Usmanov, Shuvalov and Oleg Krutoy moved into the apartments of Gorbachev and Kosygin
Sparrow Hills in Moscow is a prestigious place. And prestigious in that there is not only Moscow State University, a cable car and viewpoint, but also people with famous names. The price tag for housing on the Vorobyovs is comparable to the price list for apartments in the very center of the capital, so they don’t welcome homelessness in this area.
"Interlocutor" found out which of those whose Life is going uphill, settled on Sparrow Hills.
Chemezov left Sobyanina
Sparrow Hills are considered the seventh hill of Moscow, and those who settled here should be in seventh heaven from such happiness. And some also have seven spans in their foreheads.
Next to the main building Russian Academy Sciences (at the address: Kosygina, 2) built, for example, an elite residential complex, which is called: "The House at the Academy of Sciences." Uncomplicated, but prestigious. Layered system security. At the entrance to the parking lot - a washing complex for all sorts of Porsches. Own house territory (more than 1 ha) with landscape design. Finished with natural stone...
House 2 on the street. Kosygin
One square meter such pleasure costs about a million rubles, so let them not slander that our scientists live poorly. The chairman of the local HOA and the former head of affairs of the Russian Academy of Sciences Konstantin Solntsev [about the role of this person in squandering the property of the Russian Academy of Sciences can be read here - IA "Ruspres"], for example, in his apartment there are 262 such meters. The cost, respectively, is 262 million. And this is even modest against the background of his ex-boss, Yuri Osipov, the previous president of the academy, who has at least two apartments in the residential complex, only one of which costs almost half a billion.
It is clear that the company of such not only established, but also wealthy scientists should be made up of successful people. For example, the first vice-speaker of the State Duma Alexander Zhukov moved to the “House at the Academy of Sciences”, despite the fact that the cost of his apartment is equal to the income of the family of this deputy for 38 years (at the current salary level). Probably hoarded for a long time. Bought a home and eldest daughter Mayor of the capital Anna Sobyanina, whose family also understands something in the improvement and comfort. At one time, their neighbors were billionaire Alexander Abramov, the head of Rostec Sergey Chemezov, and even the Kremlin developer Ara Abrahamyan, who does not register real estate anywhere in his name.
But gradually, many people with surnames, including Chemezov, began to leave this LCD. There are more interesting places on Sparrow Hills.
Shuvalovs released "Owl"
According to the description, the residential building on Kosygin, 8 does not make much of an impression. The old (1969) five-story building, which is not even subject to renovation. But this is the case when the external image is nothing compared to the internal content.
It was at this address that the bonzes lived Soviet state- Chairman of the Council of Ministers Alexei Kosygin, whose name the street is named after, Kosygin's deputy for the military-industrial complex Leonid Smirnov, Minister of Radio Industry of the USSR Pyotr Pleshakov ...
Kosygin's granddaughter Tatiana still lives in the local penthouse. But now she has company former member not Soviet, but already Russian government. Two years ago, the Anti-Corruption Foundation wrote that the then First Deputy Prime Minister Igor Shuvalov had settled there. "Interlocutor" found out some details.
In 2013, the wife of an official, Olga Shuvalova, acquired two apartments on Kosygin - one on the second floor, from the son of ex-Minister Pleshakov, and one on the fourth, from the heirs of ex-KGB chairman Vitaly Fedorchuk. Judging by the ads on real estate sales websites, Fedorchukov Shuvalova bought the apartment for 180 million rubles.
The neighboring apartment on the fourth floor belongs to the family of the former deputy. Yevgeny Savostyanov, head of Yeltsin's administration, was simultaneously acquired by Sergey Kotlyarenko, asset manager of Igor Shuvalov. After that, Olga Shuvalova exchanged apartments with Kotlyarenko and designed her two now neighboring apartments with total area 322 sq. m to the company "Owl Real Estate". Olga Shuvalova still owns this company together with her husband.
On the territory of their “owl” house there is a fountain, billiards, and squirrels jumping along the loggia. The market value of the Shuvalovs' real estate on Sparrow Hills can reach half a billion rubles.
