups of independent sentences, as well as between groups subordinate clauses relating to one main, if it is necessary to indicate the boundaries between groups of sentences, in contrast to the boundaries between individual sentences, for example:
There were many crows in the garden, their nests were covered with the tops of trees, they circled around them and croaked; sometimes, especially in the evening, they fluttered in hundreds, making noise and raising others; sometimes one of them will quickly fly from tree to tree, and everything will calm down ... (Herzen).
The people of this party said and thought that everything bad comes mainly from the presence of the sovereign with the military court at the army, that that indefinite, conditional and vacillating precariousness of relations, which is convenient at court, but harmful in the army, has been transferred to the army; that the sovereign needs to reign, and not to rule the army, that the only way out from this position there is the departure of the sovereign with his court from the army; that the mere presence of the sovereign paralyzes 50,000 troops needed to ensure his personal security; that the worst, but independent commander-in-chief will be better than the best, but bound by the presence and power of the sovereign (L. Tolstoy).

6. A semicolon is placed at the end of the enumeration headings if these headings are not independent sentences, but are quite common, and especially if there are already any punctuation marks inside them, for example:
This way of using mines made demands on them:
1) so that a mine detached from the anchor and floating on the surface cannot damage the ship that hits it;
2) that when setting up the barrier, there should be no floating mines that could indicate the location of the barrier, and such mines would sink;
3) increase the safety of setting mines(Academician A.N. Krylov).

Grandfather and grandmother again moved to the city. I came to them, angry and belligerent, my heart was heavy - why was I considered a thief? Grandmother greeted me kindly and immediately went to put the samovar, grandfather mockingly, as always, asked! - How much gold did you accumulate? - How much is - all mine, - I answered, sitting down by the window. Solemnly he took a box of cigarettes out of his pocket and lit a cigarette importantly. “So-so,” said the grandfather, peering intently at my actions, “that's it. Are you smoking a damn potion? Is not it too early? “They even gave me a pouch,” I boasted. - Kiset! squealed the grandfather. - Are you teasing me? He rushed towards me, stretching out his thin strong arms, flashing green eyes; I jumped up, poked my head into his stomach, the old man sat down on the floor and looked at me for several heavy seconds, blinking in amazement, opening his dark mouth, then asked calmly: “Did you push me, grandfather?” your mother own father? "You've beaten me enough," I muttered, realizing what I had done disgustingly. Dry and light, grandfather got up from the floor, sat down next to me, deftly snatched the cigarette from me, threw it out the window and said in a frightened voice: - Wild head, do you understand that God will never forgive you for all your life? Mother,” he turned to his grandmother, “look, he hit me, didn’t he?” He! hit. Ask him! She did not ask, but simply came up to me and grabbed me by the hair, began to ruffle, saying: - And for this - that's how it is, that's how ... It didn’t hurt, but it was unbearably insulting, and grandfather’s malicious laughter was especially offending — he jumped up and down in his chair, slapping his knees with his palms, and croaked through laughter:- So-so, so-so... I broke free, jumped out into the passage, lay there in the corner, depressed, devastated, listening to the hum of the samovar. My grandmother came up, leaned over me and whispered in a barely audible voice: “Forgive me, because I didn’t pat you painfully, I did it on purpose!” It is impossible otherwise, - grandfather is an old man, he must be respected, his bones are also broken, because he also drank grief with a full heart - there is no need to offend him. You are not small, you will understand this... You must understand, Olesha! He is the same child, nothing more ... Her words washed over me hot water, from this friendly whisper it became both ashamed and easy, I hugged her tightly, we kissed. - Go to him, go, nothing! Just don't smoke in front of him right away, let me get used to it... I entered the room, looked at my grandfather and could hardly help laughing - he really was pleased, like a child, he was beaming all over, kicking his legs and pounding his red-haired paws on the table. - What, goat? Have you come to fight again? Oh you robber! All in the father! Freemason, entered the house - did not cross himself, now - smoking tobacco, oh you, Bonaparte, the price is a penny! I was silent. He expired with words and also fell silent wearily, but over tea he began to lecture me. - Fear of God is necessary for a person, like a bridle for a horse. We have no friend but the Lord. Man to man is a fierce enemy. That people are enemies, in this I felt some truth, and everything else did not touch me. “Now go again to Aunt Matryona, and in the spring to the steamer.” Live with them for the winter. Don't say you'll leave in the spring... Well, why deceive people? said my grandmother, having just deceived my grandfather with a feigned beating given to me. “You can’t live without deceit,” the grandfather insisted, “tell me, who lives without deceit?” In the evening, when my grandfather sat down to read the Psalter, my grandmother and I went out of the gate into the field; the small, two-windowed shack in which grandfather lived stood on the outskirts of the city, "at the back" of Kanatnaya Street, where grandfather once had his own house. - That's where we went! Grandma said laughing. - The old man cannot find a place to his liking, everything moves. And here it’s not good for him, but it’s good for me! In front of us stretched for about three versts a meager