Probably, every person at least once, but thought about the impact of the full moon on life on Earth. Despite the fact that most of the aspects of its impact have not yet been proven, and in the scientific community there is no consensus on this matter, however, certain points are recognized by everyone without exception.

In research on the influence of the Earth's satellite on behavior, two theories stand out most of all, but no definite links have been made between the full moon and earthly life. What is said in such theories and what do they rely on?

Full moon and life on earth

Each of us has heard stories like the fact that it is on the full moon that more children are born. There is also an opinion that it is on the full moon that the number of crimes increases. But for the most part, these are only opinions and assumptions that have not been confirmed by serious statistical studies.

For example, in France, between 1985 and 1990, researchers counted more than 4.5 million babies born, and with an average of 2,106 full moon births, there was a tiny increase of 0.14 percent, which makes no difference in terms of statistics does not play.

Similar studies have been carried out in the United States, namely in North Carolina between 1997 and 2001, which gave identical results. The situation is similar with regard to other issues, since the only exceptions are those cases where the impact of the Earth's satellite is actually real and has received its explanation from the point of view of science. AT this case we can talk about tides, since it is with the location of the Sun and Moon in relation to our planet that changes in sea level are associated.

The gravitational field of the Moon and the Sun attracts huge masses of water, which causes their level to rise, called the tide. It is worth noting that in this case the lakes are not large enough for the impact to be really noticeable.

What else does the moon do?

It has already been said that the influence of the Moon on the tides is observed, moreover, the mechanism of their formation today is thoroughly studied. It is also recorded that the development of certain species is influenced, and, in addition, it is noted that certain animals, for example, owls, hunt more actively directly on the full moon. What can be associated with this and can it be observed in any other animal species?

The influence of the Earth's satellite depends directly on the phase sequence, which, in turn, creates illumination at night. Naturally, it is during the full moon that such illumination is most noticeable. The moon itself does not glow - it only reflects sunlight. Experts who study animal behavior actually talk about noticeable differences in it depending on the phases of the moon. For example, birds of prey such as owls use moonlight to hunt at night. The sight of these birds is perfectly adapted to low light, which, in turn, gives them a certain advantage when attacking prey.

There is also a hypothesis that the Moon contributes to the stabilization of the Earth. So, in relation to the size of the Earth, the Moon is a fairly large satellite. The diameter of the natural satellite of our planet is 3474 kilometers, while the diameter of the Earth itself is 12742 kilometers. In the solar system, this kind of proportion is really a rarity, for example, only Pluto has a truly large satellite, which, in turn, no longer has the status of a full-fledged planet, but is a small planet. In relation to the Earth, planetary scientists believe that it is the Moon that contributes to the stabilization of the earth's orbit, as well as the tilt of the axis of rotation, which affects the formation of the seasons.

Some scientists believe that the tilt of the axis of rotation would change dramatically without the Moon within a couple of million years. In turn, this could lead to climate instability and make the environment not so favorable for life to develop. We should not forget that the moon also affected the length of the day. For example, 400 million years ago, a day on Earth lasted two hours less.

Would there be life on Earth without the Moon?

AT this issue scientists prefer to adhere to the theory of a unique Earth, from which it follows that there are a large number of confluences of various favorable circumstances for the origin of life on the planet, namely: the atmosphere, the relative stability of climatic conditions, a suitable distance from the star, liquid water, and so on, and it is quite unlikely that that this could all happen again. Some experts also mention the stabilizing role of the Moon, as an additional confirmation of the hypothesis of the uniqueness of our planet. And yet, it is worth saying that there is simply no definite evidence that life would not have arisen on Earth without the Moon.

Recently, scientists in habitable zone star, a planet was discovered, the size of which is approximately equal to the size of the Earth. The researchers named it Kepler-186f. All instruments that are this moment available to scientists do not allow us to determine whether a given planet has an atmosphere. Now more and more exoplanets are being discovered that are at the right distance from the star, and, most likely, such planets are not uncommon. However, the importance of the presence of the moon has yet to be proven.

Moon - natural satellite our planet. Its influence is so great that astronomers often speak of the Earth-Moon bond not as a planet and satellite, but as a double planet. Until now, disputes about its origin have not subsided. Let's try to figure them out.

What is this strange "planet"?

The moon affects almost every area of ​​life on Earth, and history human civilization was no exception. Even mammoth hunters counted days by the phases of the moon. For the first civilizations, the Earth's satellite was a deity, in whose power was the most important thing - the agricultural cycle. In most ancient civilizations, the Moon was considered a powerful goddess, to whom temples were erected and sacrifices (sometimes human) were made. Eclipses of the Moon caused horror - the deity covered his face in anger, disasters are coming! In the Middle Ages, the Moon was considered the habitat of angels; in the Enlightenment, they indulged in dreams of a Selenite race living on the night star. scientific progress quickly destroyed these naive notions. The moon turned out to be a small planet, lifeless and unattractive (with human point vision). But it also turned out that the influence of our satellite on the processes taking place on Earth is very large - probably, without the Moon, the biosphere could not exist on Earth, and our planet would look like Mars or Venus. After all, it is the presence of the Moon that determines the most important climatic parameter - the inclination of the planet's axis of rotation relative to the plane of its orbit, which determines the nature of the change of seasons.

From the laws celestial mechanics it is known that the tilt of the axis of rotation of the planets is subject to fluctuations, an example of which is our neighbor Mars. As calculations performed by astronomers show, the angle between the equator of Mars and the plane of its orbit has changed significantly. But the surface of the Red Planet contains numerous signs of a different past - channels, channels, sedimentary rocks (traces of ancient seas!). In the distant past, the planet's climate was warmer, and liquid water, and possibly life, existed on its surface. But there was some kind of catastrophe, and Mars turned into an icy desert. Research shows that the most probable cause"freezing" Mars was a change in the angle of the Martian axis. For the Earth, even an insignificant change in the angle of inclination of the axis to the plane of the ecliptic (by an amount of the order of a degree) can provide ice Age. Meanwhile, Mars was turning tens of degrees, so grandiose climatic disasters on it were inevitable. But for the Earth, the angle of inclination of the axis relative to the plane of the orbit varied by no more than one or two degrees, which ensured amazing (by the standards of other planets) climate stability. A natural question arises - what is the reason for the unique stability of our planet?

How does the moon help us?

Most scientists believe that we must thank the Moon for the stability of the earth's rotation (and, accordingly, climate) - it is thanks to her that chaotic fluctuations in the angle of inclination do not threaten the Earth. Hypothetical absence from the Earth major satellite would create conditions for very strong fluctuations in the angle between the equator and the orbit, which would make the climate on Earth unsuitable for life.

The beneficial role of the Moon was not limited to this, contributing to the emergence of life: it caused tides that contributed to the aeration of the seas. Perhaps even life itself first originated in the intertidal zone! The movement of the moon across the sky affects life cycles many organisms - horseshoe crabs (marine arthropods, distantly related to crayfish and crabs), which spawn only during a certain phase of the moon, are a striking example.

It undoubtedly influenced the history of mankind. As an ideal celestial chronometer, the Earth's satellite significantly accelerated the appearance of the first calendars. Observations of the Moon (the closest celestial body) played a huge role in the development of astronomy. From them, ancient scientists concluded that the planets are spherical, and the movement of the moon and its connection with sea tides made it possible in the 17th century to formulate laws gravity.

