For projective test Rorschach needs ten pictures (cards) with ink spots: five - black, two - red and black, and three - multi-colored. The researcher shows cards with spots in a certain order, and then asks the test-taker what it could be. When the participant in the experiment has seen all the inkblots and shared the relevant considerations, the researcher again shows the cards one by one.

The test-taker must name everything that he sees, specify where he / she sees it and why ink blot evokes a certain image in him. The card can be twisted, tilted, turned upside down - that is, viewed as you please. All words and actions of the patient are recorded, and the duration of the responses is also noted. Lack of reaction or inability to describe what is depicted on the card may indicate the presence of a psychological blockage in the area represented by such a card, or a temporary unwillingness to accept such a sphere. Each Rorschach test response is decoded and classified using a specially developed system of symbols in 5 categories:

1. Localization (selection for the response of the entire image or its individual details);
2. Determinants (what exactly is used to form the answer: the shape of the image, its color, shape and color at the same time, etc.);
3. Level of form (how adequately the form of the image is reflected in the answer, while the most frequently received interpretations are used as a criterion);
4. Content (what or who exactly the answer concerns: people, animals, plants, inanimate objects, abstract figures, etc.);
5. Originality - popularity (very rare answers are considered original, and those that are found in at least 30% of the surveyed are considered popular).

These categories have elaborate classifications and interpretations. Usually studied total scores”, i.e. sums of the same type of assessments, the relationship between them. The totality of all obtained relationships allows you to create a single and unique structure of interrelated personality traits. The responses are then analyzed and counted. Based on a series of mathematical calculations, sum up the results of the test and interpret final result based on the obtained empirical data.

Card 1. "Bat, butterfly, moth"

On the first picture of the Rorschach test, only black ink. The card with which the experiment begins will tell you how the patient perceives new and stressful tasks. Participants usually see in the image bat, a moth, a butterfly, or the face of some animal like an elephant or a rabbit. The reaction to this card gives general characteristics person.

• For some, a bat means something unclean or demonic, for someone - a path through darkness and rebirth.
• Butterflies symbolize transition, transformation, and the ability to grow, change, and overcome obstacles.
• The moth symbolizes a feeling of underestimation, dissatisfaction with one's own appearance, as well as weakness and irritation.
• The muzzle of an animal, in particular an elephant, symbolizes the ability to respond to problems, fear and unwillingness to look inside oneself. This perception of the picture can also symbolize the presence of a serious problem that is being ignored, and serve as a remark on an issue that a person is trying to avoid.

Card 2. "Two people"

This Rorschach test card features a picture in red and black ink. Drawing is usually perceived as sexy. Patients often refer to red elements as blood. The reaction to this picture indicates ways to control feelings, physical pain or anger. People often see a person praying in a picture; or two figures; a person who looks at himself in a mirror, or a four-legged animal like a dog or an elephant.

• The two figures symbolize codependency, an obsession with sex, ambiguous feelings about sex, or fixation on relationships.
• A person who looks at himself in the mirror symbolizes self-centeredness or narcissism. It can be both negative and positive trait depending on the person's feelings.
• The dog symbolizes a devoted and faithful friend. If the patient saw something negative, this may indicate the need to realize own fears and feelings.
• The elephant can symbolize thoughtfulness, memory and intelligence, but also a negative physical self-perception.
• The bear can symbolize aggression, competition, independence, recovery, as well as a sense of vulnerability, insecurity, or openness and honesty (a play on words in English: bear - bear, bare - expose, discover, expose).
• This card has a sexual meaning, so if someone sees a person who is praying, this may symbolize the attitude towards sex in the context of certain religious beliefs. Blood can mean that a person associates physical pain with religion, and also turns to prayer, experiencing difficult emotions (for example, anger), or associates anger with religion.

Card 3. "Two people"

The third drawing of the Rorschach test is a picture in red and black ink. The reaction to it indicates the patient's attitude towards other people in the process of social interaction. Common options for perceiving the image: two figures; a person looking in a mirror, a butterfly or a moth.

• If a person sees a common meal of two people, this indicates an active social life. A person who sees two people washing hands, may feel insecure or unclean, and paranoid. A person who sees two people playing a certain game is subject to competition in social interaction.
• A person who looks in the mirror symbolizes self-centeredness, neglect of others, or failure to perceive people as they are.

Card 4. "Animal skin, leather, carpet"

The fourth card is called "father's". On it is a shaded image in black ink. It is not uncommon for test subjects to see a large, sometimes eerie figure, more often male than female. The perception of these inkblots reflects the person's upbringing and attitude towards authority. People remember a large animal or a monster, an animal skin.

• A large animal or monster can symbolize feelings of inferiority, a strong fear of authority or authority, in particular a father.
• The skin of an animal can symbolize significant discomfort associated with the theme of the father. On the other hand, it may indicate that a person does not have problems with authority and inferiority.

Card 5. "Bat, butterfly, moth"

This picture of the Roroschach test has black ink stains. The reaction to this card, as well as to the first, reflects our essence. Usually the image is not perceived as threatening. After complex images on previous cards, this one is perceived by a person easier, so the answers are more detailed. If the patient's comments do not match the comments on the first card, this may indicate the influence of cards 2-4 on perception. Common options for perceiving an image are a bat, a butterfly, or a moth.

Card 6. "Animal skin, leather, carpet"

This map has black ink stains that differ from other maps in texture. The reaction to this image concerns the sphere of intimacy between people, which is why this picture of the Rorosach test is also called the “sex card”. Common options for perceiving the image: the skin of an animal, may indicate a fear of close relationships, gives rise to a feeling of emptiness and isolation in a person.

