Konstantin Simonov - biography, information, personal life. goal setting

“The major brought the boy on a carriage ...” Konstantin Simonov

The major brought the boy on a carriage.
Mother died. The son did not say goodbye to her.
For ten years in this and that world
These ten days will be credited to him.

He was taken from the fortress, from Brest.
The carriage was scratched by bullets.
It seemed to the father that the place was safer
From now on, there is no child in the world.

The father was wounded and the cannon was broken.
Tied to a shield so as not to fall,
Clutching a sleeping toy to your chest,
The gray-haired boy was sleeping on the gun carriage.

We went to meet him from Russia.
Waking up, he waved his hand to the troops ...
You say there are others
That I was there and it's time for me to go home ...

You know this grief by hearsay
And it broke our hearts.
Who has seen this boy?
He won't be able to come home.

I must see with the same eyes
With which I cried there, in the dust,
How will that boy come back with us
And kiss a handful of his land.

For everything that we cherished with you,
Called us to fight the military law.
Now my home is not where it used to be
And where he is taken from the boy.

Analysis of Simonov's poem "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ..."

Simonov was drafted into the army with the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. As a correspondent, he visited all fronts, reached Berlin through the territory of Romania, Yugoslavia, Bulgaria, Poland. A significant part of his articles, written during the war years, was published in the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda. Simonov's main work dedicated to wrestling Soviet people With fascist german invaders, - a novel in three parts "The Living and the Dead". The first book was published in 1959, the last in 1971. During the war, the poems of Konstantin Mikhailovich were incredibly popular. The soldiers copied them by hand, knew by heart. One of the most famous - "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ...".

The poem reveals the motif of childhood ruined by a cruel and merciless war. The boy is being taken from Brest - the first Soviet fortress who took the hit Hitler's army and put up a heroic resistance. The child is located on the gun carriage, that is, on the machine tool of an artillery gun. Simonov also indicates the age of the boy. He is ten years old, but he has already turned gray, having survived the death of his mother, whom he did not even have the opportunity to say goodbye to, shelling hometown, hasty evacuation from it, wounding his father. According to the poet, the child seemed to have stayed in the next world. The boy's story is the first part of the poem. In the middle of the piece, Simonov changes the subject. Lyrical hero appears before readers as an implacable fighter who does not want to return home until the enemy is finally defeated. He tells this to his beloved woman, who knows about the sorrows of war only by hearsay. His conscience will not allow him to leave the front until that boy is again in Brest, "kisses a handful of his land."

Simonov's poem was written in 1941, in hard times for Soviet army. Really unprepared for Hitler's attack, our soldiers retreated. The penetrating lyrics of Konstantin Mikhailovich at that time were needed by them more than ever. The poet tried with the help of the word to support the soldiers, to demonstrate vital necessity struggle against the fascists who brought the sorrows of war to the territory of the Soviet Union. Simonov urged to stand to death for the sake of little sons and daughters from whom childhood was taken away, for the sake of mothers and fathers, for the sake of beloved ones. The hearts of Soviet soldiers could not but respond to the sincere poems of Konstantin Mikhailovich.

Purpose: to tell about the writer, poet of the Soviet period, to develop the skills of expressive reading and analysis of the poem.

Visibility: slides with documentary photographs and the song "Silence"; slides for the lesson.

The dawn rose above the earth, the dawn rose.
The gray plague broke in, broke into our house.
Fascism mercilessly marched across the planet.
People froze from trouble, the children quieted down:
Iraida Mordovina

During the classes

1. Organizing moment

2. Teacher's word

Slideshow. (Attachment 1.)

Guys, you watched a short video. How would you define its theme? (Children and war)

That's right, today in the lesson we will talk about the Great Patriotic War, about children and adults in this war.

Record the topic of the lesson in a notebook. ( Annex 2. Slide1.)

War is the most tragic event in people's lives. It brings with it pain and loss, cruelty and destruction, the suffering of many people, and especially children.

Wars have always brought grief, death, destruction. And the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 was especially tragic for the Soviet people. And, it is no coincidence that it is called the Great, since it raised the entire Soviet people to fight the Nazis who treacherously attacked the USSR.

Each person during the war years tried his work at the front and in the rear to bring Victory closer. In this fight Active participation Children were treated equally with adults.