sod field, cut by ravines, bounded by a forest crest, a line of birches of the Kazan tract. Branches of bushes protruded from the ravines like rods, the rays of the cold sunset stained them with blood. A quiet evening wind shook the gray blades of grass; Behind the nearby ravine, like blades of grass, loomed the dark figures of petty-bourgeois girls and boys. In the distance, to the right, stood the red wall of the Old Believer cemetery, it was called the Bugrovsky Skete, to the left, over the ravine, a dark group of trees rose from the field, there - Jewish cemetery. Everything around was poor, everything silently pressed against the wounded earth; small houses on the outskirts of the city timidly looked out of the windows on the dusty road, small, poorly fed chickens roam along the road. At Maiden Monastery a herd is coming, the cows are mooing, from the camp comes military music, - copper pipes roar and hoot. Drunk walks, brutally stretching the harmonica, stumbles and mutters: “I’ll get to you… definitely…” “Fool,” Grandmother says, squinting at the red sun, “where can you go?” You will soon fall, fall asleep, and in a dream they will take you away ... And harmony, your joy, will be lost ... I tell her how I lived on the steamer and look around. After what I saw, I'm sad here, I feel like a ruff in a pan. Grandmother listens silently and attentively, just as I love to listen to her, and when I told about Smury, she crosses herself earnestly and says: — Good man, help him virgin, good! You, look, do not forget about him! You always remember the good, and what is bad - just forget ... It was very difficult for me to tell her why I was calculated, but, reluctantly, I told her. This made no impression on her, she only remarked indifferently: - You are still small, you do not know how to live ... - Everyone says to each other: you don’t know how to live, - peasants, sailors, aunt Matryona to her son, but what do you need to know how to do? Pursing her lips, she shook her head. — I don't know that. - You talk too! Why not say? Grandma said calmly. - Do not be offended, you are still small, you should not be able to. And who can? Some crooks. There grandfather is smart and literate, but he also couldn’t do anything ... - Did you live well yourself? .. - I? Good. And she lived badly - everything ... People slowly passed by us, dragging long shadows behind them, dust rose from under their feet in smoke, burying these shadows. The evening sadness grew heavier, and the grouchy voice of the grandfather poured out of the windows: “Lord, don’t rebuke me with your anger, but punish me with your anger… Grandmother said with a smile: - God is tired of him, go! Every evening whines, but about what? After all, he’s old, he doesn’t need anything, but he keeps complaining, everything bristles ... God, tea, he will listen to the evening voices and even smile: Vasily Kashirin is mumbling again! .. Let's go to sleep ... I decided to take up catching songbirds; it seemed to me that it would feed well: I would catch, and my grandmother would sell. I bought a net, a circle, traps, made cages, and now, at dawn, I am sitting in a ravine, in the bushes, and my grandmother with a basket and a bag walks through the forest, collecting the last mushrooms, viburnum, nuts. The weary September sun had just risen; its white rays either fade in the clouds, or fall like a silver fan into the ravine towards me. At the bottom of the ravine it is still gloomy, a whitish fog rises from there; the steep clay side of the ravine is dark and naked, and the other side, more gentle, is covered with withered grass, dense shrubs with yellow, red and red leaves; fresh breeze rips them off and throws them down the ravine. At the bottom, in the burrs, the goldfinches are screaming, I see in the gray rags of weeds scarlet caps on the lively heads of birds. Curious tits click around me; funny puffing out their white cheeks, they make noise and fuss, like young Kunavin bourgeois women on a holiday; fast, clever, evil, they want to know everything, to touch everything, and - they fall into a trap one after another. It is a pity to see how they fight, but - my business is trading, severe - I transplant the birds into spare cages and hide them in a bag - in the darkness they sit quietly. A flock of siskins has landed on a hawthorn bush, the bush is doused with the sun, the siskins are happy with the sun and chirping even more cheerfully; they look like schoolboys in their grips. "The greedy, homely shrike was late to fly to warm lands, sits on a flexible branch of a wild rose, cleans its wing feathers with its nose and vigilantly looks out for prey with black eyes. It fluttered up like a lark, caught a bumblebee, carefully planted it on a thorn and sits again, turning its gray thievish head. Silently the prophetic bird shurr flew by, the object of my greedy dreams - if only I could catch it!A bullfinch, straying from the flock, sits on an alder tree, red, important, like a general, and creaks angrily, shaking its black nose. The higher the sun, the more birds and more fun their twitter. The whole ravine is filled with music, its main tone is the continuous rustle of bushes in the wind; the fervent voices of birds cannot drown out this quiet, sweetly sad noise - I hear in it the farewell song of summer, it whispers to me some special words, and they themselves add up to a song. And at the same time, memory, against my will, restores the pictures of the past. Grandmother shouts from somewhere above:- Where are you? She is sitting on the edge of the ravine, spread out a handkerchief, laid out bread, cucumbers, turnips, apples on it; among all these blessings stands, shining in the sun, a small, very beautiful faceted decanter, with a crystal stopper - the head of Napoleon, in the decanter - a scale of vodka infused with St. John's wort. - How good, sir! Grandma says thank you. - I wrote a song!- Yah? I tell her something that looks like poetry:

Winter is getting closer, more and more noticeable,
Goodbye my summer sunshine...