Card 7. "Human heads or faces"

This card has black ink stains commonly associated with femininity. Therefore, the main options for perceiving the image are women and children, and the card is called "mother's". If it is difficult for a person to describe what he saw, there may be problems with female figures in her life. Test-takers see on the map the heads or faces of women and children, as well as a kiss.

• The heads of women symbolize the feelings of a person associated with the image of the mother. These feelings influence attitudes towards females in general.
• The heads of children symbolize the feelings associated with childhood and the need to take care of inner child. Such a perception may also indicate the need for analysis and adjustment of a person's relationship with his mother.
• The kiss symbolizes a person's desire for love and reunion with the maternal image. This may indicate that a person once had a close relationship with his mother and is now looking for this closeness in other relationships - romantic or social.

Card 8. "Animals, not a cat or a dog"

This is a very vibrant card that uses grey, pink, orange and blue ink. This is not only the first multi-colored, but also an extremely complex picture of the Rorosach test. If this card or a drastic change in the image confuses a person, this may indicate difficulty in responding to difficult situations or emotional stimuli. Common comments on this card are a four-legged animal, a butterfly or a moth.

Card 9. "Man"

This card uses green, pink and orange ink. The spots on it are fuzzy, and it is not easy to recognize the image. Most people can't make sense of what they see. That is why this card determines a person's ability to cope with a lack of structure and confidence. Common answers: some kind of person or a vague creepy figure.

• When we are talking about a person, the patient's attitude towards this person indicates his ability to cope with the unsystematic nature of time and information.
• The image of evil may indicate that for inner comfort a person needs structure in life and he does not tolerate uncertainty.

Card 10. "Crab, lobster, spider"

The last card of the Rorschach test is the brightest. The image uses orange, yellow, pink, green, gray and blue ink. The structure of the picture is similar to that of Card 8, but the complexity is similar to Card 9. Most test subjects find the picture pleasant, but people who did not like the complex Card 9 may feel the same with this card. Such a reaction may indicate problems with similar, synchronous or compatible stimuli. Common perceptions include crab, lobster (lobster), spider, rabbit face, snake, or caterpillar.

• The crab can symbolize a tendency to fixate on certain things or people, or indicate a person's importunity.
• The lobster can symbolize strength, perseverance, and the ability to deal with minor problems. The lobster can also indicate that the person is afraid of hurting themselves or being hurt by others.
• A spider can symbolize fear, a feeling of confusion, or indicate that a person is in an uncomfortable position due to own lies. The spider also symbolizes the domineering mother and female power.
• The face of a rabbit can symbolize fertility and positive thinking.
• Snakes can symbolize danger. A person who sees snakes may feel deceived or betrayed, and also fear the unknown. In addition, snakes are seen as a phallic symbol and refer to unacceptable or forbidden sex.
• If a person sees caterpillars on latest map in the test, this indicates the prospects for development and awareness that the personality is constantly changing and evolving.

The Rorschach test or the Rorschach inkblot technique is one of the most famous psychodiagnostic personality tests. Each of us has seen at least one picture with blots that remind ... And here, in fact, the test begins, since the answer determines the individual properties and inclinations of a particular person. Recent times, due to the widespread distribution in in social networks, the Rorschach test is often presented in greatly simplified versions, but in fact it is a powerful psychological tool.

I often glimpsed these pictures and heard about this test, but I didn’t have to pass it myself, and even more so I didn’t quite understand the methodology and specifics of this test. Let's all find out about it together now, and at the same time remember about its author and the history of the creation of the Rorschach test

HERMANN RORSCHACH WAS BORN ON NOVEMBER 8, 1884 IN ZURICH (SWITZERLAND). He was the eldest son of an unsuccessful painter who was forced to earn his living by giving art lessons at school. From childhood, Herman was fascinated by color spots (in all likelihood, the result of the creative efforts of his father and the boy's own love for painting), and his school friends nicknamed him Blob. When Herman was twelve, his mother died, and when the young man was eighteen, his father also died. Graduated with honors high school Rorschach decided to study medicine. In 1912, he received his doctorate in medicine from the University of Zurich, after which he worked in a number of psychiatric hospitals. In 1911, while still at university, Rorschach conducted a series of curious experiments to test whether schoolchildren gifted with artistic talents were more developed imagination when interpreting ordinary inkblots. This study provided a huge impact not only on further career scientist, but also on the development of psychology as a science in general. It must be said that Rorschach was not the first to use color spots in his research.

It is unequivocal to say how the Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Hermann Rorschach came up with the idea of ​​​​creating such a test is a very difficult task. PhD Jane Framingham, for example, believes that the children's game "Klecksographie" popular at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, charades based on ink spots, could have prompted such an idea. Blots as a psychological tool could be used by Rorschach's teacher and friend Konrad Goering.

The history of the test itself can be started from 1911, when E. Bleuler first introduced the term "schizophrenia" into scientific use, and G. Rorschach became interested in this disease and devoted his dissertation to its study. In the process of conducting the experimental part, he noticed that patients interpret spots from the Klecksographie game in different ways. But then he made only a small report on his observation.