Later observations of the Moon contributed to the development of planetary science - after all, no other planet (except the Earth) has been studied in such detail! However, with the accumulation of knowledge about the moon, a number of questions arose. The origin of the Moon remained the biggest mystery - many hypotheses of the origin of the night star were put forward, but not one of them could explain all the facts. What are the main features of our satellite that caused such difficulties for scientists?

We list the main ones:

• the average density of the Moon is much less than the average density of the Earth, since the Moon has a very small core (if the Earth has about 30% of the planet's mass, then the Moon has no more than 2-3%);
• the content of heavy elements (thorium, uranium, titanium) is increased on the Moon;
• but the ratio of oxygen isotopes in the earth and lunar crust is almost the same (and in fact, different planets and meteorites from different parts solar system it varies greatly).
• the lunar crust is much thicker than the earth's, which presumably indicates that all of its constituent matter was once melted (but the Earth is believed to have never been completely melted);
• finally, the plane of the moon's orbit does not coincide with the equatorial plane of the earth.

Among the numerous assumptions about the mechanism of the origin of our satellite, three hypotheses in different time gained the greatest popularity among scientists. Let's talk about them.

Hypotheses of the origin of the moon

According to one of these hypotheses, our companion was once an "independent" small planet of the solar system, revolving around the sun. However, at some point, the free Moon came too close to the Earth - and the force of gravity captured it and transferred it to a new orbit, where the Moon was destined to revolve around our planet as a satellite.

Alas, the calculations showed that this hypothesis cannot explain the features of the lunar orbit, and the similarity of the elements of the earth and lunar crust discovered after flights to the moon put a fat cross on the “capture” version. Another popular hypothesis was that joint formation Earth and Moon (this hypothesis was put forward by the great Immanuel Kant). In accordance with it, the Moon and the Earth were formed simultaneously - from one gas and dust cloud. The emerging proto-Earth gained such a mass that the particles of the cloud began to rotate already in their orbits around it, gradually forming the proto-Moon.

This hypothesis is partly confirmed by the similarity of the isotopes of the Earth and the Moon, but this model does not explain the features of the lunar orbit at all.

To explain these contradictions, the American astronomers Bill Hartmann and Donald Davis in 1975 put forward the impact (i.e., “impact”) hypothesis, which is currently considered the main one. According to her, when the solar system was just emerging, from a gas and dust cloud revolving around the sun, two protoplanets formed at once in the orbit of the future Earth - one of them was the young Earth, and the other (it was smaller, about the size of Mars) received the name Theia. Under the influence of gravity, the planets began to converge, and 4.4 billion years ago, a grandiose catastrophe finally occurred - a collision of the planets. The blow, fortunately, fell on a tangent. Theia was destroyed, and the molten bowels of the earth from the impact splashed onto earth orbit. The Moon was formed from this substance in about a hundred years. The impact spun the Earth - that's where the quick (in comparison, for example, with Venus) change of days and nights comes from. This hypothesis explains well both the inclination of the lunar orbit, the similarity of oxygen isotopes on Earth and the Moon, and the strange internal structure Moon. However, new research published in the journal Nature deals a death blow to these views.

After conducting a detailed study of samples of lunar rocks mined by expeditions of the Apollo series spacecraft in the 70s of the 20th century, specialists from the University of Washington issued a negative verdict on the impact hypothesis: “If the old theory were correct, then more than half of the lunar rocks would consist of material from the impactor planetoid earth. But instead, we see that the isotopic composition of the moon's fragments is very specific. The heavy isotopes of potassium found in the samples could only have formed when exposed to incredibly high temperatures. Only a very powerful collision, in which the planetoid and most of the Earth would evaporate on contact, can cause a similar effect.

As a result, scientists proposed a new theory: instead of a colossal collision of planets, there were multiple collisions with smaller asteroids. The asteroid bombardment threw enough debris into the Earth's orbit to form several small satellites, which eventually merged into one large one. This "Protoluna" continued to absorb objects in orbit until it was left in splendid isolation.

The moon is a natural satellite of our planet and at the same time is the brightest object in the night sky. In the solar system, the Moon is the fifth largest natural satellite of the planets. In addition, it is the Moon that is the very first and only extraterrestrial space object that the person has visited. The period of revolution of the Moon around the globe is almost 28 days (27.3216 is a sidereal month). Due to the fact that the Moon is not a self-luminous object in the night sky, but only reflects the light of the sun's rays, from the earth we can see only the illuminated side of the satellite.

There is practically no atmosphere on the Moon and it is precisely because of this that its surface, on which the rays of the sun fall, heats up to 120 ° C, and at night or in the shade this hot surface rapidly cools to 160 ° C.

Most known fact the influence of the moon on earth processes are the ebb and flow of the seas. The fact is that the gravitational influence of the Moon on the Earth is more intense on the side of the Earth that is currently turned towards the Moon, and on opposite side gravitational attraction The moon does not render. For this reason, the oceans are stretched in the direction of the moon, which is why sea ​​tides.

Exploration of the moon began in antiquity. The first lunar maps appeared in 1651 thanks to Giovanni Riccioli.

By the way, it was G. Riccioli who first gave names to the largest lunar regions, calling them "seas", this term before today Used to indicate places on the moon. Further, with the advent of photography, studies of the moon became more intense, since photographs made it possible to study the surface of the moon in more detail, and in 1881 Jules Janssen first compiled a photographic atlas of the lunar surface.

With the beginning of the space age, knowledge about our space satellite has increased significantly. Exactly at space race, which was carried out by the USSR and the USA, for the championship in space and on the moon, we became aware of the composition lunar soil, since it was managed to be delivered to the ground, and not studied on a satellite. Also thanks to these countries that fought for supremacy, a map was drawn up of the far side of the moon, the one that is not visible from Earth.

First visited satellite spacecraft"Luna-2". This event took place on September 13, 1959, and it was possible to look beyond the side of the Moon, invisible from the earth, only in 1959, when the Luna-3 space station (USSR) flew over it and was able to photograph it.

After a man first visited the moon and the space programs "Luna" (USSR) and "Apollo" (USA) ended, the exploration of the moon practically ceased. But since the beginning of this century, China has announced its readiness to explore the moon, as well as build several manned lunar bases there. After this statement, the space organizations of the leading countries, and in particular the USA (NASA) and ESA (European Space Agency) deployed their space programs again.

What will come of it?

Let's see in 2020. It was for this year that George Bush planned to land people on the moon. This date is ten years ahead of China, since their space program said that the creation of habitable lunar bases and landing people on them would take place only in 2030.

According to the adherents of the theory of evolution, the age of the Earth is 4.5 billion years. However mathematical evaluation Earth's rotation speed shows that this number is much less.

The earth rotates around its axis in a day, and the moon slowly rotates around our planet ( full turn in 29.5 days); Lunar gravity acts on the part of the Earth closest to the Moon much stronger than on the most distant. As a result, two small bulges are formed in the world's oceans: one on the side of the globe that is closest to the moon, and the other in the most distant part. The different lunar attraction for different parts of the planet causes two daily tides instead of one, which would be expected with equal attraction. Solar gravity produces the same effect, but much weaker. When the attraction of the Sun and Moon strengthen each other, we observe high spring tides, and when they are at right angles to each other (with respect to the Earth), we observe waning tides.

The interaction of the Earth and the Moon has a number of consequences, indicating that this system could not have existed for billions of years. Let's analyze three main interrelated aspects: the distance to the Moon, the equatorial bulge of the Earth and tidal braking.