House 8 on the street. Kosygin - the same "owl hollow"
Usmanov moved in with Ligachev
But ads for the sale of apartments in the neighboring four-story building No. 10 are difficult to find even in the old archives. They move here solely by acquaintance. Four years ago, three rubles were rented here for a quarter of a million rubles a month, and since then - silence.
Kosygina, 10 - once home for the Soviet elite
Once it was also a "reserve" for the Soviet elite: both Mikhail Gorbachev and Yegor Ligachev lived here ... Ligachev, by the way, still lives - the old guard does not leave his trenches, but Gorbachev could not resist: his 147 -meter penthouse was purchased by the composer Igor Krutoy.
“Mr. Krutoy bargained for a long time. And finally he offered such a price that Mikhail Sergeevich gave up, wrote about it society lady Bozhena Rynska. - Intelligence reported that only repairs with stones and precious metals and furniture cost about ten million dollars. The cost of the Gorbachevs' apartment itself is rumored to be fifteen million dollars. The price is a trade secret, but as far as the date of purchase of the apartment is concerned, Bozena Rynska's rumor failed: the deal did not take place in 2010, as she assured, but four years earlier. And bought an apartment not directly from the first and last president USSR, but through an intermediary.
At the same time, back in the 90s, Igor Krutoy bought another apartment for himself in this house, and then another, and another ... The process went like clockwork. True, Krutoy refused some purchases a little later. In 2011, for example, he lost 249 meters on the third floor to the oligarch Alisher Usmanov, his Muz-TV business partner.
After that deal, Usmanov's neighbor on the landing turned out to be Yegor Ligachev. A staunch communist and the shark of capitalism coexist quite peacefully in the same brick-panel aquarium ... By the way, Usmanov liked the Vorobyovs so much that three years later he bought an apartment from Laima Vaikule on the floor below, and two more years later, he started building a whole complex of elite apartments. True, this year the audit revealed at this construction site poor quality finishing works and breaking the rules fire safety. He builds not for himself, but for people.
Timchenko turned out to be unbearable
To the estate of another oligarch, Gennady Timchenko, claims have already arisen in court. Five years ago, by his personal order No. 527-RP, Sergei Sobyanin gave a long-term lease of Khrushchev's former dacha at 32 Kosygin to Jardin Developments "for the operation of the hotel building." As journalist Roman Shleinov found out, the company itself belongs to Putin’s friend Gennady Timchenko, and in violation of the lease agreement, instead of a hotel, the dacha turned into private house billionaire.
Khrushchev's "legacy" Timchenko
A little later, the FBK investigation added to this the shooting of the house itself with an area of more than 1000 square meters. m and unearthed photographs of workers who, without any necessary approvals, built a spa complex next door for Timchenko. The FBK even demanded "to evict Timchenko from the residence", "to terminate the lease agreement with his company" and to demolish "the illegal self-construction - a bathhouse with a swimming pool". But, as the Sobesednik found out, it was not Timchenko who went on trial, but ... officials of the capital's government.
On March 7 last year, the Moscow Arbitration Court accepted for proceedings the mayor's office's statement of claim to its own "Financial and Economic Department" on "recognition as an unauthorized construction of a real estate object, a sports and recreation complex with an area of 680 sq. m. Prior to this, the State Inspectorate, following the results of the audit, drew up an act No. 9001499 stating that there really is a squatter building on the site that was not put on the cadastral register. True, according to the report, the area of \u200b\u200bself-building was 720 square meters. m and it was allegedly erected back in 2007, although archival satellite images prove that the active construction of the bathhouse in its current form began only after Gennady Timchenko appeared there.
As a result, the court delicately decided to recognize the newly built 720 sq. m self-built in 2007 with an area of 680 sq. m and ... do not demolish, as expected, no - legitimize, since this bath does not infringe on anyone's rights and does not "threaten the life and health of citizens." So Timchenko can no longer worry about the fate of his steam room.
