False friends of the translator(tracing paper fr. faux amis), or interlingual homonyms (interlingual paronyms) is a pair of words in two languages that are similar in spelling and/or pronunciation, often with common origin but different in meaning. For example, the Slovak word place consonant with the Russian word place, although its translation into Russian is city.
False friends of the translator can lead to misunderstanding and mistranslation of the text. Some of them were formed due to the fact that after borrowing the meaning of the word in one of the languages changed, in other cases there was no borrowing at all, and the words come from a common root in some ancient language, but have different meanings; sometimes the consonance is purely coincidental. The term "false friends" was introduced by M. Kössler and J. Derocchigny in 1928 in the book Les faux amis ou Les pièges du vocabulaire anglais.
A special case of the translator's false friends are pseudo-internationalisms- interlingual homonyms associated (in their graphic and / or phonetic form) with the words of international vocabulary and causing different kind difficulties in translation: full or statements, violation lexical compatibility or stylistic agreement of words in a statement. Another special case of the translator's false friends are lexical units (words and phrases) that coincide in different languages in their internal form, but have completely different meanings:
Reasons for the appearance
Rethinking in the process of historical development (Independent development of languages)
In Proto-Slavic, the word vonjati(> rus. stink) meant "to smell". In Russian, its meaning has shifted to "smell bad", while in West Slavic languages (for example, Czech. voňavka - spirits) does not carry a negative meaning. Initial value in Russian remained in words smell (about- + stink), sense of smell, as well as in Old Slavonicism "incense" (pleasant smell), mainly used to describe the smell in the church and other places of worship. Parallel Borrowing
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A lot of borrowings were introduced into the dictionary of the Russian language. All of them sound familiar to the Russian-speaking audience. Business, casting, office, computer - acquisitions of the last decades.
For learning a foreign language, this seems convenient, because such words do not need to be learned - we already know them.
However, in such a deceptive "familiarity" treachery lurks. Often we use foreign words that are in their own mother tongue mean something completely different.
Linguists came up with an apt name for them - false friends of the translator.
Some terminology
For the first time, the informal term "false friends" appeared in 1928 thanks to the linguists M. Kössler and J. Derokkini.
Among scientists, a formal definition has been adopted - interlingual paronyms. It means a pair of words in two languages (or two dialects within a language) that are similar in spelling and/or pronunciation but differ in meaning.
Interlingual homonyms are one of the varieties of "false friends" that can mislead the translator.
There are more than a thousand Russian-English false friends of the translator.
Where did trap words come from?
Often a language pair has the same roots. So, many "false friends" of the translator in English were formed due to borrowings from other languages.
A good example is the English word pathetic. It has little in common with the Russian adjective "pathetic". It came to Russian speech from ancient Greek and means “passionate”, “emotional”.
The British, on the other hand, give it a completely different meaning - “wretched”, “pathetic”, “insignificant”. In English, the word came from Latin, where it had previously come from ancient Greek. After all these transitions, the value has changed.
However, it is not always possible to explain the similarity by a common etymology. Sometimes a simple coincidence gives rise to funny examples.
The Swedes call their grandmothers murmur.
Stinky (voňavka) in Czech means perfume.
Interlingual paronyms
Look what a curious example of life provided by modern technology.
Notebook - notebook, notepad, but not a portable computer. The correct word is laptop. If an Englishman or an American hears, for example, the phrase designer’s notebook, then he will immediately imagine a notebook, and not a designer’s laptop. Yes, there is an expression "notebook computer". But they don't say that. This is long and inconvenient.
There are words that have several meanings, and in the Russian language only one has been fixed, and at the same time - not the most basic one. Let's demonstrate with examples.
Concrete in English means concrete, but it has a second meaning - "concrete". However, among carriers we will more use its synonym - specific. Concrete for them is more often concrete.
Argument - mainly means dispute. Sometimes this word is used as an argument. Although this rarely happens, because this value has a popular English counterpart reason.
Intralingual paronyms
The phenomenon of "false friends of translators" can create additional difficulties in translation practice, even in the intralinguistic space.
Let's show an example.
For a Russian-speaking person, an elevator means a lifting mechanism. For an English-speaking audience, lift means lift (an aviation term), the action "to rise". At the same time, the British are familiar with both meanings, although the second is rarely used. But for Americans, an elevator is an elevator. You may not be understood.
For different representatives of the English-speaking community - the British, Americans or Australians - the meanings of the same words may not coincide.
