On the anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, everyone usually writes about the accident itself, the liquidators, shows terrible footage, where even on the old Soviet film you can see the effects of radiation. Sometimes they cover life in the contaminated territories in detail or talk about the adventures of stalkers in the "Exclusion Zone".
cause artificial rains, right on the heads of Belarusians. We publish for you a specialized article-investigation from open sources, which shows that Moscow and I have to pay for a lot.
Chernobyl Rain on the heads of Belarusians
For twenty years, the authorities of the USSR, and then Russia, hid the monstrous crime committed by them against the Belarusians. The scandal broke out only in 2007, when the amazing details of the events of 1986 became clear. April 23, 2007 British newspaper " Daily Telegraph"published an article by Richard Gray" ". Here are the highlights from this article:
‘How we made the Chernobyl rain’
Russian military pilots have described how they dispersed clouds to protect Moscow from radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986.
Major Aleksey Grushin took to the skies several times over Chernobyl and Belarus, where he used shells with silver iodide to rain radioactive particles flying towards densely populated cities.
Over 4,000 square miles of Belarusian territory were sacrificed to save Russian capital from toxic radioactive materials.
« «.
Immediately after the Chernobyl disaster nuclear reactor Residents of Belarus reported that black rain fell near the city of Gomel. Shortly before this, planes were visible in the sky, circling above the clouds and dropping some multi-colored substances over them.
Briton Alan Flowers, the first Western scientist who was allowed to travel to the area to measure radioactive emissions in the Chernobyl area, says that as a result of precipitation, the population of Belarus was exposed to radiation 20-30 times more than allowed. The children were severely affected by the radiation.
«.
Moscow has always denied that the rains were caused after the accident, but on the 20th anniversary of the disaster (2006 - ed. note), Major Grushin was among those who received a state award. He claims to have received an award for rain-causing missions during the Chernobyl cleanup.
How exactly did they make it rain?
After this article, the question may arise - how can you actually make it rain? The meaning of the technology is quite simple: the concentration of moisture particles in the cloud leads to the appearance of precipitation, the dispersal - to the impossibility of their formation. If you want to prevent rain, then you should disperse the moisture in the cloud - for this it is enough to fly through it several times on an airplane. But if you want to cause rain, then for this you need to cause condensation of moisture, for which silver vapor (dust) is very suitable, provoking the formation of raindrops. This method was successfully used in the United States as early as the 18th century, when bonfires were kindled, the smoke of which contained the smallest particles of silver.
Laboratory aircraft fly in the Russian Federation and now
Therefore, it is clear that when we are talking about spraying silver nitrate, it means just making it rain.
Criminal confessions
In 2006, the supplement to " Russian newspaper» "Nedelya" published an article " Chernobyl "Cyclone"» » by journalist Igor Elkov with the subtitle “20 years ago, Moscow could have been covered by a radioactive cloud.” Here's the article in full:
"Chernobyl Cyclone"
“Official sources report extremely sparingly about the Cyclone unit. We read a historical note: “In the early 70s in the USSR, as part of the creation of meteorological laboratories, it was decided to re-equip Tu-16 bombers. Tu-16 "Cyclone-N" aircraft were intended for active impact on clouds, as well as for research thermodynamic parameters atmosphere. In 1986, the Tu-16 "Cyclone-N" took part in the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
Long-range bomber Tu-16
Actually, this is all that can be learned from open sources. " Took part“… And how did you receive it? And, in fact, why were bombers needed in Chernobyl?
« - This complex represented 940 50-mm caliber barrels. Equipped with special cartridges, stuffed with silver iodide. To make it easier for you to imagine the effectiveness of this system, I’ll say that one cartridge was enough to make a “hole” in the clouds with a radius of one and a half kilometers (a cloud of one and a half kilometers fell instantly as rain on the ground, cleared of moisture).«
« «
«
The pilot talks about his work in a casual way, as about flights for meteorological experiments: the birth of a cyclone is recorded, the command to take off, measurements, tacks, and active influence. In form, these flights did not differ much from routine ones. Only this time they flew towards radioactive cyclones. Where exactly did the “impact” on the clouds take place? Let's put it this way: not everything in this story has been declassified yet. Someday we'll know. But the expansion of foci of infection was stopped.”