Several years of practice followed, during which G. Rorschach actively tested the inkblot technique on his patients in order to determine personal behavioral factors. As a result, 40 cards with inkblots were created and collected theoretical material to present the methodology. But there were difficulties with the publication. Now it's hard to believe, but not a single publishing house of that time wanted to take on the printing of Rorschach's book. And the reason for this was not the fantastic or anti-scientific nature of his ideas, but the banal technical complexity in printing so many blot drawings. As a result, they had to be reduced first to 15, and then to 10. Only after that one of the publishers agreed to release the book. It was published in 1921 under the title "Psychodiagnostik". In it, the author presented his theory of personal characteristics of people. One of the main provisions is that in the personality of each person such qualities as introversion and extroversion are represented - in other words, that we are motivated by both external and internal factors. According to the scientist, the test with ink spots allows you to evaluate the relative ratio of these properties and identify any mental disorder or, conversely, strengths personality. Psychological science community paid almost no attention to the first edition of Rorschach's book, since at that time the opinion prevailed that it was impossible to measure or test what a person's personality consists of. However, over time, colleagues began to understand the benefits of the Rorschach test, and in 1922 the psychiatrist discussed the possibilities of improving his technique at a meeting Psychoanalytic Society. Unfortunately, on April 1, 1922, after suffering for a week with severe abdominal pain, Hermann Rorschach was hospitalized with suspected appendicitis, and on April 2 he died of peritonitis. He was only thirty-seven years old, and he never saw the huge success of his invented psychological tool.

In it, in addition to introducing the concept of “psychodiagnostics” into science, the results of studies with inkblots and the test itself with explanations were presented. Rorschach's own scoring system (in other words, explaining how to interpret the results) focused on the classification of possible answers, and paid little attention to their content. AT next year The author of the test has died. Despite the weakness of certain aspects of the test (it is not clear to which category of the proposed classification all possible options answer due to the lack of their description in the work), its development for a long time were highly valued and were the main diagnostic tools in clinical psychology(during the 40-50s of the XX century). In the 1960s, the Rorschach test was criticized, mainly due to the lack of a unified methodology for assessing answers (there are several of the most common scoring systems: Beck, Piotrovsky, Klopfer, etc.).

But complete discrediting was avoided. Mainly thanks to the work of John Exner. He compared 5 dominant rating systems and created something like a unifying system (The Rorschach: A Comprehensive System). Today, many psychologists use the Rorschach test precisely within the Exner Integrative System. It is used for diagnosis in correctional facilities in the United States and some other countries, in forensics, for the diagnosis of personality disorders in clinical psychology. Also, validity in understanding personality and emotional state The test detects a person in cases where the patient does not want or cannot (due to dementia, for example, as in the case of Charlie Gordon in "Flowers for Algernon") talk about it directly. Globally, based on the answers, one can judge the psychology of a person, understand his past and predict future behavior.

Rorschach ink blots

The Rorschach test uses ten inkblots: five black and white, two black and red, and three colored. The psychologist shows the cards in strict order, asking the patient the same question: “What does it look like?”. After the patient has seen all the pictures and given answers, the psychologist shows the cards again, again in strict order. The patient is asked to name everything that he sees on them, in which place of the picture he sees this or that image, and what in it makes him give just such an answer. Cards can be flipped, tilted, manipulated in any other way. The psychologist must accurately record everything the patient says and does during the test, as well as the timing of each response. The responses are then analyzed and scores are calculated. Then, by mathematical calculations, the result is displayed according to the test data, which is interpreted by a specialist. If some ink spot does not evoke any associations in a person or he cannot describe what he sees on it, this may mean that the object depicted on the card is blocked in his mind, or that the image on it is associated in his subconscious with a topic that in this moment he didn't want to discuss.

CARD 1

ON THE FIRST CARD WE SEE A SPOT OF BLACK INK. It is shown first, and the answer to it allows the psychologist to suggest how this person performs new tasks for him - therefore, associated with a certain stress. Usually people say that the image reminds them of a bat, a moth, a butterfly, or the face of some animal, such as an elephant or a rabbit. The response reflects the respondent's personality type as a whole.

For some people, the image of a bat is associated with something unpleasant and even demonic; for others, it is a symbol of rebirth and the ability to navigate in the dark. Butterflies can symbolize transition and transformation, as well as the ability to grow, change, and overcome difficulties. The moth symbolizes a sense of abandonment and ugliness, as well as weakness and anxiety. The face of an animal, particularly an elephant, often symbolizes the way we face adversity and the fear of internal problems. It can also mean "an elephant in a china shop", that is, to convey a feeling of discomfort, and indicate some kind of problem from which a person is this moment trying to get rid of.

CARD 2

THIS CARD SHOWS A RED AND BLACK SPOT, and people often see something sexy in it. Parts of the red color are usually interpreted as blood, and the reaction to it reflects how a person manages his feelings and anger and how he copes with physical damage. Respondents most often say that this spot reminds them of an act of supplication, two people, a person looking in a mirror, or some kind of long-legged animal, such as a dog, a bear, or an elephant.

If a person sees two people in a spot, this can symbolize interdependence, an obsession with sex, ambivalent attitude to sexual contact or focus on connection and close relationships with others. If the spot resembles a person reflected in a mirror, this can symbolize self-centeredness or, on the contrary, a tendency to self-criticism. In each of the two options, either a negative or a positive personality characteristic is expressed, depending on what feelings the image evokes in a person. If the respondent sees a dog in the spot, this may mean that he is faithful and loving friend. If he perceives the stain as something negative, then he needs to face his fears face to face and admit his inner feelings. If the spot reminds a person of an elephant, this can symbolize a tendency to think, developed intellect and good memory; however, sometimes such a vision speaks of negative perception own body. The bear, imprinted in the spot, symbolizes aggression, rivalry, independence, disobedience. In the case of English-speaking patients, a play on words can play a role: bear (bear) and bare (bare), which means a feeling of insecurity, vulnerability, as well as the sincerity and honesty of the responder. The spot on this card is reminiscent of something sexual, and if the respondent sees it as a person praying, this may indicate an attitude towards sex in the context of religion. If at the same time the respondent sees blood in the stain, it means that he associates physical pain with religion or, experiencing complex emotions like anger, resorts to prayer, or associates anger with religion.

