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"DARK ALLEYS" I. BUNIN - THE THEME OF LOVE IN THE CYCLE
The unity of the cycle of stories I.A. Bunina " Dark alleys»
The book "Dark Alleys" is usually called the "encyclopedia of love." I. A. Bunin in this cycle of stories tried to show the relationship of two with different sides, in all its variety of manifestations. Bunin believed that the true high feeling not only never has a successful ending, but has the property of even avoiding marriage. The writer has said this over and over again. He also quite seriously quoted Byron's words: "It is often easier to die for a woman than to live with her." Love is the intensity of feelings, passions. A person, alas, cannot always be on the rise. He will certainly begin to fall exactly when he has reached highest point in whatever it is. After all, you can’t rise above the highest peak!
In "Dark Alleys" we do not find a description of the irresistible attraction of two people, which would end in a wedding and a happy family life. Even if the heroes decide to tie their fates, last moment a catastrophe occurs, something unforeseen that destroys both lives. Often such a catastrophe is death. It seems that it is easier for Bunin to imagine the death of a hero or heroine at the very beginning. life path than their joint existence during years. To live to old age and die on the same day - for Bunin, this is not at all the ideal of happiness, rather, on the contrary. Thus, Bunin, as it were, stops time at the highest take-off of feelings. Love reaches its climax, but it knows no fall. We will never meet a story that tells about fading away passions. It breaks off at a moment when the routine has not yet had time to have a detrimental effect on feelings.
The book "Dark Alleys" is a whole gallery of female portraits. Here you can meet early grown-up girls, and self-confident young women, and respectable ladies, and prostitutes, and models, and peasant women. Each portrait, written in short strokes, is surprisingly real. The main thing is that all the characters are surprisingly Russian and the action almost always takes place in Russia.
Women's images play the main role in the stories, men's are secondary. More attention is paid to male emotions, their reactions to various situations, their feelings. The heroes of the stories themselves recede into the background, into the fog. The stories also amaze with a huge variety of shades of love: the simple-hearted, but indestructible attachment of a peasant girl to the master who seduced her (“Tanya”); fleeting dacha hobbies (“Zoyka and Valeria”); a short one-day novel (“Antigone”, “ Business Cards”); passion leading to suicide (“Galya Ganskaya”); the ingenuous confession of a young prostitute (“Madrid”). Love in all possible manifestations. It appears in any guise: it can be a poetic, sublime feeling, a moment of enlightenment, or, conversely, an irresistible physical attraction without spiritual intimacy. But whatever it may be, for Bunin it is only a brief moment, lightning in fate. The heroine of the story “Cold Autumn”, who lost her fiancé, loves him for thirty years and believes that in her life there was only one autumn evening, and everything else is “unnecessary sleep.
I. A. Bunin devoted a significant part of his works to the theme of love, from the earliest to the latest. The collection "Dark Alleys" became the embodiment of all the writer's many years of thinking about love. He saw her everywhere, because for him this concept was very broad.
Bunin's stories are precisely philosophy. He sees love in a special light. At the same time, it reflects the feelings that each person experienced. From this point of view, love is just not a special, abstract concept, but, on the contrary, common to all.
“Dark Alleys” is a multi-faceted, diverse work. Bunin shows human relations in all manifestations: sublime passion, quite ordinary desires, novels “for nothing to do”, animal manifestations of passion. In his characteristic manner, Bunin always finds the right, suitable words to describe even the basest human instincts. He never descends to vulgarity, because he considers it unacceptable. Love for a writer is a completely earthly, real, tangible feeling. Spirituality is inseparable from physical nature human attraction to each other. And this is no less beautiful and attractive for Bunin.
The image of a woman is that attractive force that constantly attracts Bunin. He creates a gallery of such images, each story has its own. A simple girl from the village in the story “Tanya” is as beautiful as a bright Spaniard from “Camargue”. The writer also addresses the fates of fallen women, they are no less interesting for him than ladies who keep up appearances. Love equalizes everyone. Prostitutes do not cause disgust, and vice versa, the behavior of some women from "decent" families leads to bewilderment. social status ceases to matter when feelings come into play.
