Russian-Kazakh phrasebook: how to explain yourself in an unfamiliar country. Popular phrases and expressions for travelers.
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The Kazakh language is spoken by 12 million people who mostly live in Kazakhstan. Kazakh writing has undergone many changes: at first they used the runic alphabet, then Arabic-Muslim writing, Latin, and in the years Soviet power- Cyrillic. AT this moment used in the country Cyrillic alphabet, but by 2025 there should be a transition to the Latin alphabet. The Kazakh language is considered one of the richest and beautiful languages, because his dictionary has more than 160 thousand words. A feature of the language is that it does not use the category of gender; in most words, the emphasis should be placed on last syllable, it is also worth noting that there are no prepositions in Kazakh.
The longest word in the Kazakh language consists of 33 letters - "қanaғattandyrylmagandyқtaryңyzdan". In translation, it will sound like "because of your discontent." This word is used when respectfully addressing certain people.
Greetings, common expressions |
|
| Good morning! | Kaiyrly tan! |
| Good afternoon! | Kaiyrly kun! |
| Good evening! | Kaiyrly cash! |
| Hello! | Salemetsiz be |
| Hey! | Salem! |
| How are you? | Kalynyz Kalay? |
| Thanks, very good | Rakhmet, jakses |
| How are you feeling? | Konil-kuyiniz kalay? |
| Everything is good | Bari jacks |
| Goodbye! | Sau Bolyniz! |
| See you soon | Kezdeskenshe sau bolyniz! |
| Till tomorrow! | Erten Kezdeskenshe |
| I have to go | Men ketuim kerek |
| I'm sorry you're leaving | Ketetininіz kandai ekіnіshі |
| Yes | Ya |
| Not | Jock |
| Good | Zharaids |
| I'm against | Men karsymyn |
| Thanks | Rakhmet |
| Thanks a lot | Kop rahmet |
Acquaintance, the beginning of a conversation |
|
| Allow me to present to | In - we are tanystyruga ruksat etiniz |
| I want to introduce you to... | Sizdi... men tanystyrayyn dep edim |
| Very nice | Ote kuanyshtymyn |
| My name is... | Menin esimim... |
| Sorry... | Keshiriniz... |
| I would like to talk to you | Sizben saleseyin dep eat |
| Are you very busy right now? | Kazir uakytynyz tygyz ba? |
| May I ask you? | Sizden surauga bola ma? |
| Can you help me? | Magan kemek bere alasyz ba? |
| Can I speak to...? | ...Salesuime bola ma? |
| I'm looking for... | Men...Izdep zhurmin |
| Who can I ask? | Kimnen surauyma boladas? |
| Where can I find it? | Are they kai zherden tabuga boladas? |
| What happened? | Not Boldy? |
| I need to call | My phone soguym kere |
Numbers and numbers |
|
| One | Baer |
| Two | Yeke |
| Three | yosh |
| Four | Cake |
| Five | Bes |
| Six | Alty |
| Seven | gete |
| Eight | Segyz |
| Nine | Togyz |
| Ten | He |
| Twenty | Zhyyyrma |
| Thirty | Otyz |
| Fourty | kryk |
| Fifty | Yelu |
| Sixty | Alpys |
| Seventy | Jetpes |
| Eighty | Sexen |
| Ninety | Toksan |
| Hundred | Zhus |
| One thousand | We N |
| Million | Million |
Months |
|
| January | Kantar |
| February | Akpan |
| March | Nauryz |
| April | Saur |
| May | Mamyr |
| June | Mausym |
| July | Shelde |
| August | Tamyz |
| September | Kirkuek |
| October | Kazan |
| November | Kara |
“Ozіnshe” is translated as “business”, or “all of myself”, or “all of myself business”. This phrase is usually pronounced in the tone of grandmothers at the entrance, who do not discuss except the Higgs boson when two protons collide. And that’s because the Higgs boson just hasn’t passed them yet in nylon tights at minus 15. That is, if you were told “neg ozіnshe bolyp zhүrsіn?” (why are you all so businesslike?) ”or“ ozіnshe bolmashy (be simpler) ”, so this is a hint that maybe it’s time to change and become simpler. Maybe not? Otherwise, everyone considers himself an “ozinshe” expert who can advise everyone on what to be and what not to be.
In general, of course, “ozinshe” is a harmless word that can still be translated as “in your own way”. For example, “Ozіnshe tүsіndi – understood in his own way”, “Ozіnshe zhasada – did it in his own way”.