According to Serdyukov, the tower is crying
A few years ago opposite former dacha Khrushchev was settled by the then Minister of Defense Anatoly Serdyukov. It was there, in the mansion at Kosygin, 67, that the planted under House arrest his current wife Evgenia Vasilyeva. Then the administration of the Ramenki district assured that the building was on the balance sheet of the Moscow government, but Sobesednik found out that a plot of one and a half hectares and the building itself of 1055 square meters. m, where Serdyukov cuckooed, belong Federal Service protection
Under the fence of Mosfilm, a whole town of similar cottages, decorated on the FSO, settled down. At the same time, the state guard assured us that they were simply on their balance sheet, but in fact they were leased (or operational management) to various government departments. That is, VIP class officials live there at the state expense. At the same time, information about the lease is not reflected in Rosreestr.
Not only Serdyukov was hidden behind the gates of the FSO
In addition, right on the slope of the Sparrow Hills, the FSO owns a complex of five more huge guest residences, which are also used for a secret purpose. In the largest of them, with a cadastral value of over 5 billion, next to the Reception House of the Presidential Administration, where Sergei Lavrov gave his daughter in marriage, there is not only a three-story sports complex, but also the Main House, which in the official extract from Rosreestr is modestly referred to as "Terem ". After all, as Putin said, we don’t have palaces. So let there be a tower.
The area of the tower is about 6000 sq. m. The building has six floors, four of which, probably in case of war, are located underground. Who exactly lives in this tower, too, can only be assumed.
But clearly someone not from the people. Just by the people.
"Mamonova Dacha", "Noeva Dacha", originally the Vasilievskoye estate (Vorobievskoye Highway, 2 / Kosygina St., 2).
Founded in the middle of the 18th century. Field Marshal V.M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky, from the beginning of the 19th century. until 1831 belonged to Prince N.B. Yusupov, and in 1827 it was sold to M.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov, after whose name it got its name. From 1883 to 1910, the property belonged to the famous gardener F.F. Noev (hence another name - "Noeva's cottage"). In the 1910s was administered by the city government and a public park began to be laid out on its territory. From 1924 to 1943, the Central Museum of Ethnology (since 1934 renamed the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR) was located here, in the park designed by V.M. Adler and D.T. Yanovich was arranged under open sky exposition of folk dwellings - Buryat, Kirghiz, Khakass and so on. Now - Institute physical chemistry RAN.
Photo from the 1920s
Palace (1756-61, architects S.I. Chevakinsky and I. Zherebtsov, rebuilt in 1833 by architect D.I. Zhilardi), greenhouse (to the left of the main house) (1833, architect D .I. Gilardi).
Photo from the 1920s Greenberg.
Since 1831, Count M. A. Dmitriev-Mamonov, who was declared mentally ill, lived in the estate as a recluse. Interesting personality. One of the richest people in Russia. The son of the favorite of Empress Catherine II A.M. Dmitriev-Mamonov. After the invasion, Napoleon donated a large part of his fortune to the creation of a regiment, at the head of which he intended to fight the French. His act was enthusiastically received in Moscow, although, according to Pushkin, mothers in the salons began to whisper that he had become less enviable as a groom. Due to organizational delays, the regiment did not have time to fight on the territory of Russia, it participated only in the foreign campaign of 1813. But Matvey Aleksandrovich himself distinguished himself in the battles of Borodino, Tarutino and Maloyaroslavets, and was awarded the golden saber "For Courage". After retiring in 1819, he settled in the estate of Dubrovitsy, where he began to build wooden fortresses and create paramilitary detachments from his peasants. At the same time, he quarreled with the Moscow governor-general Golitsyn, whom, as Gedeminovich, he, Rurikovich, considered a plebeian. A lengthy correspondence followed, in which Mamonov, in plain and understandable Russian, explained to Golitsyn who he was, where he saw him and where he should go. It all ended with the forcible placement of Mamonov in the Vasilyevskoye estate, declaring him mentally ill and establishing guardianship over him. One of the guardians, by the way, was his own sister, who robbed her brother so well that it came to the Senate. She was deprived of the rights of a guardian, and when the case was reported to Nicholas I, he also ordered that guardianship be established over her.
