Name: Vladimir Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov)

Age: 53 years old

Growth: 164

Activity: revolutionary, Soviet political and statesman, founder of the USSR, organizer of the CPSU

Family status: was married

Vladimir Lenin: biography

Vladimir Lenin is the great leader of the working people of the whole world, who is considered the most prominent politician in world history, who created the first socialist state.

The Russian communist theoretical philosopher, who continued the work and, whose activities were widely deployed at the beginning of the 20th century, is still of interest to the public today, since his historical role is of significant importance not only for Russia, but for the whole world. Lenin's activity has both positive and negative ratings, which does not prevent the founder of the USSR from remaining the leading revolutionary in world history.

Childhood and youth

Ulyanov Vladimir Ilyich was born on April 22, 1870 in Simbirsk province Russian Empire in the family of school inspector Ilya Nikolaevich and school teacher Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanov. He became the third child of parents who invested their whole soul in their children - my mother completely abandoned labor activity and devoted herself to the education of Alexander, Anna and Volodya, after which she gave birth to Maria and Dmitry.

Vladimir Lenin and his sister Maria

As a child, Vladimir Ulyanov was mischievous and very smart boy- at the age of 5 he already learned to read and by the time he entered the Simbirsk gymnasium he had become a "walking encyclopedia". During his school years, he also showed himself to be a diligent, diligent, gifted and accurate student, for which he was repeatedly awarded commendable sheets. Lenin's classmates said that the future world leader of the working people enjoyed great respect and authority in the class, since every student felt his mental superiority.

In 1887, Vladimir Ilyich graduated from the gymnasium with a gold medal and entered the law faculty of Kazan University. In the same year, the Ulyanov family happened terrible tragedy- Lenin's older brother Alexander was executed for participating in the organization of the assassination attempt on the king.

This grief aroused in the future founder of the USSR a protest spirit against national oppression and the tsarist system, therefore, already in the first year of high school, he created a student revolutionary movement, for which he was expelled from the university and sent into exile in a small village Kukushkino, located in the Kazan province.

Since that moment, the biography of Vladimir Lenin has been continuously connected with the struggle against capitalism and autocracy, the main goal of which was the liberation of workers from exploitation and oppression. After the exile, in 1888, Ulyanov returned to Kazan, where he immediately joined one of the Marxist circles.

In the same period, Lenin's mother acquired an estate of almost 100 hectares in the Simbirsk province and convinced Vladimir Ilyich to manage it. This did not prevent him from continuing to maintain ties with local "professional" revolutionaries who helped him find Narodnaya Volya and create organized movement Imperial Protestants.

revolutionary activity

In 1891, Vladimir Lenin managed to pass the exams externally at the Imperial St. Petersburg University at the Faculty of Law. After that, he worked as an assistant to a sworn advocate from Samara, dealing with the "state protection" of criminals.

In 1893, the revolutionary moved to St. Petersburg and, in addition to practicing law, took up writing historical works dedicated to Marxist political economy, the creation of Russian freedom movement, the capitalist evolution of the post-reform villages and industry. Then he began to create a program of the Social Democratic Party.

In 1895, Lenin made his first trip abroad and made the so-called tour of Switzerland, Germany and France, where he met his idol Georgy Plekhanov, as well as Wilhelm Liebknecht and Paul Lafargue, who were leaders of the international labor movement.

Upon his return to St. Petersburg, Vladimir Ilyich managed to unite all the disparate Marxist circles in the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", at the head of which he began to prepare a plan to overthrow the autocracy. For active propaganda of his idea, Lenin and his allies were taken into custody, and after a year in prison he was sent to the Shushenskoye village of the Elysian province.

During his exile, he established contact with the Social Democrats of Moscow, St. Petersburg, Voronezh, Nizhny Novgorod, and in 1900, at the end of the exile, he traveled all over Russian cities and personally established contact with numerous organizations. In 1900, the leader created the Iskra newspaper, under whose articles he first signed the pseudonym Lenin.

In the same period, he became the initiator of the congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, in which after that there was a split into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks. The revolutionary headed the Bolshevik ideological and political party and launched an active struggle against Menshevism.

In the period from 1905 to 1907, Lenin lived in exile in Switzerland, where he was preparing an armed uprising. There he was caught by the First Russian Revolution, in the victory of which he was interested, since it opened the way to the socialist revolution.

Then Vladimir Ilyich illegally returned to St. Petersburg and began to act actively. He tried at all costs to win over the peasants to his side, forcing them to an armed uprising against the autocracy. The revolutionary urged people to arm themselves with everything at hand and to attack civil servants.

October Revolution

After the defeat in the First Russian Revolution, the solidarity of all Bolshevik forces took place, and Lenin, having analyzed the mistakes, began to revive the revolutionary upsurge. Then he created his own legal Bolshevik party, which published the newspaper Pravda, of which he was editor-in-chief. At that time, Vladimir Ilyich lived in Austria-Hungary, where he was caught World War.

After being imprisoned on suspicion of spying for Russia, Lenin prepared his theses on the war for two years, and after his release went to Switzerland, where he came up with the slogan of transforming imperialist war into civil.