Examples of false friends of an interpreter
Camera - camera; incorrect translation: cell (room)
Data - data, information; invalid: date
Detail - detail; never: detail
Family - family; incorrect: surname
List - list; wrong: sheet
Magazine - magazine; wrong: shop
Meeting - meeting, meeting, meeting, never: rally (demonstration, protest)
Prospect - panoramic view; wrong translation: Avenue
Patron - a regular customer, leader, patron; never: military cartridge
True friends of a translator also exist
Cognates are language pairs that have a common origin and the same meaning.
They are the true friends of the translator, predictable, no catch.
Examples of "translator's true friends":
technology - technology
strategy
computer - computer
Sometimes the etymology of the word "suggests" the correct translation.
So, sympathy has Greek-Latin roots and consists of the elements sym - (together) + pathos (feeling). It's easy to guess what it means. That's right - sympathy, compassion.
- Memorize a few basic dozens of Russian-English pairs
- Rely on context
- The style and genre of the text will prompt the correct meaning
- When translating English texts, consider the heterogeneity of the English-speaking community
- Study the list of dictionaries for this category and always keep them at hand
Translators are the most mysterious and all-powerful people on the planet. Only they can change the meaning of the replicas of the heroes of your favorite movie or the text of a book beyond recognition. Suffice it to recall at least the translations of the Harry Potter novels, over which the translators experimented as best they could.
Legends say that the Rosman publishing house released a circulation with the translation of the name of the main villain of Rowling's novel Voldemort as Voldemort in order to draw a mysterious parallel with Bulgakov's Woland.
But often translators embark on such experiments against their will: “false friends” can mislead them. What words are usually called translator's false friends?
Most often these are words that are close in sound and spelling in different languages, but have different meanings. For example, aborigine in English is a native of Australia, in Russian it is an aborigine, a native. At first glance, such words seem familiar and understandable, but in fact they can change the text beyond recognition and bring chaos to the meaning of what is said or written.
Top 10 False Friends of an English Translator
- AGITATOR- an instigator (not an agitator). The word may be mistranslated, as "agitator" and "instigator" may be used interchangeably in certain contexts. And yet, you should remember about the differences: "instigator" has a negative connotation.
- BEHEMOTH- a monster, a giant. The meaning of "behemoth" is considered obsolete, usage examples are only found in biblical texts. Although in computer game Heroes of Might and Magic, the name of one of the creatures is also often translated as "behemoth".
- BRA- bra. As much as you would like to translate this word as "bra", don't do it. Just imagine what kind of offer it could be.
- DIAMOND- rhombus; diamonds, a card of a diamond suit. Often translators forget about these meanings of the word, using only the obvious "diamond", "brilliant", not to mention the obsolete "diamond".
- COLLABORATION - any collaboration. We are accustomed to perceive this word in the meaning of "assisting the enemy, the enemy."
- NOVELIST- Novelist. This word is never translated as "novelist". The confusion with the values could also arise because the division by literary genres in our country is different from Western Europe. AT foreign literature no short stories, only stories or novels: all works that are larger than a story in terms of volume, plot development and number of characters are considered novels. And short stories often turn out to be works with several storylines.
- PRINCIPAL- head teacher. Sometimes this word can be confused with the word "principle" (principle) even by native speakers, since the words have the same pronunciation.
- PROFANE- blasphemous, obscene. This word is never used in the sense of "profane", there is another word for this - ignoramus.
- ROUTINE- the established order, habitual mode. Sometimes it can be used with a negative connotation in the meaning of "routine", but never used in the meaning of "stagnation, stagnation". Yes, and with a negative connotation, the word is used infrequently, which translators may forget about.
- URBANE- polite, with refined manners. As much as we would like to translate it as “urban, urban”, we should remember that the word urban exists for this.
Linguists do not rule out the possibility that many words were once common to different languages, but the paths of their development diverged and in different languages words acquired different meanings or their shades. The translator's false friends are the best inspiration for creating puns and language riddles. You just need to use them wisely and often check the meaning of words in the dictionary.
| Parameter name | Meaning |
| Article subject: | FALSE FRIENDS OF THE TRANSLATOR |
| Rubric (thematic category) | culture |
There are words in the original language and the target language that are more or less similar in form. Formal similarity is usually the result of the fact that two words have a common origin, they may be derived from Greek or Latin. Since such words can be found in many languages, they are classified as ʼʼinternationalʼʼ. But, as usually happens, not all international words have same values in different languages. In many cases, the semantics of such words do not match, and they are referred to as ʼʼinternationalʼʼ vocabulary. The formal similarity of such words gives reason to think that they are interchangeable, which is deceptive and leads to many translation errors. For this reason, such words were called the translator's false friends.
