How many Russians fought on the side of the USSR. Security corps of the army rear areas of the Wehrmacht

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Here they are:

Volunteer Regiment of the SS "Varyag".
1st Russian National SS Brigade "Druzhina".
15th Cossack cavalry corps SS.
29th grenadier division SS "RONA" (1st Russian).
30th SS Grenadier Division (2nd Russian).
36th SS Grenadier Division Dirlewanger.

CORPS OF THE SS TROOPS OF THE MAIN OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF THE SS FHA-SS

15th Cossack Russian Corps of the SS FHA-SS - 3 divisions, 16 regiments.
SS FHA-SS (TROOPS-SS)
29th Russian FHA-SS - 6 regiments.
30th Russian FHA-SS, 1st formation, 1944, - 5 regiments.

BRIGADS OF THE MAIN DEPARTMENT OF THE IMPERIAL SECURITY OF THE SS RSHA-SS

1st Russian National SS Brigade "Druzhina" - 3 regiments, 12 battalions.
1st Guards brigade ROA "Sonderkommando Љ113" SD - 1 battalion, 2 companies.
SS Brigade "Center for Anti-Bolshevik Struggle" (TsPBB) - 3 battalions.
Reconnaissance and sabotage formation Main Team"Russia - Center" of the Zeppelin Sonderstaff of the RSHA-SS - 4 special forces detachments.

As you can see, there are also Russian SS divisions and regiments and corps and brigades, and even reconnaissance and sabotage formations. So why do the modern Russian "herodotes", when they stigmatize Estonians, Latvians or Ukrainians on the next May 9, do not remember the Russian units of the SS?
Everything is very simple. Such an example does not fit in with the image of a Russian soldier-liberator (as if only Russians served in the Red Army and there were no Ukrainians, no Belarusians, no Georgians, no Armenians, no same Latvians or Estonians), the only one who did not stain himself with connection with German fascism.
And, you can argue and prove for as long as you like - whether they participated or did not participate in punitive operations against the civilian population, whether they were up to the size of a full-blooded division or not, whether they fought at all or were just on paper, but the fact remains that there were Russian SS divisions and they fought on the side of the Third Reich.
But, in addition to the actual Russian units of the SS, with weapons in their hands, who fought on the side of Hitler, there were other military units and divisions in the service of the Wehrmacht, which consisted of Russians. About which, according to the already established "good" tradition, the new Russian historians and patriots themselves "forget" to tell. In the meantime, as they say, there is something to see. For example:

MAIN COLLABORATION FORMATIONS. ARMED FORCES OF THE "UNION STATE"

Armed forces of the Congress for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (KONR) (1 army, 4 corps, 8 divisions, 8 brigades).
Russian Liberation Army Congress for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (3 divisions, 2 brigades).

"ARMY" WEhrmacht

Russian Liberation Army of the Wehrmacht - 12 security corps, 13 divisions, 30 brigades.
Russian Liberation People's Army- 5 regiments, 18 battalions.
Russian National People's Army - 3 regiments, 12 battalions.
Russian National Army - 2 regiments, 12 battalions.

AVIATION HULL

KONR Air Force (KONR Aviation Corps) - 87 aircraft, 1 air group, 1 regiment.

SECURITY CORPORATIONS OF THE ARMY REAR AREAS OF THE WEhrmacht

582nd security (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 11 battalions.
583rd security (Estonian-Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 10 battalions.
584th security (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 6 battalions.
590th security Cossack (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 1 regiment, 4 battalions.
580th security Cossack (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 1 regiment, 9 battalions.
532nd security (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 13 battalions.
559th security (Russian) corps of the Wehrmacht - 7 battalions.

EASTERN LEGIONS OF THE WEHRMACHT

Russian legion "White Cross" of the Wehrmacht - 4 battalions.

ABWERA DIVISIONS

"Special Division" Russia "" General Smyslovsky - 1 regiment, 12 battalions.

ABWERA BRIGADS

Brigade "Graukopf" - "RNNA" General Ivanov - 1 regiment, 5 battalions.

SPECIAL PURPOSE DIVISIONS

442nd Special Purpose - 2 regiments of the ROA.
136th Special Purpose - 2 regiments of the ROA.
210th Special Purpose Stationary Infantry ( coastal defense) - 1 regiment, 2 separate battalions ROA.

"NATIVE" SECURITY CORPORATIONS AND SELF-DEFENSE

Russian security corps of the Wehrmacht in Serbia - 1 brigade, 5 regiments.
Russian "People's Guard" of the General Commissariat "Moscow" (Rear Area of the Army Group "Center") - 13 battalions, 1 cavalry division.

(RUSSIAN-CROATIAN)

15th Mountain Rifle Corps special purpose 2nd tank army:
Russians - 1 security corps, 5 regiments, Croatian - 2 divisions, 6 regiments.
69th Special Purpose Corps of the 2nd Tank Army: Russian - 1 division, 8 regiments, Croatian - 1 division, 3 regiments.

Thus, most, how in foreign parts and divisions of the SS were Russians, and actually in parts of the Wehrmacht, most of the collaborators were all the same Russians. But how many, at least approximately, Russians fought on the side of Hitler and the Third Reich? Is it possible, in principle, to calculate their total number at all? I guess, yes.