In 1917, Lenin and his associates were allowed to leave Switzerland through Germany to Russia, where a solemn meeting was organized for him. The first speech of Vladimir Ilyich before the people began with a call to " social revolution”, which caused discontent even among the Bolshevik circles. At that moment, Lenin's theses were supported by Joseph Stalin, who also believed that power in the country should belong to the Bolsheviks.

On October 20, 1917, Lenin arrived in Smolny and began to lead the uprising, which was organized by the head Petrograd Soviet. Vladimir Ilyich proposed to act promptly, harshly and clearly - from October 25 to October 26, the Provisional Government was arrested, and on November 7, at the All-Russian Congress of Soviets, Lenin's decrees on peace and land were adopted, and the Council was organized People's Commissars headed by Vladimir Ilyich.

This was followed by a 124-day "Smolnin period", during which Lenin spent active work in the Kremlin. He signed a decree on the creation of the Red Army, concluded the Brest peace treaty with Germany, and also began to develop a program for the formation of a socialist society. At that moment, the Russian capital was moved from Petrograd to Moscow, and the Congress of Soviets of Workers, Peasants and Soldiers became the supreme body of power in Russia.

After the main reforms were carried out, which consisted in withdrawing from the World War and transferring landowners' lands to peasants, the Russian Socialist Federative Republic was formed on the territory of the former Russian Empire. Soviet Republic(RSFSR), the rulers of which were the communists, led by Vladimir Lenin.

Head of the RSFSR

With the coming to power, Lenin, according to many historians, ordered the execution of the former Russian emperor Nicholas II together with his entire family, and in July 1918 approved the Constitution of the RSFSR. Two years later, Lenin eliminated the supreme ruler of Russia, Admiral, who was his strong opponent.

Then the head of the RSFSR implemented the "Red Terror" policy, created to strengthen the new government in the face of flourishing anti-Bolshevik activities. At the same time, the decree on death penalty under which anyone who did not agree with Lenin's policy could fall.

After that, Vladimir Lenin set about destroying the Orthodox Church. Since that period, believers have become the main enemies of the Soviet regime. During that period, Christians who tried to protect the holy relics were subjected to persecution and executions. Special concentration camps were also created for the “re-education” of the Russian people, where people were imputed in especially harsh ways that they were obliged to work for free in the name of communism. This led to a massive famine that killed millions of people, and terrible crisis.

This result forced the leader to retreat from his planned plan and create a new economic policy, during which people, under the "supervision" of the commissars, restored industry, revived construction sites and industrialized the country. In 1921, Lenin abolished "war communism", replaced the food appropriation with a food tax, allowed private trade, which gave the broad mass of the population to independently seek means of survival.

In 1922, on the recommendations of Lenin, the USSR was created, after which the revolutionary had to step down from power due to a sharp deterioration in health. After acute political struggle in the country in pursuit of power by the sole leader Soviet Union was Joseph Stalin.

Personal life

The personal life of Vladimir Lenin, like that of most professional revolutionaries, was shrouded in secrecy for the purpose of conspiracy. He met his future wife in 1894 during the organization of the Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class.

She blindly followed her lover and participated in all the actions of Lenin, which was the reason for their separate first exile. In order not to part, Lenin and Krupskaya got married in a church - they invited Shushensky peasants as best men, and wedding rings they were made by their ally from copper nickels.

The sacrament of the wedding of Lenin and Krupskaya took place on July 22, 1898 in the village of Shushenskoye, after which Nadezhda became a faithful companion of the life of the great leader, whom she bowed to, despite his harshness and humiliating treatment of herself. Having become a real communist, Krupskaya suppressed her sense of ownership and jealousy, which allowed her to remain the only wife of Lenin, in whose life there were many women.

The question "Did Lenin have children?" still attracts worldwide interest. There are several historical theories regarding the paternity of the leader of the communists - some claim that Lenin was barren, while others call him father of many children illegitimate children. At the same time, many sources claim that Vladimir Ilyich had a son Alexander Steffen from his beloved, an affair with which the revolutionary lasted about 5 years.

Death

The death of Vladimir Lenin occurred on January 21, 1924 in the estate of Gorki, Moscow province. According to official figures, the leader of the Bolsheviks died of atherosclerosis, caused by severe overload at work. Two days after his death, Lenin's body was transported to Moscow and placed in the Hall of Columns, where the farewell to the founder of the USSR was held for 5 days.

On January 27, 1924, Lenin's body was embalmed and placed in a specially built for this Mausoleum, located on the Red Square of the capital. The ideologist of the creation of Lenin's relics was his successor Joseph Stalin, who wanted to make Vladimir Ilyich a "god" in the eyes of the people.

After the collapse of the USSR, the issue of reburial of Lenin was repeatedly raised in the State Duma. True, he remained at the discussion stage as early as 2000, when the one who came to power during his first presidential term put an end to this issue. He said that he did not see the desire of the vast majority of the population to rebury the body of the world leader, and until it appears, this topic will no longer be discussed in modern Russia.