Distance to the Moon

The tides, moving around the globe to the west, reach eastern shores continents that stop their movement. Tidal waves are, of course, very slow and relatively low. Those big waves that we can see are usually due to winds and storms on the high seas. The impact of the tides on the eastern shores slows the rotation of the Earth. The deceleration of the Earth is accompanied by the transfer of energy to the Moon. Lunar gravity creates two tidal bulges. The rotation of the Earth shifts the bulge closest to the Moon somewhat forward, accelerating orbital movement Moon. The far bulge is behind the Moon, and slows it down; but because it is further away, it has less effect on the Moon.

Therefore, the Moon is moving faster and faster, shifting to a more distant orbit from the Earth. So, energy is transferred from the slowing down Earth to the Moon, which is accelerating and moving away from the Earth. The increase in distance was precisely measured using a laser beam reflected from a mirror mounted on the Moon. The removal turned out to be 40 millimeters per year. If the Earth-Moon system lasts long enough, they will eventually rotate in synchrony, and the length of the day will be 50 times longer than today.

The moon is located at a distance of 382 thousand km from the Earth and moves away by 4 centimeters per year. This value is not constant, as the Moon moves away, it decreases in proportion to the sixth power of the distance.

The gravitational pull of the Moon and Earth creates tension in rocks both planets. If the Moon had been much closer in the past, this stress would have torn it apart. The smallest distance that an object can approach another by revolving around it is called the Roche limit, and it can be calculated for any astronomical objects. For the Earth-Moon system, the value of such minimum distance is 18,400 km. Taking into account the current distance to the Moon (382 thousand km), we are convinced that the Earth-Moon system has existed for no more than 320 million years. Like many things related to the age of the Earth, this problem confounds supporters of the theory of evolution, which requires much longer periods of time.

Influence of the Moon on the equatorial bulge of the Earth

William Thompson (Lord Kelvin) is one of the most eminent scientists of his time. He introduced the absolute temperature scale and formulated the first and second laws of thermodynamics. He calculated the age of the Earth based on the rate of rotation of its axis. Let's imagine for a moment that the Earth arose 4.5 billion years ago in the form of a molten ball (this is what evolutionists believe). The moon should have been much closer to the Earth and, accordingly, caused much larger tides. Due to this attractive force, a large bulge of molten rock would form at the equator. Then, when the planet began to cool, it would solidify. Since the existing bulge is very small, we can conclude that everything was different. Lord Kelvin showed that even if the Earth existed a billion years ago and was still liquid, then the speed of its rotation would be sufficient to form a bulge at the equator, which would still be preserved. As the rotation slowed, the oceans would move towards the poles, exposing a belt of land around the equator. As we can see, this did not happen.

Deceleration of the Earth's rotation under the influence of tidal braking

This phenomenon is main problem for evolutionists. As we have already said, the tides, reaching the eastern coasts of the continents, slow down the rotation of the Earth. Mathematical studies of this issue are quite complicated, because the exact force of the impact of the tides, the unevenness of the earth's surface, energy loss due to friction, etc.

But even according to rough estimates, it turns out that not so long ago - by no means 4.5 billion years ago - the Earth rotated much faster. The higher the rotation speed, the greater the tidal drag, so that the estimated past rotation speed increases very quickly. This puts another limitation on the lifetime of the Earth-Moon system.

An unsolvable problem for evolutionists is described in the work of Schlichter 1. The results of his research are shown in the graph on the left. Three different estimates of the decelerating forces are given, and even the most generous estimate gives a rapid increase in the rotation rate 2.3 billion years ago. The then huge speed of the Earth's rotation has since slowly decreased to its present value - 1 revolution in 24 hours. The most rigorous estimate gives the number 1.4 billion years. Schlichter does not explain these results. It only assumes that some factors unknown to us have influenced the system quite recently, and this led to an underestimation of the calculated value. From all this we can conclude that the slowing effect of the Moon limits the possible age of the Earth to a much shorter period than the 4.5 billion years required by evolutionists. A small increase in rotation speed over the past few millennia easily fits into the creation model.

The deceleration of the Earth's rotation is confirmed by atomic clocks, according to which the day lengthens by a second every 50,000 years. That is, ten thousand years ago, the day was 1/5 of a second shorter, which is quite consistent with creationist ideas. But if we trace the exponential decay of the speed of rotation back, then billions of years ago it should have been immeasurably higher. At such a speed, neither the Earth's atmosphere, nor the oceans, nor even mountains could exist.

The stabilizing influence of the moon

If the Earth had a perfect spherical shape, its axis of rotation could not resist the tendency to shift. Even a small asteroid, crashing into the Earth, could change the slope of its rotation angle, causing chaos on the planet's surface. The equatorial bulge of the Earth and the proximity of the Moon limit these fluctuations to a few degrees. 2

Satellites of other planets

Numerous natural satellites revolve around the planets. It used to be assumed that these moons were “trapped” by the planets, but van Flandern proved that “under normal conditions, the gravitational capture of one body by another is virtually impossible” 3. Most satellites orbit the planets in the same (prograde) direction in which the planets themselves rotate around the sun.

However, some satellites rotate in the "wrong" (retrograde) direction. The handbooks give the angle of inclination of the orbital plane of the satellites; for example, an angle of 175° means a retrograde rotation at an angle of 5° (= 180° - 175°) to the equatorial plane of the planet.

Here are some more interesting facts:

Jupiter has 12 prograde and 4 retrograde moons. The orbit of one of the prograde moons, Io, is relatively close to Jupiter. This puts limits on the lifetime of the Jupiter-Io system.

NEPTUNE has 7 prograde satellites and one retrograde - Triton; this large moon is gradually descending towards Neptune.

URANUS has 15 moons and 10 full rings located in the equatorial plane, but this plane is inclined almost at right angles to the ecliptic (the plane of revolution around the Sun). It is impossible to explain how such a system could have arisen naturally.

SATURN deserves a separate story- it's hard to list them all interesting features its moons and rings. Saturn's rings are made up of boulders that reflect Sun rays. Many interesting features do not fit into the framework of generally accepted theory. The two outer moons, Epimetheus and Janus, orbit the planet in almost identical orbits. Every four years, when one moon overtakes another, they simply exchange their orbits - the near moon changes with the far speed and direction! Do moons with such critical orbits perform their complex maneuvers for billions of years?

With the advent of ever more powerful space probes everything arises more questions about how the solar system was able to form naturally. The Earth-Moon system cannot exist for billions of years. The creation of the solar system several thousand years ago to ensure life on Earth is much more consistent with the results of astronomical research.

Literature:

1. Slichter L. Secular effects of Tidal Friction upon the Earth Rotation. Journal of Geophysical Research. 15 Jult 1963, vol. 68, no. 14, pp. 4281-4288.
2. See Golovin S. global flood- myth, legend or reality? Simferopol: Crimean Society for Creation Science, 1994. Ss. 50-51.
3. See moon. Simferopol: Crimean Society for Creation Science, 1995.

Malcolm Bowden. The Earth, Moon and Tides.
(From his "True Science Supports the Bible")

Creation Science Movement (UK), Pamphlet 308. Translated from English by Jan Shapiro.
COCS. 1997.
When reprinting a link is required

The influence of the moon.

The moon is a night light. Making a revolution around the Earth, changing its appearance from night to night, the Moon implicitly affects many earthly processes: the tides of the sea, life flora and even to change our moods. The moon has a connection with a person's health, with his fate, bestowing good luck in certain deeds and activities. If each of us has a guardian angel, then for the Earth this role is played by her mysterious companion - the Moon.