War correspondents also played an important role in the fight against the fascist invaders. They raised the fighting spirit of the fighters with their articles, essays, etc. and gave hope to those behind the front lines. One of these correspondents during the war years was Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov. ( Annex 2. Slide 2.)

Konstantin (Kirill) Simonov was born on November 15 (28), 1915 in Petrograd. He never saw his father: he went missing at the front in the First World War. The boy was raised by his stepfather, who taught tactics in military schools, and then became the commander of the Red Army. Konstantin's childhood passed in military camps and commander's dormitories. The family was not rich, so the boy had to go to the factory school (FZU) after finishing seven classes and work as a metal turner, first in Saratov, and then in Moscow, where the family moved in 1931. So he earned his seniority and continued to work for two more years after enrolling in Literary Institute them. A. M. Gorky.

In 1938 Konstantin Simonov graduated from the Literary Institute. By this time he had already prepared several great works- in 1936, the first poems of Simonov were published in the magazines "Young Guard" and "October".

In the same 1938, Simonov was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR, entered the graduate school of the IFLI (Institute of History, Philosophy, Literature), published the poem "Pavel Cherny".

During the Second World War, he worked as a war correspondent.

As a war correspondent, he visited all fronts, passed through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin. The theme of war, life and death has firmly entered the work of K. M. Simonov.

Dying, Konstantin Mikhailovich asked to perform it last will: stay with those who died in the first days of the war. The ashes of Simonov, at his request, were scattered over a field not far from Bobruisk.

3. Expressive reading by the teacher of the poem by K. Simonov "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage:"

4. Analysis of the work

Guys, you listened to the poem. What impression did it make on you? (Children share their impressions. The teacher does not comment on the words of the students.)

What is the theme of this work (what is it about)?

What moment of the war (offensive or retreat) is described in the poem?

Where was the boy taken from? ( Annex 2. Slide 3.)

(From Brest)

Writing in a notebook: Brest - the fortress that was the first to take the blow fascist army.

What picture is the narrator paying particular attention to?

("The gray-haired boy")

What does the expression mean: "... The gray-haired boy was sleeping on a gun carriage"?

(The expression "... The gray-haired boy slept on the gun carriage" means that the boy, who turned gray from grief, slept on the gun carriage, that is, on the machine tool of an artillery gun.) ( Annex 2. Slide 4)

Notebook entry: gun carriage - machine gun.

Why is the boy gray? ( Annex 2. Slide 5)

(The boy's mother died under fire, the boy turned gray with grief. The wounded father tied the boy to a shield so that he would not fall. Waking up, the boy waved his hand to the troops that were marching from the depths of Russia to the front.)

How old is the boy? Why, in your opinion, ": For ten years in the next and this world// These ten days will be credited to Him"?

(The boy is ten years old, but during the ten days of the war he experienced a huge grief that sometimes even an adult cannot endure: the death of his mother, shelling, evacuation from his native city, wounding of his father. The boy seemed to have been "in the other world", because already saw death and suffering. The ten days of the horror of war experienced by a child will be remembered by subsequent generations as a feat.)

How do you understand the words: "You say that there are others, // That I was there and it's time for me to go home ..."

(The author probably recalls a woman who persuades her beloved not to go on dangerous business trips, tells him that he has already seen real war that there are other correspondents who have not yet gone to the front, and it can be arranged so that they stay at home, so that they send not him, but others ...)

(The author of the poem refers to a person who was not at the front (to a woman), knows about the war only from the words of other people and cannot feel the tragedy of the war with all his heart. To the soldiers who retreated from western border, the feeling of compassion penetrated deep into the soul.)

- "Who once saw this boy, // He will not be able to come home until the end." What do these lines mean? How does the following quatrain reveal the author's thought?

(Until the war is over, until our entire land is liberated from the Nazis, the soldiers cannot feel calm, they cannot "come home ... to the end": they constantly remember that at this time someone is suffering there, where the fights are.

The author wants to say that he will participate in the fight against enemies until the Nazis are driven out of our land. He wants to see how the child will be returned to his homeland, how he will return to his city and "kiss a handful of his land.")

(Most residents Central Russia during the war they were evacuated to the Urals and Siberia.)

(The child of the beloved woman, to whom the poet addresses, is safe, in evacuation, while millions of other children suffer every day from the war approaching their homes. The author believes that he will remain alive, return to his beloved.