"Koishy!"
This phrase translates as “stop” or “enough” and is spoken by a man, mom, dad, children, old people and all other people except wives and girls. "Koishy!" wives and girls is translated as "oh, everything!". That is, if you suddenly say to her “ozіnshe bolmashy”, and she will answer you “oh, koishy!” (and she will certainly answer that way), then further conversation useless.
By the way, the same word can be used as a noun. Then it is translated as "shepherd of sheep."
"Bismilyah"
No, this phrase does not translate as “The detonator will work in 13 seconds, buddy. You can still get away." "Bismilyah" does not translate from Kazakh at all. This is primordial Arabic phrase, which is used by absolutely all Kazakhs - believers and non-believers. A Kazakh may not pray, not believe in God, and generally be an atheist, but when a plane hits a turbulence zone at an altitude of 9,000 meters, he says "bissmiles." From this it is clear that this phrase is usually used in cases where something scared the Kazakh. So if a Kazakh said “bissmiles!” at the sight of you, then at least you look bad. warm shower and deep sleep will help you.
In general, the phrase can be translated as “with the name of Allah”, and it is customary to start any action (sleep, meal, new beginning, etc.) with it so that it is successful.
"Base!"
“Base” is translated as “Oh, there it is! And I thought…” There is also a second version of the translation, it sounds like this: “there it is! I thought so!". At the same time, the Kazakh who pronounces this phrase must pretend that he himself thought of what he thought about later.
Both options differ in tone, as well as in the confused look of the speaker in the first case and in an excitedly confident facial expression.- in the second.
"Bazaar zhok"
“Bazaar zhok” is approval or consent. If the question "how do you like my dress?" the Kazakh answered “bazaar zhok!”, which means that the dress is stunning. If he didn’t answer and frowned, then he ran after the ruler. Here, either the neckline exceeds the standard of 2 cm, or the length of the skirt went beyond accepted norms. Norm - ankle. Joke.
By the way, if the Kazakhs answered your joke “zhoq bazaar!”, It means that the joke was very funny and it makes sense to try out at the Comedy Club. Literally translated as "no market".
"Kudai kalasa"
“Kudai kalasa” is a prefix to any action in the future that has not yet occurred, but is expected. For example, “Kudai qalasa, dollar 6 tenge bolada” - “God willing, the dollar will be 6 tenge”. Bad example, right? Well, or then: “Kudai kalasa, kelesi zhyly inflation bolmaida” - “God willing, in next year there will be no inflation. Again bad example, Yes? Well, in general, the meaning of the phrase, I think, is clear. It can also be used as a standalone phrase. For example, if a girl gets bored with the question “when will we finally get married, go to Paris, buy a car (underline the necessary)?”, then you can safely answer “Kudai kalasa”. That is, you did not specify the terms, but, most importantly, you did not refuse.
Instead of "Kudai kalasa", the Kazakhs sometimes use the expression "Alla zhazsa", which is equal in meaning. It translates as "God willing" or "If the Almighty pleases."
“Karyndas / tәte / apai!”
These are words of appeal to the representatives of the female sex. "Karyndas" is usually said to young girls. Literally translated as "sister". So if a dark-skinned parking attendant, who is definitely not your brother, suddenly turns to you with the phrase “Karyndas, you can’t park here,” you don’t need to make a scandal.
A scandal can be arranged if you are “tate” (young woman), and the parking attendant turned to you “apai” (aged woman). Even here, however, it must be understood that different areas countries "tәte" and "apai" can mean the same thing. The main thing is that in the south and in the west you should not be called “tate”, as they call an uncle in these regions.
"Zhanym sol!"
“Zhanym sol” is an endearing phrase. Literally, my soul. Ideally, it should be said to very close and beloved people. But in real life The “habitat” of this phrase is very wide: from your own child and beloved husband to close friend and beloved dog.
By the way, Son Pascal has a song of the same name, have you heard? Beautiful song.
"Solay"
"Solay" is a universal word. It translates as "like this", but depending on what comes after it, it changes its meaning. And this word has so many meanings. Therefore, it is used very often. For example, "solai de" fills a void in a conversation. That is, when you have nothing more to say, you can leave on the phrase "solaaaaay de." The letter "a" here must certainly be stretched out to show the interlocutor that the conversation has dragged on, there is nothing more to say, and let's wrap it up.