90 years ago, on January 21, 1924, a world-class Soviet political and statesman, the founder of the Bolshevik Party and Soviet project Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Lenin). This is one of the most controversial Russian figures. If everything is clear with the gentlemen L. Bronstein-Trotsky and Ya. Sverdlov, they were henchmen of the so-called. "world behind the scenes", which led Russia and the Russian people to the slaughter, then there is no such clarity with Lenin.

For some, he is the leader of the proletariat, the founder of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party (Bolsheviks), which pulled Russia out of the abyss with its iron grip, and the founder of Soviet civilization. For others, it is a "bloody destroyer" that destroyed Orthodox Russia, « german agent and the murderer of the Romanov family.

Apparently, Lenin was not a protege of the "world behind the scenes" ("financial international"), like Trotsky, and an agent German intelligence, although both tried to use it. In turn, Lenin tried to use the resources of Russia's opponents. It was this certain independence of Lenin that led to the assassination attempt and conspiracy of 1918, when the death of the leader of the proletariat was supposed to bring to power the second figure of the party - Trotsky. However, the plans of the conspirators, due to a number of factors, were never realized.

How Lenin Became a Revolutionary

On the formation of personality Ulyanov had a huge impact mother, Maria Alexandrovna Ulyanova (Blank). She came from a family of Swedish Jews, perhaps for this reason she developed a strong dislike for Russia. Lenin's father - a teacher and director of public schools in the Simbirsk province Ilya Nikolaevich Ulyanov - died early, so the mother was engaged in raising children. The family received a decent pension, did not live in poverty, so there were no class reasons to hate the "tsarist regime". But the upbringing of the mother developed in almost all the surviving children (two died in infancy) an ardent dislike for the existing order. Mother was so confident in her principles that even the execution of Alexander Ulyanov, who was one of the organizers and leaders of the terrorist department of Narodnaya Volya (he was arrested while preparing an assassination attempt on the Russian Emperor Alexander III), did not break her will.

The upbringing of his mother and the execution of his beloved brother embittered Lenin, made him a staunch revolutionary. He was offended by the rejection of the Simbirsk society, his attitude towards the relatives of the terrorist. I must say that, in general, the morals in the Russian Empire were very liberal. Families of criminals were not subjected to repressions. The Ulyanov family continued to receive a pension, all the children entered higher education without any problems. educational establishments. At the same time, Ulyanov had excellent abilities. From his youth, Vladimir was distinguished by his extraordinary capacity for work, insatiable scientific curiosity, and great memory. In 1887 he graduated from the Simbirsk gymnasium with a gold medal, entered the law faculty of Kazan University. Vladimir was expelled from the university, but not because of poor studies or because of his terrorist brother, but because he followed in the footsteps of the latter and participated in the activities of an illegal student circle. However, this did not prevent Vladimir from completing his education as an external student and becoming a lawyer. It should be noted that many revolutionaries, liberals, oppositionists in those days, and even now, tried to get a legal education. So, the head of the Provisional Government, Alexander Kerensky, was also a lawyer, he studied at the law faculty of St. Petersburg University.

In 1893 Ulyanov moved to the capital. Already at this time, Vladimir had the conviction that the revolution in Russia would be led by the working class. He will overthrow absolutism. main goal Lenin's life began to achieve a revolution in Russia. The revolutionary structures were then few in number and had no real power. Their “mouse” fuss (like the distribution of revolutionary literature) had practically no effect on society.

The formation of the leader of the proletariat

Ulyanov, realizing that such activities would not bring any special results, went abroad in 1895, visited Switzerland, France and Germany. met with well-known figures- Liebknecht, Plekhanov, Lafargue and others. This added to his weight. Ulyanov took note.

It should be noted that the "financial international" was closely connected with the socialist. The banking clans considered it profitable for themselves to support socialist parties and movements. Through them it was possible to put pressure on governments, to form public opinion to point him in the right direction. In turn, socialist leaders, parties, organizations needed money for their publications, maintenance of premises and election campaigns. The Second International, fed by the banking community, was a very serious organization. French, German, Austrian and English Social Democrats occupied in society strong positions. Thus, the cooperation was mutually beneficial. Although the bulk of ordinary party members, workers had no idea about such connections. The connecting links between the "financial international" and the socialists were Masonic lodges. In the West at that time, the main issue was "Russian": it was necessary to destroy Russian empire. Therefore, the "financial international" held great job to get involved in the fight against tsarist regime» all promising leaders. Ulyanov was just such a young leader.

Therefore, it is not surprising that Russian revolutionaries, getting to Europe or the USA, could almost always get a good job. They did not have to look for work, a roof over their heads. Most received some kind of subsidies, part-time jobs, mostly small (why spoil freeloaders), but enough to live on. All of them could be useful in one way or another.