According to various estimates, various researchers, the total number of Russians who fought on the side of the Third Reich ranges from zero (actually, the calculations of the current ardent Russian patriots who manage to record all Russian units and divisions of the SS in Ukrainians, Belarusians and Latvians with Georgians) and up to two million. But, most likely, the truth, as always, is somewhere in the middle, between these two figures.

Moreover, the Germans themselves, as of 1943, determine the total number of Russians who fought on the side of the Third Reich at 800 thousand people.

So, for example, Vlasov's army itself was not very large. His two divisions, which had already been formed, represented no more than 40 thousand fighters. Plus there was another poorly armed and not yet fully formed third division. This is about 10-12 thousand soldiers.

He also joined Vlasov Cossack Corps General Helmut von Panewitz, who entered composition of the ROA. These are 45 thousand Cossacks who fought in Yugoslavia. It included the Russian corps, formed from emigrants, who fought in Serbia: it is about six thousand people. In total, about 120 thousand people. This is what is actually called ROA.

Thus, the ROA alone gave about 120 thousand Russians who fought on the side of Hitler.

Adding to these 120 thousand, all the other well-known Russian SS divisions, security regiments and units, formations and detachments, we will just reach the figure of 1 million Russians !!! soldier on the side of the Third Reich. In general, if we take into account that soldiers died in battles and reinforcements were constantly sent to military units, then to these 800 thousand - a million, we can safely add another 200-300 thousand Russians.

It is very remarkable about the actual number of Russians who fought on the side of Hitler, says the fact that when in 1943, Hitler demanded that all Russians be removed from the Eastern Front and transferred to the Western, the generals clutched their heads: it was impossible, because every fifth on Eastern Front was then Russian.

So it turns out that those who today so intensely reproach their neighbors for collaborating with the fascist regime were themselves the most massive and loyal supporters of the Third Reich and Hitler during the Second World War. Perhaps this is precisely what explains the incomprehensible craving in modern Russia for neo-Nazi symbols and ideology.

So maybe it’s enough already to reproach others for a speck in the eye, when a log sticks out of each of their own eyes?

Although this is not even from the region science fiction. Because then you will have to recognize the past as it really was, and this is not personal and not heroic and not as idealistic as it has been portrayed for more than 70 years. And as one Soviet comrade from the top said: "Who needs your truth if it interferes with life."

This is how the current and next generation of Russians will most likely live, basing their knowledge of history primarily on myths, silence, and in some places even outright lies.

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Igor Kurtukov "How many Russians fought on the side of Hitler"

According to some, during the Great Patriotic War, a million Soviet citizens went to fight under the tricolor flag. Sometimes they even talk about two million Russians who fought against the Bolshevik regime, but here they probably also count 700,000 emigrants. These figures are cited for a reason - they are an argument for the assertion that the Great Patriotic War is the essence of the Second Civil War of the Russian people against the hated Stalin. What can be said here?

If it really happened that a million Russians stood up under the tricolor banners and fought to the death against the Red Army for a free Russia, shoulder to shoulder with their German allies, then we would have no choice but to admit that, yes, the Great Patriotic War really became the Second Civil War for the Russian people. But was it so?

To understand this or not, you should answer a few questions: how many were there? who were they? how did they get into service? how and with whom did they fight? and what motivated them?

The cooperation of Soviet citizens with the occupiers took place in different forms, both in terms of the degree of voluntariness and the degree of involvement in the armed struggle - from the Baltic SS volunteers who fought fiercely near Narva to the Ostarbeiters forcibly driven to Germany. I believe that even the most stubborn anti-Stalinists will not be able to enroll the latter in the ranks of the fighters against the Bolshevik regime without prevarication. Usually, these ranks include those who received rations from the German military or police department, or who held weapons received from the hands of the Germans or pro-German local government.

That is, to the maximum, potential fighters with the Bolsheviks fall into:

foreign military units of the Wehrmacht and the SS;

eastern security battalions;

building parts of the Wehrmacht;

auxiliary personnel of the Wehrmacht, they are also "our Ivans" or Hiwi (Hilfswilliger: "voluntary helpers");

auxiliary police units ("noise" - Schutzmannshaften);

border guard;

"air defense assistants" mobilized to Germany through youth organizations;

HOW MANY WAS THEM?

We will probably never know the exact numbers, since no one really considered them, but some estimates are available to us. A lower estimate can be obtained from the archives of the former NKVD - until March 1946, 283,000 "Vlasov" and other uniformed collaborators were transferred to the authorities. The estimate from above can probably be taken from the works of Drobyazko, which serve as the main source of figures for the proponents of the "Second Civil" version. According to his calculations (the method of which he unfortunately does not disclose), the following passed through the Wehrmacht, the SS and various pro-German paramilitaries and police forces during the war years:

250,000 Ukrainians

70,000 Belarusians

70,000 Cossacks

150,000 Latvians

90,000 Estonians

50,000 Lithuanians

70,000 Central Asians

12,000 Volga Tatars

10,000 Crimean Tatars

7,000 Kalmyks

40,000 Azerbaijanis

25,000 Georgians

20,000 Armenians

30,000 North Caucasian peoples

Since the total number of all former Soviet citizens who wore German and pro- German uniform, he is estimated at 1.2 million, then the Russians (excluding the Cossacks) are left with about 310,000 people. There are, of course, other calculations that give a smaller total number, but let's not waste time on trifles, let's take Drobyazko's estimate from above as the basis for further reasoning.