But if he doesn’t return, if his son grows up and his “date comes”, the time will come to “go on such days”, that is, to the front, the poet asks his beloved to remember him when she says goodbye to her son. With these words, he seems to say: we, men, are soldiers, and our duty is to protect our country from enemies.)

What did Simonov want to say with this poem? Why did he tell this story?

5. A moment of relaxation

Close your eyes, remember the whole poem. What image appears in your mind? Describe it.

Now reread the poem to yourself, follow the change of intonation inwardly: in the middle of the fourth stanza - narrative, the ellipsis indicates long pause; the tone of bitter reflections in the 5-6th stanzas and the strict pathos of the three final stanzas.

6. Final word teachers

Simonov's poem is a monologue of a male warrior. It consists of two parts - a description of the picture seen during the retreat and a direct appeal to the beloved woman. The poem makes a strong emotional impression. It was precisely such heartfelt verses that the Russian people needed during the difficult months of retreat: they ignited hearts and called to fight the enemy.

Homework

Prepare expressive reading memorize poems by K. M. Simonov "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ...".

Write an essay "Trace of the war in my family."

Konstantin (Kirill) Mikhailovich Simonov. Born November 28, 1915, Petrograd - died August 28, 1979, Moscow. Russian Soviet prose writer, poet, screenwriter, journalist and public figure. Hero Socialist Labor(1974). Laureate of Lenin (1974) and six Stalin Prizes (1942, 1943, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1950).

Konstantin Simonov was born on November 15 (28), 1915 in Petrograd in the family of Major General Mikhail Simonov and Princess Alexandra Obolenskaya.

Mother: Princess Obolenskaya Alexandra Leonidovna (1890, St. Petersburg - 1975).

Father: Mikhail Agafangelovich Simonov (husband of A. L. Obolenskaya since 1912). According to some sources, it has Armenian origin. Major General, participant of the First World War, Cavalier of various orders, educated in Orlovsky Bakhtinsky cadet corps. He entered the service on September 1, 1889. Graduate (1897) of the Imperial Nikolaev Military Academy. 1909 - Colonel of the Separate Corps border guard. In March 1915 - commander of the 12th Velikolutsky Infantry Regiment. Awarded with the St. George's weapon. Chief of Staff of the 43rd army corps(July 8, 1915 - October 19, 1917). The latest data about him date back to 1920-1922 and report on his emigration to Poland.

Stepfather: Alexander Grigoryevich Ivanishev (husband of A. L. Obolenskaya since 1919).

He never saw his father: he went missing at the front in the First world war(as the writer noted in official biography, according to his son A.K. Simonov - traces of his grandfather are lost in Poland in 1922).

In 1919, the mother and son moved to Ryazan, where she married a military specialist, a teacher of military affairs, former colonel Russian imperial army A. G. Ivanisheva. The boy was raised by his stepfather, who taught tactics in military schools, and then became the commander of the Red Army.

Konstantin's childhood passed in military camps and commander's dormitories. After finishing seven classes, he entered the factory school (FZU), worked as a metal turner, first in Saratov, and then in Moscow, where the family moved in 1931. So he, earning seniority, continued to work for another two years after he entered the Literary Institute named after A. M. Gorky.

In 1938, Konstantin Simonov graduated from the A. M. Gorky Literary Institute. By this time, he had already written several works - in 1936, Simonov's first poems were published in the magazines Young Guard and October.

In the same year, Simonov was admitted to the USSR Writers' Union, entered the IFLI graduate school, published the poem "Pavel Cherny".

In 1939 he was sent as a war correspondent to Khalkhin Gol, but did not return to graduate school.

Shortly before leaving for the front, he finally changes his name and instead of his native Kirill takes the pseudonym Konstantin Simonov. The reason is in the peculiarities of Simonov's diction and articulation: without pronouncing "p" and a hard "l", pronounce given name it was difficult for him. The pseudonym becomes a literary fact, and soon the poet Konstantin Simonov gains all-Union popularity. The poet's mother did not recognize the new name and until the end of her life she called her son Kiryusha.

In 1940, he wrote his first play, The Story of One Love, staged at the Theater. Lenin Komsomol; in 1941 - the second - "A guy from our city." During the year he studied at the courses of war correspondents at the All-Russian Military Academy named after V. I. Lenin, on June 15, 1941 he received military rank quartermaster of the second rank.