But she, without listening to me, interrupts: - There is such a song, only it is better! And in a singsong voice he says:

Oh, the summer sun is leaving
In the dark of the night, beyond the distant forests!
Oh, I'm left, girl,
Without my spring joy, alone!
I'll go outside in the morning,
I remember my May festivities, -
The clean field looks unhappy, -
Oh, I lost my youth in him.
Oh, my dear friends!
As soon as the first light snow falls, -
Take the heart out of my white chest,
Bury my heart in the snow!..

My author's pride does not suffer in the least, I really like the song and feel sorry for the girl. And grandma says: - That's how grief is sung! This, you see, the girl put together: she took a walk from the spring, and by the winter her dear lover left her, maybe he went to another, and she wept from heartfelt resentment ... and she, you see, how well she composed the song! When she first sold birds for forty kopecks, she was very surprised. — Look at you! I thought - an empty case, boyish fun, but how it turned out! - Sold cheap...- Yah? On market days, she sold for a ruble or more, and kept wondering: how much you can earn with nothing! “But a woman does laundry all day or washes the floors for a quarter a day, that's it - understand! But this is not good! And keeping birds in cages is not good. Throw it away, Olesha! But I was very interested in birding, I liked it and, leaving me independent, did not cause any inconvenience to anyone except birds. I got good gear; conversations with old bird-catchers taught me a lot - I alone went to catch birds almost thirty miles away, in the Kstovsky forest, on the banks of the Volga, where, in the mast pine forest, there were crossbills and, appreciated by lovers of Apollo titmouse - long-tailed white birds of rare beauty. It used to happen that you would go out in the evening and paddle along the Kazansky highway all night, sometimes in the autumn rain, through deep mud. Behind his back is a bag lined with oilcloth, in it cages and cages with bait birds. In his hand is a solid walnut stick. It's cold and scary in the autumn darkness, very scary! .. Old birch trees, beaten by thunder, stand on the sides of the road, stretching wet boughs over my head; to the left, under the mountain, over the black Volga, floating, as if going into a bottomless abyss, rare lights on the masts of the last steamships and barges, wheels thump on the water, whistles buzz. Huts of roadside villages rise from the cast-iron earth, angry, hungry dogs roll under their feet, the watchman beats his beater and shouts timidly: - Who goes? Who the hell are they wearing - not by night, be it said? I was very afraid that my gear would be taken away from me, and I took nickels with me for the watchmen. In the village of Fokina, the watchman made friends with me and kept gasping: - Are you going again? Oh, you fearless, restless inhabitant of the night, eh! His name was Nifont, he was small, gray-haired, like a saint, he often took out a turnip, an apple, a handful of peas from his bosom and thrust it into my hands, saying: - Come on, friend, I have in store for those gifts, eat in sweetness. And accompanied me to the outskirts.- Ayda, with God! I came to the forest at dawn, adjusted gear, hung out decoys, lay down on the edge of the forest and waited for the day to come. Quiet. Everything around was frozen in a strong autumn dream; through the grayish haze, broad meadows are barely visible under the mountain; they were cut by the Volga, spread over it and blurred, melted into mists. Far away, behind the forests of the meadow side, the brightened sun rises, slowly, lights flash on the black manes of the forests and a strange, soul-touching movement begins: the fog rises faster and faster from the meadows and silvers in the sunbeam, and bushes and trees rise from the ground behind it , haystacks; the meadows seem to melt under the sun and flow in all directions, reddish-gold. Here the sun touched the quiet water near the shore - it seems that the whole river moved, leaned towards where the sun dipped. Rising higher and higher, joyful, it blesses, warms the bare, frozen earth, and the earth incense with the sweet smells of autumn. Transparent air shows the earth huge, expanding it endlessly. Everything floats into the distance and beckons to reach the blue edges of the earth. I saw the sunrise in this place dozens of times, and always before me a new world was born, beautiful in a new way... I somehow especially love the sun, I like its very name, the sweet sounds of the name, the ringing hidden in them; I love, closing my eyes, to expose my face to a hot beam, to catch it in the palm of my hand when it passes with a sword through a gap in a fence or between branches. Grandfather greatly reveres Prince Mikhail of Chernigov and the boyar Theodore, "who did not bow to the sun" - these people seem to me black, like gypsies, gloomy, angry, and they always have sore eyes, like a poor Mordovian. When the sun rises over the meadows, I involuntarily smile with joy. The coniferous