WHO WERE THEY?

Hiwi and soldiers of the construction battalions can hardly be considered civil war fighters. Of course, their work freed up for the front German soldiers, but exactly the same applies to the "ostarbeiters". Sometimes the hiwi were given weapons and fought alongside the Germans, but such incidents are described in the combat logs of the units more as a curiosity than as mass phenomenon. It is interesting to calculate how many were those who actually held weapons in their hands.

The number of hiwis at the end of the war by Drobyazko gives about 675,000, if you add construction parts and take into account the loss during the war, then I think we will not be much mistaken in assuming that this category covers about 700-750,000 people from total 1.2 million. This is consistent with the share of non-combat among Caucasian peoples, in the calculation presented by the headquarters of the eastern troops at the end of the war. According to him, out of a total of 102,000 Caucasians who passed through the Wehrmacht and the SS, 55,000 served in the legions, Luftwaffe and SS and 47,000 in hiwi and construction units. It should be noted that the proportion of Caucasians enlisted in combat units was higher than the proportion of Slavs.

So, out of 1.2 million who wore German uniforms, only 450-500 thousand did so while holding weapons. Let's now try to calculate the layout of the really combat units of the Eastern peoples.

Asian battalions (Caucasians, Turks and Tatars) were formed 75 pieces (80,000 people). Taking into account 10 Crimean police battalions (8,700), Kalmyks and special units, approximately 110,000 "combat" Asians leave total amount 215,000. It quite beats with the layout separately for Caucasians.

The Baltic States endowed the Germans with 93 police battalions (later partly reduced to regiments), total strength 33,000 people. In addition, 12 border regiments (30,000) were formed, partly staffed by police battalions, then three SS divisions (15, 19 and 20) and two volunteer regiments were created, through which about 70,000 people probably passed. Police and border regiments and battalions were partly directed to their formation. Taking into account the absorption of some parts by others, about 100,000 Balts passed through the combat units.

In Belarus, 20 police battalions (5,000) were formed, of which 9 were considered Ukrainian. After the introduction of mobilization in March 1944, police battalions became part of the army of the Belarusian Central Rada. In total, the Belarusian Regional Defense (BKA) had 34 battalions, 20,000 people. Having retreated in 1944 together with the German troops, these battalions were consolidated into the Siegling SS Brigade. Then, on the basis of the brigade, with the addition of Ukrainian "policemen", the remnants of the Kaminsky brigade and even the Cossacks, the 30th SS division was deployed, which was subsequently used to staff the 1st Vlasov division.

Galicia was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was seen as potentially German territory. It was separated from Ukraine, included in the Reich, as part of the General Government of Warsaw and put in line for Germanization. On the territory of Galicia, 10 police battalions (5,000) were formed, and subsequently the recruitment of volunteers for the SS troops was announced. It is believed that 70,000 volunteers turned up at the recruiting sites, but that many were not needed. As a result, one SS division (14th) and five police regiments were formed. Police regiments were disbanded as needed and sent to replenish the division. The total contribution of Galicia to the victory over Stalinism can be estimated at 30,000 people.

In the rest of Ukraine, 53 police battalions (25,000) were formed. It is known that a small part of them became part of the 30th SS division, the fate of the rest is unknown to me. After the formation in March 1945 of the Ukrainian analogue of KONR - Ukrainian National Committee- the Galician 14th SS division was renamed the 1st Ukrainian and the formation of the 2nd began. It was formed from volunteers of Ukrainian nationality recruited from various auxiliary formations, they recruited about 2,000 people.

Of the Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians, about 90 security "Ostbattalions" were formed, through which approximately 80,000 people passed, including the "Russian National People's Army" reorganized into five security battalions. Of the other Russian combat formations, one can recall the 3,000th Russian 1st national SS brigade Gil (Rodionov), who went over to the side of the partisans, about 6,000th "Russian National Army» Smyslovsky and Kaminsky’s army (“Russian Liberation People’s Army”), which arose as a self-defense force of the so-called. Lokot Republic. Maximum estimates of the number of people who passed through Kaminsky's army reach 20,000. After 1943, Kaminsky's troops retreat along with by the German army and in 1944 an attempt was made to reorganize them into the 29th SS division. For a number of reasons, the reorganization was canceled, and the personnel were transferred to the understaffing of the 30th SS division. At the beginning of 1945, the armed forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (the Vlasov army) were created. The first division of the army is formed from the "ost battalions" and the remnants of the 30th SS division. The second division is formed from the "Ostbattalions", and partly from volunteer prisoners of war. The number of Vlasovites before the end of the war is estimated at 40,000 people, of which about 30,000 were former SS and Ostbattalions. In total, the Wehrmacht and the SS fought with weapons in their hands in different time about 120,000 Russians.

The Cossacks, according to Drobyazko's calculations, put up 70,000 people, let's accept this figure.

HOW DID THEY GET INTO THE SERVICE?