« «
The detachment was disbanded in 1992. "Chernobyl" bomber by that time flew off its resource and was "laid up" in Chkalovsky. The local Greenpeace found out about the "radioactive" plane from somewhere. According to legend, the “greens” arrived at the airfield, made their way to the commander, and made a scandal. After that, the "carcass" was disposed of.
findings
Thus, the participants in the call of deadly rains themselves openly admitted that the leadership of the USSR decided to deliberately destroy thousands and thousands of lives of Belarusians. And no compensation, apology or medical care then we didn't wait. It is worth noting that later, in 2007, Putin awarded the members of the Cyclone detachment, who brought death to Belarusians, with the Order of Dmitry Donskoy. And our country is now choking on the epidemic of cancer, relying only on itself.
The article was written based on materials from publications: The Daily Telegraph, Rossiyskaya Gazeta, BBC, Secret Research.
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On the anniversary of the Chernobyl accident, everyone usually writes about the accident itself, the liquidators, they show terrible footage, where even on film you can see the effects of radiation. Sometimes they cover life in the contaminated territories in detail or talk about groups of stalkers in the Exclusion Zone.
But everyone is silent about one thing terrible fact, which is no less terrible than the silence of the Soviet leadership in the first days of the accident. We are talking about the fact that the radiation clouds at the end of April 1986 moved towards Moscow. But Soviet leadership decided to cause artificial rains, right on the heads of Belarusians. We are publishing a specialized article for you, which shows that Moscow and I have to pay for a lot.
BLACK RAIN OF CHERNOBYL
Judging by the statements of the Russian military, for twenty years the authorities of the USSR and then Russia concealed the monstrous crime committed by them against the Belarusians. The scandal broke out only in 2007, when the amazing details of the events of 1986 became clear.
April 23, 2007 British newspaper " Daily Telegraph"published an article by Richard Gray" How We Caused the Chernobyl Rain". Here are excerpts from this shocking publication:
« Russian military pilots have described how they dispersed clouds to protect Moscow from radioactive fallout after the Chernobyl nuclear disaster in 1986.
Major Aleksey Grushin took to the skies several times over Chernobyl and Belarus, where he used shells with silver iodide to rain radioactive particles flying towards densely populated cities.
Rainmaking experiments have been developed since the mid-1940s.
Over 4,000 square miles of Belarusian territory have been sacrificed to save the Russian capital from toxic radioactive materials.
“The wind was blowing from west to east, and radioactive clouds threatened to reach densely populated areas— Moscow, Voronezh, Nizhny Novgorod, Yaroslavl", he said in documentary titled "Science of the Superstorm", airing today on BBC2.
« If rain fell over these cities, it would be a disaster for millions. The area where my detachment actively collected clouds was located near Chernobyl, not only in the 30-kilometer zone, but at a distance of 50, 70 and even 100 km«.
Immediately after the disaster at the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, residents of Belarus reported that black rain fell near the city of Gomel. Shortly before this, planes were visible in the sky, circling above the clouds and dropping some multi-colored substances over them.
Briton Alan Flowers, the first Western scientist who was allowed to travel to the area to measure radioactive emissions from the Chernobyl region, says the fallout exposed the population of Belarus to 20 to 30 times the legal limit. The children were severely affected by the radiation.
Flowers was expelled from Belarus in 2004 after alleging that Russia had arranged a radioactive rain. He states: « locals say they were not warned before the onset of heavy rain and radioactive fallout«.
Little child with cancer
We have already discussed in detail the mechanisms of weather control in a number of our publications. The meaning is simple: the concentration of moisture particles in the cloud leads to the appearance of precipitation, the dispersal - to the impossibility of their formation. If you want to prevent rain, then you should disperse the moisture in the cloud - for this it is enough to fly through it several times on an airplane or to have another effect (explosions, etc.). But if you want to cause rain, then for this you need to cause condensation of moisture, for which silver vapor (dust) is very suitable, provoking the formation of raindrops. This method was successfully used in the United States as early as the 18th century, when bonfires were kindled, the smoke of which contained the smallest particles of silver.
Therefore, it is quite clear that when it comes to spraying silver nitrate, this means ONLY making rain.