It is surprising that the action of a story can last very long. a short time. In several stories, Bunin simply describes the women he accidentally saw in the train car. And it's no less interesting than if there was some kind of action. The images are bright, immediately imprinted in the memory. This is typical for Bunin.
Bunin is in love with love. For him, this is the most beautiful feeling on earth, incomparable to anything else. And yet love destroys destinies. The writer did not tire of repeating that any strong love avoids marriage. The earthly feeling is only a brief flash in a person's life, and Bunin tries to preserve these wonderful moments in his stories. Even before the appearance of “Dark Alleys”, he writes: “The blessed hours are passing, and it is necessary, it is necessary ... to save at least something, that is, to oppose death, the flowering of wild rose.” Last look taken from N. Ogaryov's poem "An Ordinary Tale". This is where the name “Dark Alleys” came from.
Bunin strives in his stories to stop the moment, to prolong the flowering of the dog rose, because the fall of flowers is inevitable.
In the collection "Dark Alleys" there is not a single story where love would end in marriage. Lovers are separated either by relatives, or circumstances, or death.
The story "Dark alleys"
story dark alley bunin
The old general arrives at the post station in the Tula province and meets his beloved, whom he has not seen for thirty-five years. He does not immediately recognize Nadezhda, now the owner of the inn where they once met. And, having found out, she suddenly finds out that all these years she loved him alone. General Nikolai Alekseevich is trying to justify himself to Nadezhda that he has not visited her for so many years: “Everything passes, my friend ... Love, youth - everything, everything. The story is vulgar, ordinary. Everything passes over the years. How does it say in the book of Job? “How will you remember the water that has flowed.” But these explanations are painfully clumsy, insincere. And Nadezhda wisely answers the aged general: “What does God give to whom, Nikolai Alekseevich. Youth passes for everyone, but love is another matter. Bunin's hero does not believe: "After all, you couldn't have loved me all your life!" However, it turns out that she could. And Nadezhda “with an unkind smile” reproaches her lover: “You abandoned me very heartlessly, how many times I wanted to lay hands on myself from resentment from one, not to mention everything else,” although she realizes that “it’s too late now to reproach.” The general does not seem to feel remorse: “Ah! Everything passes. “Everything is forgotten.” But in fact, Nadezhda is right: “everything passes, but not everything is forgotten.” And Nikolai Alekseevich could not forget his first love. In vain he prayed: "Go away... Go away, please." And suddenly he says: “If only God would forgive me. You seem to have forgiven." It turns out that she did not forgive. Nadezhda did not forgive him, she admits: “Just as I had nothing more valuable than you in the world at that time, so then it was not. That's why I can't forgive you." And Nikolai Alekseevich is forced, as it were, to apologize, to justify himself before ex-lover: “...I've never been happy in my life, please don't think. I'm sorry that maybe I offend your pride, but I'll tell you frankly - I loved my wife without a memory. But she betrayed me, left me even more insultingly than I did you. He adored his son while he was growing up, what hopes he did not place on him! And a scoundrel, a wast, an insolent one, without a heart, without honor, without a conscience, came out ... However, all this is also the most ordinary vulgar story.
We understand that the old love has been preserved, that the characters of the story still love each other. When the general leaves, he confesses to himself: “Isn’t it true that she gave me the best moments of my life?” Fate takes revenge on him for betraying his first love. Nikolai Alekseevich never found happiness in family life. He realizes that he missed the opportunity he was once given. When the coachman tells the general that the hostess of the inn gives money on interest and, although fair, is “cool”: if you didn’t give it back on time, blame yourself, the general projects these words onto his unfinished life. And the hero thinks: “Yes, blame yourself. Yes, of course, the best moments ... But, my God, what happened next? What if he hadn't left her? What nonsense! This same Nadezhda is not the landlady of an inn, but my wife, the mistress of my St. Petersburg house, the mother of my children?” This is how the “sealed vase” of his soul is unsealed, the metaphor of which is in the story “dark alleys” - words from a poem by N. Ogarev, once read by the hero to Nadezhda.