False friends of the translator: 1) common source; 2) borrowings with various stylistic shades.
Pseudo-international words can be divided into 2 groups: 1) words that are similar in form, but completely different in meaning. Here, the translator has a very high chance of making a mistake if he does not refer to the dictionary. Many mistakes are made when translating such words as ʼʼdecade, complexion, lunatic, accurate, actual-real, realʼʼ.
It would seem that they correspond to ʼʼdecade, complexion, lunaticʼʼ, but they are pseudo-international and are not suitable for translation.
1) It lasted the whole decade. “It went on for a whole decade.
2) She has a very fine complexion. - She has a beautiful complexion.
3) Well, he must be a lunatic. Yes, he must be crazy.
Secondly, there are many pseudo-international words that are not completely interchangeable, although may match the shape and partially by semantics: Meeting, surprise. (Here it is important for the translator to pay attention to the context).
The second group of false friends of the translator includes: original - the first, special - special, special; intelligence - mind, prospect, film - film, conductor - conductor, to construct - build, deputy - deputy, student - studying, student, correspondence - correspondence, correspondence, analogue.
There are several factors, considering which you can choose the correct equivalent when translating the translator's false friends:
1. Semantic factor. Words borrowed into both languages from the same source have undergone a certain development: for example, an English idiom can be translated as an idiom, but also develop such additional value, as a dialect (a local variation of an idiom), individual style. When we say Shakespeare's idiom, then we will translate as ʼʼ dialect, adverb or style ʼʼ.
2. Stylistic factor- the result of differences in emotive and stylistic connotations of words. For example, the English word career is neutral in English, while in Russian the word ʼʼkareraʼʼ has a negative connotation. In this case, the translator will have to abandon the pseudo-international equivalent and look for another match:
Davy took on Faraday as his assistant and thereby opened a scientific career for him. -
Davy took Faraday as his assistant and thus opened the way to science for him.
3. Compatibility factor- should take into account the difference in the lexical compatibility of words in the two languages.
For example, the word defect - defect has a direct correspondence, but theoretical and organizational defects - theoretical and organizational miscalculations.
4. Pragmatic factor- reflects the difference in the background knowledge of the representatives of the two language groups, while the translator has to abandon the more formal equivalent and use a more familiar version of the translation. For example, the carrier in English no need to explain such concepts as The American Revolution, the Reconstruction or the Emancipation Proclamation, related to US history. When translated into Russian, these concepts are usually not explained using their pseudo-international equivalents. Usually, a more descriptive nature of these events is used, which is better understood by the Russian reader:
The American Revolution - American Revolutionary War; The Reconstruction Period - the period after the abolition of slavery;
The Senator knew Lincoln "s Emancipation Proclamation by heart - The Senator knew by heart the declaration proclaimed by Lincoln on the abolition of slavery.
FALSE FRIENDS OF THE TRANSLATOR - concept and types. Classification and features of the category "FALSE FRIENDS OF THE TRANSLATOR" 2017, 2018.
Sofeykova K.V. one
Timeeva T.I. 1
1 Municipal educational institution"Average comprehensive school No. 63 "of the city of Magnitogorsk
The text of the work is placed without images and formulas.
Full version work is available in the "Files of work" tab in PDF format
Introduction
Foreign languages, and especially English, play a huge role in human life. Knowledge of English helps with employment (after all, the number of vacancies with knowledge of English is growing), in communicating with residents of other countries and simply for one's own development.
But it is just as important to know the language well. And for this you need to study many features and nuances. One such feature is a group of words called translator's false friends.
This topic interested me in an English lesson when I found out. that "magazine" translates as a magazine, not as a store. I asked myself the questions “Where do the words consonant in two completely unrelated words come from and how next time not to make a mistake when translating similar words.”
The purpose of this study: to study the "false friends of the translator", to prevent errors arising from similarities with existing Russian words and expressions. This goal involves the following tasks :
Conduct a critical review of the literature on the research topic.
To study what false friends of an interpreter are.
To study the degree of complexity of their translation.
Prevent learners' mistakes and help learners find the right ways to translate them.