forest rings above me, shaking off drops of dew from its green paws; in the shade, under the trees, on the patterned leaves of the fern, the hoarfrost of the morning frost sparkles with a silver brocade. The reddened grass is crushed by rains, the stems inclined to the ground are motionless, but when a light beam falls on them, a slight trembling in the grasses is noticeable, perhaps the last effort of life. The birds have woken up; gray Muscovites fall like downy balls from branch to branch, fiery crossbills crush the cones on the tops of pines with crooked noses, a white Apollo sways at the end of a pine paw, waving its long tail feathers, a black beaded eye squints in disbelief at the network stretched by me. And somehow you suddenly hear that the whole forest, importantly pensive for a minute, was filled with hundreds of bird voices, filled with the chores of living creatures, the purest on earth - in their image, man, the father of earthly beauty, created elves, cherubim, seraphim to console himself. and the whole angelic rank. I feel a bit sorry for catching birds, ashamed to put them in cages, I like to look at them more, but the hunting passion and the desire to earn money overcome regret. The birds will make me laugh with their tricks: the azure tit carefully and in detail examined the trap, understood what it threatens her with, and, having come in from the side, safely, deftly drags the seed through the sticks of the trap. Tits are very smart, but they are too curious, and this ruins them. Important bullfinches are stupid: they go to the net in a whole flock, like well-fed philistines to church; when you cover them, they are very surprised, roll out their eyes and pinch their fingers with thick beaks. Klest goes into the trap calmly and solidly; nuthatch, unknown, no one similar bird, sits in front of the net for a long time, leading long nose leaning on a thick tail; he runs along tree trunks like a woodpecker, always accompanying tits. There is something creepy about this smoky birdie, she seems lonely, no one loves her, and she is no one. He, like a magpie, loves to steal and hide small shiny things. By noon I finish catching, go home through the forest and fields - if you go by the big road, through the villages, the boys and guys will take away the cages, tear and break the tackle - this has already been experienced by me. I come in the evening, tired, hungry, but it seems to me that during the day I grew up, learned something new, became stronger. This new strength gives me the opportunity to listen to my grandfather's evil ridicule calmly and without malice; seeing this, the grandfather began to speak sensibly, seriously: - Drop empty things, drop it! Through the birds, no one went out into the people, there was no such case, I know! Choose a place for yourself and grow your mind in it. A man does not live for trifles, he is a grain of God, he must give an ear of good grains! A person is like a ruble: turned over in good circulation - three rubles became! Do you think life is easy? No, it's not very easy! Peace to man dark night, everyone should shine for himself. Everyone is given ten fingers, and everyone wants to take more with their own hands. It is necessary to show strength, but if there is no strength - cunning; who is small and weak, he is neither in heaven nor in hell! Live as if with everyone, but remember that you are alone; listen to everyone, trust no one; you will believe by eye, you will measure crookedly. Keep quiet - houses and cities are built not with a tongue, but with a ruble and an axe. You are not a Bashkir, not a Kalmyk, who have all their wealth - lice and sheep ... He could say these words all evening, and I knew them by heart. I liked the words, but I was distrustful of their meaning. From his words it was clear that two forces prevent a person from living as he wants: God and people. Sitting by the window, Grandmother twisted thread for lace; the spindle buzzed in her deft fingers, she listened to her grandfather's speech in silence for a long time and suddenly said: Everything will be as the Mother of God smiles. — What is it? shouted the grandfather. - God! I have not forgotten about God, I know God! You old fool, what - God sowed fools on the earth, or what? ... It seemed to me that Cossacks and soldiers live best on earth; Their life is simple and fun. In good weather, early in the morning they appeared in front of our house, behind the ravine, dotting the bare field, like porcini mushrooms, and began a complex, interesting game: dexterous, strong, in white shirts, they merrily ran across the field with guns in their hands, disappeared into a ravine and suddenly, at the call of a trumpet, spilled out again on the field, shouting “Hurrah”, to the ominous beat of drums, they ran straight to our house , bristling with bayonets, and it seemed that now they would knock over from the ground, mark our house like a haystack. I also shouted "Hurrah" and selflessly ran with them; the evil trill of the drum made me want to destroy something, break