The international socialist movement had contacts not only with banking circles, but also with the secret services of their own, and other countries. Suffice it to recall the famous Azef. He was one of the leaders of the Socialist Revolutionary Party and at the same time a secret officer of the Police Department. We can also recall Stalin, whom some researchers consider a secret agent of the Russian military intelligence. The work of Western intelligence agencies was aimed against Russia. Western social democracy also considered Russia, the "strangler of freedom," its main enemy. Suffice it to recall the Russophobic works of Engels. Therefore, the alliance suggested itself. As indirect evidence, one can cite the fact that none of the political figure, who fled from Russia, was not detained and extradited to the Russian authorities, or at least brought to justice for illegally crossing the border. Not a single figure was arrested for living with forged documents. Foreign customs and border guards turned a blind eye to the transport of propaganda materials and other illegal goods to Russia. It was unrealistic to achieve the extradition of “political” ones, so in St. Petersburg they gave up on this. Obviously, all this could not be carried out with the support of Western intelligence services, "cooperating" with the financial and political elite.

Upon return to Russian capital Ulyanov, together with Martov and other young revolutionaries, united the disparate Marxist circles into the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class". However, the Russian security department it was not sewn with a bast. Surrounded by Plekhanov, the Okhrana had its own agents. The appearance of the brother of the executed terrorist did not go unnoticed. Ulyanov was soon arrested. However, there was nothing serious about him. In the Russian Empire, they were punished not for thoughts, but for specific crimes. Ulyanov escaped with exile for 3 years in the village of Shushenskoye Yenisei province. The "torment" of the revolutionaries in exile should not be exaggerated. They were only limited in their movements. They could live in their own pleasure, improve the level of education, families moved to them.

In the early 1900s, the scattered and weak socialist movement in Russia underwent a major transformation. New activists are put forward and sought out, and the emphasis is on talented organizers and practitioners. Criminals are drawn into the revolutionary movement. A system of escapes abroad is organized. Escapes were then quite easy to organize - the needs were documents, money and normal clothes. A well-functioning system for obtaining documents was created. While the authorities realized that the man had disappeared, he was already in Europe. There, a person was accepted and a case was found for him.

After the end of his exile in February 1900, Ulyanov traveled around Russian cities, establishing ties with local organizations. Work is underway to create an all-Russian workers' newspaper Iskra. In July 1900, Vladimir leaves for Switzerland.

During the reorganization of revolutionary work in Russia, which was translated into more high level, drew attention to the "think tank". The former émigré center in Switzerland, headed by Plekhanov, was no longer suitable. Despite his high authority, Plekhanov was far from the best leader. He has long since lost touch with Russia and its realities. He became a self-sufficient theoretician, lived in the world of his own ideas and constructions. He enjoyed well-deserved popularity, but had no influence on events in Russia. Plekhanov was not abandoned: his authority was needed. However, the revolution in Russia required a new energetic leader. Personnel were also required for the new center (it was created in Germany).

Alexander Parvus (Israel Gelfand, one of the key figures in the world behind-the-scenes operations of that time), turned out to be just Ulyanov. He went abroad legally. But considering it revolutionary life, he was given a second passport - the deceased nobleman of the Vologda province Nikolai Lenin. The first thing Lenin-Ulyanov was involved in was the publication of the Iskra newspaper. Parvus placed the editorial office of the newspaper in Munich. Thus, he created a revolutionary center in Germany and not in Switzerland (Plekhanov lived in Geneva). Officially, the editorial board included three representatives of the Emancipation of Labor emigrant group (Plekhanov, Axelrod and Zasulich) and three representatives of the Union of Struggle (Lenin, Martov and Potresov). However, in reality, everything soon fell into the hands of Lenin. Plekhanov remained in Geneva, Axelrod lived in Zurich, Zasulich did not arrive either, Martov had not yet arrived from Russia. Potresov, living in Munich a short time left him for a long time. They quickly created a network of Iskra agents in Germany, France, Switzerland and Belgium. On their basis, they began to create a new emigre organization - the Foreign League of Russian Revolutionary Social Democracy. Channels for delivering the newspaper to Russia were organized. Within the Russian Empire, a network of correspondents and headquarters was also created, which became the basis for future party organizations.

Lenin settled well in Munich. Krupskaya came to him, with whom he married in 1898. All members of the editorial board received salaries sufficient for living. Lenin and Krupskaya rented a separate apartment. But a year later, a crack appeared between Lenin and Parvus. Somehow they didn't agree. Perhaps the independent thinking of Lenin, who was not going to be an obedient tool in anyone's hands, played a role. Lenin did not consider it possible to remain in Munich any longer. In April 1902, the editorial office of the newspaper moved from Munich to London. On the revolutionary activity it didn't affect. Money for Iskra continued to be allocated. At the end of April 1903, Lenin and his wife moved to Geneva, where the editors moved. They lived in Switzerland until 1905.

At this time, with the support of Parvus, a new “ revolutionary star» - Trotsky. At first, Trotsky got along with Lenin literally "soul to soul." Trotsky was even called "Lenin's club", he defended the views of his comrade in disputes more harshly than their author. Lenin suggested introducing Trotsky to the editorial board of Iskra. However, Plekhanov was against it. In July - August 1903, the II Congress of the RSDLP was held in London. It wanted to unite various groups Social Democrats into one party. Lenin spoke in favor of strict party discipline, "democratic centralism", which caused discontent among some of the delegates. Lenin's opponents talked about "dictatorship", command methods. We quarreled. Those who supported Lenin eventually became "Bolsheviks", while opponents, led by Martov, became "Mensheviks". Plekhanov at first supported the "Bolsheviks". But when Martov left the editorial office of Iskra as a sign of protest, Plekhanov changed his position and went over to his side. The split finally took shape by 1905, when the Mensheviks refused to participate in the Third Congress of the RSDLP.