Class prejudices at one time prevented the future general from joining his fate with a commoner. But love for her did not leave his heart and prevented him from finding happiness with another woman, prevented him from raising his son with dignity. The betrayal committed in his youth by Nikolai Alekseevich subconsciously haunted him all his life.
The hero of the story "Rusya" opens his "sealed vase" - and also on the road, on the train. From the familiar landscape behind the carriage window, in his soul, as if a kind of “box of resonances” begins to sound, a whole plot of the hero’s long-standing first love unfolds, stronger and better than which there was nothing in his life
The characters of the stories are depicted by Bunin in those moments of life when suddenly, by a coincidence, the long silent “vases” of their souls are “opened”.
Literature
1. Mikhail Edelstein. Library student-philosopher. -- M.: graduate School project. magazine "Znamya" № 1, 2005
2. Diana Myshalova. Essays on Russian Literature Abroad. - Novosibirsk, "Nauka", 1995. - 223 p.
3. Rosa Fedoulova-Touja. On some features of the language of I. Bunin (Dark alleys). Revue des tudes slaves; Paris, 1983.
4. Alexander Zakurenko. "Dark alleys". About the stories of Ivan Bunin. Literary and philosophical journal "Topos", 11/14/2005
5. Balandina N. V. Linguistic and stylistic features of I. A. Bunin’s story “Dark Alleys” // Slovo. Grammar. Speech. - M., 2001. - Issue 3. -- S. 105-116.
6. Balandina N.V. Language tools and their interaction in prose text: (story by I. A. Bunin "Dark Alleys") // Questions of Russian Linguistics. - M., 2005. - Issue. 12: Traditions and trends in modern grammatical science. -- S. 187-192.
7. Blagasova G. M. The dual beginning in Bunin’s concept of love (“Dark Alleys”) // Creativity of I. A. Bunin and Russian literature XIX--XX centuries. - Belgorod, 2000. - Issue. 2. - S. 15-20.
8. Blagasova G. M. The role of colors, sounds, smells in the book of I. A. Bunin "Dark alleys" / G. M. Blagasova, L. S. Kolesnikova // Actual problems studying literature at the crossroads of eras. - Belgorod, 2007. - C. 165-168.
9. Glinina O. G. "Dark alleys" and the problem of cyclization in the work of I. A. Bunin // "Russian literary journal". -- 1999. No. 12. S. 81-91.
10. Grechnev V. Ya. The cycle of stories by I. Bunin “Dark Alleys”: (psychological notes) // Russian Literature. -- 1996. No. 3. S. 226--235.
11. Donetskikh L. I. The name of the cycle as a generalized symbol: (“Dark Alleys” by I. Bunin) / L. I. Donetskikh, E. L. Grudtsina // Bulletin of the Udmurt University. - Izhevsk, 1996. - N 7. - S. 182-188.
12. Donetsk L. I. Folk traditions in the aesthetics of the cycle "Dark Alleys" by I. Bunin // Uchen. app. Kazansky state university. - Kazan, 1998. - T. 135. - S. 202-208.
13. Ilyin I. A. About darkness and enlightenment. Book art criticism: Bunin, Remizov, Shmelev. - M., 1991. - S. 3-79.
14. Karpov I. P. Prose of Ivan Bunin. - M., 1999.
16. Myshalova D.V. Is Bunin a realist? On the poetics of the cycle "Dark Alleys" // "Frontiers". - 1994. - No. 171. - S. 124--130.
17. Podkovyrin Yu. V. The appearance of heroes in the value-semantic structure of I. A. Bunin’s cycle “Dark Alleys” // Siberian Philological Journal, No. 1, 2006. - P. 24-31
18. Rodionova N. A. Types of portrait characteristics in fiction I. A. Bunina: (linguistic-stylistic aspect): Abstract of the thesis. dis. … cand. philol. Sciences. -- Ufa, 1999.
19. Saakyants A. Prose of late Bunin // I. A. Bunin. Collected works: In 6 volumes. T. 5. M, 1988.
20. Slivitskaya O. V. On the nature of Bunin’s “external depiction” // Russian Literature. -- 1994. No. 1. S. 72-80.
21. Slivitskaya O. V. Plot and descriptive in short stories by I. A. Bunin // Russian Literature. -- 1999. No. 1. S. 89-110.