Initially, the eastern units were staffed by volunteers from among prisoners of war and local population. Since the summer of 1942, the principle of recruiting the local population has changed from voluntary to voluntary-compulsory - an alternative to voluntary entry into the police is forced deportation to Germany, "ostarbeiter". By the autumn of 1942, the undisguised coercion begins. Drobyazko, in his dissertation, talks about raids on peasants in the Shepetovka region: those caught were offered a choice between joining the police or being sent to a camp. Since 1943, mandatory military service in various "self-defenses" of the Reichskommissariat "Ostland". In the Baltic States, through mobilization, since 1943, SS units and border guards were recruited.

HOW AND WITH WHOM DID THEY FIGHT?

Initially, the Slavic eastern parts were created to carry out security services. In this capacity, they were supposed to replace the security battalions of the Wehrmacht, which, like a vacuum cleaner, were sucked out of the rear zone by the needs of the front. At first, the soldiers of the Ostbattalions guarded the warehouses and railways, but as the situation became more complicated, they began to be involved in anti-partisan operations. The involvement of the Ostbattalions in the fight against the partisans contributed to their disintegration. If in 1942 the number of “Ostbattalion” soldiers who went over to the side of the partisans was relatively small (although this year the Germans were forced to disband the RNNA due to massive defections), then in 1943 14 thousand fled to the partisans (and this is very, very a lot, with an average number eastern parts in 1943 about 65,000 people). The Germans had no strength to observe the further decomposition of the Ostbattalions, and in October 1943 the remaining eastern units were sent to France and Denmark (while disarming 5-6 thousand volunteers as unreliable). There they were included as 3rd or 4th battalions in the regiments of the German divisions.

Slavic eastern battalions, behind rare exception, were not used in battles on the eastern front. In contrast, a significant number of Asian Ostbattalions were involved in the first line of the advancing German troops during the battle for the Caucasus. The results of the battles were contradictory - some showed themselves well, others - on the contrary, turned out to be infected with deserter moods and gave a large percentage of defectors. By the beginning of 1944, most of the Asian battalions also ended up on the Western Wall. Those who remained in the East were brought together in the East Turkic and Caucasian SS formations and were involved in the suppression of the Warsaw and Slovak uprisings.

In total, by the time of the Allied invasion in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, 72 Slavic, Asian and Cossack battalions with a total strength of about 70 thousand were assembled. In general, and in general, the Ostbattalions in battles with the allies showed themselves poorly (with some exceptions). Of the nearly 8.5 thousand irretrievable losses, 8 thousand were missing, that is, mostly deserters and defectors. After that, the remaining battalions were disarmed and involved in fortification work on the Siegfried Line. Subsequently, they were used to form parts of the Vlasov army.

In 1943, Cossack units were also withdrawn from the east. The most combat-ready unit of the German Cossack troops- formed in the summer of 1943 1st Cossack division von Panwitz went to Yugoslavia to deal with Tito's partisans. There, they gradually gathered all the Cossacks, deploying the division into a corps. The division took part in the battles on the Eastern Front in 1945, fighting mainly against the Bulgarians.

the Baltics gave the largest number troops to the front - in addition to the three SS divisions, separate police regiments and battalions took part in the battles. The 20th Estonian SS division was defeated near Narva, but subsequently restored and managed to take part in last fights war. The Latvian 15th and 19th SS divisions in the summer of 1944 came under attack by the Red Army and could not withstand the blow. Large scale desertion and loss of combat capability are reported. As a result, the 15th division, having transferred its most reliable composition to the 19th, was assigned to the rear for use in the construction of fortifications. The second time it was used in combat in January 1945, in East Prussia, after which it was again taken to the rear. She managed to surrender to the Americans. The 19th remained until the end of the war in Courland.

Belarusian policemen and those freshly mobilized in the BKA in 1944 were assembled in the 30th SS division. After the formation, the division in September 1944 was transferred to France, where it took part in battles with the allies. Suffered heavy losses, mainly from desertion. Belarusians ran across to the allies in batches and continued the war in Polish units. In December, the division was disbanded, and the remaining personnel were transferred to staff the 1st Vlasov division.

The Galician 14th SS division, barely smelling gunpowder, was surrounded near Brody and almost completely destroyed. Although she was quickly restored, she no longer took part in the battles at the front. One of her regiments was involved in the suppression Slovak uprising, after which she went to Yugoslavia to fight Tito's pratizans. Since it was not far from Yugoslavia to Austria, the division managed to surrender to the British.

The armed forces of the KONR were formed in early 1945. Although the 1st division of the Vlasovites was equipped almost entirely with punitive veterans, many of whom had already been at the front, Vlasov soared Hitler's brains by demanding more time to prepare. In the end, the division still managed to get to the Oder front, where it took part in one attack against the Soviet troops on April 13. The very next day, the division commander, Major General Bunyachenko, ignoring the protests of his German immediate supervisor led the division from the front and went to connect with the rest of the Vlasov army in the Czech Republic. The Vlasov army carried out the second battle already against its ally, attacking on May 5 German troops in Prague.

WHAT MOVED THEM?

The driving motives were completely different.