the fence, beat the boys. During the rest, the soldiers treated me to shag, showed me heavy guns, sometimes one or the other, pointing a bayonet at my stomach, shouted deliberately ferociously: - If a cockroach! The bayonet gleamed, it seemed that it was alive, writhing like a snake and wanting to sting - it was a little scary, but more pleasant. Mordvin the drummer taught me to beat with sticks on the skin of the drum; at first he took my hands and, exhausting them to the point of pain, thrust sticks into my crumpled fingers. - Knock - ras-duva, ras-duva! Tram-ta-ta-there! Knock on him - left - quiet, right - bump, tram-ta-ta-tam! he shouted menacingly, widening his birdlike eyes. I ran across the field with the soldiers until the end of the exercise and then escorted them through the whole city to the barracks, listening to loud songs, looking at kind faces, all so brand new, like nickels, freshly minted. dense mass the same people flowed merrily along the street with a single force that aroused a feeling of affection for her, a desire to plunge into her, as into a river, to enter as into a forest. These people are not afraid of anything, they look at everything boldly, they can win everything, they will achieve everything they want, and most importantly, they are all simple, kind. But once, while resting, a young non-commissioned officer gave me a thick cigarette. - Smoke it! I have it - a kind, I wouldn’t give it to anyone, but it hurts you are a good guy! I smoked. He drew back a step, and suddenly a red flame blinded me, burned my fingers, nose, eyebrows; gray salty smoke made sneezing and coughing; blind, frightened, I stomped on the spot, and the soldiers, surrounding me in a dense ring, laughed loudly and cheerfully. I went home - whistling and laughter followed me, something clicked like a shepherd's whip. My burnt fingers hurt, my face hurt, tears flowed from my eyes, but it was not pain that oppressed me, but a heavy, dull surprise: why was this done to me? Why does this amuse the good guys? At home, I climbed into the attic and sat there for a long time, remembering everything inexplicably cruel that so abundantly met on my way. I recalled especially vividly and vividly the little soldier from Sarapul, standing in front of me and as if asking in triumph:- What? Understood? Soon I had to go through something even more difficult and amazing. I began to run to the barracks of the Cossacks - they stood near the Pechersk Sloboda. The Cossacks seemed different from the soldiers, not because they skillfully rode horses and were more beautifully dressed - they spoke differently, sang different songs and danced beautifully. Sometimes, in the evenings, after cleaning the horses, they would gather in a circle near the stables, and the little red-haired Cossack, shaking his whirlwinds, would sing in a high voice like a copper pipe; quietly, tensely stretching out, will start a sad song about Quiet Don, Blue Danube. His eyes are closed, as the dawn bird closes them, which often sings to the point that it falls from a branch to the dead ground, the collar of the Cossack's shirt is unbuttoned, his collarbones are visible, like a copper bit, and this whole man is cast, copper. Swinging on thin legs, as if the earth was shaking under him, spreading his arms, blind and sonorous, he seemed to cease to be a man, became a bugler's trumpet, a shepherd's flute. Sometimes it seemed to me that he would topple over, fall on his back to the ground and die like a dawn, because he had spent all his soul, all her strength on the song. Hiding his hands in his pockets and behind his broad backs, his comrades stand around him like a wreath, look sternly at his copper face, watch his hand, quietly floating in the air, and sing importantly, calmly, as in a church on a kliros. All of them - bearded and beardless - at that moment looked like icons: just as formidable and distant from people. The song is long, like a high road, it is just as even, wide and wise; when you listen to it, you forget - day on earth or night, whether I'm a boy or already an old man, you forget everything! The voices of the singers will die away - you can hear how the horses sigh, yearning for the freedom of the steppes, how quietly and inescapably the autumn night moves from the field; but the heart grows and wants to burst from the fullness of some unusual feelings and from the great, mute love for people, for the earth. The little copper Cossack seemed to me not a man, but something more significant - a fabulous creature, better and higher than all people. I couldn't talk to him; when he asked me about something, I smiled happily and remained silent in embarrassment. I was ready to follow him silently and obediently, like a dog, if only I could see him more often, hear him sing. Once I saw him, standing around the corner of the stable, with his hands up to his face, examining a smooth silver ring on his finger; his beautiful lips moved, his small red mustache twitched, his face was sad, offended. But once, on a dark evening, I came