22. Slivitskaya O. V. The feeling of death in the world of Bunin // Russian Literature. -- 2002. No. 1. S. 64-78.
23. Khazan V. Erotic functions of clothing in the cycle of stories by I. Bunin "Dark Alleys" // Russian literature of the twentieth century in the context European culture. -- Tallinn, 1998. S. 119--135.
24. Shirina E. A. Portrait as a means of artistic representation: (On the example of the stories of I. A. Bunin "Heinrich", "Steamboat" Saratov "") // Creativity of I. A. Bunin and Russian literature of the XIX--XX centuries. - - Belgorod, 2000. Issue 2. P. 90-95.
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Dark alleys... Involuntarily, the imagination draws an old park in a light haze of fog, heavy crowns of trees, a mysterious twilight and a unique aroma of freshness and rotten foliage...
"Dark alleys" Bunin wrote in exile. The memory story is filled with tenderness, the sadness of a departed love and the realization that time cannot be turned back and it cannot be. He gave the name to a whole collection of stories that were first published abroad, in New York, in 1943. The researchers immediately noted that all the works of the book are filled with love, embodied in different guises: the writer's love for his distant homeland, for his mother, for an old manor estate. The feeling in Bunin's stories is passionate, platonic, bold, taking and giving - the whole palette of colors of love was used when writing stories. And how beautiful the landscapes and sketches from Everyday life: the music of operas and restaurants, the smells of the city and the countryside, the rustling of silk and velvet, the wild and mysterious urban dark alleys - summary stories will not be able to convey the mood that the collection is filled with. 
One of the stories, "Dark Alleys" is a story of bitter love thirty years ago. Between Nadezhda, who lived in the master's house, and Nikolai Alekseevich, the master's son, a bright flash flared up, overwhelming feeling love. But if a girl experienced then a young man - only a violent passion. They soon separated.
An unexpected meeting thirty years later was painful for both. Nadezhda never married, retaining love for Nikolai in her heart, but he unsuccessfully married and was abandoned by his wife, whom he passionately loved. Their explanation in the upper room of the hotel puts everything in its place: Nadezhda speaks of the only love in his life, Nikolai asks for forgiveness and ... is refused - proud woman did not forgive the man for betrayal. She did not exchange her feelings for her beloved, and was faithful to him for a long 30 years. 
For Nikolai, love became both a test and a punishment: having missed the opportunity to love and be loved one day, he never became happy. Class prejudice played bad joke: his wife, too noble origin, went to her lover, and her son grew up a spoiled boy. Life didn't give him a second chance. But the most striking thing is that the hero does not understand this, he does not repent, does not try to realize - he goes into memories, where he felt good when Nadezhda was young and delightfully beautiful ... Even after thirty years, he preferred to run, tormenting his soul with the lines of a poem , which was read to Nadezhda. It is in it that the dark alleys of the park first appear, not only as an element of the landscape, but as mysterious "alleys of the soul", which are not accessible to everyone.
The woman never reproached Nikolai, did not offend, did not make him feel guilty. Having retained her dignity and pride, Nadezhda managed to rise above life: she is the owner of a good, clean hotel, in which, as if she had been waiting for her Nikolenka all her life. And fate gave her a long-awaited meeting.
"Dark alleys" - short story about a long love story that does not leave the reader indifferent.
COLLECTION "DARK ALLEYS" - ENCYCLOPEDIA OF LOVE DRAMAS. I. A. Bunin addressed the theme of love even at the earliest stages of his work, in the stories * Grammar of Love, Light Breathing, etc. In 1888, speaking about the importance of this topic, Bunin stated: “Love ... brings perfect attitude and light into the everyday prose of life, stirs up the noble instincts of the soul and does not allow one to become hardened in narrow materialism and crude animal egoism. Over time, the theme of love becomes for Bunin one of the most important, leading themes of creativity, reaching its peak in the cycle of stories "Dark Alleys", which the critics have defined as an "encyclopedia of love", or more precisely, an encyclopedia of love dramas. In each of the stories (“Dark Alleys”, “Rus”, “Antigone”, “Tanya”, “In Paris”, “Galya Ganskaya”, “Natalie”, “Clean Monday”; this also includes those written before “Dark Alleys” The story "Sunstroke") shows the moment of the highest triumph of love, which the writer understands as the most beautiful, highest feeling that a person is capable of. In these works we meet both sublime experiences, and conflicting feelings, and violent passions. It is no coincidence that the author himself called "Dark Alleys" "his best book", to which the words of his own poem can be safely attributed:
Your work will outlive you, poet.