Firstly, among the eastern troops, one can single out national separatists who fought to create their own nation state or by at least privileged province of the Reich. This includes the Balts, Asian legionnaires and Galicians. The creation of parts of this kind has a long tradition - to recall at least Czechoslovak Corps or the Polish Legion in World War I. These would fight against central government, whoever is sitting in Moscow - the tsar, the secretary general or the popularly elected president.

Secondly, there were ideological and stubborn opponents of the regime. This includes the Cossacks (although partly their motives were national separatist), part personnel Ostbattalions, a significant part officer corps KONR troops.

Thirdly, we can name the opportunists who bet on the winner, those who joined the Reich during the victories of the Wehrmacht, but fled to the partisans after the defeat at Kursk and continued to flee at the first opportunity. These probably made up a significant part of the Ostbattalions and the local police. There were also those from the other side of the front, as can be seen from the change in the number of defectors to the Germans in 1942-44:

1942	79,769
1943	26,108
1944	9,207

Fourthly, these were people who hoped to break out of the camp and, at a convenient opportunity, go to their own. It is difficult to say how many of these there were, but sometimes they were recruited for a whole battalion.

AND WHAT IS THE RESULT?

And the result is a picture completely different from what is drawn by ardent anti-communists. Instead of one (or even two) million Russians who rallied under the tricolor flag in the fight against the hateful Stalinist regime, there is a very motley (and obviously not reaching a million) company of Balts, Asians, Galicians and Slavs who fought each for their own. And mostly not with the Stalinist regime, but with partisans (and not only Russians, but also with Yugoslav, Slovak, French, Polish), Western allies, and even with the Germans in general. Doesn't look much like civil war, is not it? Well, except to call these words the struggle of partisans with policemen, but the policemen fought by no means under the tricolor flag, but with a swastika on their sleeves.

For the sake of justice, it should be noted that until the end of 1944, until the formation of the KONR and its armed forces, the Germans did not provide an opportunity for Russian anti-communists to fight for national idea, for Russia without communists. It can be assumed that if they had allowed it earlier, “under the tricolor flag” would have rallied more people, especially since there are still plenty of opponents of the Bolsheviks in the country. But this is “would” and besides, my grandmother also said for two. And in real history no “millions under the tricolor flag” were observed.

According to some, during the Great Patriotic War, a million Soviet citizens went to fight under the tricolor flag.

Sometimes they even talk about two million Russians who fought against the Bolshevik regime, but here they probably also count 700,000 emigrants.

These figures are not given just like that - they are an argument for the assertion that the Great Patriotic War is the essence of the Second Civil War of the Russian people against the hated Stalin.

What can be said here?

If a it really happened that a million Russians stood up under the tricolor banners and fought to the death against the Red Army for a free Russia, shoulder to shoulder with their German allies, then we would have no choice but to admit that yes, the Great The Patriotic War really became the Second Civil War for the Russian people.

But was it so?

To figure it out, one way or another, you should answer a few questions: how many were there, who were they, how did they get into the service, how and with whom did they fight, and what motivated them?

I believe that even the most stubborn anti-Stalinists will not be able to enroll the latter in the ranks of the fighters against the Bolshevik regime without prevarication. Usually, these ranks include those who received rations from the German military or police department, or who held weapons received from the hands of the Germans or pro-German local government.

That is, to the maximum, potential fighters with the Bolsheviks fall into:
- foreign military units of the Wehrmacht and the SS;
- eastern security battalions;
- construction parts of the Wehrmacht;
- support staff of the Wehrmacht, they are also "our Ivans" or Hiwi (Hilfswilliger: "voluntary helpers");
- auxiliary police units ("noise" - Schutzmannshaften);
- border guard;
- "air defense assistants" mobilized to Germany through youth organizations;

HOW MANY WAS THEM?

The estimate from above can probably be taken from the works of Drobyazko, which serve as the main source of figures for the proponents of the "Second Civil" version. According to his calculations (whose method, unfortunately, he does not disclose), the following passed through the Wehrmacht, the SS and various pro-German paramilitaries and police forces during the war years:

250,000 Ukrainians
70,000 Belarusians
70,000 Cossacks
150,000 Latvians
90,000 Estonians
50,000 Lithuanians
70,000 Central Asians
12,000 Volga Tatars
10,000 Crimean Tatars
7,000 Kalmyks
40,000 Azerbaijanis
25,000 Georgians
20,000 Armenians
30,000 North Caucasian peoples

Since the total number of all former Soviet citizens wearing German and pro-German uniforms is estimated at 1.2 million, the Russians (excluding Cossacks) are left with about 310,000 people. There are, of course, other calculations that give a smaller total number, but let's not waste time on trifles, let's take Drobyazko's estimate from above as the basis for further reasoning.

According to some, during the Great Patriotic War, a million Soviet citizens went to fight under the tricolor flag. Sometimes they even talk about two million Russians who fought against the Bolshevik regime, but here they probably also count 700,000 emigrants. These figures are given for a reason - they are an argument for the assertion that the Great Patriotic War is the essence of the Second Civil War of the Russian people. However, let's take a closer look at the number of Soviet citizens who fought on the side of Germany and their motives.