With the outbreak of war, he was drafted into the Red Army, as a correspondent from active army published in Izvestia, worked in the front-line newspaper Battle Banner.

In the summer of 1941, as a special correspondent for the Red Star, he was in besieged Odessa.

In 1942 he was awarded the rank of senior battalion commissar, in 1943 - the rank of lieutenant colonel, and after the war - colonel. During the war years, he wrote the plays "Russian People", "Wait for Me", "So It Will Be", the story "Days and Nights", two books of poems "With You and Without You" and "War".

Konstantin Simonov during the war

By order of the Armed Forces Western Front No.: 482 dated: 05/03/1942 Senior battalion commissar Simonov Kirill Mikhailovich was awarded the Order of the Red Banner.

Most of his military correspondence was published in the Red Star.

11/04/1944 Lieutenant Colonel Simonov Kirill Mikhailovich, special. Correspondent of the newspaper Krasnaya Zvezda, awarded the medal "For the Defense of the Caucasus".

As a war correspondent, he visited all fronts, passed through the lands of Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Poland and Germany, and witnessed the last battles for Berlin.

By order of the Supreme Court of the 4th Ukrainian front№: 132/n dated: 05/30/1945, Lieutenant Colonel Simonov, correspondent of the Krasnaya Zvezda newspaper, was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree, for writing a series of essays about soldiers of the 4th Ukrainian Front and the 1st Czechoslovak Corps, the presence of the commanders of the 101st and 126th Corps during the battles on the NP and the presence in the units of the 1st Czechoslovak Corps during the offensive battles.

By order of the GlavPU of the Red Army dated: 07/19/1945, Lieutenant Colonel Kirill Mikhailovich Simonov was awarded the medal "For the Defense of Moscow".

After the war, his collections of essays “Letters from Czechoslovakia”, “Slavic Friendship”, “Yugoslav Notebook”, “From Black to Barents Sea. Notes of a war correspondent.

During three years traveled on numerous business trips abroad (Japan, USA, China), worked as the editor-in-chief of the Novy Mir magazine.

In 1958-1960 he lived and worked in Tashkent as his own correspondent for Pravda in the republics Central Asia. As a special correspondent for Pravda, he covered the events on Damansky Island (1969).

footage from the film "Star of the era"

Last wife (1957) - Larisa Alekseevna Zhadova(1927-1981), daughter of the Hero of the Soviet Union, General A. S. Zhadov, widow of front-line comrade Simonov, poet S. P. Gudzenko. Zhadova graduated from the Faculty of Art History of Moscow State University named after M. V. Lomonosov, a well-known Soviet art critic, a specialist in the Russian avant-garde, the author of several monographs and numerous articles. Simonov adopted Larisa's daughter Ekaterina, then their daughter Alexandra was born.

Poems and poems by Konstantin Simonov:

"Glory";
"The Winner" (1937, a poem about Nikolai Ostrovsky);
"Pavel Cherny" (M., 1938, a poem glorifying the builders of the White Sea-Baltic Canal);
"Battle on the Ice" (poem). Moscow, Pravda, 1938;
Real people. M., 1938;
Road poems. - M., Soviet writer, 1939;
Poems of the thirty-ninth year. M., 1940;
Suvorov. Poem. M., 1940;
Winner. M., Military Publishing, 1941;
Son of an artilleryman. M., 1941;
Poems of the 41st year. M., Pravda, 1942;
Front lines. M., 1942;
War. Poems 1937-1943. M., Soviet writer, 1944;
Friends and Enemies. M., Goslitizdat, 1952;
Poems of 1954. M., 1955;
Ivan and Marya. Poem. M., 1958;
25 poems and one poem. M., 1968;
Vietnam, winter 70th. M., 1971;
If your house is dear to you ...;
"With you and without you" (collection of poems). M., Pravda, 1942;
"Days and Nights" (about the Battle of Stalingrad);
I know you ran in battle...;
"Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region...";
"The major brought the boy on a gun carriage..."