Outlive the creator of his creations.
Living will not lose expression
From you once decommissioned portrait -
And you will become invisible, incorporeal,
A dream, a thought, a wonderful fairy tale.
“One of the last rays of some wonderful Russian day,” G. Adamovich called Bunin. Indeed, many saw in his works the magical radiance of a bygone bright day, which can never be repeated. The way Bunin wrote, especially about love, is no longer written. Reading modern books or magazines, we rarely experience that “blissful sinking of hearts” that always occurs when reading the works of a great writer. But Bunin's contemporaries "Dark Alleys" were far from immediately understood and accepted, because it was "a new word, new approach to life," as the author himself said.
In the cycle, which includes about forty stories about love, the wonderful ability of the writer to penetrate into the depths of the human heart and carefully examine all the diversity and richness of the manifestations of the feeling of love is fully revealed. In the short stories of "Dark Alleys" we also see the willfulness of love, with its unpredictable changeability in the moods of those who love it, as a refraction free essence love, which is beyond the categories of good and evil and which is akin to creative inspiration(story "Muse"); and love as a feeling balancing on the verge of vicious temptations and holiness (“Clean Monday”); the love feeling of an innocent girl and a "cocotte"; master and peasant woman ("Dark Alleys", "Tanya"); and random road adventure("Business Cards "); and love as an eternal expectation of a miracle, flashed for a moment in life and lost (“In Paris”).
According to Bunin, it is love that can reveal to a person the beauty of the world around him, give a feeling of the fullness of life. Love sharpens all human senses: sight, hearing, smell, it regenerates the soul itself. The power of love is in its spiritual significance for a person, it turns life into being, existence into a filled high meaning life. Only love can give a person true happiness. But, unfortunately, happiness cannot last forever. The feeling of happiness is always bright and short-lived. And therefore Bunin's love is always short and tragic. According to the writer, the occurrence love feeling incomprehensible, like chance, and inevitable, like death.
The love of Bunin's heroes - natural and dramatic, majestic and eternal - is an integral part of the world, beautiful and tragic at the same time. Nadezhda, the heroine of the story “Dark Alleys”, “lived all by one” for thirty years, but still managed to maintain not only a bright feeling in her soul, but also herself as a person and achieved a lot in life. And her lover, Nikolai Alekseevich, who left her because of the prejudices of society, after a long separation, admits that he was unhappy all these years (his wife insultingly deceived him, his son grew up a scoundrel). Hope for him is "the most precious thing he had in life." But she does not forgive Nikolai Alekseevich, she cannot forget the offense precisely because she continues to love. The result of their life is sad: both remain alone, with hidden resentment and unfulfilled hopes.
A person is not free in his love, and therefore, having parted with his beloved, he always experiences suffering. The feelings of Bunin's heroes are often contradictory. This contradiction is the source of the drama. The heroes of the story "Natalie" are separated by the duality of Meshchersky's behavior, which is torn between "such an agonizing beauty of adoration for Natalie" and "such bodily ecstasy of Sonya." He is not able to immediately sort out his feelings, calling both of them love. Only time and separation make him realize the deceitfulness of purely physical attraction and the sublimity of spiritual, true adoration. Unfortunately, this realization comes too late. Happy love heroes becomes impossible due to the death of the heroine.
For Bunin, love is the only truth, and if it dies, then life itself loses its meaning. The writer does not hide the fact that love brings not only joy, happiness, but also grief, disappointment, and sometimes death. In many stories of his book, love and death are inextricably linked ("Cold Autumn", "Late Hour"). “My God, what an inexpressible happiness it was! - the hero of the story "The Late Hour" exclaims. “It was during the night fire that I kissed your hand for the first time, and you squeezed mine in response, I will never forget this secret consent.” But his beloved dies, leaving only pain and memories of sweet moments of happiness in the hero's soul. This is Bunin's concept of love: a real feeling cannot be eternal.