Object of study: students of grade 7, their ability to work with texts containing words that belong to the group of "false friends of the translator" Subject of study: a linguistic phenomenon called "translator's false friends".
Methods used in the work: theoretical (literature analysis, generalization, semantization);
Practical (performing text translation).
The relevance of research is that in the near future, my classmates and I will take English as a compulsory subject. In this regard, knowledge of such subtleties of the language will help me and my classmates, among other things, successfully pass the exams. I also want to keep up with the times and be fluent in this language, so I think that this topic is very important in learning English, as it can prevent communication errors in English.
Research hypothesis: The phenomenon of "false friends of an interpreter" is quite a common phenomenon in the English language. Lack of information about this phenomenon can lead to speech and logical errors when communicating and working in this language.
Chapter 1 What is a false friend of an interpreter?
1.1 The origin story of the translator's false friends
The history of translation has its roots in the deep past, to those distant times when the proto-language began to disintegrate into separate languages, and people who spoke several languages became in demand as intermediaries between representatives of different linguistic communities. However, for a number of reasons, the status independent science translation acquired only at the beginning of the twentieth century. In today's environment, with the rapid expansion international relations and intensive exchange of information, translation studies, as it develops, covers all large quantity problems and controversial provisions. In recent decades, the interest of researchers in the category of words combined common name“false friends of the translator” (tracing paper from French faux amis du traducteur). These words are interlingual relative synonyms, homonyms and paronyms of a similar kind. When translating this category of words, false identifications can occur, since interlingual analogisms have some graphic, phonetic, grammatical, and often semantic commonality. Analysis of examples of "false friends of the translator" shows that the most a large number of errors appear when translating international vocabulary. International parallels are easily identified in translation, since they have a common semantic structure. As a result of such identifications, false equivalents often arise due to the fact that significant differences are observed in their semantic structures, which the translator sometimes simply forgets about.
One of the types of education: different development of the word from the parent language in descendant languages, which leads to its different lexical meaning in closely related languages. For example: gift - a gift - in English, in its closely related German it means - poison. During historical development words, its meaning can expand or narrow. So the denotative meaning of a speech unit may not change, but the connotative one may change.
Another reason for the appearance of false friends of the translator is borrowing from other languages. Old-timer - an old man, a veteran, from English, in many other languages \u200b\u200bit got the meaning of an old car.
Also, a borrowed word can find a “second” life in a new language (usually narrower). Rough - rough, cruel (English), in Japanese means "casual" (style of clothing); salary man - salaried worker (originally "mercenary") in English, Japanese for "company worker".
Also, the reason for the emergence of false friends of the translator is the borrowing of words into languages from the same language, that is, borrowing by the language a and languageb of the same word from the language d(for such Russian-English words common ancestor mostly Latin) .
Since borrowed words in the original language can have many meanings, they end up in another language in one meaning, which then begins to develop into a narrow area. For example, the word blank (from French - white) means: in Russian - a form to fill out, in English - a space, in German - polished.
The last reason for false translator friends to appear is coincidence. In English mist is fog, and in German manure; magazine - magazine (from English), in Russian the word "store" means a place for shopping.
1.2 How to recognize "false friends of the translator"
False friends of an interpreter are dangerous both for students who are just beginning to learn the language, and for experienced translators, who even more often make mistakes when translating such words. This happens because translators are confident in their knowledge of the language and do not bother to look into the dictionary once again.
Since there are words that, unlike the false friends of the translator, have similar pronunciations and meaning in languages, then recognize "false friends", with the same pronunciation, but with different meaning very hard.
To correctly translate "false friend", you need to rely on the entire personal experience and use dictionaries. And it is impossible to learn all the false friends of the translator by heart knowing “This is a false friend of the translator”, since there are very, very many of them.
Since false friends can have several meanings, you need to choose one of the meanings based on the specifics of the topic and context.
1.3 False friends of the translator in the structure of the English language. Translation methods.
"False friends of the translator" in English are quite large group words that are quite difficult problem, which becomes more complex, the finer the nuances of differences in the meaning of the colliding words. When translating this category of words, it is necessary to refer to the dictionary, turning Special attention on their ambiguity, and not proceed only from the similarity of their form or sound.
In the course of historical development, some syntactic structures of the English language have acquired a dual function, and often these functions are directly opposite to each other, i.e. ambivalent. Them meaning is revealed depending on the context and situation, but it is still not always easy to establish in which of the functions this construction is used.