Here are some more derivatives of the word “solai”: “solai goy?–like that?”, “solai ma? – so?”, “solai emes ne edі? - is not it?".
"Okasy zhok"
A couple of years ago, I would not have added this phrase to this rating. What for? Few people knew its meaning, but even fewer were those who actually used this phrase in life. Now the situation has changed - many people began to use this phrase in their speech, but the number of those who know its meaning is still extremely small. Now “okasy zhok” is said in response to the gratitude “rahmet!”, That is, they use it as an analogue of “nothing!” and "you're welcome!".
But in fact, "okasy zhok"–it means "no guilt, nothing to worry about." That is, if you stepped on your foot and apologized, then you can answer “okasy zhok”, thereby making it clear that nothing terrible happened. Usephrases as a response to "thank you"–its incorrect use.
Assalaumagaleikum, my friends. As I promised, today we begin, thoughtfully and slowly, to study the basics Kazakh language. And I, God help us, give the floor to our respected teacher.You have the floor, Rasul құrmetti әriptes
Learning Kazakh is an easy and even fascinating process if you decide for yourself that this is one of the most archaic Turkic languages useful to you for the rest of your life.
In general, the study of any language is based on personal interest. In the case of Kazakh, you will be able to live in Kazakhstan in the near future without it. Another thing is that ignorance of it narrows your information resource and prevents the expansion of the circle of communication.
From practical use knowledge of Kazakh is an understanding of the mentality of many Turkic peoples starting with the Kazakhs. No matter how Russian-speaking Kazakhs consider themselves to be completely “Europeans”, millennia of a nomadic way of life, habitat, tribal relations implicitly, imperceptibly, subtly and sometimes unexpectedly emerge in the whimsical structure of thoughts. Despite the complete denial of knowledge mother tongue large quantity modern Kazakhs - the roots of this Russian-speaking are shallow (3-4 generations maximum against dozens of generations of life in yurts, night raids, crowds around a cauldron, partisan tactics against Chinese troops and head-on clashes with others nomadic tribes). The more surprises can await those who believe that any Kazakh who knows only Russian is the bearer of the Russian mentality.
Not knowing the Kazakh language is a common thing, but knowing it is a great personal merit and a touch on the amazing worldview that awaits you after the first few hundred words you have learned and applied.
Having mastered Kazakh at a conversational level, you can safely join language contacts with Uzbeks (these are the same Kazakhs, only the language is softer and there are more Persian-Arabic words in the language), Tatars, Kyrgyz, Nogais, Altaians, Turks (if you make them speak slowly and catch the distortions that modern Turkish language applied to the ancient dialect). With all these peoples, you can easily explain yourself in Russian or English language, however, with the help of Kazakh you will gain a tool with which you can not only exchange information, but - most importantly! - to open the soul of the interlocutor and get to the hidden depths of the meaning of speech. Knowledge of the Kazakh language will in no way deprive you of your own nationality, culture and identity, but it will allow you to look at your people from a different angle and see your face in the mirror with different eyes.
In the meantime, you decide to teach or not to teach, like Shakespeare's Danish prince, I propose to learn a simple greeting and farewell in the Kazakh language. Having learned these ten phrases, you will not jump on horses and learn how to turn a live ram into neat pieces of meat in 25 minutes, but you will be able to look into the ajar door of the yurt, where over a thousand For years, nomadic tribes have been solving global and tribal issues.
There are two forms of politeness in the Kazakh language - for YOU and for YOU. Knowing Russian, you will easily understand and accept it.
The classic Kazakh greeting sounds like
-Amansyz ba! (on you)
and translates as "Are you all right?" but is used as a greeting.
Variant on You, sounds like
-Amansyn ba! “Are you all right?”
or simply
-Aman ba? - "Everything is fine?"
The word "aman" has dozens of situational translations, but the general meaning is healthy; unscathed; prosperous; great; unscathed; safe; in safe.
The official greeting in modern Kazakh is
-Calemetsizbe? - "Hello"
This question is identical to "amansyzba" and it is your choice which of the greetings to choose.
If you look for the “on You” option for this greeting option, then it will be close
-Calemet pe?
With thousand years of history Muslims came into use and the traditional greeting
-Assalaum alaikum- and this greeting is more often pronounced as " assalaumagaleykum»
If you choose between greetings, then the most neutral will be “Amansyz ba”, because “ Calemetsizbe" - gives the official shade, and " Assalaum alaikum” is more often a greeting between men.