Novels and short stories by Konstantin Simonov:

Days and nights. Tale. M., Military Publishing, 1944;
Proud man. Tale. 1945;
Comrades in Arms (novel, 1952; new edition - 1971);
The Living and the Dead (novel, 1959);
"Soldiers are not born" (1963-1964, novel; 2nd part of the trilogy "The Living and the Dead");
"The Last Summer" (novel, 1971 3rd (final) part of the trilogy "The Living and the Dead");
"Smoke of the Fatherland" (1947, story);
"Southern Tales" (1956-1961);
"The so-called personal life (From the notes of Lopatin)" (1965, a cycle of stories);
Twenty days without war. M., 1973;
Sofia Leonidovna. M., 1985

Plays by Konstantin Simonov:

"The Story of One Love" (1940, premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater, 1940) (new edition - 1954);
“A guy from our city” (1941, play; premiere of the play - Lenin Komsomol Theater, 1941 (the play was staged in 1955 and 1977); in 1942 - the film of the same name);
"Russian People" (1942, published in the Pravda newspaper; at the end of 1942 the premiere of the play was successfully held in New York; in 1943 - the film "In the Name of the Motherland", directors - Vsevolod Pudovkin, Dmitry Vasiliev; in 1979 - the television play of the same name , directors - Maya Markova, Boris Ravenskikh);
Wait for me (play). 1943;
"So it will be" (1944, premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater);
"Under the chestnut trees of Prague" (1945. Premiere - Lenin Komsomol Theater;
"Alien Shadow" (1949);
"Good name" (1951) (new edition - 1954);
"The Fourth" (1961, premiere - Theater "Sovremennik", 1972 - film of the same name);
Friends remain friends. (1965, co-authored with V. Dykhovichny);
From the notes of Lopatin. (1974)

Scripts by Konstantin Simonov:

"Wait for me" (together with Alexander Stolper, 1943, director - Alexander Stolper);
"Days and Nights" (1944, director - Alexander Stolper);
The Second Caravan (1950, together with Zakhar Agranenko, directors - Amo Bek-Nazarov and Ruben Simonov);
"The Life of Andrey Shvetsov" (1952, together with Zakhar Agranenko);
"The Immortal Garrison" (1956, director - Eduard Tisse);
"Normandie - Neman" (co-authors - Charles Spaak, Elsa Triolet, 1960, directors Jean Dreville, Damir Vyatich-Berezhnykh);
"Levashov" (1963, teleplay, director - Leonid Pcholkin);
"The Living and the Dead" (together with Alexander Stolper, director - Alexander Stolper, 1964);
"Retribution" 1967, (together with Alexander Stolper, Feature Film, based on the second part of the novel "The Living and the Dead" - "Soldiers are not born");
“If your home is dear to you” (1967, script and text of a documentary film, director Vasily Ordynsky);
"Grenada, Grenada, My Grenada" (1968, documentary, director - Roman Karmen, film poem; Prize of the All-Union Film Festival);
"The Case with Polynin" (together with Alexei Sakharov, 1971, director - Alexei Sakharov);
"There is no other person's grief" (1973, a documentary about the Vietnam War);
A Soldier Was Walking (1975, documentary);
"Soldier's Memoirs" (1976, TV movie);
"Ordinary Arctic" (1976, Lenfilm, director - Alexei Simonov, opening speech from the author of the screenplay and an episodic role);
"Konstantin Simonov: I remain a military writer" (1975, documentary film);
"Twenty Days Without War" (according to the story (1972), director - Alexei German, 1976), text from the author;
"We will not see you" (1981, TV show, directors - Maya Markova, Valery Fokin);
"The Road to Berlin" (2015, feature film, Mosfilm - directed by Sergei Popov. Based on the novel "Two in the Steppe" by Emmanuil Kazakevich and war diaries by Konstantin Simonov).