CARD 3

THE THIRD CARD DESIGNS A SPOT OF RED AND BLACK INK, and its perception symbolizes the patient's relationship to other people within the framework of social interaction. Most often, respondents see on it the image of two people looking in the mirror of a person, a butterfly or a moth.

If a person sees two dining people in a spot, this means that he is actively social life. A stain that looks like two people washing their hands indicates insecurity, a feeling of impurity, or paranoid fear. If the respondent saw two people playing a game in the spot, this often indicates that he is occupying social interactions opponent's position. If the spot resembles a person looking at his reflection in the mirror, this may indicate self-centeredness, inattention to others and inability to understand people.

CARD 4

THE SPECIALISTS CALL THE FOURTH CARD "FATHER'S". The spot on it is black, and some of its parts are fuzzy, blurry. Many people see something big and frightening in this picture - an image that is usually perceived not as feminine, but as masculine. The reaction to this stain makes it possible to reveal a person's attitude to authorities and the peculiarities of his upbringing. Most often, the spot reminds the respondents of a huge animal or monster, or the hole of some animal or its skin.

If the patient sees a large animal or monster in the spot, this may symbolize a sense of inferiority and admiration for authority, as well as an exaggerated fear of people in positions of power, including his own father. If the spot resembles the skin of an animal responding, this often symbolizes the strongest internal discomfort when discussing topics related to the father. However, this may also indicate that the problem own inferiority or worship of authorities is irrelevant for this respondent.

CARD 5

ON THIS CARD WE SEE THE BLACK SPOT AGAIN. The association caused by him, like the image on the first card, reflects our true "I". Looking at this image, people usually do not feel threatened, and since the previous cards caused them completely different emotions, this time the person does not feel much tension or discomfort - therefore, a deeply personal reaction will be characteristic. If the image he sees is very different from the answer given when he saw the first card, this means that the cards from the second to the fourth, most likely, made him great impression. Most often, this image reminds people of a bat, butterfly or moth.

CARD 6

THE PICTURE ON THIS CARD IS ALSO SINGLE COLOR, BLACK; it is distinguished by the texture of the spot. This image evokes in a person associations with interpersonal intimacy, which is why it is called the “sex card”. Most often, people say that the stain reminds them of a hole or the skin of an animal, which may indicate a reluctance to enter into close relationships with other people and, as a result, a feeling inner emptiness and isolation from society.

CARD 7

THE SPOT ON THIS CARD IS ALSO BLACK and is usually associated with the feminine. Since people most often see images of women and children in this spot, it is called "motherly". If a person has difficulty describing what is shown on the card, this may indicate that he has problems in his life. complicated relationship with women. Respondents often say that the stain reminds them of the heads or faces of women or children; it can also evoke memories of a kiss.

If the spot looks like the heads of women, this symbolizes the feelings associated with the mother of the respondent, which also affect his attitude towards the female sex in general. If the spot resembles children's heads, this symbolizes feelings associated with childhood and the need to take care of the child that lives in the soul of the respondent, or that the patient's relationship with the mother needs close attention and, possibly, correction. If a person sees two heads bowed for a kiss in a spot, this indicates his desire to be loved and reunite with his mother, or that he seeks to reproduce the once close relationship with his mother in other relationships, including romantic or social.

CARD 8

THIS CARD IS IN GREY AND PINK AND ORANGE AND BLUE COLORS. Not only is this the first multi-color card in the test, it is also particularly difficult to interpret. If it is during its demonstration or change of the pace of displaying pictures that the respondent experiences obvious discomfort, it is very likely that in life he has difficulties with processing difficult situations or emotional stimuli. Most often, people say that they see a four-legged animal, a butterfly or a moth here.

CARD 9

THE SPOT ON THIS CARD INCLUDES GREEN, PINK AND ORANGE. It has a vague outline, so most people find it difficult to understand what this image reminds them of. For this reason, this card allows you to evaluate how well a person copes with the lack of a clear structure and uncertainty. Most often, patients see on it either the general outlines of a person, or some indefinite form evil.

If the respondent sees a person, then the feelings experienced at the same time convey how successfully he copes with the disorganization of time and information. If the stain resembles some abstract image of evil, this may indicate that a person needs to have a clear routine in order to feel comfortable, and that he does not cope well with uncertainty.

CARD 10

THE LAST RORSCHACH TEST CARD HAS THE MOST COLORS: there are orange, and yellow, and green, and pink, and gray, and blue. In form, it is somewhat similar to the eighth card, but in terms of complexity it is more similar to the ninth. Many people experience quite pleasant feelings when they see this card, except for those who were very puzzled by the difficulty of identifying the image depicted on the previous card; when they look at this picture, they feel the same way. This may indicate that they have difficulty coping with similar, synchronous, or overlapping stimuli. Most often, people see crab, lobster, spider, rabbit head, snakes or caterpillars on this card.