In the practice of translation, another type of “false friends” remains unsystematized and unexplored, where the cause of the error is not a word, but a whole statement misunderstood by the translator. The translator's thought and the structures of statements such as You can "t be too careful or I don" t think much of him can be directed along the wrong path. Indeed, it is possible to make a mistake and translate them accordingly as "You can't be too careful" (instead of correct option"It can't hurt to be extra careful") and "I don't think much of him" (instead of "I don't think much of him"). AT last example in a very complicated way for Russian linguistic thinking, the idea is expressed that under the indicated condition, no matter how careful you are, it will never be “too much”. That is, you are advised to be as careful as possible. At the heart of the English utterance is a special emphasis on the concept of "too". The concept of “enough” can also play the same role, with the help of which a variant of a “false friend” is created. For example, the English hostess of the house is tired of overstaying guests, and she can say the following phrase: They can not go fast enough. I mean, no matter how soon they leave, it won't be fast enough for her. It's not that the guests do not know how to move, but simply behind this "false friend" is a wish: "I wish they left."
An experienced translator knows that public house is not " brothel”, and the British variety of beer, and public school is not a public school at all, but a private school in Britain. However, he may be puzzled English saying type: I am satisfied that I alone am guilty of the disaster, since in many cases he translated the expression to be satisfied “to be satisfied, satisfied” and did not meet it in the meaning of “to be convinced, confident”.
In addition, there are often such wrong things done by the translator on the basis of a not so understood syntactic structure of a group of words related in meaning. Syntactic structures are understood as “pure” schemes of statements or their parts, determined by the composition of parts of speech and inflectional forms.
He came in to find her in bed. Unlike purely syntactic structures in lexical syntactic constructions certain lexical units are necessarily included. An example of such a construction is the phrase “subject + verbal predicate + only + infinitive”: He drove all the way to Wyoming, only to find that his friend could not meet with him. To lexical items occurring as a stable part of lexico-syntactic constructions include conjunctions, pronouns, pronominal adverbs and others official words. Now let's see under what circumstances such constructions can mislead the translator: He did not leave you because of my influence. There are two possible translations:
a) He didn't leave you because I influenced him.
b) He didn't leave you because I influenced him.
The difference in the meaning of these two sentences is huge: in the first sentence, it is about how the breakup was prevented, in the second - about why such a breakup took place. What is the reason for the translator's error if he gave the wrong answer and distorted the meaning of the statement? Apparently, this is an incorrect translation of the structure of the statement, which allows two variants of logical-semantic connections between its components. In the first case, the negation refers to the predicate, in the other - to the circumstance.
Now consider another type of indefiniteness of the external structure of the statement, implemented in the sentence: He went to the United States to settle down there. This sentence can be interpreted in two ways:
a) He went to the United States to settle there permanently.
b) He went to the United States and settled there.
The difference in the two statements is determined by different boolean values circumstances expressed by the infinitive: in one case, this is the meaning of the goal (intention), and in the other, the meaning of the subsequent action. ME AND. Retzker proposed special term"ambivalent syntactic constructions". He singled out the following ambivalent syntactic constructions:
- « have verb+ noun + participle" (example: He had his horse killed), which can denote either an action performed without the participation or even against the desire of the subject, or an action initiated by this subject himself ("He sent his horse to the slaughterhouse");
- “verb be + the + ordinal number + infinitive” (example: He was the first to speak), which can have modal meaning obligation (“He should have acted first”) or the meaning of an indicative action (“He spoke first”);
- noun or pronoun plural+ plus a group of homogeneous verbs "(example: He begged and bribed and threatened the others"): such a construction can denote either sequential actions in relation to a group of persons or objects ("Others he persuaded, then coaxed, then threatened them"), or parallel actions in relation to several different persons or objects (“He recruited some with persuasion, others with appeasement, and still others with threats”);
- "as + adjective or adverb + as + any" (example: I learned to dance as well as any of them) - comparative turnover with the meaning of either the equality of objects compared on some basis (“I learned to dance as well as any of them”), or the superiority of one object over others (“I learned to dance like none of them”).
As can be seen from the above examples, an English utterance can lead the translator down the wrong path, either by its entire content as a whole, or due to the presence of words or phrases in it that the translator is used to understanding in a completely different way. This interesting topic is worth exploring further. It may be possible to identify other categories of syntactic structures that cause difficulties in interpretation and translation.