Moon month lasts 29.5 days. That is how much time passes from one New Moon to the next. The moon, as you know, shines by the reflected light of the sun. At the time of the New Moon, the Moon is not visible to the earthly observer. At this moment, the light of the Sun does not fall on the side of the Moon facing the Earth at all.

New moon this is the moment of the symbolic birth of the moon. When it is still weak, and its influence on all earthly processes is weak. But at the same time, "being born" the Moon gives energy to the plans and dreams born with it. Therefore, on the New Moon, you should think about the future, about what you want to achieve in the near future.

During this period, many people feel sadness, anxiety, self-doubt, fatigue, loss of strength. Especially, this applies to people who are sensitive to lunar rhythms. On the days of the New Moon, you can see how nervous some men are. The fact is that men do not like to lose the clarity of what is happening. And the newborn Moon is projecting some magical nebula of the future.
When the Moon appears in the sky as a thin crescent, and every day, along with the increase in the lunar month, strength increases, energy and optimism are added. There is a desire to implement their plans, to change something.

AT Full moon The moon is maximally illuminated by the Sun, then its influence is most powerful. Many people experience emotional overload, unexpected mood swings. Women who are most affected by the full moon are especially emotional.

During the days of the full moon, the earth's gravity decreases. Perhaps that is why in fairy tales the power of the full moon gives people the ability to fly. And most often, it was women who flew - witches, which is very symbolic.

More events happen on the Full Moon, people do not want to stay at home, noisy companies appear on the streets. There are also more events and incidents happening in the world, as you can see by turning on the TV or listening to the radio.

Then the Moon begins to wane, and, little by little, day by day, energy decreases, emotions become more stable. AT last days lunar month, you can feel heaviness, fatigue, depression.

From New Moon to Full Moon, the Moon is called Growing, because her crescent, as we can see, grows larger every night.

And vice versa, in the days waning Moon (from the Full Moon to the New Moon), the crescent of the Moon decreases - decreases.
The energy of the Growing Moon gives strength to both a new sprout and a new plan, idea, and deed. Therefore, it is better to plant plants and start business on the Growing Moon.

A business begun during the waning moon is more difficult to complete. You will have to put more of your energy into it. You can compare starting a new business at the wrong time, i.e. under the waning moon with the process of sailing a boat against the current. Any rower will agree that it is easier and faster to go with the flow.

First phase (quarter) The moon lasts from the New Moon until the moment when half of the growing moon becomes visible in the sky. This quarter, the Moon can be compared to a small child, she made a symbolic birth at the time of the New Moon and is now gaining strength.
These days, the Moon helps the processes of learning, planning, collecting various information, mental work, the study of the surrounding world.

Second quarter lasts from the moment when you can see half of the moon until the full moon. The moon is here in all its glory. And if we draw a parallel with a person's life, these are the young, most active years. These days, the Moon is favorable to any active actions and people who do not sit still in the 2nd quarter.

Third phase continues from the Full Moon to the moment when half of the Old Moon is visible in the sky. This is the age of maturity. The moon has already passed its peak, and now favors those who share their knowledge and experience with others. This is a period of interaction, communication and active recreation.

Fourth phase continues from the night when half of the waning moon is visible until the moon completely disappears from view at the new moon. The moon has little power. Now she is like a wise man. Therefore, in this phase, you need to analyze your mistakes in order to become a little wiser. You need to reduce activity and reduce the hours of communication, leaving time for solitude and reflection. You can do relaxation and meditation to prepare for the new lunar month.

Following the lunar rhythm, we can gain strength every month, get rid of problems and poor health. This means, for example, in the 2nd phase, do not sit still, act, play sports. And in the 4th phase, on the contrary, more rest and relieve stress.

Unspent energy on the Waxing Moon can cause illness on the Waning. Overexpenditure on the waning moon will also lead you to feeling unwell, which will manifest itself after the new moon.

Plants know about lunar rhythms without any clue, and we can look into the lunar calendar.

moon day starts at moonrise in a given area and continues until the next sunrise. This is a Western tradition. In some Eastern calendars, the lunar day lasts a day (from 0 o'clock one day to 0 o'clock the next). Therefore, when you refer to their sources, you can read very different descriptions of lunar days.

A lunar month has either 29 or 30 days. It all depends on whether the Moon has time to rise in this area one more time before the New Moon.

The first lunar day does not begin at sunrise, but at the time of the New Moon. Therefore, the first lunar day and the thirtieth may be short.

The energy of the lunar day is a kind of background. bad events, of course, happen on the most favorable lunar days, but then everything ends well and is easily resolved. If we return to the rower analogy, then actions on unfavorable lunar days are like swimming in a stormy ocean. Therefore, it is better not to appoint important matters such as moving, wedding, buying a car, real estate, signing an important contract these days.

Actions on favorable lunar days can be compared to swimming in calm water on a sunny, warm day. And sailing is easy and pleasant to the soul. Of course, where you go is up to you. But you will get help.

Days are considered unfavorable for important matters. lunar phase changes- the day of the New Moon, Full Moon, and the days of the beginning of the 2nd and 4th quarters (exactly half of the moon in the sky.

Same way, bad times, the period is considered Moons without a course, or an idle moon. This is the period when the Moon is preparing to change the sign of the zodiac and does not enter into a new interaction with other planets until it changes sign.

We can say that the Moon has no support from either the Sun or the planets. So the things started at this time will not have any support.

During the Moon without a course, there is a lot of confusion and confusion in business and everyday life. What is planned is not carried out, what is done has to be redone. Many accidents happen under a blank moon and immediately after, as a result wrong actions during the moon without a course. The single Moon greatly harms its "lunar affairs", on which it has the greatest impact. Don't get a new haircut, don't get married when the moon is idling.

Special moments are eclipses Moon. There are two to four lunar eclipses every year. According to the astronomical classification, lunar eclipses are total, partial and penumbral. The effect of any eclipse can be compared to a kind of fog that envelops our planet.

These days, the adverse effects on health and the psyche are increasing.

It becomes more difficult to figure out what is good, what is bad, what suits and does not suit us. Therefore, on the days of the eclipse, you need to pause, not to take important decisions not start new business. The consequences of what we change in our lives during the days of eclipses can be called fatal. Some people feel in the days of the eclipse something like a black cloud over their heads, a kind of pressure. Others don't notice at all. Full eclipse has the greatest negative impact, private is weaker, and penumbral is even weaker.

The moon is natural and the only satellite planet Earth. In our sky, this is the second brightest celestial body (the first is the Sun).

It is separated from our planet by 384 thousand kilometers (which is equal to 30 diameters of the Earth), quite close. This is confirmed by the fact that the first automatic stations The Moon was visited half a century ago. Although the human foot on the satellite of our planet, probably, has not set foot yet.

Physical characteristics of the moon

If we compare the Moon with the satellites of other planets, we can understand that it is quite large (the fifth largest of all). Its area is about 13.5 times smaller than the earth's, but the satellite is 81 times smaller in mass.

A satellite makes a complete revolution around the Earth in 27.3 days.

The temperature on the surface is minus. Moreover, it ranges from -240 ° C to 117 ° C. Of course, it is impossible to live in such conditions. In addition, there is practically no atmosphere on it.