Trotsky at first joined the Mensheviks. But he soon quarreled with them. His conceit grew, he did not want to obey anyone. Lenin became his opponent. When the 1905 revolution began, Parvus and Trotsky were the first to arrive in Russia. A lot of money was spent on organizing the revolution in Russia. Parvus organized the release of " Rabochaya newspaper”, “Izvestia”, “Started”. They were produced in such mass editions that they literally filled up St. Petersburg and Moscow. Trotsky at that time was being intensively "promoted", making a name for him. In this he was helped by his oratorical gift. He still did not have any merit, and he was pushed to the post of deputy head of the Petrograd Soviet. Parvus, like a real schemer, kept in the shadows. All moves were made through Trotsky.

Lenin at that time was "overwritten" - as a person who had his own opinion about the future of Russia. He finally quarreled with Plekhanov, left the editorial office of Iskra, and he was pushed aside from leadership in the party. In 1905, Lenin was able to leave for Russia only in October, after an amnesty was announced. He was informed that a courier with documents would come to Stockholm. Lenin waited for him to no avail for two weeks. When he arrived in the Russian Empire, all the leading positions were divided without him. Lenin was completely out of work. Moved from one friend to another. Began to be published in Gorky's newspaper " New life". Parvus and Trotsky produced three large-circulation editions, while Lenin had to print in someone else's. It is immediately obvious in whose hands the financial flows were. Lenin visited Moscow, but he did not find a place for himself there either.

However, the revolution failed. The empire still had enough strength to quell the unrest. Moreover, it has changed international environment. It became unprofitable for the Western powers to support the revolution in Russia. The war with Japan is over. And in Europe a new political crisis(The first Moroccan crisis 1905-1906). Deciding that the time had come to challenge Paris, Berlin announced that it considered Morocco a sovereign state and was ready to support this sovereignty by force of arms. Morocco was a semi-colony of France. The French threw down the gauntlet. In Paris, they were afraid that Berlin was looking for a pretext for war, and Russia, weakened by the defeat in the war with Japan and the revolution, would not be able to support France. England was also worried. The defeat of France would lead to German dominance on the Continent. Powers that during Russo-Japanese War unanimously brought down Russia, dramatically changed their attitude towards it. France immediately provided Russia with a "great loan", which saved the empire from default. Russia responded by supporting France at the Algeciras Conference in Spain. German Empire found itself in diplomatic isolation (only Austria-Hungary supported it) and was forced to retreat.

"Financial International" at that moment also stopped "bringing down" Russia. In this situation, the fall of Russia meant the rise of Germany. Such a prospect did not suit the world banking structures. Germany and Russia had to be pitted; two great empires were supposed to collapse at about the same time. Therefore, the financial flows that fueled the revolution in Russia suddenly dried up. They also stopped providing organizational assistance.

The leaders of the Petrosoviet were arrested. Parvus also thundered into prison. Those revolutionary figures who were not arrested moved to Finland. The local police and authorities turned a blind eye to them. Therefore, autonomous Finland was an absolutely safe haven for them. In the spring of 1906 Lenin also moved to Finland. In December 1907 he moved to Stockholm.

To be continued…

If we get away from assessments caused by political sympathies or antipathies, then let's speculate: who is Lenin anyway? What did he do and what could he do?

1. Lenin took power in a vast country, held it against the fierce resistance of those who are commonly called "overthrown classes", created a new statehood, laid the foundations of a new economy and a new national and world project. And this despite the fact that in reality he remained in power for a little more than six years.

2. Lenin practically changed the world, because after October 1917 the world could no longer be the way it was before. He destroyed the old, obviously obsolete structure of the contemporary world, and opened the way for the search and construction of a new one. Not only in Russia, all over the world. That is, he certainly was both the most successful and the most large-scale of all political strategists in history.

3. He created such an efficient and professional political organization- The Bolshevik Party, that it was able to defeat not only direct opponents (the security structures of the old empire), but also competitors (other political parties Russia of that time, far from being as amorphous as the political parties of modern Russia). It is not even important that this party was able to overthrow the old government and keep the rule in its hands, but that this party itself was created as a kind of proto-state structure that could become the backbone of new statehood. As soon as this structure was destroyed in the 1990s, the socialist state itself collapsed.