And yet the author, in my opinion, contradicts himself. Yes, with the death of heroes, their happiness ends, separation brings suffering. But love doesn't die. “Is there an unhappy love? - asks the heroine of the story "Natalie". - Doesn't the most mournful music in the world give happiness? »
Bunin is convinced: "There is no unhappy love", because love is able to overcome all obstacles in the world, even death. The love and life of the characters inevitably end - either by some fatal accident, as in the stories "Rus", "Heinrich", "In Paris", "Natalie" ("Easy breathing"), or by the will of the person himself, as in "Dark Alleys" or "Clean Monday". The finale of many stories is like a bolt from the blue after a bright flash of “blissfully drunken” happiness: “And a month later ... a Cossack officer, ugly and plebeian in appearance, who had absolutely nothing to do with the circle to which Olya Meshcherskaya belonged, shot her on station platform, among a large crowd of people who had just arrived with the train” (“Light Breath”); “On the third day of Easter he died in a subway car” (“In Paris”); “In December, she died on Lake Geneva in a premature birth” (“Natalie”); “In the spring of that year, I learned that she had come home with pneumonia and died within a week. I also found out that it was her will - to hide her death from me as long as possible ”(“ Lika ”); "Vein. December 17th. Today, in the restaurant "Franzens-ring" famous writer Arthur Spiegler killed a Russian journalist and translator of many modern Austrian and German novelists, who worked under the pseudonym “Heinrich” ”(“ Heinrich ”), with a revolver shot.
The ending of a number of stories is the suicide of a hero or heroine ("Zoyka and Valeria", "Galya Ganskaya").
And yet, no matter how short, and sometimes instantaneous, love, its light illuminates the rest of the life of the heroes, because in Bunin's understanding, love turns out to be attached to eternity. And not because it has been repeated for centuries in all generations, but because it does not lend itself to disappearance in consciousness, in “inner time” and, therefore, carries some kind of higher beginning. It is no coincidence that the heroes of "Dark Alleys" echo each other: "There was no such happiness in his whole life ..." ("Rusya"); "He kissed her cold hand With the love that remains somewhere in the heart for life ... "(" Business Cards "); "What was it? It passed and disappeared. But the heart in the chest remained standing. And so, with a stopped heart, carrying it in me like a heavy cup, I moved on* (“Late hour”).
Having lost their love, the characters of "Dark Alleys" live on happy memories with her. They return again and again to those places where they experienced “perplexity of happiness”, which once again experience in their souls that “amazing summer that was already twenty years ago”. Bunin's heroes experienced love, which means they are happy. Even if this happiness is just a memory. Without love there can be no true happiness. So, the heroine of the story “Clean Monday” has everything in life: comfort, grace, independence, the opportunity to enjoy life, but there is no happiness and peace in her soul. That is why she chooses the path of serving God - she goes to the monastery in search of high and bright feelings that can replace the feeling of love.
"Dark alleys" by I. A. Bunin - great book about love, understood as “a certain higher tense moment of being”, which illuminates the whole life of a person, with its secrets, riddles, contradictions. This is a book about human life, which is not lived in vain only when it was, albeit short, albeit tragic, but real love. And here are the lines of Bunin's poem:
On an April day, I left the people,
Gone forever humbly and silently -
And yet I was not in vain in life:
I didn't die for love.
Love in "Dark Alleys", as in other works of the writer, appears as a huge, formidable force, capable of turning the whole life and worldview of the hero. It is tragic, but it gives him unforgettable moments of happiness, elevating him, raising him above the world of everyday vanity, and is remembered for a lifetime. The author affirms the true spiritual values, beauty and greatness of a person capable of a great, sincere, passionate, all-consuming feeling. He affirms the sublimity, the purity of true, ideal love, which always remains bright and beautiful, even when it brings pain, separation or death. Images, unique in their spiritual strength, deep psychologism of the writer, penetration into the most secret secrets human soul, tenderness and trembling feelings, the combination of seemingly incompatible, opposite - love and hate, suffering and happiness - this is what makes this book by I. Bunin a real masterpiece of Russian and world literature.