Generally speaking, the surface of the satellite is a rather dull sight. It is a mixture of dust and rocky debris (from meteorite impacts on the surface). And this is combined with the black sky (due to the lack of atmosphere, eternal night reigns there).

The influence of the moon on planet earth

The most famous effect is ebbs and flows. The moon creates two bulges at opposite ends of the planet: one is located in a place facing the satellite, and the second is at the opposite end of the Earth. Thus, it is clear that these bulges are constantly shifting.

For land, this effect is almost imperceptible, but for water it has some effect. AT open ocean it's just 30-40 centimeters - almost nothing. But when the wave approaches the shore, it rolls onto a hard bottom, due to which it greatly increases its height.
The maximum amplitude is 18 meters, this is observed in the Bay of Fundy.

The moon always faces the Earth with only one side. This is because to rotate around its axis, it needs to spend the same time that it takes to rotate in orbit around the Earth. Thus, from the surface of the planet, we will not be able to see the back side of our satellite - only in the pictures.

moon gradually receding from the earth, about 4 centimeters per year.

Although the Moon illuminates the Earth at night, it is not itself a source of light. It only reflects sunlight to our planet. Well, the amount of reflected light depends on the phase of the moon (the full moon has the most light).

There are organizations that sell plots on the moon. The owner receives a certificate of ownership, however, such certificates are not valid.

It is believed that the Moon was formed as a result of a collision of a certain cosmic body with the Earth. A piece of that object is the Moon.

What effect does the moon have on the earth? Hypotheses for the formation of the Moon

Under the influence of the Moon's attraction, the Earth's body experiences elastic deformation, taking the form of a symmetrical egg, elongated towards the Moon along a line connecting the centers of the Moon and the Earth. undergoes a particularly noticeable deformation. water shell. At the point of the ocean surface closest to the moon and at the diametrically opposite point, a swelling of the water mass (tidal ledge) is formed, and on a circle located in the middle between these points, perpendicular to the Earth-Moon line, a decrease in the water surface occurs.

Due to the rotation of the Earth, tidal bulges turn into a tidal wave that goes around the globe, moving towards the rotation of the earth, i.e. from east to west. The passage through some place of the crest of a wave creates a tide here, the passage of a hollow of a wave creates an ebb. During lunar day There are two rises and two falls in sea level. The time interval between the two highest (or lowest) level states is 12 hours and 25 minutes. A tidal wave running across the World Ocean towards the rotation of the Earth slows down this rotation. Earth days gradually become longer by 1 s every 40 thousand years.

The origin of the moon is the subject of a number of hypotheses:

The formation of the moon from the same gas-dust cloud proceeded simultaneously with the earth

The earth was spinning very fast and shed some of its matter

There was a capture of the moon, as a foreign body, by the earth

There was a gliding impact on the earth of a cosmic body, the mass of which corresponds to the mass of Mars and the release of the substance of the Earth's mantle into near-Earth space, followed by the formation of the moon from this substance.

8-9. How is the general theory of relativity and the model of the expansion of the universe related? What models support the big bang model?

L. Einstein (1878-1955), based on the theory of relativity, proposed a model of the Universe, which is a closed three-dimensional space, finite in volume and unchanged in time. In 1922, the Russian mathematician A. A. Fridman (1888-1925), based on the postulate of the homogeneity of the Universe, based on the equations of the general theory of relativity, received an interesting conclusion; curved space cannot be stationary, it must either expand or contract. This fundamentally new result was confirmed in 1929, after the redshift was discovered by the American astronomer E. Hubble spectral lines in the radiation of the galaxies around us. The redshift is explained on the basis of the Doppler effect, which states that when any source of vibrations moves away from us, the frequency of vibrations perceived by us decreases, and the wavelength increases.
In 1964, American astrophysicists L. Penzias and R. Wilson experimentally discovered background electromagnetic radiation (relic), which is the same in all directions and does not depend on the time of day. This radiation is equivalent to the radiation of a completely black body with a temperature of about 3 K. It is observed at wavelengths from a few millimeters to tens of centimeters. Origin relic radiation associated with the evolution of the universe, which in the past had a very high temperature and density.

7. What are stars? What are they? Source of stellar energy.

What is the outlook for the evolution of the Sun?

Stars- These are gas balls that shine with their own light. Separate groups stars - constellations, distinguished in antiquity. supergiants have a mass equal to 60 solar masses. dwarf stars much smaller than the sun. Neutron stars or pulsars– their diameter is only 20-30 km. According to the nature of the glow, they distinguish: variable stars (change their brightness and emission spectrum), red giants, yellow and white dwarfs (formed as a result of the decay of red giants). "Cold" stars are red with t 3-4 thousand degrees, the sun with t 6 thousand degrees is yellowish, the hottest stars with t above 12 thousand degrees are white and bluish. Protostars - have a low temperature and consist of faintly luminous gas. protostar- the initial state in the birth of a star, formed as a result of the condensation of cosmic matter, have a low temperature and consist of a faintly luminous gas.

The source of the star's luminosity is the thermonuclear reactions of the conversion of hydrogen into helium, occurring at high temperatures.

The lifespan of the Sun is determined by the conversion of hydrogen into helium in its interior. Calculations showed that atomic fuel should be enough for another 5 billion years. When hydrogen supplies are low, helium core will contract, and the outer layers, on the contrary, expand, and the Sun will turn first into a "red giant", and then into a "white dwarf", having passed the usual way star evolution.

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Similar information.

The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth. The planet's closest satellite to the sun, since the planets closest to the sun, Mercury and Venus, have no satellites. The second brightest object in the earth's sky after the sun and the fifth largest natural satellite of a planet in the solar system. The average distance between the centers of the Earth and the Moon is 384,467 km (0.00257 AU, ~ 30 Earth diameters).

The moon excited the minds of the most ancient thinkers long before the appearance of modern astronomy. Legends were formed about her, storytellers glorified her. At the same time, many features of the behavior of the night star were noticed. Even then, people began to understand how the influence of the moon on the earth is expressed. In many ways, for ancient scientists, it manifested itself in the management of certain aspects of the behavior of people and animals, the impact on magical rituals. However, the Moon and its influence were considered not only from the point of view of astrology. So, already in the period of Antiquity, the relationship between the lunar cycle and the tides was noticed. Today, science knows almost everything about the impact of the night star on our planet.

Perhaps everyone knows that the night luminary always looks at the Earth with only one of its sides. back side Moon for a long time was not available for study. The situation was reversed by the rapid development of astronautics in the last century. Now there are sufficiently detailed maps of the entire lunar surface.

Ebb and flow

The tides are so strong in some places that the water recedes hundreds of meters from the coast, exposing the bottom, where the peoples living on the coast collected seafood. But with inexorable precision, the water receding from the shore rolls again.

If you do not know how often the tides occur, you can be far from the coast and even die under the advancing water mass. The coastal peoples perfectly knew the timetable for the arrival and departure of the waters. This phenomenon occurs twice a day. Moreover, ebbs and flows exist not only in the seas and oceans. All water sources are influenced by the moon. But far from the seas, it is almost imperceptible: sometimes the water rises a little, then it falls a little.

Fluid is the only natural element that moves behind the moon, making oscillations. A stone or a house cannot be attracted to the moon because they have a solid structure. The malleable and plastic water clearly demonstrates the effect of the lunar mass.

The Moon most strongly affects the waters of the seas and oceans from that side of the Earth, which at the moment is directly facing it.