4. After taking power, the main center and main focus of Lenin's activity became, contrary to unfounded accusations, not suppression and division, but construction: the construction of self-government, the construction of the state, the construction of production. The GOELRO plan was adopted in 1920, but electrification becomes a priority of the revolutionary government in the years civil war: in 1918, Lenin accepts the Graftio plan for the construction of the Volkhovskaya hydroelectric power station, in 1919 they begin to build the Kashirskaya state district power station. In the spring of 1919, Lenin resumes the abandoned construction of the Shaturskaya GRES ... And the enumeration of what they began to create and build after October 1917 can be multiplied and multiplied. For example, only for 1918-1929. 406 research institutes were created. And in August 1924, the world's first mainline diesel locomotive (SHEL1 Gakkel) entered the Baltic Shipyard.

5. Issues of organization of production - that's what stood in the center of attention, and what his activities were aimed at. To organize a new production meant to make Russia technically advanced country peace. Simultaneously with the work on solving these problems, he managed to first defeat the internal "white" counter-revolution and repel external military intervention (aggression of the Entente countries) by at least 14 powers, including the most powerful ones, and then force the leaders Western world who won the World War, to accept the conditions of existence formed and dictated by Lenin, the leader of the Russian revolution.

6. Lenin turned out to be intellectually stronger than Russian liberals and Russian Westernizers, having managed to find those forces and the way that could solve modernization problems without destroying the basic ones. value features the task of the country is to be able to preserve the traditional for Russia priority of justice over rationality. He turned out to be intellectually stronger than the Slavophiles, having managed to understand that it is impossible to ensure the preservation of the priorities of justice without combining them with rationality and technocracy.
He turned out to be intellectually stronger than the Russian dogmatic Narodniks, who believed that socialist revolution impossible in Russia because its base class, the workers, is a minority and Russian peasantry they regarded it as a "continuous reactionary mass". Lenin was able to understand the revolutionary and creative potential of the Russian peasantry and understand what was his main concern, care for the earth.

7. Lenin won because he always felt what millions wanted. He knew that the distribution of land to the peasants was not a socialist revolution, but the most radical development of capitalism in the countryside. But he knew that the Russian peasants wanted it, and therefore it must be done, because his main strength is in their support, and because it is much more progressive than what was in Russia before. The Socialist-Revolutionaries and Kerensky were unable to resolve the issue of land and carry out their own program, but he was able to. Lenin said about this: “What kind of party is this that had to be overthrown in order to fulfill its own program?”

8. Lenin was the leader of the Russian national revolution, the leader of the uprising of the Russian people against the possessing class that had lost its national roots. And in this respect, today he should have been the idol not only of the Communists, but also, in lesser degree, consistent nationalists. By 1917, the world of the propertied estates, the church, and autocratic courtiers who were groveling before the West was no longer Russian. The Russian world, the Russian way of life and the Russian mentality lived in those who worked - in the peasants, in the workers, in the Russian engineers. It was the alienation of the Church and priests from the Russian people that caused the alienation of the Russian people from them. It can be said that Lenin broke into this world from the future in order, like Peter the Great, to rear up not only Russia, but all of humanity.

Can with no smaller base to argue that this world itself, faced with its own inability to solve its problems, gave birth and called Lenin to rise with his help to a new stage of development. In any case, it is clear that the impact he had on the world and modern civilization is colossal and almost incomparable with the impact of any other politician. Boris Strugatsky once clearly defined the role of Lenin, saying that he practically created new world. As long as there are people who scold Lenin, this only means that they are afraid of him and hate him. Some - due to fear for the privileges they have appropriated, others - because they feel his personal superiority, unattainable for them. Hatred of Lenin is only a manifestation of a sense of one's own psychological complex and envy of those who feel that they are unable to stand on a par with him.

9. Yes, and one more thing: Lenin also gave the first Russian Constitution to the people in 1918.

"The Truth About the Soviet Era"

8 Comment for "Vladimir Ilyich Lenin - People's Leader"

everything is correct. Lenin is the leader of the Russian people at the beginning of more than a thousand years of the leading role of the Russian people, which, according to the Law of Time, has passed from the Europeans since 1920. Lenin possessed the knowledge of the Law of Time, he knew the exact day when, at the peak of the activity of the Russian people, it was necessary to carry out the transformation of the economy from private to public public mood, outlook, but private rule. This knowledge is now available to everyone through explanations of the meaning scientific heritage Pushkina A.S. See the materials of Lobov V.M. about Pushkin, his last report on 40 new unknown works Pushkin on youtube.

Svetlana Lee

Nancy Pelosi, leader of the Democratic Party faction in the US House of Representatives (lower house of Congress), demanded on Tuesday that US Presidential Press Secretary Sean Spicer be fired for comparing Assad to Hitler.
Earlier, White House spokesman Sean Spicer, criticizing Russian support for the Syrian authorities, said that even Adolf Hitler did not use chemical weapon During the Second World War.
“We didn’t use chemical weapons even in World War II… Even someone as nasty as Hitler didn’t stoop to using chemical weapons,” he said at a press conference in again accusing the Syrian authorities and President Bashar al-Assad of the chemical attack in Idlib.
Journalists after the briefing tried to clarify whether Spicer was aware that Nazi Germany used gas chambers. To this, the White House press secretary replied that he was aware, but Hitler did not use chemical weapons in the cities.
Spicer tried to explain himself to reporters, saying that Hitler did not use chemical weapons against his people "in the same way" as Assad allegedly does.
“I am not trying to belittle the horrific nature of the Holocaust. I tried to draw a dividing line between tactics

Svetlana Lee

aviation in order to drop chemical weapons on settlements. Any attack against innocent people is unacceptable,” Spicer explained. From the newspaper "Tomorrow".