According to some, during the Great Patriotic War, a million Soviet citizens went to fight under the tricolor flag. Sometimes they even talk about two million Russians who fought against the Bolshevik regime, but here they probably also count 700,000 emigrants. These figures are given for a reason - they are an argument for the assertion that the Great Patriotic War is the essence of the Second Civil War of the Russian people against the hated Stalin. What can be said here?

If it really happened that a million Russians stood up under the tricolor banners and fought to the death against the Red Army for a free Russia, shoulder to shoulder with their German allies, then we would have no choice but to admit that yes, The Great Patriotic War really became the Second Civil War for the Russian people. But was it so?

To understand this or not, you should answer a few questions: how many were there? who were they? how did they get into service? how and with whom did they fight? and what motivated them?

WHO TO COUNT?

The cooperation of Soviet citizens with the occupiers took place in various forms, both in terms of the degree of voluntariness and the degree of involvement in the armed struggle - from the Baltic SS volunteers who fought fiercely near Narva to the "Ostarbeiters" forcibly driven to Germany. I believe that even the most stubborn anti-Stalinists will not be able to enroll the latter in the ranks of the fighters against the Bolshevik regime without trembling. Usually, these ranks include those who received rations from the German military or police department, or who held weapons received from the hands of the Germans or pro-German local government.

That is, to the maximum, potential fighters with the Bolsheviks fall into:

Foreign military units of the Wehrmacht and the SS;
- eastern security battalions;
- construction parts of the Wehrmacht;
- auxiliary personnel of the Wehrmacht, they are also "our Ivans" or Hiwi (Hilfswilliger: "voluntary helpers");
- auxiliary police units ("noise" - Schutzmannshaften);
- border guard;
- "air defense assistants" mobilized to Germany through youth organizations;

HOW MANY WAS THEM?

We will probably never know the exact numbers, since no one really considered them, but some estimates are available to us. A lower estimate can be obtained from the archives of the former NKVD - until March 1946, 283,000 "Vlasovites" and other collaborators in uniform were transferred to the authorities. The estimate from above can probably be taken from the works of Drobyazko, which serve as the main source of figures for the proponents of the "Second Civil" version. According to his calculations (the method of which he unfortunately does not disclose), the following passed through the Wehrmacht, the SS and various pro-German paramilitaries and police forces during the war years:

250,000 Ukrainians
70,000 Belarusians
70,000 Cossacks

150,000 Latvians
90,000 Estonians
50,000 Lithuanians

70,000 Central Asians
12,000 Volga Tatars
10,000 Crimean Tatars
7,000 Kalmyks

40,000 Azerbaijanis
25,000 Georgians
20,000 Armenians
30,000 North Caucasian peoples

Since the total number of all former Soviet citizens wearing German and pro-German uniforms is estimated at 1.2 million, the Russians (excluding Cossacks) are left with about 310,000 people. There are, of course, other calculations that give a smaller total number, but let's not waste time on trifles, let's take the estimate from above as a basis for further reasoning. Drobyazko.

WHO WERE THEY?

Hiwi and soldiers of the construction battalions can hardly be considered civil war fighters. Of course, their work freed German soldiers for the front, but this also applies to the "Ostarbeiters" to the same extent. Occasionally, the hiwi were given weapons and fought alongside the Germans, but such incidents are described in the unit's combat logs more as a curiosity than as a mass phenomenon. It is interesting to calculate how many were those who actually held weapons in their hands.

The number of hiwis at the end of the war by Drobiazko is about 675,000, if you add construction units and take into account the losses during the war, then I think we are not very wrong in assuming that this category covers about 700-750,000 people out of a total of 1.2 million. This is consistent with with a share of non-combat among the Caucasian peoples, in the calculation presented by the headquarters of the eastern troops at the end of the war. According to him, out of a total of 102,000 Caucasians who passed through the Wehrmacht and the SS, 55,000 served in the legions, Luftwaffe and SS and 47,000 in hiwi and construction units. It should be noted that the proportion of Caucasians enlisted in combat units was higher than the proportion of Slavs.

So, out of 1.2 million who wore German uniforms, only 450-500 thousand did so while holding weapons. Let's now try to calculate the layout of the really combat units of the Eastern peoples.

Asian battalions (Caucasians, Turks and Tatars) were formed 75 pieces (80,000 people). Taking into account 10 Crimean police battalions (8,700), Kalmyks and special units, there are approximately 110,000 "combat" Asians out of a total of 215,000. It quite beats with the layout separately for Caucasians.

The Baltics endowed the Germans with 93 police battalions (later partly reduced to regiments), with a total number of 33,000 people. In addition, 12 border regiments (30,000) were formed, partly staffed by police battalions, then three SS divisions (15, 19 and 20) and two volunteer regiments were created, through which about 70,000 people probably passed. Police and border regiments and battalions were partly directed to their formation. Taking into account the absorption of some parts by others, about 100,000 Balts passed through the combat units.

Galicia was once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and was seen as a potential German territory. It was separated from Ukraine, included in the Reich, as part of the General Government of Warsaw and put in line for Germanization. On the territory of Galicia, 10 police battalions (5,000) were formed, and subsequently the recruitment of volunteers for the SS troops was announced. It is believed that 70,000 volunteers turned up at the recruiting sites, but that many were not needed. As a result, one SS division (14th) and five police regiments were formed. Police regiments were disbanded as needed and sent to replenish the division. The total contribution of Galicia to the victory over Stalinism can be estimated at 30,000 people.