The image of a crab symbolizes the respondent's tendency to become too attached to things and people, or such a quality as tolerance. If a person sees a lobster in a picture, this may indicate their strength, tolerance and ability to cope with minor problems, as well as the fear of harming themselves or being harmed by someone else. If the spot resembles a spider, it may be a symbol of fear, a feeling that a person has been pulled into difficult situation. In addition, the image of a spider symbolizes overprotective and caring mother and the power of women. If a person sees the head of a rabbit, it can symbolize reproductive ability and a positive attitude towards life. Snakes reflect a sense of danger or a feeling that a person has been deceived, as well as a fear of the unknown. The snake is also often regarded as a phallic symbol and associated with unacceptable or forbidden sexual desires. Since this is the last card in the test, if the patient sees caterpillars on it, this indicates the prospects for his growth and the understanding that people are constantly changing and developing.

sources

http://www.factroom.ru/psychology/rorschach-test

http://4brain.ru/blog/%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D1% 85%D0%B0/

http://www.psysocialis.ru/rorshah/

Here are some more interesting tests: for example, and here is a controversial one. Let's remember about and here is such an unusual The original article is on the website InfoGlaz.rf Link to the article from which this copy is made -

Back in 1921, Swiss psychiatrist and psychologist Hermann Rorschach created a personality test named after him - Rorschach test, also known under the names: “Spots or Rorschach blots”, as well as the “ink stain technique”, which is still quite in demand and popular with psychologists and psychotherapists in diagnosing the psyche, its disorders and disorders.

The term "Psychodiagnostics" was also coined by Rorschach.

The stimulus material of the Rorschach projective test consists of 10 amorphous (weakly structured) black-and-white and color pictures, the so-called. Rorschach spots, symmetrical along the axis and arranged in a certain order from 1 to 10.

Rorschach test online

Rorschach test online is possible only in a truncated form, because to get real psychodiagnostic results, it is necessary to have an examination in the presence of a psychologist, and even in combination with others, including clinical research and questioning the examinee. In this case, the person being tested, looking at the image, the Rorschach stain, uses free associations and says the first thing that comes to mind: a word, an image, a representation…

What a person "sees" in a blot (ink stain) will help determine the characteristics of his personality and psyche - the norm and deviations, up to personality, neurotic disorders and pathology.

So, the Rorschach test online, pass for free

Now, if you're ready, you can go Rorschach test online, free in a truncated version…
You are invited to answer questions about what you think each picture looks like, a Rorschach inkblot.

Attention! For the purity of the Rorschach test, first, in order, look at each inkblot and, on the basis of personal associations, tell yourself (preferably write down) what comes to your mind: what does the Rorschach stain remind you of, what does it look like ...
Then, at the end of the content (page), select the definitions that suit your associations by the number of each blot. Click on the result button and find out a lot about your personality.

Those who wish to take the famous Rorschach test with the participation of a psychologist, for example, via Skype, and receive the most reliable personality studies together with psychoanalysis, can SIGN UP for online psychodiagnostics with home page site.

Rorschach inkblot technique - take the test

Blob №1

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Blob #3


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Blob №5


Blob №6


Blob №7


Blob №8


Blob #9


Blob №10

Ecology of life. Psychology: In the personality of each person, such qualities as introversion and extroversion are presented ...

Hermann Rorschach was born on November 8, 1884 in Zurich (Switzerland). He was the eldest son of an unsuccessful painter who was forced to earn his living by giving art lessons at school. From childhood, Herman was fascinated by color spots (in all likelihood, the result of the creative efforts of his father and the boy's own love for painting), and his school friends nicknamed him Blob.

When Herman was twelve, his mother died, and when the young man was eighteen, his father also died. After graduating with honors from high school, Rorschach decided to study medicine. In 1912, he received his doctorate in medicine from the University of Zurich, after which he worked in a number of psychiatric hospitals.

In 1911, while still at university, Rorschach conducted a series of curious experiments to test whether artistically gifted schoolchildren were more imaginative when interpreting ordinary inkblots. This study had a huge impact not only on the future career of a scientist, but also on the development of psychology as a science in general.

It must be said that Rorschach was not the first to use color spots in his research, but in his experiment they were first used as part of an analytical approach. The results of the scientist's first experiment were lost over time, but over the next ten years, Rorschach conducted a large-scale study and developed a systematic methodology that allows psychologists to determine people's personality types using ordinary inkblots. Thanks to his work in a psychiatric clinic, he had Free access to her patients. Thus, Rorschach studied both mentally ill people and emotionally healthy people, which allowed him to develop systematic test with the use of inkblots, with which you can analyze the personal characteristics of a person, determine the type of his personality and, if necessary, correct it.

In 1921, Rorschach presented the results of his large-scale work to the world by publishing a book called Psychodiagnostics. In it, the author outlined his theory about the personal characteristics of people.

One of the main provisions is that in the personality of each person such qualities as introversion and extroversion are represented - in other words, that we are motivated by both external and internal factors. According to the scientist, the test with ink spots allows you to evaluate the relative ratio of these properties and identify any mental deviation or, on the contrary, the strengths of the personality. The first edition of Rorschach's book was largely ignored by the psychological scientific community, because at that time the opinion prevailed that it was impossible to measure or test what a person's personality consisted of.

However, over time, colleagues began to understand the benefits of the Rorschach test, and in 1922 the psychiatrist discussed the possibilities of improving his technique at a meeting of the Psychoanalytic Society. Unfortunately, on April 1, 1922, after suffering for a week with severe abdominal pain, Hermann Rorschach was hospitalized with suspected appendicitis, and on April 2 he died of peritonitis. He was only thirty-seven years old, and he never saw the huge success of the psychological tool he invented.