Is it possible to compare the role of Lenin in the world and the attitude of the world towards Assad? The Americans leading the coalition to oust Assad consider Hitler a worse evil than Assad. And here Poklonskaya said that “Lenin is the same monster as Hitler. And his hands are up to the elbows in blood. None of the authorities, especially the State Duma or the party, even stopped her. NO ONE! Who are we, who silently betrayed Lenin and encouraged people like Poklonskaya to slander Lenin, who thus turned out to be under the Americans with their unscrupulousness?

SOCIALISM IS OUT OF DATE! NEED COMMUNISM!

LENIN BUILT COMMUNISM, NOT SOCIALISM! 90 YEARS AGO!
And all the leftists do not remember the Commune. And about EQUALITY too!

Socialism was planned by him and Marx as a temporary transitional period. We failed because we sat on socialism for too long. And socialism is a TRANSITIONAL, that is, a TIME PERIOD. SOCIALISM IS OUTDATED. And we need to move forward to communism. And since no one built communism, we rolled into capitalism. On the bastions of socialism destroyed by battles, it is no longer possible to stand, the defense cannot be sustained.

IT IS NECESSARY TO DEAL WITH PURE COMMUNISM, following the communism (not socialism) of Lenin.

1. Lenin's work "The Great Initiative". I quote.
“The word “COMMUNE” has become too easy to use with us .... And at the same time, it is forgotten that SUCH an HONORARY TITLE must be won ... in truly COMMUNIST construction.
Adding an author. Lenin means that the Communes are not state institutions with the chiefs. You shouldn't confuse them. And to call communes only real communes, that is, societies of equals, societies without chiefs.
2. The original version of the article “Immediate tasks of

2. The original version of the article “Immediate Tasks Soviet power." I quote.
“Each FACTORY, each artel…. is an INDEPENDENT COMMUNE with internal organization labor. In each of these COMMUNITIES, an increase in SELF-DISCIPLINE... This is the way we can and must achieve so that the force of example becomes, first of all, a moral, and then a coercively introduced model of the organization of labor in the new Soviet Russia.
Analysis. By the Commune Lenin understands precisely the Commune. Pay attention, there must be SELF-DISCIPLINE in the commune. And under socialism there was DISCIPLINE and this is also correct, but not the same thing. COMMUNE IS SELF-MOVEMENT, and socialism is MOVEMENT under the leadership of the Socialist State. Absolutely opposite.

3. LENIN “How to organize a competition? I quote the leader.
“It is necessary that every COMMUNE - any factory, any village compete with each other ... These are the successes our COMMUNES should be proud of, ... In which COMMUNE ...

4. Draft draft of the DRAFT PROGRAM. Seventh emergency congress of the RCP(b)
"Organization of competition between different communes."
5. LENIN. On the measures of transition from the bourgeois-cooperative to the proletarian-communist

6. LENIN. Speech at the 1st Congress of Agricultural Communes and Agricultural Artels
DECEMBER 4, 1919. I quote.
“We will ensure that each of the SEVERAL THOUSAND COMMUNITIES that now exist
has become a real hotbed of COMMUNIST IDEAS.”
In Lenin, both the word artel and the word community are often found, as synonyms for the commune.
But one must understand that the old commune is only a primitive commune. Scientific modern community these are community theater, community university, community academy of sciences, community division. Scientific communities (communes) are most effective in the most complex industries.

7. Lenin's work "Additions to the project on subbotniks"
“Subbotniks are one of the forms of propaganda of the idea of ​​labor service and SELF-ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKING CLASS”

This is only a small part of Lenin's decrees and theory on the real construction of REAL COMMUNISM, NOT SOCIALISM!
Discussion. Everywhere where the word “SELF” occurs in Lenin, it is ABOUT THE THEORY OF COMMUNISM. After this remark, any worker himself can figure out where Lenin's theory of socialism is, and where is the theory of communism. We have given only a small number of examples showing that Lenin immediately built both socialism and communism.

The decisions of all Stalinist congresses were carried out. It remains to carry out the decisions of all the Leninist congresses on the construction of 1,000 communes. Please note that, according to Lenin, it is also necessary to create FACTORIES (factories)-COMMUNES, and not just rural ones.
On the way to communism, the Great Communist Party will be reborn again, but in a new form, in the form of a networked party Commune. LAW DENIAL DENIAL!
Then everything is simple. If the productivity of COMMUNAL FACTORIES is higher than socialist factories, then everyone will understand that it makes no sense to build socialism for a long time.
We have reached the finish line of heroic Russian history:
ONLY COMMUNISM IS AHEAD.
The era of socialism has passed into history. New era it is the epoch of pure communism, the epoch of millions of Communes.
LENIN IS THE LEADER OF THE COMMUNE!
Comment. Lenin built both socialism and communism at the same time. But as soon as the factories start working, he planned to transform SOCIALISM into COMMUNISM. To do this, he planned, after the restoration of the factories, to DESTROY UNIVERSITY and introduce COLLECTIVE MANAGEMENT. This is Marx's plan. And communism is ready. Cleaners, plumbers are waiting for EQUALITY and higher education