A cloud of incandescent dust, raised by the fire of an atomic fire to a monstrous height, could remain in the air indefinitely in clear weather. And the whole problem was that the trajectory of this cloud pointed towards Moscow. And the problem was aggravated by the fact that as it approached Moscow, the weather was just not clear - there was a thunderstorm front. Specialists (and even non-specialists) were obliged to understand that it was there, in this storm front in front of Moscow and over Moscow, that this dust cloud should be washed down to the ground by precipitation.
Chernobyl deactivation
In 1986, there were two services for influencing the weather in the USSR - civil and military. The fact that the dispersal of clouds over Belarus was carried out not by the civil service, but by the military, already shows that the action was secret, not subject to publicity.
Criminal confessions
Supplement to Rossiyskaya Gazeta Nedelya (No. 4049 dated April 21, 2006) published an article “ Chernobyl "Cyclone"»» by journalist Igor Elkov with the subtitle «20 years ago Moscow could have been covered by a radioactive cloud». There it was written:
« Official sources report extremely sparingly about the Cyclone unit. We read a historical note: “In the early 70s in the USSR, as part of the creation of meteorological laboratories, it was decided to re-equip Tu-16 bombers. Tu-16 "Cyclone-N" aircraft were intended for active impact on clouds, as well as for studying the thermodynamic parameters of the atmosphere. In 1986, the Tu-16 "Cyclone-N" took part in the aftermath of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant«.
Long-range bomber Tu-16
Actually, this is all that can be learned from open sources. "Participated" ... And how - took? And, in fact, why were bombers needed in Chernobyl?
Threatened by radioactive contamination turned out to be densely populated areas: from the Caspian Sea to Moscow, including the capital itself. Something had to be done. And do it very quickly. Helicopters could not "stop" the radioactive wind. For these purposes, it was decided to use special bombers of the Cyclone detachment.
Officially, the Tu-16 "Cyclone" was called a meteorological laboratory. Although it is more logical to call this aircraft a meteorological bomber. Both the car and the operating conditions were unique. Tu-16 in his, so to speak, Everyday life known in the world under the name Badger - "Badger". This is the first Soviet serial long-range swept-wing bomber. For its time, "Badger" was a serious "beast": it carried nuclear bombs and rockets, armed with seven guns, developed a speed of up to 990 km / h and had a practical ceiling of about 12 thousand meters. The civilian version of the bomber is known to the world as the Tu-104 airliner.
An example of a meteorological laboratory aircraft
Part of the artillery was removed from the aircraft, the so-called complex of cluster holders of special equipment was placed in the bomb bay:
« - This complex represented 940 50-mm caliber barrels. Equipped with special cartridges filled with silver iodide. To make it easier for you to imagine the effectiveness of this system, I’ll say that one cartridge was enough to make a “hole” in the clouds with a radius of one and a half kilometers (a cloud of one and a half kilometers fell instantly as rain on the ground, cleared of moisture).«
Special meteorological bombs were developed, but for some reason they were abandoned. But on the beam holders under the wing of the Tu-16 were suspended containers for spraying cement brand "600".
« But it could be called cement conditionally," continues the story. former pilot. « The substance was actually also a chemical reagent. Cement, like silver iodide cartridges, was designed to disperse clouds (instantaneous precipitation).«
“The work was hard labor. On average, they flew two to three times a week. Each flight lasted about six hours. And, as a rule, in the stratosphere, that is, in masks. The crew breathed a mixture of half pure oxygen. After such a six-hour "oxygen cocktail", according to the pilots, on the ground everyone drank a bucket of water - and could not get drunk.«
Both crews of the Cyclone detachment flew to fight the "Chernobyl clouds", but always on the same Tu-16.
The pilot talks about the work in a casual way, as about flights for meteorological experiments: the birth of a cyclone is fixed, the command to take off, measurements, tacks, active influence. In form, these flights did not differ much from routine ones. Only this time they flew towards radioactive cyclones.
Where exactly did the “impact” on the clouds take place? Let's put it this way: not everything in this story has been declassified yet. Someday we'll know. But the expansion of foci of infection was stopped.”