Diaries, memoirs and essays of Konstantin Simonov:

Simonov K. M. different days war. Writer's diary. - M.: Fiction, 1982;
Simonov K. M. Different days of the war. Writer's diary. - M.: Fiction, 1982;
Through the eyes of a man of my generation. Reflections on I.V. Stalin” (1979, published in 1988);
Far to the east. Khalkhingol notes. M., 1969;
"Japan. 46" (travel diary);
"Letters from Czechoslovakia" (collection of essays);
"Slavic Friendship" (collection of essays);
"Yugoslav Notebook" (collection of essays), M., 1945;
From the Black to the Barents Sea. Notes of a War Correspondent” (collection of essays);
During these years. Publicism 1941-1950. M., 1951;
Norwegian diary. M., 1956;
In this difficult world. M., 1974

Translations by Konstantin Simonov:

Rudyard Kipling in Simonov's translations;
Nasimi, Lyrica. Translation by Naum Grebnev and Konstantin Simonov from Azeri and Farsi. Fiction, Moscow, 1973;
Kahkhar A., Tales of the past. Translation by Kamron Khakimov and Konstantin Simonov from Uzbek. Soviet writer, Moscow, 1970;
Azerbaijani folk songs“Hey look, look here!”, “Beauty”, “Well in Yerevan”. Soviet writer, Leningrad, 1978

The major brought the boy on a carriage.
Mother died. The son did not say goodbye to her.
For ten years in this and that world
These ten days will be credited to him.

He was taken from the fortress, from Brest.
The carriage was scratched by bullets.
It seemed to the father that the place was safer
From now on, there is no child in the world.

The father was wounded and the cannon was broken.
Tied to a shield so as not to fall,
Clutching a sleeping toy to your chest,
The gray-haired boy was sleeping on the gun carriage.

We went to meet him from Russia.
Waking up, he waved his hand to the troops ...
You say there are others
That I was there and it's time for me to go home ...

You know this grief by hearsay
And it broke our hearts.
Who has seen this boy?
He won't be able to come home.

I must see with the same eyes
With which I cried there, in the dust,
How will that boy come back with us
And kiss a handful of his land.

For everything that we cherished with you,
Called us to fight the military law.
Now my home is not where it used to be
And where he is taken from the boy.

Far away, in the mountains of the Urals,
Your boy is sleeping. Tested by fate
I believe we are at all costs
I'll see you eventually.

But if not, when is the date
Him like me to go on days like this
Following the father, by right, as a soldier,
Saying goodbye to him, you remember me.

Analysis of the poem "The Major brought the boy on a gun carriage" Simonov

K. Simonov became the most famous and popular Soviet author who devoted his work to the theme of war. His works, written under the influence of direct observations, convey the atmosphere of the harsh war years with maximum accuracy. The poems of the first months of the war are filled with particular pain. One of them is “Major brought a boy on a gun carriage…” (1941).

The plot is based on the story of a boy evacuated from the Brest Fortress, who was brought to the rear by his father. It is unknown if there was real prototype this child. Although it doesn't really matter, similar stories happened every day all along the front. Simonov's skill allowed him to portray the most typical situations that resonated in the soul of every soldier.

Per ordinary story hides the crippled childhood of millions of Soviet children. Brest Fortress was the first to be attacked by superior forces fascist troops. Her heroic defense continued until June 30th. Simonov does not specify the details of the boy's evacuation. It is enough that the first ten days of the war will cost him ten years "in this and that world." The child has lost its mother. The most scary picture poems - "a gray-haired boy" with a "sleeping toy", tied for reliability to a cannon carriage.

The second part of the poem describes the author's feelings at the sight of this boy. He is in the ranks of soldiers who are just sent to the front and are not yet familiar with all the horrors of war. An ominous prologue to future battles is the sight of a gray-haired child waving his hand to the soldiers. It is both a greeting and a farewell. The lyrical hero is amazed by what he saw. Before that, he had no idea what hatred and cruelty could lead to. From that day on, the image of the boy always stands before his eyes. He will not be able to calm down until he sees liberated that piece of land where the child lost his childhood forever. The author renounces own house, he believes that he will not earn the right to personal experiences until he returns the lost sense of home to the boy.

The poem "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ..." was very popular among the soldiers. They recognized in the main character real destinies children caught in the whirlpool of terrible war. This prompted people to just retribution, to the desire to completely cleanse native land from enemy troops.

Literature lesson 5th grade No. 57.

The date ____________________

Subject: POETS ABOUT THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR. A. T. Tvardovsky. "Tankman's Tale". K. M. Simonov. "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ...". Patriotic deeds during the Great Patriotic War.

Target: the study lyrical works dedicated to the Great Patriotic War.

Tasks: to acquaint with poems dedicated to the theme of military childhood; develop the skills of attentive, thoughtful reading, the ability to hear the author's voice in the work; develop an interest in history home country, patriotism, grateful memory to those who won the right to a peaceful life.