with cages to a tavern on Staraya Sennaya Square- The innkeeper was a passionate lover of songbirds and often bought them from me. The Cossack was sitting near the counter, in the corner, between the stove and the wall; with him was a portly woman, almost twice his size, her round face shining like morocco, she looked at him with the kind eyes of her mother, a little anxiously; he was drunk;- Don't be stupid... The Cossack raised his eyebrows with great effort, but they sluggishly lowered again. He was hot, he unbuttoned his uniform and shirt, exposing his neck. The woman, dropping the handkerchief from her head to her shoulders, laid her strong white hands on the table, her fingers clasped red-hot. The more I looked at them, the more he seemed to me the delinquent son of a good mother; she said something to him affectionately and reproachfully, but he remained silent, embarrassed—there was nothing to answer the well-deserved reproaches. Suddenly he got up, as if pricked, incorrectly - low on his forehead - put on his cap, slapped it with his palm and, without buttoning it, went to the door; the woman also got up, saying to the innkeeper: - We're going back now, Kuzmich... People saw them off with laughter, jokes, and someone said thickly and sternly: - The pilot will return - he will ask her! I followed them; they were ten paces ahead of me, moving in the darkness, across the square, entirely through the mud, towards the Otkos, the high bank of the Volga. I could see the woman staggering, supporting the Cossack, I heard the mud champ under their feet; The woman asked softly, imploringly: — Where are you? Well, where to? I followed them through the mud, although it was not my path. When they reached the Otkos panel, the Cossack stopped, took a step away from the woman, and suddenly struck her in the face; she cried out in surprise and fright: “Oh, what is it for? I, too, was frightened, ran up to them, and the Cossack grabbed the woman across the body, threw her over the railing downhill, jumped after her, and both of them rolled down, along the slope grass, in a black heap. I was stunned, froze, listening to how there, down below, the dress was cracking, the dress was torn, the Cossack was growling, and low voice women mutter, interrupting: I will scream... I will scream... She groaned loudly, painfully, and it became quiet. I felt for a stone, let it go down, the grass rustled. The glass door of the tavern slammed on the square, someone hooted, must have fallen, and again silence, ready to frighten with something every second. A large white lump appeared under the mountain; sobbing and snorting, he quietly, unevenly rises upwards - I distinguish a woman - she walks on all fours, like a sheep, I can see that she is naked to the waist, her large breasts hang, and it seems that she has three faces. So she reached the railing, sat down on them almost next to me, breathing like a scorched horse, straightening her stray hair; dark stains of dirt are clearly visible on the whiteness of her body; she cries, wipes the tears from her cheeks with the movements of a cat washing herself, sees me and quietly exclaims: "God, who is this?" Get out, shameless! I can’t leave, petrified with amazement and a bitter, dreary feeling - I remember the words of my grandmother’s sister: “Baba is power, Eve deceived God himself ...” The woman got up and, covering her breasts with torn pieces of her dress, bared her legs, she quickly walked away, and a Cossack rose from under the mountain, waved white rags in the air, whistled softly, listened and spoke in a cheerful voice: - Daria! What? A Cossack will always take what he needs... you thought he was drunk? Nah, I seemed to you... Daria! He stands firm, his voice sounds sober and mocking. Bending down, he wiped his boots with rags and spoke again: — Hey, take a jacket... Dashk! Don't break... And the Cossack loudly uttered a shameful word to the woman. I sit on a pile of rubble listening to that voice, alone in the stillness of the night and so overwhelmingly powerful. The lights of the lanterns in the square dance before my eyes; on the right, in a black pile of trees, rises the white institute of noble maidens. Lazily stringing dirty words one on top of the other, the Cossack goes to the square, waving his white rag, and finally disappears like a bad dream. Below, under the slope, a steam pipe puffs on the pumping station, a cab is rolling down the exit, not a soul around. Poisoned, I walk along the Otkos, clutching a cold stone in my hand - I did not have time to throw it at the Cossack. Near the church of St. George the Victorious, a night watchman stopped me, angrily asking who I was, what I was carrying behind my back in a bag. I told him in detail about the Cossack - he began to laugh, shouting: - Clever-oh! Cossacks, brother, meticulous people, they are not like us! And the bitch is a bitch... He choked on laughter, and I went on, not understanding - what is he laughing at? And I thought in horror: what if this happened to my mother, to my grandmother?