The territory of Belarus contaminated with radionuclides
As a result, through the efforts of the crews of this Cyclone detachment, in the first days after the disaster, 2/3 of the radiation was dumped into Belarus and not allowed to reach Moscow.
« The battle of our "Cyclone" with "nuclear" cyclones ceased in December 1986, after the first snow fell and covered the radioactive dust. At that time, in our youth, we treated radiation and irradiation lightly. After all, no one really explained to us how to handle dosimeters, how to record exposure. First time serious attitude to this problem we felt at the airfield Bila Tserkva. It happened almost a year after the disaster, in April 1987. I have already told you how they met us there and how technicians with dosimeters fled from our plane. I don’t know what their instruments showed, but they flatly refused to accept pistols and parachutes from us at this airfield. At first, they did not even want to accommodate the crew in a hotel. Then, nevertheless, they settled, but allocated a separate wing, from where everyone immediately left. The plane was washed from morning to evening for two weeks. It seems to have been washed.«
« The detachment was disbanded in 1992. "Chernobyl" bomber by that time flew off its resource and was "laid up" in Chkalovsky. The local Greenpeace found out about the "radioactive" plane from somewhere. According to legend, the “greens” arrived at the airfield, made their way to the commander, and made a scandal. After that, the "carcass" was disposed of.«
Thus, the leadership of the RSFSR decided that the main gifts from Chernobyl should go to the BSSR. And we did not wait for any compensation, apologies or help. It is worth noting that later, in 2007, Putin awarded the members of the Cyclone detachment, who brought death to Belarusians, with the Orthodox orders of Dmitry Donskoy. But our country is now suffering from many oncological diseases, relying only on itself.
The twenty-four years that have passed since the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant have not helped the inhabitants of the affected territories much - the surveyed areas look on the pages of the atlas affected by severe allergies. And it will take them a long time to recover.
radioactive book
“The Atlas of Modern and Predictive Aspects of the Consequences of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant Accident in the Affected Territories of Russia and Belarus” – this is exactly what its full name sounds like – makes it possible to realistically assess the degree of radioactive contamination of the territories affected by this largest man-made disaster in the history of mankind. A series of maps from the atlas shows how the situation has changed from the time of the accident to the present. It also contains forecast maps that predict the dynamics of radioactive contamination until 2056.
Acquaintance with the maps of the atlas allows us to draw disappointing conclusions. Despite the fact that 24 years have passed since the accident and most of the radioactive elements with a short half-life have already disappeared, and such as cesium-137 continue to decay, the maps clearly show that even now many areas and settlements Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Gomel regions have pollution levels exceeding those that are safe for life. On the maps, these areas are highlighted in crimson. In fact, behind these bright spots are the lives of people living in these territories.
Catastrophe
The accident occurred at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant on April 26, 1986. As a result thermal explosion On the fourth block of the nuclear power plant, almost the entire set of radionuclides that were in the reactor at the time of the explosion got into the atmosphere - a total of 21 elements. Most of these elements have a half-life of no more than two to three years. There are elements whose half-lives are huge - for example, for transuranic radionuclides (for plutonium-239 it is 24,110 years), but at the same time they have low volatility: they do not spread further than 60 km from the reactor. Of everything big list radioactive elements in the atmosphere, the greatest danger is the isotopes of cesium-137 and strontium-90. This is due to several reasons. Cesium-137 is a long-lived radionuclide (its half-life is 30 years), it is well preserved in the landscape and included in the life of the ecosystem, in addition, it is this element that has spread to the greatest distances from nuclear power plants.
If we talk about the nature of the spread of radioactive contamination after the accident, scientists believe that the process was influenced primarily by the meteorological situation and the movement of air particles for several days after the disaster. According to the data presented in the atlas, from April 26 to April 29, 1986, radioactive substances moved in the surface layer at a height of 200 m in the northwest, north and northeast direction from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Later, until May 7-8, the transfer continued in the southwestern and southbound. At the same time, almost immediately after the ejection at an altitude of several kilometers, western transport joined the process air masses- this is how the eastern Chernobyl trace was formed - spots of radioactive contamination that reached the countries of Europe. These spots were found in Austria, Great Britain, Germany, Greece, Italy, Norway, Poland, Sweden, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Finland.