There are other, less formal greetings.
-Khal kalay? - and translates as "how are you?", and more often pronounced as " Kal kalay?»
The direct translation of the greeting is “How are you?”, because “hal” can be translated as strength, power, condition, position.
-Halynyz kalay? - the same greeting, but on you.
The usual responses to greetings are
Amansyz ba - Amanmyn, rahmet!
Calemetsizbe - Calemetsizbe
Khal kalay? - Zhaksy, rahmet!
We can say that everything is in order:
-Bari de durys, rakhmet.
A simple farewell is also based on the word "haman".
-Aman bolyniz!- "Goodbye, be healthy, happy."
- Aman bol! - "goodbye ".
-kosh bol- "bye" (on You)
-kosh bolynyz(on you)
On some Internet tips in the language, you can’t go far. Therefore, try to find a victim, a Kazakh who speaks his native language. Let him (a) tell all the greetings he knows, formal-informal.
To greet a person correctly is 99% to start a conversation, to be able to please the interlocutor and benefit from it for yourself.
P.S. The main thing in the Kazakh language is to understand in time where the interlocutor is from and start making fun of his area. If a southerner, then call him Uzbekized, if a northerner, then Russified. If it’s Western, then it’s a Turkmen, and if it’s Eastern… I don’t know, probably Russified again)))) For traditional joking, you need to estimate the height, weight of the joker and figure out where to hit him first or he can throw him with a deflection through himself. After quick victory it is recommended to give a hand (understand by a handshake - how much strength he has left) and enjoy an interesting conversation together. (Kazakh humor)
Rahmet, Rasul, it was very interesting, exciting and informative. Indeed, as you greet, so you will be received. And this truth sounds the same in the language of any nation). My friends, we are waiting for your feedback, suggestions, comments and healthy, constructive criticism. Turn on and join kosh keldiniz . Until the next lesson on the pages of my blog.
The Kazakh people are very rich in their spiritual values. Proof are folk traditions, which great multitude. And that is natural causes. As is known from history, in past centuries, for example, until the twentieth century, the life of the Kazakhs was mainly associated with animal husbandry, which required frequent migration to new places and the corresponding arrangement of life. All this contributed to the emergence of folk traditions, which the Kazakh people adhere to to this day.
The most main tradition- greet at the meeting - "Amandas". It contains not only wishes for good health, but also the main issue for the inhabitants of the steppe, which is harsh by nature, is about health. This Kazakh folk tradition has not changed since the Kazakhs switched to a sedentary lifestyle in the last century.
The tradition of "Amandasu" also reflected the fact that Kazakhs from time immemorial turn to their parents on "You"
How to say hello to elders
In this everyday tradition there are peculiar appeals-paints to aksakals, grandmothers, mothers, relatives, younger ones, etc. For example:
- Amansyz ba? Amansyn ba? Aman essentials be? Aman-essensin be?
- Assalaumagaleikum! - Wa-alei-kum-salem!
- Esensiz be? Yesensin be? - Hello, hello. Literally: Are you healthy?
- Kaiyrly tan! - Good morning!
- Kaiyrly kun! - Good afternoon!
- Kaiyrly cash! - Good evening!
- Kesh is hot! - Good evening! Literally: Bright evening.
To the greeting “Kaiyrly tan! Kaiyrly kun! Kaiyrly Kesh!” the answer should be the same
Hearing “Kesh zharyk!”, The answer follows “Eshkin aryk!” (Is your animal population intact?). Usually
such an answer followed the greeting of the villager who entered the yurt, who had already been seen in the afternoon,
and at the same time who entered for the first time or an unfamiliar traveler, whom the Kazakhs call God's guest. The answer "Eshkin aryk" means that animal husbandry was the main business of the Kazakhs. And what is remarkable, the tradition of such an answer has been preserved to this day even in cities.
How to greet women
Elderly and older people greeted women of the same age like this:
“Kalaysyz, baibishe, otagasy, bala-ashaga aman-esen be?” (How are you, baibishe, as the head of the family, are the children healthy?).
The girls were addressed:
"Analaiyn, are you all right?"
Daughters-in-law who did respectful worship-salem were greeted like this:
“Zhaksymysyn kelin bala, bakytty bol, ul tap” (Are you doing well, daughter-in-law, be happy, be the mother of many children).