Basic concepts: poem, theme.

Equipment: textbook, notebook, audio recording, illustrations, portraits of writers.

Methodical methods: conversation, expressive reading, analysis of the poem, vocabulary work listening to an audio recording.

LESSON STRUCTURE

I . Organizing time.

Purpose of the stage:switching students from the state of carefree rest, change to work during the lesson.

II. Work on the topic of the lesson.

1. - What war is dedicated to M. Yu. Lermontov's poem "Borodino"? What was the name of the war of 1812 in history?

1. 2. Target setting.

Purpose of the stage:introduction to the topic, objectives of the lesson

- This year we will get acquainted with the poems of two outstanding poets: Konstantin Mikhailovich Simonov and Alexander Trifonovich Tvardovsky.

3. A. T. Tvardovsky. The poem "Tankman's Tale". Purpose of the stage: analysis of the poem.

B. Conversation.

- retreat or advance Soviet troops dedicated poem?
(The poem depicts an episode of the offensive of the Soviet troops: “We broke through to the square forward”).

- About what event in question in a poem?
(The boy did a heroic deed, helped the tankers to destroy the enemy cannon).

Why didn't the narrator ask the boy what his name was? Why can't he forgive himself?
(The narrator cannot forgive himself for not asking the boy's name, because he wants to know the name of the one who helped save the lives of him and his comrades. The narrator, not knowing the boy's name, showed ingratitude).

AT. Vocabulary work.

We work with the vocabulary of the poem according to the 1st task of the textbook(p. 159) .
- Everything now, as if awake ... - after a long time it seems that this heavy battle was a dream.
- Poor, one of those that are the leaders of children ... - mischievous, all the time comes up with new, inventive. Such children are usually leaders in boyish companies.
- And he nails - do not look out of the towers ... - he, a German (i.e., a German cannon), shoots continuously, so that it is impossible for Soviet tankmen to raise their heads, it is impossible to look out of a tank turret.
- ...behind what little house he perched... - where is the shelter from which the German cannon hits.
- We go to the rear and give full throttle.
And this gun, along with the calculation,
We sank into loose, greasy black earth. - The tankers went to the rear of the German cannon and crushed it at full speed.

D. Continuation of the conversation.

There are many in the poem colloquial words and expressions. Why?

- What do you think, in what situation could a fighter tell about a brave boy and to whom?

(The painting by Y. Neprintsev “Rest after the battle” depicts a detachment of fighters at a halt. They eat, laugh, listen to one fighter in a hat on one side, with a red pouch in his hand, who tells some funny story. Perhaps, at one of these halts, the tanker from Tvardovsky's poem told his story about a terrible battle and a brave boy).

- Remember the definition of a ballad. Try to prove that "Tankman's Tale" is a ballad.

E. Working with an illustration (p. 157).

- Read an excerpt from A. T. Tvardovsky's story "In the Spring of 1942"(2nd task of the textbook, p. 158) :

“I don't think I've ever been so excited about something like this in my life. The sunset stood over the road, a wide, wrapped, winter, steppe road at the exit from the village.
On the extraordinary, crimson edge of the sky, thick blue and black smokes of the village rose. And everything was so inexpressibly speaking and significant - the steppe, Russia, the war - that the heart was compressed and it was as if there was nothing to breathe.
In the story “In the Spring of 1942”, the war appears as a great grief - not only human, but also the grief of the entire Russian land.
- Compare the description of the sunset with your impression of the painting by Y. Neprintsev "Here the soldiers are coming ...".

4. The word of the teacher. The feat of the fighters of the fortress-hero of Brest.

Purpose of the stage: a brief introduction to the history of the Brest Fortress.

The fortress within the city of Brest in Belarus was built in 1833-1838. for the defense of the western borders of Russia. At the beginning of the XX century. it has been upgraded. It was on this fortress, which was defended by a small garrison, that on June 22, 1941, the first blow of the Nazi troops hit. For almost a month, being surrounded, the garrison of the fortress under the command of P. M. Gavrilov, I. N. Zubachev, E. M. Fomin held the line. The fighters did not have enough ammunition, food, water, but not one of them raised his hands and did not surrender to the enemy.
In 1965, the Brest Fortress was awarded the title of "Hero-Fortress Brest".