In April 1947, I. Bunin wrote about the book "Dark Alleys": "It speaks of the tragic and of many tender and beautiful things - I think that this is the best and most beautiful thing that I wrote in my life." And today there is hardly a person whose heart does not open to meet this miracle, does not want to absorb, feel every line, every emotion of the author, learn to live full life, truly, sincerely experience, rejoice and suffer, keep in the soul the most important feelings and memories. And this means that "Dark Alleys" can be called not just an encyclopedia of love, it can be called a real school of life.
The unity of the cycle of stories by I. A. Bunin "Dark Alleys"
The book "Dark Alleys" is usually called the "encyclopedia of love." I. A. Bunin in this cycle of stories tried to show the relationship of two from different angles, in all its variety of manifestations. “Dark Alleys” is the writer's favorite brainchild, which has been created for many years. Here the author's thoughts about love were embodied. This was the topic to which Bunin gave all his creative forces. The book is as multifaceted as love itself.
The name "Dark Alleys" was taken by Bunin from N. Ogaryov's poem "An Ordinary Tale". It is about the first love, which did not end with the union of two lives. The image of "dark alleys" comes from there, but there is no story with that title in the book, as one might expect. This is just a symbol, the general mood of all the stories.
Bunin believed that a true, high feeling not only never has a successful ending, but even has the property of avoiding marriage. The writer has said this over and over again. He also quite seriously quoted Byron's words: "It is often easier to die for a woman than to live with her." Love is the intensity of feelings, passions. A person, alas, cannot always be on the rise. He will certainly begin to fall precisely when he has reached the highest point in anything. After all, you can’t rise above the highest peak!
In "Dark Alleys" we do not find a description of the irresistible attraction of two people, which would end in a wedding and a happy family life. Even if the heroes decide to bind their destinies, at the last moment a catastrophe occurs, something unforeseen that destroys both lives. Often such a catastrophe is death. It seems that it is easier for Bunin to imagine the death of a hero or heroine at the very beginning of life than their coexistence for many years. To live to old age and die on the same day - for Bunin, this is not at all the ideal of happiness, rather, on the contrary.
Thus, Bunin, as it were, stops time at the highest take-off of feelings. Love reaches its climax, but it knows no fall. We will never meet a story that tells of the gradual fading of passion. It breaks off at a moment when the routine has not yet had time to have a detrimental effect on feelings.
However, such fatal outcomes do not in the least exclude the credibility and plausibility of the stories. It was alleged that Bunin spoke of cases from own life. But he did not agree with this - the situations are completely fictional. He often wrote the characters of the heroines from real women.
The book "Dark Alleys" is a whole gallery of female portraits. Here you can meet early grown-up girls, and self-confident young women, and respectable ladies, and prostitutes, and models, and peasant women. Each portrait, written in short strokes, is surprisingly real. One can only be surprised at the talent of the author, who knew how to present to us in a few words such different women. The main thing is that all the characters are surprisingly Russian and the action almost always takes place in Russia.
Women's images play the main role in the stories, men's - auxiliary, secondary. More attention is paid to male emotions, their reactions to various situations, their feelings. The heroes of the stories themselves recede into the background, into the fog.
The stories also amaze with a huge variety of shades of love: the simple-hearted, but indestructible attachment of a peasant girl to the master who seduced her (“Tanya”); fleeting dacha hobbies (“Zoyka and Valeria”); a short one-day novel (“Antigone”, “Business Cards”); passion leading to suicide (“Galya Ganskaya”); the ingenuous confession of a young prostitute (“Madrid”). In a word, love in all possible manifestations. It appears in any guise: it can be a poetic, sublime feeling, a moment of enlightenment, or, conversely, an irresistible physical attraction without spiritual intimacy. But whatever it may be, for Bunin it is only a brief moment, lightning in fate. The heroine of the story “Cold Autumn”, who lost her fiance, loves him for thirty years and believes that in her life there was only that autumn evening, and everything else is an “unnecessary dream”.