Mamonov died in 1863. All his life he was haunted by various smells - sometimes it doesn’t smell like tar, then it smells like manure. Therefore, he always put on a lot of cologne, and scented candles were burned in the rooms. Being heavy smoker, dropped the ashes from the cigar, on the cologne shirt, it flared up. Mamonov received severe burns. He became paralyzed and died a few days later. He was buried at the Donskoy cemetery.
View from Kosygin street, through the entrance gate.
Photo 1930
Yard facade. Fragment.
This is such a pretty little window.
And such.
: Mamonova dacha
known only narrow circle Local historians' estate built in 1756-1761, rebuilt in 1820, Vasilievskoye (Mamonova Dacha) on Sparrow Hills. Abundantly overgrown trees make it invisible from anywhere.
AT this moment- Institute chemical physics them. N. N. Semyonova RAS
Here was one of ancient settlements on the territory of Moscow - the settlement of the Dyakovo culture, which existed for more than a thousand years from the middle of the 1st millennium BC. e. according to the VI century. n. e. It was excavated in 1922 and 1940 near the ponds and named Mamonov. Mamonova Dacha - a building and a beautiful vast park on a high forty-meter bank - is located in close proximity to the Andreevsky Monastery. The village of Vasilievskoye, on the site of which the estate stands, was acquired in 1744 by Prince V.M. Dolgoruky. Under him, a park was laid out in the village and a big house, in which he received Catherine II in 1763. Then the village of Vasilyevsky passed to Prince N.Yu. Yusupov, the richest and most enlightened nobleman. This was the heyday of the estate. The prince replaced the old chambers with a house still standing, erected with the participation of architects S. Chevakinsky, I. Zherebtsov and rebuilt later (after the Fire of 1812) by D. Gilardi. An extensive park was laid out, consisting of two parts: the older "French", dating back to the 2nd half of the 18th century, and the new "English", with large quantity glades and lawns, with a pond and an island. In the western part of the estate, a greenhouse was created, where apples, pears, plums, grapes, oranges, and pineapples were grown. In 1820, on his estate, Prince Yusupov received Emperor Alexander I with his family and retinue.
In 1827, the guardians of Count Matvey Alexandrovich Dmitriev-Mamonov, who was declared insane and placed under the tsar's orders under family, medical and police custody, acquired Vasilyevskoye for him. Here Mamonov lived from 1833 and died in 1863 after burns, dropping fire from a pipe on a dress drenched in cologne. After that, the estate passed to one of his distant relatives. In 1883, the estate was bought by F.F. Noev, gardener-industrialist, owner of the best shops in Moscow. The greenhouse economy, founded by Yusupov, is again being developed. In this regard, in the 19th century, Mamonovskaya Dacha received a second name - Noevskaya. In 1910, the dacha was bought for the construction of a public park.
Immediately after the revolution, the building of the Mamonova dacha was registered and was under protection. People's Commissariat education on the basis of the Decree of the Council of People's Commissars on the protection of monuments of art and antiquity. The house was restored, the park was put in order, and on June 1, 1924, the Ethno-Park was opened here. A tram passed along the Vorobyovskoye Highway, bringing sightseers there. Later, the Ethno-Park was transformed into the Museum of the Peoples of the USSR, which left shortly before the Great Patriotic War. In 1943, Mamonova Dacha was transferred to the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, which was headed by Academician N. N. Semenov, who was awarded Nobel Prize in 1956 for the discovery of the phenomenon chain reactions. Since 1990, the institute has been named after him. The Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after N. M. Emanuel is also located here.
In 1937-1950, buildings were built in the Mamonovaya Dacha park, where the Institute of Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after V.I. P. L. Kapitsa. Memorial plaques hang on the walls of the institute, reporting that the great physicists of the 20th century, academicians, Nobel Prize winners P. L. Kapitsa and L. D. Landau lived and worked here.