If you look at the Earth at this moment, you can see how the Moon draws the waters of the oceans towards itself, lifts them, and the water column swells, forming a “hump”, or rather, two “humps” appear - high from the side where the Moon is located , and less pronounced on the opposite side.

"Humps" precisely follow the movement of the Moon around the Earth. Since the world ocean is a single whole and the waters in it communicate, the humps move from the coast, then to the coast. Since the Moon passes twice through points located at a distance of 180 degrees from each other, we observe two high tides and two low tides.

The greatest ebb and flow occur on the ocean shores. In our country - on the shores of the Arctic and Pacific Oceans. Less significant ebbs and flows are typical for inland seas. Even weaker this phenomenon is observed in lakes or rivers. But even on the shores of the oceans, the tides are stronger at one time of the year and weaker at another. This is already connected with the remoteness of the Moon from the Earth. The closer the Moon is to the surface of our planet, the stronger the ebbs and flows will be. The further - the, naturally, weaker.

Water masses are influenced not only by the Moon, but also by the Sun. Only the distance from the Earth to the Sun is much greater, so we do not notice its gravitational activity. But it has long been known that sometimes the tides become very strong. This happens whenever there is a new moon or a full moon. This is where the power of the Sun comes into play. At this point, all three celestial bodies- The Moon, the Earth and the Sun - line up on one straight line. Two forces of attraction are already acting on the Earth - both the Moon and the Sun. Naturally, the height of the rise and fall of the waters increases.

This amazing property of the Moon is used by people to get free energy. On the shores of the seas and oceans, tidal hydroelectric power stations are now being built, which generate electricity thanks to the "work" of the moon. Tidal hydroelectric power plants are considered the most environmentally friendly. They act according to natural rhythms and do not pollute the environment.

Day length

The tidal wave generates not only a specific movement ocean waters. The influence of the Moon on earthly processes does not end there. The resulting tidal wave constantly meets with the continents. As a result of the rotation of the planet and its interaction with the satellite, a force arises that is opposite to the movement of the earth's firmament. The consequence of this is a slowdown in the rotation of the Earth around its axis. As you know, it is the duration of one revolution that is the standard for the duration of the day. As the rotation of the planet slows down, the length of the day increases. It grows quite slowly, but every few years the International Earth Rotation Service is forced to slightly change the standard against which all clocks are compared.

"Defender" of the Earth

Scientists have found that the satellite plays a significant role in preserving life on the planet, protecting it from space "bombardment".

Indeed, the Moon takes on the impact of thousands of asteroids and meteorites. Many craters have been found on its surface, which indicate a collision with cosmic bodies larger than 350 kilometers. And what would happen if such a “pebble” fell to the Earth?

For comparison, I will give an example. The space body that caused the death of dinosaurs is estimated by scientists to be only 5-8 kilometers, and this is equivalent to two nuclear bombs dropped on Japan. Scientists have calculated that in the event of a collision of our planet with a cosmic body 10 times smaller than the above, about 2 billion people will die. Thus, the satellite can be called the "gravitational shield" of the planet.

The influence of the moon on man

The moon also affects a person’s sleep, for example, on a full moon, people do not sleep well, energy accumulates, stress and vulnerability appear. For some reason, women tolerate the full moon worse than men.

Also, in the full phase of the moon, people tend to commit rash acts, due to excess energy and frequent stress Accidents and crimes happen. During this period, it is not recommended to resolve conflicts, to start serious education of children. As for diseases, they become aggravated on the full moon, a person becomes more inclined to experience pain. The blood becomes a little liquid, does not coagulate well, it is better to postpone the operation.

Exactly at full moon people become excessively tired, turn into pessimists, lose interest in life.

When the new moon comes, people are weakened, morally exhausted. Men can be aggressive, nervous for no reason. When the Moon begins to grow, then the energy will increase and increase. Reduce nervous tension, take care of yourself, do not get angry, because heart attacks and strokes most often occur on the new moon. On the other hand, this is the best period to leave bad habits.

The growing moon is perhaps the most favorable period for various undertakings. A person at this time is full of strength, energy, able to withstand high loads, usually the state of health during this period is stable and excellent. Metabolism improves, there is a special flexibility and vitality. Astrologers recommend taking care of yourself at this time, taking a course of cosmetic procedures, drinking vitamins, and so on.

Astrologers have also explained how the moon phase affects hair. For example, if you decide to cut your hair, then do it during the growing moon, because it greatly affects hair growth. As a result, the hair will be beautiful, the hair will quickly grow back, strengthen and get a healthy shine. To make your hair grow back more slowly, and not have to run to the hairdresser often, update your hair during the waning moon. Representatives argue that this phenomenon has a logical explanation. The moon affects the liquid, and the human body is made up of water. The growing phase of the moon contributes to the rapid flow of blood to the hair follicles. Therefore, hair grows faster.

There are special horoscopes that explain in detail how the Moon affects Cancer, the zodiac sign of Pisces, Taurus, Aries, and so on. A lot depends on what sign of the zodiac the Moon is in.

Do not be surprised that experienced fishermen firmly believe that the success of fishing depends on the heavenly body. This is not fiction, not a myth, but a fact that has already been confirmed countless times in practice.

The well-being of the fish directly depends on what phase the Moon is in, and, accordingly, the Moon also affects fishing. This fact should not be attributed to popular beliefs, because scientists constantly investigated and proved this phenomenon. Life processes in fish are either activated or subsided. Successful fishing, as well as excellent bite, can be predicted precisely from the moon. But, we should not forget that weather conditions also have a huge impact on the inhabitants of the underwater world.

Full moon is best time for fishing, the bite will be just great. The moon is very close to the earth magnetic fields are connected and related to each other. When the Moon shines in the full phase, the fish become very active, they are extremely excitable, they move quickly. The moon has an influence precisely on the gravity of the Earth, on water, on the ebb and flow, on the sea.

It has been scientifically proven that sea level depends precisely on the location of the Moon and the Sun. The gravitational field of the star and our planet attracts water from huge reservoirs, it rises, it turns out the tide, and then the tide. Just in reservoirs such as lakes, rivers, this process is invisible, since there is too little water. But the tension of the water also depends on this celestial body, so it turns out that the fish bite more efficiently.

Pisces need a source of light, moonlight is great for them. This is another reason why the underwater world is actively animated during the full moon. But during the new moon, the necessary light practically does not cut through the water column, and in the world of fish, a period of so-called drowsy rest begins. This is a perfectly logical explanation. So, since you have planned a hunt for large fish, something like pike, pike perch, make sure in advance that the time for fishing is favorable.

Sun and Moon - two heavenly bodies which are directly related to life on our planet. The luminaries have a very strong influence on people, but in themselves they have very little in common. Take at least the size: the sun is 400 times larger than the moon.

But both bodies are at such a distance that it seems to us that they are the same in size. That is why there are solar eclipses. Often the Sun and Moon interact with each other (namely, their gravitational fields), as a result of which the Earth's satellite every year moves away from our planet by several centimeters.

And yet, thanks to these cosmic bodies, we can observe the change of day and night. Now, probably, no one doubts that the Sun, the Moon have a huge impact on the world of living organisms, including plants, animals, people. But what can I say, if these luminaries even affect the growth of mushrooms. It's no secret that mushrooms grow best after rain, in other words, after precipitation. But the weather is influenced not only by the Sun, but also by the Moon. After the new moon, in practice, it has been observed more than once large quantity precipitation. It turns out that during the period of active growth of the moon, mushrooms and other fruiting bodies grow best.