Rorschach ink blots

The Rorschach test uses ten inkblots: five black and white, two black and red and three color. The psychologist shows the cards in strict order, asking the patient the same question: “What does it look like?”. After the patient has seen all the pictures and given answers, the psychologist shows the cards again, again in strict order. The patient is asked to name everything that he sees on them, in which place of the picture he sees this or that image, and what in it makes him give just such an answer.

Cards can be flipped, tilted, manipulated in any other way. The psychologist must accurately record everything the patient says and does during the test, as well as the timing of each response. The responses are then analyzed and scores are calculated. Then, by mathematical calculations, the result is displayed according to the test data, which is interpreted by a specialist.

If some ink spot does not evoke any associations in a person or he cannot describe what he sees on it, this may mean that the object depicted on the card is blocked in his mind, or that the image on it is associated in his subconscious with a topic that at the moment he would not like to discuss.

Card 1

On the first card we see a spot of black ink. It is shown first, and the answer to it allows the psychologist to suggest how this person performs new tasks for him - therefore, associated with a certain stress. Usually people say that the image reminds them of a bat, a moth, a butterfly, or the face of some animal, such as an elephant or a rabbit. The response reflects the respondent's personality type as a whole.

For some people, the image of a bat is associated with something unpleasant and even demonic; for others, it is a symbol of rebirth and the ability to navigate in the dark. Butterflies can symbolize transition and transformation, as well as the ability to grow, change, and overcome difficulties. The moth symbolizes a sense of abandonment and ugliness, as well as weakness and anxiety.

The face of an animal, in particular an elephant, often symbolizes the way we face adversity and the fear of inner problems. It can also mean "an elephant in a china shop", that is, to convey a feeling of discomfort, and indicate some kind of problem that a person is currently trying to get rid of.

Card 2

This card has a spot of red and black, and people often see something sexy in it. Parts of the red color are usually interpreted as blood, and the reaction to it reflects how a person manages his feelings and anger and how he copes with physical damage. Respondents most often say that this spot reminds them of an act of supplication, two people, a person looking in a mirror, or some kind of long-legged animal, such as a dog, a bear, or an elephant.

If a person sees two people in the spot, this can symbolize interdependence, an obsession with sex, an ambivalent attitude towards sexual contact, or a focus on connection and close relationships with others. If the spot resembles a person reflected in a mirror, this can symbolize self-centeredness or, on the contrary, a tendency to self-criticism.

In each of the two options, either a negative or a positive personality characteristic is expressed, depending on what feelings the image evokes in a person. If the respondent sees a dog in the spot, this may mean that he is a loyal and loving friend. If he perceives the stain as something negative, then he needs to face his fears face to face and recognize his inner feelings.

If the spot reminds a person of an elephant, this can symbolize a tendency to think, a developed intellect and a good memory; however, sometimes such a vision indicates a negative perception of one's own body.

The bear, imprinted in the spot, symbolizes aggression, rivalry, independence, disobedience. In the case of English-speaking patients, a play on words can play a role: bear (bear) and bare (bare), which means a feeling of insecurity, vulnerability, as well as the sincerity and honesty of the responder.

The spot on this card is reminiscent of something sexual, and if the respondent sees it as a person praying, this may indicate an attitude towards sex in the context of religion. If at the same time the respondent sees blood in the stain, it means that he associates physical pain with religion or, experiencing complex emotions like anger, resorts to prayer, or associates anger with religion.

Card 3

The third card shows a spot of red and black ink, and its perception symbolizes the relationship of the patient to other people within the framework of social interaction. Most often, respondents see on it the image of two people looking in the mirror of a person, a butterfly or a moth.

If a person sees two people having lunch in a spot, this means that he leads an active social life. A stain that looks like two people washing their hands indicates insecurity, a feeling of impurity, or paranoid fear. If the respondent saw two people playing a game in the spot, this often indicates that he takes the position of a rival in social interactions. If the spot resembles a person looking at his reflection in the mirror, this may indicate self-centeredness, inattention to others and inability to understand people.

Card 4

Experts call the fourth card "father's". The spot on it is black, and some of its parts are fuzzy, blurry. Many people see something big and frightening in this picture - an image that is usually perceived not as feminine, but as masculine. The reaction to this stain makes it possible to reveal a person's attitude to authorities and the peculiarities of his upbringing. Most often, the spot reminds the respondents of a huge animal or monster, or the hole of some animal or its skin.

If the patient sees a large animal or monster in the spot, this may symbolize a sense of inferiority and admiration for authority, as well as an exaggerated fear of people in positions of power, including his own father. If the spot resembles the skin of an animal responding, this often symbolizes the strongest internal discomfort when discussing topics related to the father. However, this may also indicate that the problem of one's own inferiority or worship of authorities is irrelevant for this respondent.

Card 5

On this card we see again black spot. The association caused by him, like the image on the first card, reflects our true "I". Looking at this image, people usually do not feel threatened, and since the previous cards caused them completely different emotions, this time the person does not feel much tension or discomfort - therefore, a deeply personal reaction will be characteristic. If the image he sees is very different from the answer given when he saw the first card, this means that cards two through four most likely made a big impression on him. Most often, this image reminds people of a bat, butterfly or moth.

Card 6

The picture on this card is also monochrome, black; it is distinguished by the texture of the spot. This image evokes in a person associations with interpersonal intimacy, which is why it is called the “sex card”. Most often, people say that the stain reminds them of a hole or an animal skin, which may indicate a reluctance to enter into close relationships with other people and, as a result, a feeling of inner emptiness and isolation from society.