At present, the main buildings of the estate are main house, a greenhouse and a linden park are protected by the state as valuable monuments of nature and architecture. On the territory of Mamonova Dacha, a linden alley, whose trees are over 250 years old. The shape and arrangement of some alleys remained the same as many years ago.
Kosygin Street (former Vorobyovskoye Highway) - a street with white spots. For example, house number 8, as Wikipedia writes - House
Central Committee of the CPSU, house number 10 - mansion
where Gorbachev lived. But it seems that only Vicki is so reverently biased towards these two buildings, caustically emphasizing the difference.
The tenants of house number 8 were A.N. Kosygin and his deputies, in particular, Smirnov Leonid Vasilyevich. Also, the Presidents of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academicians M.V. Keldysh and A.P. Alexandrov. I was somewhat surprised when I read Smirnov's track record on the same Wikipedia - some kind of chaotic and rapid take-off (I think so), which I would not say about Kosygin's biography. All his contemporaries, everyone who knew him, spoke of Alexei Nikolaevich and speak of him exclusively as an intelligent, but at the same time simple, decent and very an educated person. The fact that, according to the testimony of General V. I. Varennikov, Deputy Minister of Defense, in 1979 Kosygin was the only member of the Politburo who did not support the decision to send Soviet troops to Afghanistan and from that moment on he had a complete break with Brezhnev and his entourage, it still says something. Shortly thereafter, Alexei Nikolaevich was relieved of all posts.
You can treat that government in any way you like, but it is impossible not to admit that there were significantly more professionals there than in the current one. At least they were there.
On the other side of Kosygin Street, almost opposite the 8th building, my paternal grandmother lived. Dad then spent the last few months of his life lying there, in my grandmother's apartment. And he died 9 days after Kosygin. Kosygin was buried on December 24, 1980, and on the 27th my dad passed away. I tend to see some connection between events and because there was some connection with that house. Such a strange coincidence. A with Kosygin's death coincided with Brezhnev's birthday, and for two or three days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.
The house was built in 1969 individual project. According to official data, there are 15 apartments in the building, on another site they write: 17 apartments. Once again I was surprised when I discovered that the apartments in this house are for sale. According to the advertisements different years, if not all, then almost all the apartments changed owners, the descendants sold the inheritance to the nouveaux riches. According to some information, a simple Khanty-Mansiysk girl, the youngest daughter of Sobyanin, now lives in one of the apartments. One had to provide for his wife, another had to “feed” his daughters ... What can you do, such is our life ...
House number 10 was built for Gorbachev in 1986. “M. Gorbachev: When I was president, on Kosygin Street, where I lived - by the way, Yazov was there, and Ligachev lived there, and someone else - I asked what was next to the apartment, and they told me: “These are the communications that are needed,” and so on. What happened when I stopped being president. I was invited by the guards, my guys: "Mikhail Sergeevich, these are the very communications." - "What is it?" They pull out like nets from the sea, you know, with fish, eavesdropping devices all over the president’s apartment.” (from here)
"M. GORBACHEV in December 1991 agreed with B. Yeltsin that a state-owned apartment on Lenin mountains, the dacha in Barvikha and the Kremlin office will be vacated by the ex-president of the USSR until January 10. However, a few days later, Gorbachev's wife called Gorbachev in the Kremlin and said that some people had come to their apartment and demanded to vacate the premises within 24 hours. Things were dragged almost to the landing. In return, the family of the ex-president was given a standard "three-ruble note" on the street. Kosygin, where the servants used to live. The former presidential apartment was then put up for sale (By the way, is Berezovsky's former lover Marianna now living in that state-owned presidential apartment?). The ex-president also had to vacate the state dacha in an emergency mode. (from there)
Both mansions have a large fenced area of their own. And around in ancient times there was a wild forest with dirt paths. And it was not under Tsar Peas, but in my memory. The territory has been improved relatively recently:
I have always loved passionate love air station of the Vorobyovy Gory metro station. You could get to your grandmother by trolley bus from both Oktyabrskaya and Kievskaya, you could walk from " Leninsky Prospekt", but I, as a rule, chose Sparrow Hills. I love it because it has a lot of light and air, because it hangs over the Moscow River, like a crystal castle. And Komsomolsky Prospekt above the station combines romanticism with pragmatism.