In many stories of the cycle, Bunin describes the female body. This is something sacred for him, the embodiment of true Beauty. These descriptions never descend to crude naturalism. The writer knows how to find words to describe the most intimate human relationships without any vulgarity. Without a doubt, this is given only at the cost of great creative torment, but it is easy to read, in one breath.
I. A. Bunin in the cycle of stories “Dark Alleys” managed to display many facets of human relations, created a whole galaxy female images. And what unites all this diversity is the feeling to which Bunin dedicated most his creativity, - Love.
Bibliography
For the preparation of this work, materials from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/ were used.
A cycle of stories called "Dark Alleys" is dedicated to the eternal theme of any kind of art - love. They say about "Dark Alleys" as a kind of encyclopedia of love, which contains the most diverse and incredible stories about this great and often contradictory feeling.
And the stories that were included in Bunin's collection amaze with their diverse plots and extraordinary style, they are the main assistants of Bunin, who wants to portray love at the peak of feelings, tragic love, but from this - and perfect.
Feature of the cycle "Dark Alleys"
The phrase itself, which served as the name for the collection, was taken by the writer from the poem "An Ordinary Tale" by N. Ogaryov, which is dedicated to first love, which did not have the expected continuation.
In the collection itself there is a story with that name, but this does not mean that this story is the main one, no, this expression is the personification of the mood of all stories and stories, a common elusive meaning, a transparent, almost invisible thread connecting the stories with each other.
A feature of the cycle of stories "Dark Alleys" can be called moments when the love of two heroes, for some reason, can no longer continue. Often the executioner of the passionate feelings of Bunin's heroes is death, sometimes unforeseen circumstances or misfortunes, but most importantly, love is never given to come true.
This is what it consists key concept Bunin's ideas about earthly love between the two. He wants to show love at its peak, he wants to emphasize its real wealth and highest value, that she does not need to turn into life circumstances like a wedding, a marriage, a life together…
Female images of "Dark Alleys"
Particular attention should be paid to unusual female portraits, which are so rich in "Dark Alleys". Ivan Alekseevich writes out images of women with such grace and originality that female portrait each story becomes unforgettable and truly intriguing.
Bunin's skill consists of several exact terms and metaphors that instantly paint in the mind of the reader the picture described by the author with many colors, shades and nuances.
The stories "Rus", "Antigone", "Galya Ganskaya" are an exemplary example of various, but vivid images Russian woman. The girls whose stories are created by the talented Bunin are somewhat reminiscent of the love stories they experience.
We can say that the key attention of the writer is directed precisely to these two elements of the cycle of stories: women and love. And love stories are just as rich, unique, sometimes fatal and masterful, sometimes so original and incredible that it’s hard to believe in them.
Male images in "Dark Alleys" are weak-willed and insincere, and this also determines the fatal course of all love stories.
Feature of love in "Dark Alleys"
The stories of "Dark Alleys" reveal not only the theme of love, they reveal the depths of the human personality and soul, and the very concept of "love" is presented as the basis of this difficult and not always happy life.
And love does not have to be mutual in order to bring unforgettable impressions, love does not have to turn into something eternal and relentlessly ongoing in order to please and make a person happy.
Bunin shrewdly and subtly shows only "moments" of love, for the sake of which it is worth experiencing everything else, for the sake of which it is worth living.
"Clean Monday" story
The story "Clean Monday" is mysterious, and not completely understandable history love. Bunin describes a pair of young lovers who, it would seem, look perfect for each other, but the catch is that they inner worlds have nothing in common.
The image of a young man is simple and logical, while the image of his beloved is inaccessible and complex, striking her chosen one with its inconsistency. One day she says that she would like to go to a monastery, and this causes complete bewilderment and misunderstanding for the hero.
And the end of this love is as complex and incomprehensible as the heroine herself. After intimacy with a young man, she silently leaves him, then asks him not to ask anything, and soon he learns that she has gone to the monastery.
She made the decision on Clean Monday, when there was an intimacy between lovers, and the symbol of this holiday is a symbol of her purity and torment, from which she wants to get rid of.
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