Card 7

The spot on this card is also black and is usually associated with the feminine. Since people most often see images of women and children in this spot, it is called "motherly". If a person has difficulty describing what is shown on the card, this may indicate that he has difficult relationships with women in his life. Respondents often say that the stain reminds them of the heads or faces of women or children; it can also evoke memories of a kiss.

If the spot looks like the heads of women, this symbolizes the feelings associated with the mother of the respondent, which also affect his attitude towards the female sex in general. If the spot resembles children's heads, this symbolizes feelings associated with childhood and the need to take care of the child that lives in the soul of the respondent, or that the patient's relationship with the mother needs close attention and, possibly, correction. If a person sees two heads bowed for a kiss in a spot, this indicates his desire to be loved and reunite with his mother, or that he seeks to reproduce the once close relationship with his mother in other relationships, including romantic or social.

Card 8

This card has gray, and pink, and orange, and blue colors. Not only is this the first multi-colored card in the test, it is also particularly difficult to interpret. If it is precisely when demonstrating it or changing the pace of displaying pictures that the respondent experiences obvious discomfort, it is very likely that in life he has difficulty processing difficult situations or emotional stimuli. Most often, people say that they see a four-legged animal, a butterfly or a moth here.

Card 9

The spot on this card includes green, pink and orange colors. It has a vague outline, so most people find it difficult to understand what this image reminds them of. For this reason, this card allows you to evaluate how well a person copes with the lack of a clear structure and uncertainty. Most often, patients see on it either the general outlines of a person, or some indefinite form of evil.

If the respondent sees a person, then the feelings experienced at the same time convey how successfully he copes with the disorganization of time and information. If the stain resembles some abstract image of evil, this may indicate that a person needs to have a clear routine in order to feel comfortable, and that he does not cope well with uncertainty.

Card 10

The last card of the Rorschach test has the most colors: there are orange, and yellow, and green, and pink, and gray, and blue. In form, it is somewhat similar to the eighth card, but in terms of complexity it is more similar to the ninth.

Many people experience quite pleasant feelings when they see this card, except for those who were very puzzled by the difficulty of identifying the image depicted on the previous card; when they look at this picture, they feel the same way. This may indicate that they have difficulty coping with similar, synchronous, or overlapping stimuli. Most often, people see crab, lobster, spider, rabbit head, snakes or caterpillars on this card.

The image of a crab symbolizes the respondent's tendency to become too attached to things and people, or such a quality as tolerance. If a person sees a lobster in a picture, this may indicate their strength, tolerance and ability to cope with minor problems, as well as the fear of harming themselves or being harmed by someone else. If the spot resembles a spider, it may be a symbol of fear, a feeling that a person has been dragged into a difficult situation by force or deceit. In addition, the image of a spider symbolizes an overprotective and caring mother and the power of a woman.

If a person sees the head of a rabbit, it can symbolize reproductive ability and a positive attitude towards life. Snakes reflect a sense of danger or a feeling that a person has been deceived, as well as a fear of the unknown. The snake is also often regarded as a phallic symbol and associated with unacceptable or forbidden sexual desires. Since this is the last card in the test, if the patient sees caterpillars on it, this indicates the prospects for his growth and the understanding that people are constantly changing and developing. published

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Rorschach test spots are known to many today. Its creator died very early, at the age of 37. He never saw great success psychological tool invented by him...

The Rorschach test is based on showing 10 five black and white, three color and two black and red. The psychologist in strict order shows the cards, asking the patient the question: "What does it look like?" Then, after the patient has given answers to the Rorschach test, the specialist again suggests looking at the cards, again in certain sequence. The subject is asked to name everything that he could see on them, as well as in what place of the picture he saw this or that image, and what makes the patient give this particular answer. You can tilt, turn over the spots of Rorschach dough. You can manipulate them in all sorts of ways. At the same time, the psychologist conducting the Rorschach test accurately captures everything that the patient does and says during the test and during each response. The scores are then calculated and the responses are analyzed. Then, with the help of mathematical calculations, the result is obtained.

The Rorschach test is interpreted by a specialist. If a person does not evoke any associations with any ink spot, and he cannot say what he sees on it, this may mean that the object depicted on the card is blocked in his mind, or that the corresponding image is associated in the subconscious of the subject with a topic that he would not like to discuss at the moment. As you can see, the Rorschach test is not at all difficult to pass, but it is difficult to do it yourself. It is better to consult a psychologist for this. You can pass the Rorschach test yourself, but only a specialist can correctly interpret the results. However, you can use it to assess the personality of a person in in general terms.

First card

It has a smudge of black ink on it. This card is shown first when the blot test is done. The received answer allows us to assume how a person performs tasks that are new to him, and therefore related to stress. People usually say that this image looks like a butterfly, a moth, or the face of an animal (rabbit, elephant, etc.). The answer to the question displays the type as a whole.

For some, the image of a bat is associated with something unpleasant, while for others it is a symbol of rebirth, as well as the ability to navigate in the dark. Butterflies can symbolize transformation and transition, as well as the ability to overcome difficulties, change, grow. Moth means a feeling of ugliness and abandonment, as well as anxiety and weakness. The face of an animal (such as an elephant) symbolizes the ways in which we confront difficulties, as well as the fear of our inner problems. It can also mean a feeling of discomfort, talk about a problem that the respondent is currently trying to get rid of.