In ancient times, one could take an escalator up from the metro station to the (then still) Vorobyovskoye Highway to the Pioneer Palace. The escalator did not come from the station itself, but was a separate, completely independent building. And free.
Once I went to the Palace of Pioneers on Christmas trees, in those days when she herself was still in the "Christmas tree" age. I remember that they were very different from everything that was arranged in other places. Actually, just New Year's performance didn't differ much. But what could be done before the performance was unusual and non-standard.
Then in the Palace of Pioneers there were many different circles, and by the New Year everyone arranged their own fun competitions. This is not tug-of-war or sack running. I remember that there you could draw something, learn how to tie sea knots and semaphore flags. The opportunity to acquire such unusual skills shocked me the most, which is why I remember it.
In the neighborhood of the settlement of the Andreevsky Monastery, where the Institute of Chemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences is now located, there used to be the Vasilievskoye estate, or, as it is known under a different name, "Mamonova Dacha".
The first owners of the estate were the Saltykovs, and the earliest news about it dates back to 1635, when boyar Boris Mikhailovich Saltykov acquired the local lands. Being a female relative of Mikhail Fedorovich, the first tsar of the Romanov dynasty, he intrigued against the proposed marriage of the sovereign to his chosen bride, Maria Khlopova. The reason for this was the fear that the new relatives of the queen could push Saltykov out of influence on palace affairs. As a result, Khlopova was accused of being sick and exiled to Tobolsk. Later, however, the real role of Saltykov became clear, and by order of the father of the sovereign, Patriarch Filaret, the latter was disgraced.
Then the estate passed to Pyotr Mikhailovich Saltykov, one of the most prominent boyars of the era of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich, and then went to his son Alexei Petrovich Saltykov, a boyar in the early years of the reign of young Peter I, in 1713 appointed Moscow governor.
The Saltykovs owned the estate until 1709, when, as a result of an exchange, it became the property of Prince Vasily Vladimirovich Dolgorukov, Lieutenant Colonel of the Preobrazhensky Regiment. During his life, he experienced several ups and downs, which was quite typical for the era of the first half of XVIII in. with his fickle court career. Under Peter I, he was one of his closest assistants, but in 1718, due to his involvement in the case of Tsarevich Alexei, he was deprived of his ranks, orders, estates and exiled to Kazan. Catherine I returned him to court, and young Peter II made Field Marshal General. Under Anna Ioannovna, because of bold expressions his wife, abandoned to the empress, he was again exiled, this time to Solovki. Elizaveta Petrovna returned his rank and appointed him President of the Military Collegium. Duke de Liria, Spanish ambassador in Russia, he characterized Vasily Vladimirovich as follows: “A smart, brave man. Honest and quite knowledgeable military art. He did not know how to pretend and often brought sincerity to excess; was brave and very vain; a sincere friend, an implacable enemy... He lived nobly, and I can truly say that this is such a Russian nobleman who brought honor to his fatherland more than anyone else.
In 1744 V.V. Dolgorukov ceded Vasilyevsky, as the estate had become known by this time, to his relative Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov, who later became the Moscow governor. He made brilliant military career: having started serving at the age of 13, at 14 he already participated in the assaults on Perekop and Ochakov. Under Catherine II, he was appointed to command the army for the conquest of the Crimea, and after his accession, he received the prefix "Crimean" to his last name, a sword with diamonds, 60 thousand rubles and diamond signs of the Order of St. Andrew the First-Called. However, offended that he was not given the rank of field marshal, he preferred to remain out of work until in 1780 he was appointed commander in chief in Moscow. True, he stayed in this post for only two years before his death.