As you can see, the Moon really has a huge impact on our planet. It constantly goes through an endless cycle of certain phases, which astrologers have long studied and identified. So, if you are inclined to believe in horoscopes, do not ignore the lunar calendar. Try to do everything right, on time, and then your health will always be consistently good.

What will happen in the future?

The Earth and the Moon have been influencing each other for about 4.5 billion years, that is, from the day of their appearance (according to a number of scientists, the satellite and the planet were formed simultaneously). Throughout this period, as now, the night star moved away from the Earth, and our planet slowed down its rotation. However, a complete stop, as well as the final disappearance is not expected. The deceleration of the planet will continue until its rotation is synchronized with the movement of the moon. In this case, our planet will turn to the satellite on one side and “freeze” like that. The tidal waves that the Earth causes on the Moon have long led to a similar effect: the night star always looks at the planet with “one eye”. By the way, there are no oceans on the Moon, but there are tidal waves: they are formed in the crust. The same processes are taking place on our planet. Waves in the crust are hardly noticeable compared to the movement in the ocean, and their effect is negligible.

When our planet synchronizes its movement with the satellite, the influence of the Moon on the Earth will be somewhat different. Tidal waves will still be generated, but they will no longer overtake the night star. The wave will be located exactly under the "hanging" Moon and relentlessly follow it. At the same time, the increase in the distance between the two space objects will stop.

Modern Russian science more inclined to another theory that the Moon is particles of a dust cloud that the young Earth did not attract to itself.

Since the composition of the satellite is very similar to the earth's, this theory has not yet been refuted. But according to the son of Darwin George, the Moon is a detached piece of the Earth due to its rapid rotation in old days. It came off near the equator, where the pool is now Pacific Ocean. But the fact is that when the Moon appeared, the basin had not yet formed, and the rotation of the Earth was slower than necessary for the detachment of matter. Therefore, this hypothesis was refuted. There are two more theories about the appearance of the moon. The first suggests that it was a separate planet, but over time, the Earth pulled it to itself. But this does not explain the similarity of the Moon's composition with the Earth's mantle. But the second theory explains this, but is also unlikely. She appeared in the 1970s in America. Scientists have suggested that the Earth evaporated due to strong heating, and the Moon was formed from substances ejected into space. But there is no evidence that our planet has ever warmed up to such high temperatures.

The moon has a tremendous impact on our oceans. As it revolves around the Earth, the Moon pulls water masses towards itself with its gravity. In the place facing the satellite, bulges are created, the ocean level in which is much higher than in other parts of our planet. Thus, passing through the planet, the Moon creates ebbs and flows.

As soon as the Moon is removed, all the “attracted” water will rush onto the land in a powerful stream, sweeping away everything in its path. Most terrible tsunami will seem like heel-tickling waves compared to this catastrophe. But this is not all.

Besides big stone, our oceans are governed by the gravitational forces of the Sun. So, if the Moon nevertheless decides to leave us, then we will not be left unattended for a long time - all power will pass to the Sun, which will be a powerful, but not the most friendly ruler.

Tilt of the Earth without gravitational forces The moon will become unstable. The temperature will fluctuate so much that this attraction will make many parts of the planet uninhabitable.

The "tidal friction" that slows down the Earth's rotational speed and causes our days to get longer over time will disappear. The Earth will actually start spinning a little faster without the Moon, which will cause the days to get shorter, which is also not good news for us.

But that's not all. Due to the lack of lunar gravity, the core of the Earth may experience some discomfort, which for us will result in such an unpleasant thing as widespread volcanic eruptions and earthquakes, which is unlikely to have a good effect on life on the planet.

Even our ancestors knew that hair should be cut on the growing moon, then they will grow well, become healthy and strong. The lunar month consists of two parts - growing and waning. In order to understand what kind of lunar phase is at the moment, you just need to determine which letter the month resembles. If it looks like “C”, then the Moon is waning, and if it looks like “E”, but without a tongue in the middle, it is growing. You can also use the lunar haircut calendar.

A haircut made in the moon growth phase will help make hair more manageable, in addition, it will grow back much faster. Accordingly, if you cut your hair during the waning phase, the effect will be the opposite. Such an impact of the Earth's satellite is not only speculation and observations of our ancestors, this is also scientific explanation. Since the Moon has the ability to influence the fluid in the human body, in the phase of its growth there is an influx of blood to the hair follicles, due to which hair growth is accelerated.

Lunar phases are far from the only thing that affects the condition of hair after a haircut. An important factor is the position of the Earth's satellite in a certain sign of the Zodiac. Most auspicious days to update hairstyles will be those in which the Moon is in Taurus, Virgo, Capricorn or Leo. Hair cut during this period will grow well and be less cut. If you want to give a new hairstyle lightness and airiness, but so that this does not affect the condition of the hair and its quality, go to the master while the Moon is in Gemini or Libra.

To make the hair grow slower, but well strengthened, it should be cut while the Moon is in Cancer or Pisces. But the Moon in Sagittarius or Scorpio has a neutral effect on the condition of the hair. In no case do any manipulations when the Moon is in Aries or Aquarius. This can lead to severe hair loss, and sometimes even baldness.

If your hair is visibly weakened and neither expensive care products nor proper nutrition do not help, take the advice of our grandmothers and consult a hairdresser during the moon growth phase. And the lunar calendar will help determine the day for the haircut. Who knows, maybe this is exactly what your hair needs to gain strength and strength.

Most recently, I watched a program in which everything was revealed "secrets" of our satellite. I especially remember two points: that this is a kind of earth shield, and ... And I'll talk about this below :)

Moon influence

Formerly people believed that our the satellite has mystical power, which "manages" the daily life of a person. However, those times have long sunk into oblivion, and now, thanks to science, a person does not blame the Moon for his failures, and does not praise her. But anyway, the influence of this body on our planet is quite significant, and corresponds to both physical laws, So the laws of mechanics. Its main feature is speed axial rotation almost identical to our planet, so our eyes only see one side of it.

The mass of our satellite is so great that gravitational forces cause ebb and flow, and also slightly change the shape of our planet. In fact, these are the only satellite influences that science confirms.

"Defender" of humanity

Scientists have found that the satellite plays a significant role in preserving life on the planet, protecting it from space "bombardment". Really, Moontakes on the impact of thousands of asteroids and meteorites. Many craters have been found on its surface, which indicate a collision with cosmic bodies larger than 350 kilometers. And what would happen if such a “pebble” fell to the Earth? For comparison, I will give an example. The space body that caused the death of dinosaurs is estimated by scientists at only 5-8 kilometers, and this equivalent to two nuclear bombs, dropped on Japan. Scientists have calculated that in the event of a collision of our planet with a cosmic body 10 times smaller than the above, about 2 billion people. Thus, the satellite can be called "gravity shield" planets.

What if...

Recently, a group of scientists have carried out interesting research, the purpose of which was to calculate what would happen if our satellite suddenly "thinks" slightly close the distance with the planet. Calculations have shown that the following changes will be inevitable:

• there will be a drop in the speed of rotation of the Earth;
• there will be unprecedented tsunamis;
• huge hurricanes will rise;
• the gravitational balance will change;
• all fall artificial satellites;
• earthquakes will occur.

Of course, that such a “rapprochement” does not bode absolutely nothing good for humanity, therefore, I hope this never happens.