Undoubtedly, the territories located near the nuclear power plant - Ukraine, the European part of Russia and Belarus - suffered the most. The area of land where the density of pollution left more than 37 kBq / m 2 (this is the level above which living in this territory is dangerous) in the European part of Russia is 60 thousand km 2, in Ukraine - 38 thousand km 2, and Belarus -- 46 thousand km 2 . The highest levels of pollution in Russia were in the Bryansk, and then in the Tula and Kaluga regions. In Belarus, this is the Gomel region.
Russia pollution
Over the years, the compilers of the atlas repeatedly bypassed the contaminated zones and measured the content of radioactive isotopes in the soil. This allowed them to create a dynamic picture of the release of land from radiation. However, as the maps show, such a liberation will not come soon.
So, almost half of the Bryansk region remains heavily polluted to this day. In fact, the central and northwestern zones, limited by the cities of Bryansk, Zhukovka, Surazh and Pochep, can be considered more or less free. The hardest hit, of course, was the western part of the Bryansk region (west of Starodub and Klintsy). In the "red" zone there are such cities and villages as Novozybkov, Zlynka, Vyshkov, Svyatsk, Ushcherle, Vereshchaki, Mirny, Yalovka, Perelazy, Nikolaevka, Shiryaevo, Zaborye, Krasnaya Gora ... But residents of the southern regions of Bryansk region also need to without fail be examined by oncologists. Moreover, the forests alienated from deforestation outgrow and periodically burn, throwing more and more portions of strontium and cesium into the air. And in the north, in the area of the cities of Dyatkovo and Fokino (especially between them - near Lyubohna), the concentration of radionuclides almost reaches the resettlement threshold.
In the heavily affected zone of the Kaluga region ( southern regions) remain up to 30 villages and towns of Spas-Demensky, Kirovsky, Lyudinovsky, Zhizdrinsky and Kozelsky districts of the region. The most dangerous concentrations of radioactive isotopes remain in the areas of Afanasyevo, Melehovo, Kireykovo, Dudorovsky, Ktsyn, Sudimir and Korenevo.
In 1986, the Oryol region was covered almost completely - only the southeastern corner of the region remained more or less clean. The strongest doses of radiation fell on residents of the Bolkhovsky district (north of the region) and territories just south of Orel. As later measurements show, the Livninsky district is still the only one truly habitable in terms of radioactive contamination. And residents of both Orel itself and all other districts of the region (especially Bolkhovsky) should not go anywhere without a dosimeter.
The cloud divided the Tula region in half. The zone north and northwest of Tula remained relatively clean, but everything south of the regional center fell into the zone of radioactive fallout. The city of Plavsk became the center of the most polluted region. And it stretches from the western edge of the Tula region with a long tongue, reaching the Uzlovaya.
Now that almost half of the caesium-137 has decayed, the life-threatening zone (with the right to evacuate) has shrunk around Plavsk. However, the zone of special control over this period did not decrease much, which indicates a fairly high concentration of the isotope hazardous to health.
Belarus pollution
Brest, the westernmost of the surveyed regions, received the main radioactive charge on the right side, from Lulinets and to the east. Although due to the terrain fallout also fell in the area of the cities of Drogichin, Pinsk, as well as the villages of Svyataya Volya, Smolyanitsa, Lyskovo and Molchad. By 2010, residence zones with the right to resettlement remained around the city of Stolin and in the area of the villages of Vulka-2 and Gorodnaya.
In the Gomel region, everything is, of course, much worse. Until now, the south of the region (south of the cities of Yelsk and Khoiniki) is covered with red-violet spots of infection, poorly compatible with healthy and long life. However, the same can be said about the area that starts from Gomel and stretches to the northern and eastern edges of the region. The most favorable zone here is under the category of "residence with the right to resettlement." Almost the rest of the territory of the region belongs to the zone with living under special control radiologists.
Most affected areas Grodno region(the east, the Slonim-Dyatlovo-Berezovka-Ivye-Yuratishki line, as well as the Berezovka-Lida and Ivye-Krasnoe lines) fell only into the category of zones with living under radiation control. Here, the annual effective dose does not exceed 1 mSv. Which, however, with prolonged exposure is also quite a lot.