Collection of the State Tretyakov Gallery
It was under him that Vasilyevskoye became a luxurious estate, with a large palace built in 1756-1761. According to the inventory late XVIII century, in the estate there was a stone house with a mezzanine, behind it there were two ponds, there were gazebos, as well as five Turkish stone "houses" and "two buildings like Turkish fortresses", built on the occasion of the reception of Catherine II in 1780. The estate also had many outbuildings, and "at the entrance to the yard" there were two gardens - on the right, a regular park with an area of more than 13 thousand square meters. meters, and on the left - an orchard, which occupied over 16 thousand square meters. meters. The estate housed a large greenhouse, the fruits of which were offered to Muscovites: Russian orders cavalier Prince Vasily Mikhailovich Dolgorukov-Crimean house, which is called the village of Vasilyevsky, red, white and green watermelons are sold, different kinds the best taste of melon and cantaloupe (melon variety. - Auth.), as well as many other rare fruits.
Description of the estate of this time left English traveler William Cox: “... we stopped at Vasilyevsky, country house Prince Dolgorukov, who stands on the top of a hill, at the foot of which flows here, skirting him, the Moscow River, which is wider here than in other places; from the hill offers a magnificent view of the vast city; the house is a vast wooden building, to which we climbed three terraces ... In the garden there are several models of fortresses that were besieged and taken by him; among other things, the model of Kerch and Perekop ”(Cox’s book).
In his suburban V.M. Dolgorukov gave luxurious holidays. About one of them, given in honor of the namesake of the heir to the throne (the future Paul I), the then Moskovskie Vedomosti wrote: “... in these celebrations, His Excellency General-in-Chief and the Order of St. in a country house called Vasilyevskoye, on both days, having arrived from a prayer service, by invitation through printed tickets sent out, gentlemen senators, generals and other noble people, both secular and spiritual, are very magnificent and rich, with extreme order and pleasure of all, were treated, both at lunchtime and in the evening, at a figurative table for 150 couverts made in one gallery, and moreover, in other chambers at several tables, where, when drinking for Her Imperial Highness’s highest health, from those set in that house guns were fired. On both days, from five o'clock in the afternoon, a ball began, at which, as at the dinner tables, at the same invitation from the wife of his excellency, Princess Nastasya Vasilievna, noble ladies and girls were present, and the ball, consisting of two hundred persons of both sexes, continued always until perfect dawn next day; and meanwhile, drinks serving to cool down and now fruits and sweets were constantly served. Moreover, merchants and philistinism were also admitted into the chambers for watching tables and a ball; and a theater was made especially for them, where actors established by the police presented various comedies, which the noble persons who were with his excellency watched from the gallery. Both the house of His Excellency and the road leading to the Moscow River were illuminated. And on the 28th, at 12 o'clock in the afternoon, fireworks were lit ... ".
After the death of V.M. Dolgorukov-Krymsky Vasilyevsky passed to his son, also Vasily. AT early XIX in. the estate belonged to Prince Nikolai Borisovich Yusupov, the owner of the famous Arkhangelskoye near Moscow. And although Yusupov lived mainly in Arkhangelsk, he did not forget about Vasilyevsky either. The famous Moscow writer of everyday life A.Ya. Bulgakov, for example, reported on the reception of the Prince of Orange in Moscow: “... a holiday is being arranged in Arkhangelsk at Yusupov’s, there will be another dinner at Yusupov’s in Vasilyevsky when the prince goes to Vorobyovy Gory.”
In the post-fire time, the main house may have been rebuilt: late Empire decorative details appeared on the facade, which allowed art historians to suggest that the architect D. Gilardi was involved in the rebuilding.
However, already in last years life of N.B. Yusupov (he died in 1831) Vasilyevsky begins to experience decline. In particular, in 1829 a certain Kherson merchant of the 2nd guild I.I. Plet hires the “Vasilyevskoye dacha” for two years, “so that in the Moscow River flowing past this dacha, I can wash Russian and fine wool and dry and sort them all year round.” The contract emphasized that the sorting of wool was to be carried out “in the local master’s house by civilians on patchports,” and the Kherson merchant stipulated the right “to live in the same house myself.”