5. K. M. Simonov. "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ...".

Purpose of the stage: analysis of the poem.

A. Listening to an audio recording of a poem.

B. Conversation.

- What does the expression mean: "... The gray-haired boy was sleeping on a gun carriage"?
(The expression "... The gray-haired boy slept on the gun carriage" means that the boy, who turned gray from grief, slept on the gun carriage, that is, on the machine tool of an artillery gun).

What picture struck the narrator?
(The narrator was struck by the picture that he saw during the retreat of the troops from Brest. The Brest fortress was the first to take the blow of the fascist army. The boy’s mother died under fire, the boy turned gray with grief. The wounded father tied the boy to a shield so that he would not fall. Waking up, the boy waved his hand to the troops that were marching from the depths of Russia to the front.
It is difficult for children to understand the words: “You say that there are others, // That I was there and it’s time for me to go home ...” The author probably recalls a woman who persuades her beloved not to go on dangerous business trips (recall: Simonov was a war correspondent), tells him that he has already seen a real war, that there are other correspondents who have not yet gone to the front, and it can be arranged so that they stay at home, so that they send not him, but others ...)

- To whom does the author address with the words: “You know this grief by hearsay, // But it broke our hearts”?
(The author of the poem refers to a person who was not at the front (to a woman), knows about the war only from the words of other people and cannot feel the tragedy of the war with all his heart. For front-line soldiers who retreated from the western border, a feeling of compassion penetrated deep into the soul).

- “Whoever saw this boy once, // He won’t be able to come home until the end.” What do these lines mean? How does the following quatrain reveal the author's thought?
(Until the war is over, until our entire land is liberated from the fascists, the soldiers cannot feel calm, they cannot “come home ... to the end”: they constantly remember that at this time someone is suffering there, where the fights are.
The author wants to say that he will participate in the fight against enemies until the Nazis are driven out of our land. He wants to see how the child will be returned to his homeland, how he will return to his city and "kiss a handful of his land").

- About what, whose boy is the author talking about in the last two stanzas?
(The child of the beloved woman, to whom the poet addresses, is safe, in evacuation, while millions of other children suffer every day from the war approaching their homes. The author believes that he will remain alive, will return to his beloved: “Tested by fate, // I believe we're no matter what // I'll see you eventually."
But if he doesn’t return, if the son grows up and “the date comes” for him, the time will come “to go on such days”, that is, to the front, the poet asks his beloved to remember him when she says goodbye to her son. With these words, he seems to say: we, men, are soldiers, and our duty is to protect our country from enemies. Save, women, the memory of us, men, leaving for battle).

III . Summary of the lesson.

Purpose of the stage: generalization of information.

Teacher's word.

- Simonov's poem is a deeply personal monologue of a warrior man imbued with passionate conviction. It consists of two parts - a description of the picture seen during the retreat and a direct appeal to the beloved woman. The poem makes a powerful integral impression. It was precisely such penetrating verses, not alienated appeals, but lines in which the presence of the author's personality is vividly felt - it was precisely such verses that the Russian people needed in the difficult months of retreat: they ignited hearts and called to fight the enemy.

In Tvardovsky's poem "Tankman's Tale", the war is shown as hard, terrible work, where courage, ingenuity and perseverance are needed. Support these words with lines from the text of the poem.

"It was a tough fight..."

“There was a fight outside. The fire of the enemy was terrible ... "

“Here, guess what house
He perched - there are so many holes.

“I wiped off the sweat. Suffocated fumes and soot:
There was a big fire going from house to house.

After the war, Memory Books were created. For what?

(Don't forget the names of the characters)

The war has passed, the suffering has passed,

But pain calls out to people:

Come on people never

Let's not forget about this.

May her memory be true

Keep about this flour

And the children of today's children,

And our grandchildren grandchildren.

The song "Victory Day" sounds.

IV. Homework.

Purpose of the stage: communication and explanation of the content of homework.

Prepare an expressive recitation by heart of one of the poems (K. M. Simonov “The Major brought the boy on a gun carriage ...” or A. T. Tvardovsky “Tankman’s Story”.

Literature

Portal for the student. Self-training

Analysis of Simonov's poem "The major brought the boy on a gun carriage ..."

Analysis of the poem "The Major brought the boy on a gun carriage" Simonov

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