Everything around was frozen in a (strong) (autumn) dream. Through the (fog ... th) mist one can see in the (silver) distance (wide) meadows. The (ruddy) sun warms the (desert) earth. A sunbeam fell on the (sleepy) water through the dawn ... sli (green) grass. A (deciduous) forest rings above me, shaking off (green) paws (glass ... th) drops of dew. On the (patterned) (velvet) leaves of the fern, the (morning) dew also sparkles. (Sleepy) the grass is a little fresh… mint (yesterday) by (night) rain. The (forest) birds wake up. (Chinny) tit jump from branch to branch. (Fiery) crossbills crumble (strong) noses (long) (spruce) cones. Soon the whole forest will resound with (restless) cries and songs. 1. Come up with a name. 2. Find the words in figurative meaning. Use them literally, make phrases. 3. Analyze the composition of the highlighted words. Determine how these words are formed. Pick up single words. 4. Complete parsing suggestions. Everything around was frozen in a (strong) (autumn) dream. Through the (fog ... th) mist one can see in the (silver) distance (wide) meadows. The (ruddy) sun warms the (desert) earth. A sunbeam fell on the (sleepy) water through the dawn ... sli (green) grass. A (deciduous) forest rings above me, shaking off (green) paws (glass ... th) drops of dew. On the (patterned) (velvet) leaves of the fern, the (morning) dew also sparkles. (Sleepy) the grass is a little fresh… mint (yesterday) by (night) rain. The (forest) birds wake up. (Chinny) tit jump from branch to branch. (Fiery) crossbills crumble (strong) noses (long) (spruce) cones. Soon the whole forest will resound with (restless) cries and songs. 1. Come up with a name. 2. Find words in a figurative sense. Use them literally, make phrases. 3. Analyze the composition of the highlighted words. Determine how these words are formed. Pick up single words. 4. Parse the sentence. I forgot my notepad! The roads are limp, the snow is swollen, the bare alders are covered in raindrops, warm steam is stirring over the thawed patches. And in the forest today, as if on purpose, so many different events ! It was a warm and wet day, and the winter collapsed at once. The birds seemed to have escaped from their cages: all around was hubbub, chirping and whistling. I walk through the forest and get upset - I forgot my notebook! Blackbirds, finches, greenfinches fly and fly over the forest alone, in groups, in flocks. What to do with such a flood of spring news? News from all sides - just have time to turn your head! Spring lingered, lingered, and that's how it broke through. Cranes trumpet in the swamp, lapwings squeal over the puddles. The first thrush sang, the first sandpiper yelled, the first snipe bleated. (According to Sladkov) I forgot my notebook! I walk through the forest and get upset - I forgot my notebook! And in the forest today, as if on purpose, there are so many different events! Spring lingered, lingered, and that's how it broke through. It was a warm and wet day, and the winter collapsed at once. The roads are limp, the snow is swollen, the bare alders are covered in raindrops, warm steam is stirring over the thawed patches. The birds seemed to have escaped from their cages: all around was hubbub, chirping and whistling. Cranes trumpet in the swamp, lapwings squeal over the puddles. Blackbirds, finches, greenfinches fly and fly over the forest alone, in groups, in flocks. News from all sides - just have time to turn your head! The first thrush sang, the first sandpiper yelled, the first snipe bleated. What to do with such a flood of spring news? (According to Sladkov) 1. How does the writer show that spring has come swiftly? 2. What spring “news” did the writer hear in the forest? What is the meaning of the word flood? 3. How do you explain the meaning of the word volgly? 4. Why are there many exclamatory sentences in the text? 5. write out sentences with homogeneous members from the text. Think about their role in creating the rhythm of the text and the figurative picture of spring. 6. Name which verbs give the description a special expressiveness, dynamism. 7. How would you answer the author's question? Pr ... make a handle to the suitcase, pr ... break off relationships, pr ... walking nanny, insurmountable difficulties, passing ... passing (temporary) circumstances, pr ... be discouraged, pr ... reduce performance, pr ... create in life, pr ... be to the place of work, the successor of the great scientist, pr... the estate, pr... to give a picture of brightness, pr... to create a window, pr... a brave boy, a broken pr... mnik, pr... to hide valuables, pr... a coastal town, pr... to be in time career, pr…overcome pr…obstacle. Pr ... make a handle to the suitcase, pr ... break off relationships, pr ... walking nanny, insurmountable difficulties, passing ... passing (temporary) circumstances, pr ... be discouraged, pr ... reduce performance, pr ... create in life, pr ... be to the place of work, the successor of the great scientist, pr... the estate, pr... to give a picture of brightness, pr... to create a window, pr... a brave boy, a broken pr... mnik, pr... to hide valuables, pr... a coastal town, pr... to be in time career, pr…overcome pr…obstacle. In the (un)ordinary, never (un)heard silence dawn dawns. The sky is green in the east. Venus shines like blue crystal on the sky. This is the best time days. Still sleeping. Water sleeps, water lilies sleep, sleep with their noses buried in snags, fish, birds sleep, and only owls fly around the fire slowly and noiselessly, like clods of white fluff. (K. Paustovsky) 1. Determine the type and style of speech. What is the grammatical meaning of the sentences? 