In the rest of Ukraine, 53 police battalions (25,000) were formed. It is known that a small part of them became part of the 30th SS division, the fate of the rest is unknown to me. After the formation in March 1945 of the Ukrainian analogue of the KONR - the Ukrainian National Committee - the Galician 14th SS division was renamed the 1st Ukrainian and the formation of the 2nd began. It was formed from volunteers of Ukrainian nationality recruited from various auxiliary formations, they recruited about 2,000 people.

Of the Russians, Belarusians and Ukrainians, about 90 guard "Ostbattalions" were formed, through which about 80,000 people passed, including the "Russian National People's Army" reorganized into five guard battalions. Other Russian combat units include the 3,000-strong 1st Russian National SS Brigade Gil (Rodionov), which went over to the side of the partisans, the approximately 6,000-strong "Russian National Army" of Smyslovsky, and the army of Kaminsky ("Russian Liberation People's Army"), which arose as the self-defense forces of the so-called. Lokot Republic. Maximum estimates of the number of people who passed through Kaminsky's army reach 20,000. After 1943, Kaminsky's troops retreated along with the German army and in 1944 an attempt was made to reorganize them into the 29th SS division. For a number of reasons, the reorganization was canceled, and the personnel were transferred to the understaffing of the 30th SS division. At the beginning of 1945, the armed forces of the Committee for the Liberation of the Peoples of Russia (the Vlasov army) were created. The first division of the army is formed from the "Ostbattalions" and the remnants of the 30th SS division. The second division is formed from "Ostbattalions", and partly from volunteer prisoners of war. The number of Vlasovites before the end of the war is estimated at 40,000 people, of which about 30,000 were former SS and Ostbattalions. In total, about 120,000 Russians fought in the Wehrmacht and the SS with weapons in their hands at different times.

The Cossacks, according to Drobyazko's calculations, put up 70,000 people, let's accept this figure.

HOW DID THEY GET INTO THE SERVICE?

Initially, the eastern parts were staffed with volunteers from among the prisoners of war and the local population. Since the summer of 1942, the principle of recruiting the local population has changed from voluntary to voluntary-compulsory - an alternative to voluntary entry into the police is forced deportation to Germany, "ostarbeiter". By the autumn of 1942, the undisguised coercion begins. Drobyazko, in his dissertation, talks about raids on peasants in the Shepetovka region: those caught were offered a choice between joining the police or being sent to a camp. Since 1943, compulsory military service has been introduced in various "self-defenses" of the Reichskommissariat "Ostland". In the Baltic States, through mobilization, since 1943, SS units and border guards were recruited.

HOW AND WITH WHOM DID THEY FIGHT?

Initially, the Slavic eastern parts were created to carry out security services. In this capacity, they were supposed to replace the security battalions of the Wehrmacht, which, like a vacuum cleaner, were sucked out of the rear zone by the needs of the front. At first, the soldiers of the Ostbattalions guarded warehouses and railways, but as the situation became more complicated, they began to be involved in anti-partisan operations. The involvement of the Ostbattalions in the fight against the partisans contributed to their disintegration. If in 1942 the number of "Ostbattalion" soldiers who went over to the side of the partisans was relatively small (although this year the Germans were forced to disband the RNNA due to massive defections), then in 1943 14 thousand fled to the partisans (and this is very, very quite a few, with an average number of eastern units in 1943 of about 65,000 people). The Germans had no strength to observe the further decomposition of the Ostbattalions, and in October 1943 the remaining eastern units were sent to France and Denmark (while disarming 5-6 thousand volunteers as unreliable). There they were included as 3rd or 4th battalions in the regiments of the German divisions.

Slavic eastern battalions, with rare exceptions, were not used in battles on the eastern front. In contrast, a significant number of Asian Ostbattalions were involved in the first line of the advancing German troops during the battle for the Caucasus. The results of the battles were contradictory - some showed themselves well, others - on the contrary, turned out to be infected with deserter moods and gave a large percentage of defectors. By the beginning of 1944, most of the Asian battalions also ended up on the Western Wall. Those who remained in the East were brought together in the East Turkic and Caucasian SS formations and were involved in the suppression of the Warsaw and Slovak uprisings.

In total, by the time of the Allied invasion in France, Belgium and the Netherlands, 72 Slavic, Asian and Cossack battalions with a total strength of about 70 thousand were assembled. In general, the Ostbattalions showed themselves poorly in battles with the allies (with some exceptions). Of the almost 8.5 thousand irretrievable losses, 8 thousand were missing, that is, most of them were deserters and defectors. After that, the remaining battalions were disarmed and involved in fortification work on the Siegfried Line. Subsequently, they were used to form parts of the Vlasov army.

In 1943, Cossack units were also withdrawn from the east. The most combat-ready formation of the German Cossack troops - formed in the summer of 1943, the 1st Cossack division of von Panwitz went to Yugoslavia to deal with Tito's partisans. There, they gradually gathered all the Cossacks, deploying the division into a corps. The division took part in the battles on the Eastern Front in 1945, fighting mainly against the Bulgarians.