Immediately after the expiration of this contract, on May 5, 1831, Vasilievskoye was rented out to M.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov, and in 1833 his guardians acquire the estate from their son N.B. Yusupov.
Count Matvey Alexandrovich Dmitriev-Mamonov, one of the richest people of his time, during the war of 1812, he became famous for the fact that he formed a whole regiment at his own expense and, with the rank of major general, commanded it in military operations. After retiring, he settled in his famous estate in Dubrovitsy (near Podolsk). Soon here he showed the first signs mental illness. He lived a complete recluse, servants served him drink, food and clothes in his absence and received orders in writing. It was said that one of the servants, wanting to see the count, was discovered by him and severely beaten. He got to Moscow, filed a complaint, which was given a move, and guardianship was established over Dmitriev-Mamonov.
Over time, the fits of madness intensified - he imagined himself a pope and a Roman emperor, but in between he showed complete clarity and depth of mind. Many of the guardians were by no means conscientious, and the doctors of that time applied to the mentally ill common practice straitjackets and dousing cold water so that the count rightly complained: “How they tortured me and, tormenting me, robbed me!” Died M.A. Dmitriev-Mamonov is here, after almost thirty years of actual imprisonment, at the age of 73, according to one version, suddenly, when he walked from the bedroom to the library, and according to another, from burns spilled on his nightgown and ignited cologne.
After his death, Vasilyevskoye went to him distant relative real state councilor, former Moscow governor I.S. Fonvizin (aunt M.A. Dmitriev-Mamonova was married to I.A. Fonvizin, the father of the writer). But his financial affairs were not going very well, and he was forced to rent out Mamon's Dacha as a hospital for the mentally ill, Dr. Levenshtein, who occupied it from 1877 to 1884. Later, he mortgaged the estate in the Credit Society, but could not buy it out, and in 1883 the estate was acquired by the gardener F.F. Noev, who turned it into a large, almost industrial-scale, floricultural farm, which was so famous that sometimes "Mamon's cottage" was called "Noeva".
In 1908, the issue of acquiring Mamonovaya Dacha was discussed by the Moscow City Duma. Negotiations were long, and as a result, the purchase price was reduced from 15 to 9 rubles per square sazhen. In 1910 the estate became the property of the city. At the beginning of 1912, it was decided to turn Vasilevsky into public garden- put the park in order, break paths and flower beds, build a music stage, a coffee house, arrange a tennis court. All this required a lot of money, and as a result, it was first decided to rent out the main house as a restaurant. But soon the first broke out World War, and Vasilyevsky began to collapse more and more.
Some changes came in 1921, when during one of sports holidays on the Vorobyovy Gory members of the Comintern became interested in the abandoned palace, expressing a desire to set up a school and a museum in it physical culture. Repairs began, and in the spring of 1922 an orphanage for starving children was placed on the lower floor of the house. On August 3, 1924, the Central Museum of Ethnology was opened in Vasilevsky, which demonstrated household items and crafts, clothes of the peoples of the USSR. The museum existed until the Great Patriotic War, then it was transferred to Leningrad, and after the war it was located here, which was led by Academician N. N. Semenov, who was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1956 for the discovery of the phenomenon of chain reactions. Since 1990, the institute has been named after him. The Institute of Biochemical Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after N. M. Emanuel is also located here.
In 1937-1950, buildings were built in the Mamonovaya Dacha park, where the Institute of Physical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences named after A.I. P. L. Kapitsa. Memorial plaques hang on the walls of the institute, reporting that the great physicists of the 20th century, academicians, Nobel Prize winners P. L. Kapitsa and L. D. Landau lived and worked here.
Currently, the main buildings of the estate - the main house, the greenhouse and the linden park are protected by the state as valuable monuments of nature and architecture. On the territory of Mamonovaya Dacha, a linden alley has been preserved to this day, the age of the trees of which is more than 250 years. The shape and arrangement of some alleys remained the same as many years ago.