The influence of social status on greeting
In the past, Kazakh society was divided into "aksuyek" ( white bone, aristocrats) and "karasuyek" (black bone, so called commoners). The "white bone" included the Genghisides - the descendants of Genghis Khan, and the Khojas, the descendants of the Prophet Muhammad preaching Islam.
The privileged position of the descendants of Genghis Khan, khans and sultans, who were called "tore", in public life Kazakhs extended not only to the sphere of politics, but also to the norms everyday etiquette. Ordinary Kazakhs in a conversation with a khan or a sultan could not call him by name, instead they had to use the word "taqsyr". When greeting and expressing gratitude, they were required to say "Aldiyar!", Putting both hands to their chest or right hand to the right knee. If, at a chance meeting with a representative of the “white bone”, a commoner was sitting on horseback, then he had to get off his horse and bow one knee to the Sultan, and he, as a sign of greeting, put his right hand on the shoulder of the oncoming one and answered: “Aman ba?” (Are your relatives healthy, are the livestock intact?)
The khans put their hand on the shoulders of the ambassadors. John Castle, who visited the headquarters of the Khan of the Younger Zhuz Abulkhair in 1756, wrote:
“During the quickly passed three hours of the audience, the khan put his hand on my right shoulder as a sign of respect. This, I learned, is a sign of special respect.”
Akyn greetings
Akyns also greeted the audience in their own way. Coming out to the audience, they bowed to the people, holding their left palm to the heart. To such a greeting, the people usually responded with exclamations:
"Bar Bol! Orkenin össin!” (Be happy!)
Thus, the akyns received the blessing of the people.
There is interesting story the exit of the young akyn Kenen Azirbayuly, who later became famous.
Yerkebay Bugybazaruly went to the feast of the Kirghiz Shabdan Zhanbayuly and took the young singer with him. Kenen never performed in such a large cluster people. Venerable akyns, among whom were great poets - Kazakh Zhambul and Kirghiz Toktogul, showed their art one after another. When Kenen's turn came, he cried out as usual, invoking his ancestors, but he could not sing. The same thing happened the second time. There was an astonished murmur among the spectators. Then one of the elders raised his right hand, silence immediately fell, and support sounded in the elder’s voice:
— Son, the people say “Er kezegi ushke deyin” – a horseman must try three times. Don't be shy, try again.
And only then a song escaped from Kenen's heart. The words flowed like from a mountain stream. The song flew high above the steppe, as if conveying a kindred Kazakh greeting to the Kirghiz:
Men ozim Dulat degen elden keldim,
Kol Kopa, Kordai degen zherden keldim.
Zhas bala zhana talap men bir koishy,
Tugaly mundai zhiyn kormep eat.
From where the Dulat clan lives, I came,
Where the place is called Korday, and my song.
I'm still young, yesterday's shepherd,
I brought greetings from relatives to you.
Kenen, like a fast pacer, could no longer stop, he sang for a long time and selflessly.
Universal greeting
From what you read, it may seem that the Kazakhs greet differently, and there is no common main greeting.
The well-known "Assalaumagaleikum!" is a tradition of the Arab people, brought to the Kazakh steppe with the Islamic religion
And it is natural that today's inquisitive youth are increasingly turning to the original form of the ancient Kazakh tradition "Armysyz". AT " Turkic dictionary”, written by Mahmut Kashkari in the 11th century, it is written that the word “Ar” among the Turks means “Man, honor”.
Therefore, many Kazakhs continue to greet in accordance with their native language. Kazakh tradition- with adults "Armysyz", with the younger ones - "Armysyn".
In the understanding of the Kazakhs, the word "Ar" to this day has the meaning of "Man" and "Honor". Therefore, the Kazakhs from ancient times have laid in this action the most important moral concept in life.
Greeting “Armysyz”, “Armysyn”, the person, as it were, asked the paramount question: “Are you an honest person, have you done something discrediting your nation, country”?
To such a greeting, everyone received a question-answer: “Barmysyz”, “Barmysyn”, which means “are you an honest person yourself, have you yourself done something discrediting your homeland?”.
The ancestors of the Kazakhs understood that the basis of the foundations of life is to be and remain honest and worthy man. Only society honest people can climb more high level civilization. Wise ancestors left their descendants - the current Kazakhs - the most better shape their tradition, which is called "Amandasu" - to say hello.