Chapter 2 Studying the skills and abilities of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 63" to translate texts containing "false friends of the translator"
In order to test our hypothesis, as well as to study the skills and abilities of students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 63" to translate texts containing "false friends of the translator", we conducted a study in which students of the 7th grade of MOU "Secondary School No. 63" took part. The essence of the study was that this experiment consisted of two stages. The so-called "before" stage assumed that students would be offered a text for translation (see Appendix 1), containing a large number of "false friends of the translator". At the same time, no action was taken with the guys. preparatory work on this topic. The task was formulated briefly: "translate the sentences." The students were given fifteen minutes to translate nine short sentences.
The analysis of these works showed that in most cases, students intuitively translate "false friends of the translator", focusing not on the data of the dictionary, but on the similarity and consonance of English words with the words of the Russian language. Accordingly, most of the sentences were translated incorrectly, they contained many lexical errors, which made it difficult to understand the meaning of the sentences. Of the 10 proposed “false friends of the translator”, the guys confidently and correctly translated only one word “artist” (artist), which is included in the basic set of lexical elements elementary school. Thus, we observe that only ten percent of the sentences were translated correctly.
After the analysis, a mini-seminar was held for the students on the topic “False Friends of the Translator”, at which the essence of this phenomenon. In addition, a brochure (memo) was developed for the children, containing the most common expressions that belong to the category of false friends of the translator (see Appendix 2).
At the end of this seminar, seventh grade students were again asked to work with sentences containing "false friends of the translator". And, as in the “before” experiment, the children were given about fifteen minutes to complete this task.
After analyzing the performance of the work in the experiment conducted after the mini-seminar, we can safely say that the students have well mastered the features of the translation of these expressions. In the process of work, they actively used the brochure handed out to them. When checking the quality of the translation, it turned out that about 90% of the sentences were translated absolutely correctly. That is, we observe that having studied the information about false friends, and having delved into this topic, students of the 7th grade of the MOU "Secondary School No. 63" were able to successfully complete the task.
So we can draw the following conclusion: the problem of translating "false friends of the translator" exists. There is a need to acquaint students with this phenomenon, to assist them in completing tasks of this type, in order to subsequently avoid mistakes in various speech situations.
Conclusion
Summing up, I would like to say that the false friends of the translator are quite frequent occurrence. And if you do not know the words and expressions that belong to this category, you can assume quite serious lexical errors when translating the text, which can lead to misunderstanding of partners, and accordingly, communicative task will not be executed. Therefore, false friends need to be studied, as they have many features.
At school, false friends of the translator are sometimes not even mentioned. Schoolchildren do not know this group of words well and often make mistakes in them, both students and professional translators. Therefore, the theme of my project is quite relevant. A mini-seminar on the topic "False Friends of the Translator" was useful for seventh grade students of the MOU "Secondary School No. 63". This is evidenced by the experiment.
I completed the tasks before me. In the future, I plan to use given material to prepare for the OGE and the Unified State Examination, as well as when working with authentic texts.
Bibliographic list
en.wikipedia.org›
EnglishFull.ru›…lozhnye-druzya-perevodchika.html
ienglish.ru›Blog›
study-english.info›
blog.englishvoyage.com›
Appendix 1
Proposals proposed by students of the seventh grade of the MOU "Secondary School No. 63" for translation.
All the pills are kept in the medicine cabinet .
She liked potatoes baked in their jackets.
He needed an instrument to extract the stopper.
Eddie thought that sport can transform a weakling into an athlete.
I saw a man with a bad complexion.
The disease can be fatal.
Еhe record will be the participants of the Olympiad tomorrow.
The artist painted the picture.
The officer helped the orphans.
You pretended to be sick.
Appendix 2
False Friends of the Translator
False friends of the translator(- a pair of words in two languages that are similar in spelling and/or pronunciation, often with a common origin, but different in meaning.
Examples of "False Friends" of the translator.
|
English word |
Correct translation |
|
Camera |
|
|
medicine cabinet |
|
|
athlete |
|
|
face colour |
|
|
fatal |
|
|
artist |
|
|
official |
|
|
pretend |
|
|
compositor |
|
|
Conductor |
|
|
Colon |
|
|
crazy |
|
|
Cookies (almond) |
|
|
hospital duck |
|
|
Motorist |
|
|
View, overview, panorama |
|
|
Repetition |
|
|
Reproduction, exact copy |
|
|
Assumption |
|
|
bad feeling |
|
|
jet, jerk |
|
|
Virtuous |
|
|
Van, wagon |
|
|
Wallet |