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It seems that she is already an adult girl who needs to think about serious things - but still at night I often take a blanket, a mug of cocoa with marshmallows, sit down on the windowsill and dreamily look at the moon. And no, no, let the thought creep into our heads that this is not just a bright luminous disk above our heads, but an important celestial body that affects our planet.

How does the moon affect the earth

The moon is a satellite of our planet. We are so used to seeing it at night that we hardly think about the fact that it partly makes the Earth exactly the way we are used to seeing it.

And of course, it invisibly affects many things.

Ebb and flow

Yes, even in ancient times, people noticed that ebbs and flows appear not by accident, but cyclically. Observations of the surrounding world made it possible to trace the connection between the ebbs and flows with lunar cycle.

And this is far from useless information. Without knowing when the sea level changes, one can easily bring the ship to the ground. Or spend the night on the coast - and wake up in the morning from what covers you with waves.

This information was also useful for the ancient tribes that lived on the coast - they waited until the water will go away, to collect the remaining marine life after low tide. Such reserves could feed the tribe for a long time, so it was important not to miss the moment.

Day length

The tidal waves caused by the moon generate force, opposing force of the earth's rotation around its axis. It turns out that every year the planet makes a complete revolution a little slower - which means that days are longer.

Of course, these changes are very small, but over hundreds and thousands of years they will accumulate significantly - and for our great-great-great-grandchildren, the day will not last 24 hours, but 25 or even more.

Night sky

And, of course, is it possible to imagine the sky without moonlight! Although, to be honest, The moon itself does not glow at all - but is an impromptu mirror, reflecting the light of the sun. But does it really matter - the view is still excellent.

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I remember my father took me to a fortress island off the northwest coast of France. I was then seven years old, my family and I were vacationing in Normandy. The path to the abbey lay through a dam (I won’t name the dimensions, everything seemed huge to me at that age), I still thought then, they say, why is the dam here, there is only sand around, these strange French. Later, the space around the island began to rapidly fill with water. The speed of the tide was so impressive that after a few moments the water surface completely surrounded the fortress, only a small bridge was visible connecting the abbey to the mainland.

I looked puzzled at my father, in response I heard something about the moon. “ What is the relationship between the moon and the elements”: I thought at that moment.

The influence of the moon on the earth

Since time immemorial, this natural satellite of the earth has attracted not only the views, but also the thoughts of people around the world. the globe. Someone called the Moon a goddess and endowed it with mystical powers, and someone tried to find a mechanical connection between this astronomical body and the processes taking place on our home planet.

How does our closest neighbor in boundless space let us know of its existence:

• affects the shape of the earth, as well as changes the axis of rotation of our planet;
• slows down the earth's rotation;
• causes ebb and flow;
• takes part in illuminating the earth.

And no, these are not the magical properties of the satellite. All these processes are subject to elementary laws Newtonian physics. The fact is that the moon has enough mass to influence our planet. In a similar way. Ebb and flow are a direct consequence law of gravity(Moon pulls harder on nearby Earth; see image). More interestingly, the surface of the planet is also being deformed by the moon.

If we go even further, friction of water masses caused by the pull of the moon, slows down the rotation of our planet. For those who lack one more hour in a day, you can wait 200 million years (according to at least, scientists assure us of this).

What happens if the moon suddenly disappears

Let's go from the opposite. I must say right away that the chances for humanity are disappointing.

The orbit of rotation of our native planet around the Sun will instantly change, the same fate awaits the axis of rotation of the Earth around itself. Orbit change will excite seismic activity around the globe. Mankind is waiting for natural disasters for every taste: earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, hurricanes and tsunamis. In Hollywood, filming will begin without special effects.

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Since childhood, I have admired what others do not attach importance to. A view of the moon in the night sky as it is a fantastic picture. A huge celestial body, constantly changing the degree of its illumination and hanging above our heads. I was interested in how the Moon affects the Earth in general, and its inhabitants in particular.

The influence of the moon on the earth in the past

According to the main version offered by scientists, the Moon appeared due to the collision of the Earth with another planet. The fragments of this cataclysm have become our natural satellite. Due to this, the degree of inclination has changed earth's axis. Because of this, a change of seasons appeared, which means opportunities for a better development of life and the course of evolution. And the Moon protected the Earth from a huge part of the asteroids, working as a lightning rod in a thunderstorm.

The moon generates ebb and flow

Everyone knows where these two phenomena came from. From the moon. The moon pulls on water, thereby creating a tidal wave. But besides this, from the mutual attraction of the Earth and the Moon, there is a so-called centrifugal force that lifts water from the opposite end of the planet. This is explained by the fact that the Moon and Earth revolve around a common center of gravity. Contrary to the outdated theory that a satellite revolves around a static Earth.

At the same time, tidal forces also act on the atmosphere with the lithosphere, generating winds and shifts lithospheric plates.

The influence of the moon on human health

There is no exact evidence of the influence of the moon on human health. But a group of Indian scientists still found some links between the phases of the moon and the state of people:

• heart attacks are more common on the new moon;
• childbirth often occurs on a full moon;
• fewer digestive disorders occur with the growing moon.

However, many studies by scientists from other countries refute these conclusions. So it turns out that who to believe, everyone always decides for himself!

At the end I remembered one fact. The moon is moving away from us by an average of 4 centimeters per year. Therefore, we should look at the sky more often, because for our distant descendants the Moon can turn into a small dot, a little more than the most ordinary star!

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When I was little, I loved to look at the starry sky and fantasize. I imagined myself as an astronaut girl who went to explore unknown planets. For some reason, I always looked at the Moon especially intently. Looking into the shadows on its surface, I drew in my imagination bright pictures with endless lunar valleys, dotted with numerous craters from falling meteorites. Later, I became interested in more serious questions, for example, what effect does the moon have on the earth.

The influence of the moon on people

For the first time I thought about this influence when I heard from my grandmother that it is better to cut hair on the growing moon. When I asked how this is connected, my grandmother replied that the Moon has a direct impact on the Earth and the people who inhabit it.

Everyone has seen at least once in their life moon eclipse . It is this phenomenon that has a significant impact on health and emotional state person. During this period, scientists noticed the following changes:

What effect does the moon have on the earth?

The main factor that has a pronounced effect is mutual attraction of the earth and moon. It is the mutual attraction of our planet and its satellite that causes the well-known phenomena from ancient times. ebbs and flows ocean waters. The mutual attraction of the planets also contributes to the gradual decrease in the speed of the earth's rotation, which leads to an increase in the length of the day. The moon is the only satellite of the Earth, unlike others, more major planets the solar system, therefore, without its existence, much would be impossible, even life.

How does the moon affect the earth

This issue must be considered comprehensively, since the Moon does have a wide range of effects on our planet. The first and most obvious - gravitational interaction, about which most people learn indirectly on school bench as part of the study of ebbs and flows. Since most of the earth covered with water, exactly The oceans feel this force most. The closer two celestial bodies are to each other at a particular moment, the stronger gravity affects the planet Earth, which was proven even Newton and confirmed his theory. However, this phenomenon is also reflected on land, that is, bark but because of her density a person cannot feel any changes. One of the most interesting and fascinating phenomena we can observe with the naked eye, namely - solar eclipse.

The nature of a solar eclipse

Solar eclipse maybe be classified depending on the degree of obstruction by the Moon of the luminary for an observer from the Earth, for example:

1. Complete.
2. Partial.
3. Ring-shaped.
4. hybrid.

The nature of such an event is that the satellite casts a shadow in new moon period(far from everyone), which has a diameter of about