2. Underline the main members of the sentence. What is the structure of grammatical foundations (one-part, two-part)? 3. What is the order of the subject and predicate in most sentences? How does this relate to the type of speech? 4. Explain the punctuation in the last sentence. In the (un)ordinary, never (un)heard silence dawn dawns. The sky is green in the east. Venus shines like blue crystal on the sky. This is the best time of the day. Still sleeping. Water sleeps, water lilies sleep, sleep with their noses buried in snags, fish, birds sleep, and only owls fly around the fire slowly and noiselessly, like clods of white fluff. (K. Paustovsky) 5. Determine the type and style of speech. What is the grammatical meaning of the sentences? 6. Underline the main members of the sentence. What is the structure of grammatical foundations (one-part, two-part)? 7. What is the order of the subject and predicate in most sentences? How does this relate to the type of speech? 8. Explain the punctuation in the last sentence. Every person has freedom of choice. The choice exists daily, momentarily. different in severity. different in their consequences. To step or not to step? Shut up or answer? To endure or not to endure? Overcome or retreat? Yes or no? Where to go to study? How to live? What to do? Bulk questions and dwarf questions. Questions are oceans and questions are drops. R. Rozhdestvensky Every person has a freedom of choice. The choice exists daily, momentarily. different in severity. different in their consequences. To step or not to step? Shut up or answer? To endure or not to endure? Overcome or retreat? Yes or no? Where to go to study? How to live? What to do? Bulk questions and dwarf questions. Questions are oceans and questions are drops. R. Rozhdestvensky It will be about an amazing animal. This is a chameleon. With one eye he looks in front and with the other back. And everyone sees what is happening around. Here is a beautiful butterfly nestled comfortably on a flower. He turned his head and looked at her indifferently. It seems like a chameleon and is not going to touch it. But suddenly a tongue flashed and the butterfly was gone. The chameleon doesn't miss. There is no relief from him. It brings death to both the swift fly and the thousand-eyed dragonfly and the little mosquito. At the end of a long, sticky tongue, a chameleon has a thin tube. When she touches the tip of the insect's tongue, she draws in air through the tube and holds her prey tightly. And you won't get out. Correct the mistakes made. Explain spelling spelling, punctuation marks. It's about an amazing animal. This is a chameleon. With one eye he looks in front and with the other back. And everyone sees what is happening around. Here is a beautiful butterfly nestled comfortably on a flower. He turned his head and looked at her indifferently. It seems like a chameleon and is not going to touch it. But suddenly a tongue flashed and the butterfly was gone. The chameleon doesn't miss. There is no relief from him. It brings death to both the swift fly and the thousand-eyed dragonfly and the little mosquito. At the end of a long, sticky tongue, a chameleon has a thin tube. When she touches the tip of the insect's tongue, she draws in air through the tube and holds her prey tightly. And you won't get out. Correct the mistakes made. Explain the spelling of spelling, punctuation marks In the evening, a blizzard broke out ... She made a noise and magically ... a forest appeared. Snowdrifts shining in the sun are blinding. Winter bewitched the silent hero in coniferous chain mail. Heavy branches of fir trees under the weight of snow almost touch the ground. Tiny fir trees huddled under the birch trees. In a pr… bizarre n… row, a blizzard dressed a young age… sl. From the cold rays ... a snow cover will light up on them. The blizzard silvered the lush hairstyles of the huge pines. Lush snow caps were paved on their tops. In the evening, coniferous darkness frowns in the h ... schobe. Mysterious dusk envelops the distance. It is difficult to find a path or even a road here. 1. Arrange spelling and missing punctuation marks. 2. Explain what means of expression the author uses to give the text imagery. In the evening, once ... a blizzard was playing. She made a noise and magically ... a forest appeared. Snowdrifts shining in the sun are blinding. Winter bewitched the silent hero in coniferous chain mail. Heavy branches of fir trees under the weight of snow almost touch the ground. Tiny fir trees huddled under the birch trees. In a pr… bizarre n… row, a blizzard dressed a young age… sl. From the cold rays ... a snow cover will light up on them. The blizzard silvered the lush hairstyles of the huge pines. Lush snow caps were paved on their tops. In the evening, coniferous darkness frowns in the h ... schobe. Mysterious dusk envelops the distance. It is difficult to find a path or even a road here. 1. Arrange spelling and missing punctuation marks. 2. Explain what means of expression the author uses to give the text imagery.