Second card

It has a red and black patch on it. Often people see something sexy on this card. The red color in the image is usually interpreted as blood, the reaction to which shows how a person can control his anger and feelings. Most often, respondents answer that this spot resembles two people, an act of prayer, a person looking into a mirror or a long-legged animal, for example, a bear, a dog or an elephant.

In the event that a person in a spot sees two people, this may indicate interdependence, an ambivalent attitude to sexual intercourse, an obsession with sex, or a focus on close relationships and connection with others. If it resembles a person reflected in a mirror, this indicates self-centeredness or a tendency to self-criticism. If the respondent sees a dog, then he is loving and true friend. If this stain is perceived as something negative, it means that a person needs to face their fears. If it resembles an elephant, possible interpretations: a developed intellect, a tendency to think, good memory. Sometimes, however, such a vision indicates a negative perception of the respondent's body. Bear means disobedience, independence, rivalry, aggression. The stain is reminiscent of sexuality, so if a person sees a person praying, this indicates an attitude towards sex in a religious context. If at the same time he notices blood, it means that he associates physical pain with religion or resorts to prayer, experiencing complex emotions (for example, anger), etc.

Third card

On it we see a spot of black and red ink. Perception of it speaks about the relationship of a person to others in the framework of interaction. Respondents most often see the image of two people, a person looking in a mirror, a moth or a butterfly. If a person notices two diners, then he leads an active public life. If the stain resembles two people washing their hands, this indicates a feeling of uncleanness, insecurity, or paranoid fear. If the respondent saw in him two people who are playing a game, it is often noted that in social interactions he takes the position of a rival. If the subject notices a person who looks at his reflection in the mirror, he may be inattentive to others, self-centered, unable to understand people.

Fourth card

Let's continue to describe the Rorschach spots. The 4th card is called "father's". On it we see a black spot and some blurry fuzzy parts of it. Many talk about something awesome and big. The reaction to this stain can reveal the attitude of the respondent to authorities, as well as the peculiarities of his upbringing. It most often resembles a huge animal or its hole or skin, or a monster.

If a person sees a monster or a large animal, this indicates a worship of authority and a sense of inferiority, an exaggerated fear of people in positions of power, including his own father. The skin of an animal often symbolizes the strong internal discomfort of the respondent when discussing topics related to the father. But it may also indicate that for him the problem of admiration for authorities or his inferiority is irrelevant.

Fifth card

This is a black spot. The association caused by him displays, as on the first card, the true "I". People, looking at the image, usually do not feel threatened. If the image that the respondent saw is significantly different from the answer received when they saw the 1st card, this indicates that, most likely, the Rorschach spots - from the 2nd to the 4th - made a big impression on this person. The image most often resembles a bat, moth or butterfly.

Sixth card

The image on it is also black, one-color. This card is distinguished by the texture of the spot. For a person, the image on it evokes intimacy, and therefore it is called a "sex card". Respondents most often note that the spot resembles the skin of an animal or a hole. This may mean a reluctance to enter into close relationships with other people and, as a result, a feeling of isolation from society and inner emptiness.

Seventh card

On this card, the spot is also black. Respondents usually associate it with the feminine principle. Most often, people see images of children and women in it. If a person finds it difficult to describe what is depicted, this may indicate that he has developed difficult relationship with women. Often respondents note that the spot resembles the faces or heads of women and children. It can also remind you of a kiss. Women's heads testify to the feelings associated with the mother, affecting the attitude towards women in general. Children's heads mean an attitude towards childhood, the need to take care of a child living in a person's soul. Heads bowed for a kiss mean the desire to be loved, as well as reunite with the mother.

Eighth card

It has pink, gray, blue and orange colors. This is the first multi-colored card in the test and is especially difficult to interpret. If during the demonstration the respondent feels discomfort, it is likely that he has difficulty processing complex emotional stimuli or situations. People most often report seeing a butterfly, a quadruped, or a moth.

Ninth card

The spot on it includes pink, green and orange colors and has an indefinite outline. Most people find it difficult to determine what resembles given image. Therefore, the card can assess how a person copes with uncertainty and the lack of a clear structure. Patients most often see the general outline of a person or a vague form of evil. If the respondent sees a person, then the feelings experienced at the same time indicate how successfully he can cope with the disorganization of information and time. An abstract image of evil can symbolize that a person needs a clear routine in life to feel comfortable, and he copes poorly with uncertainty.

Tenth card

The Rorschach psychological test ends with the 10th card. It has the most colors: yellow, and orange, and pink, and green, and blue, and gray. This card resembles the 8th in shape, and the 9th in complexity. At the sight of her, many experience pleasant feelings, except for those who are puzzled by the difficulty of identifying the image depicted on the 9th card, which the Rorschach test offers. The interpretation is most often as follows: spider, lobster, crab, rabbit head, caterpillars or snakes. Crab means a tendency to become attached to things and people, or tolerance. Lobster indicates tolerance, strength, ability to cope with problems, fear of harming oneself or fear of harm from another. A spider can mean fear, a feeling that the respondent has been tricked or forced into a difficult situation. The head of a rabbit speaks of a positive attitude towards life and reproductive ability. Snakes - a sense of danger, fear of the unknown, a feeling that a person has been deceived. In addition, they can mean forbidden or unacceptable sexual desires. Caterpillars testify to the understanding that people are constantly evolving and changing, they speak of growth prospects.

So, we have briefly described the Rorschach test. It is not easy to interpret the results on your own - it is required good knowledge psychology. However, in general terms, you can get an idea of ​​\u200b\u200ba person based on this test.