The Baltic States gave the largest number of troops to the front - in addition to the three SS divisions, separate police regiments and battalions took part in the battles. The 20th Estonian SS division was defeated near Narva, but later restored and managed to take part in the last battles of the war. The Latvian 15th and 19th SS divisions in the summer of 1944 came under attack by the Red Army and could not withstand the blow. Large scale desertion and loss of combat capability are reported. As a result, the 15th division, having transferred its most reliable composition to the 19th, was assigned to the rear for use in the construction of fortifications. The second time it was used in battles in January 1945, in East Prussia, after which it was again withdrawn to the rear. She managed to surrender to the Americans. The 19th remained until the end of the war in Courland.

Belarusian policemen and those freshly mobilized in the BKA in 1944 were assembled in the 30th SS division. After the formation, the division in September 1944 was transferred to France, where it took part in battles with the allies. Suffered heavy losses, mainly from desertion. Belarusians ran across to the allies in batches and continued the war in the Polish units. In December, the division was disbanded, and the remaining personnel were transferred to staff the 1st Vlasov division.

The Galician 14th SS division, barely smelling gunpowder, was surrounded near Brody and almost completely destroyed. Although she was quickly restored, she no longer took part in the battles at the front. One of her regiments was involved in the suppression of the Slovak uprising, after which she went to Yugoslavia to fight Tito's partisans. Since it was not far from Yugoslavia to Austria, the division managed to surrender to the British.

The armed forces of the KONR were formed in early 1945. Although the 1st division of the Vlasovites was staffed almost entirely by veterans-punishers, many of whom had already been at the front, Vlasov soared Hitler's brains by demanding more time to prepare. In the end, the division still managed to get to the Oder front, where it took part in one attack against the Soviet troops on April 13. The very next day, the division commander, Major General Bunyachenko, ignoring the protests of his German immediate superior, took the division from the front and went to join the rest of Vlasov's army in the Czech Republic. The Vlasov army fought the second battle already against its ally, attacking German troops in Prague on May 5.

WHAT MOVED THEM?

The driving motives were completely different.

First, among the eastern troops, one can single out the national separatists who fought for the creation of their own nation state, or at least a privileged province of the Reich. This includes the Balts, Asian legionnaires and Galicians. The creation of units of this kind has a long tradition - to recall at least the Czechoslovak Corps or the Polish Legion in the First World War. These would fight against the central government, no matter who sits in Moscow - the tsar, the secretary general or the popularly elected president.

Secondly, there were ideological and stubborn opponents of the regime. These include the Cossacks (although partly their motives were national separatist), part of the personnel of the Ostbattalions, a significant part of the officer corps of the KONR troops.

1942 79,769
1943 26,108
1944 9,207

AND WHAT IS THE RESULT?

And the result is a picture completely different from what is drawn by ardent anti-communists. Instead of one (or even two) million Russians rallied under the tricolor flag in the fight against the hateful Stalinist regime, there is a very motley (and obviously not reaching a million) company of Balts, Asians, Galicians and Slavs who fought each for their own. And mostly not with the Stalinist regime, but with partisans (and not only Russians, but also with Yugoslav, Slovak, French, Polish), Western allies, and even with the Germans in general. Doesn't look much like a civil war, does it? Well, except to call these words the struggle of partisans with policemen, but the policemen fought by no means under the tricolor flag, but with a swastika on their sleeves.

For the sake of justice, it should be noted that until the end of 1944, until the formation of the KONR and its armed forces, the Germans did not provide an opportunity for Russian anti-communists to fight for the national idea, for Russia without the communists. It can be assumed that if they had allowed this earlier, more people would have rallied "under the tricolor flag", especially since there were still plenty of opponents of the Bolsheviks in the country. But this is "would" and besides, my grandmother also said for two. And in real history, no "millions under the tricolor flag" were observed.

Portal for the student. Self-training

Cases in which you need to buy proof of higher education

What is the benefit of buying a document

Can these companies be trusted?

Here they are:

CORPS OF THE SS TROOPS OF THE MAIN OPERATIONAL DEPARTMENT OF THE SS FHA-SS

BRIGADS OF THE MAIN DEPARTMENT OF THE IMPERIAL SECURITY OF THE SS RSHA-SS

MAIN COLLABORATION FORMATIONS. ARMED FORCES OF THE "UNION STATE"

"ARMY" WEhrmacht

AVIATION HULL

SECURITY CORPORATIONS OF THE ARMY REAR AREAS OF THE WEhrmacht

EASTERN LEGIONS OF THE WEHRMACHT

ABWERA DIVISIONS

ABWERA BRIGADS

SPECIAL PURPOSE DIVISIONS

"NATIVE" SECURITY CORPORATIONS AND SELF-DEFENSE

(RUSSIAN-CROATIAN)

Igor Kurtukov "How many Russians fought on the side of Hitler"

WHO TO COUNT?

HOW MANY WAS THEM?

WHO WERE THEY?

HOW DID THEY GET INTO THE SERVICE?

HOW AND WITH WHOM DID THEY FIGHT?

WHAT MOVED THEM?

AND WHAT IS THE RESULT?

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