Cleaners, plumbers are waiting for EQUALITY and higher education.
LENIN FULLY BUILT THE THEORY OF COMMUNISM AND THE LAST RUSSIAN VICTORY.
But there are no Leninists. There are Maoists, but there are no Leninists. There are Trotskyists, but there are no Leninists. There are Eurasians, pagans, there are some other mighty Bordigists (don't laugh, they really are), but there are no Leninists. After perestroika, all leftists unanimously abandoned the name of Lenin.
NOT A SINGLE LEFT PARTY WANTED TO BE LENIN!
And this is no coincidence. They really are not Leninist parties, so no one is following them.
The Left does not recognize Lenin's doctrine of communism.
The legend about the Russian Christ turned out to be true.
Where are you, orthodox Leninists? AU.
Communism https Lenin //yadi.sk/d/ibbLtJYz3KGcj4

He is endlessly parodied, films are made about him, books are written ... It is difficult to imagine a person who would not know the name of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Monuments and streets named after him are still found in every city. The history books call him the leader. But the era of worship of the great leader is gone - the mausoleum is no longer lined with people who want to look at the revolutionary. And “Lenin” became just a vivid illustration of history, familiar to everyone by the last name. Probably, only at a time when the deification of Vladimir Ilyich has sunk into oblivion, and a performance about Lenin, but not about the revolution, could arise.

In the performance of Roman Gabria "Love and Lenin" main character- First of all, a person. A simple man with his weaknesses, fears and worries. In the very first scene, he is still associated with “the same Lenin” - the external resemblance of the actor Vasily Shchipitsin immediately refers to a familiar image. But nightmare with the execution, which Ulyanov often saw in a dream, passes, he wakes up in his bed and begins to live. Not as a revolutionary, but as a person - to grumble, be lazy, dress. And already the outward resemblance - a kind of "mask of the great leader" - a beard, a three-piece suit, a cap and fussiness in movements - does not so vehemently refer to a recognizable image. In the little room built on the small stage of the theater, it is not the great leader who wakes up from the loud singing of his wife, but an ordinary man, educated and not tolerating contradictions, but ordinary.

History, breathing not a coup in the country, but private life, unfolds with ease and clarity. Ulyanov's life in exile, about which so little is said in textbooks, has been restored bit by bit. The most striking episodes snatched episodically - Gorky's arrival, the neighbors' wedding, the celebration of the New Year - smoothly pour out of everyday life- setting the table, eating, singing.

And in this seemingly easy life, complete reading, work on translations, going to theaters and concerts, there is a difficulty that suddenly shifts all the accents. Lenin appears as a man with his own desires. And he is easily led to a thin waist, graceful posture and an arrogantly playful look. Inessa Armand (Marina Damineva)- a translator living with the Ulyanov family under the same roof. He, like the most ordinary man, loses his temper in front of this cold and impregnable beauty.

At the same time, Volodya endures all the whims Nadenka (Ksenia Morozova), his wife. A real Russian woman, right along Nekrasov, will stop a galloping horse and enter a burning hut. Complete, ugly, rude, absolutely not looking after herself - a real anti-femininity. But at the same time, Nadenka has a huge soul, containing care for her husband, neighbors, her husband's mother, and Inessa. She manages the whole economy, she keeps everything in her hands. Her anti-femininity explains Lenin's fascination with the beautiful Inessa, but her sincere kindness, her touching simplicity make viewers almost hate her husband for betrayal.

This love triangle, or rather, a vicious circle, and which Lenin got into, becomes the center of the performance. Cold and domineering Inessa beckons, then repels, and a reliable wife is simply always there - and feeds, and trims her toenails, and gives a jacket. So Vladimir rushes from beauty to comfort, from inaccessibility to habit. And in these throwing, he becomes a naive, frightened child, stamping his foot when they disagree with him.

The childishness that Vasily Shchipitsyn adds to his character is in no way associated with Lenin the Leader. But that's exactly what the director wanted to achieve. He probably took as the basis of the role known fact- often the leaders of the people at home are always closed, lost and helpless. It was this formula that Roman Gabria imposed on the figure of Lenin in his performance.

The manner of the game, referring to the psychological theater, is broken by the appearance of the characters of Ilya Borisov. In this performance, along with Gorky and his neighbor Matov, he plays infernal characters - for example, a baritone from the opera " Queen of Spades". He appears either in masks, or with clown makeup on his face. And he is in this worldly history not by chance. No matter how hard you try see in the great leader common man , and yet it was completely impossible to get away from the unusual personality. And these characters appearing like ghosts are definitely a reference to the future. coup d'état. But the show is silent on this.

Text: Yana Chichina

Photo: Daria Pichugina, Nikolai Kazakov