In the Minsk region, the outskirts fell under the radioactive cloud - the south of the Soligorsk region, the western Volzhinsky region, the eastern Berezinsky, as well as a relatively small territory lying on the border of the Vileika and Logoisk regions north of Minsk. The center of the northern zone is the village of Yanushkovichi. However, despite the locality of the lesion, the centers of radioactive territories are so dangerous that they still fall under the category of "residence with the right to resettlement."
Lying to the north of Gomel, the Mogilev region was much less fortunate - the cloud passed through the very center of the region. Therefore, the zone bounded by the cities of Kirovsk, Klichev, Mogilev, Chausy, Krichev, Klimovichi and Kostyukovichi remains poorly suitable for life, and in some places it is contraindicated. True, over these 24 years, the above cities have been outside the specified zone and now limit it from the outside. With the exception of Mogilev, which is still in the zone with habitation under radiation control, as well as Chaus, which, due to the activity of local isotopes, still remain in the zone of habitation with the right to resettle.
Strontium-90 pollution is concentrated in the Gomel region, especially in the south. The second of the large affected areas is located in the northeast of the region.
Future
Although the compilers of the atlas claim that the level of radioactivity in the affected areas has dropped significantly (and this is true), the forecast is not encouraging even for 2056: although by this time the distribution areas of cesium-137 and strontium-90 will have decreased, locally there will still be zones with exceeding the limit allowed values. Thus, the exclusion zones will disappear from the territory of Russia only in 2049. Priority resettlement zones - only by the year 2100, and to say that the radiation background in them is slightly higher than the natural one, scientists will be able to say without prejudice only by the year 2400. For Belarus, which received more serious damage, these terms are even more shifted. Even in 2056 (this is the last year for which the compilers of the atlas make a clear forecast), the Gomel region looks like a person with advanced allergies.
An atlas was published under the auspices of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia and Belarus. Despite the fact that the disaster itself occurred on the territory of Ukraine, its MNF did not participate in the project. And there are no maps of the defeat of Ukrainian territories, respectively, in the atlas. Nevertheless, in the near future the site will tell you what is happening in the most important exclusion zone and its environs.
Map of areas contaminated as a result of the Chernobyl accident
Knowledge is power. Places not worth living near. And ideally - not even to appear nearby. :)
Nuclear power plants.
Balakovo (Balakovo, Saratov region).
Beloyarskaya (Beloyarsky, Yekaterinburg region).
Bilibino ATES (Bilibino, Magadan region).
Kalininskaya (Udomlya, Tver region).
Kola (Polyarnye Zori, Murmansk region).
Leningrad (Sosnovy Bor, St. Petersburg region).
Smolensk (Desnogorsk, Smolensk region).
Kursk (Kurchatov, Kursk region).
Novovoronezhskaya (Novovoronezhsk, Voronezh region).
Sources:
http://en.wikipedia.org
unknown source
Special regime cities of the nuclear weapons complex.
Arzamas-16 (now the Kremlin, Nizhny Novgorod region). VNII experimental physics. Development and design of nuclear charges. Experimental plant "Communist". Electromechanical plant "Avangard" (serial production).
Zlatoust-36 ( Chelyabinsk region). Serial production of nuclear warheads (?) and ballistic missiles for submarines (SLBMs).
Krasnoyarsk-26 (now Zheleznogorsk). Underground mining and chemical plant. Processing of irradiated fuel from nuclear power plants, production of weapons-grade plutonium. Three nuclear reactors.
Krasnoyarsk-45. Electromechanical plant. Uranium enrichment (?). Serial production of ballistic missiles for submarines (SLBMs). Creation spacecraft, mainly satellites for military, reconnaissance purposes.
Sverdlovsk-44. Serial assembly of nuclear weapons.
Sverdlovsk-45. Serial assembly of nuclear weapons.
Tomsk-7 (now Seversk). Siberian Chemical Combine. Enrichment of uranium, production of weapons-grade plutonium.
Chelyabinsk-65 (now Ozersk). Software "Mayak". Reprocessing of irradiated fuel from nuclear power plants and ship nuclear power plants, production of weapons-grade plutonium.
Chelyabinsk-70 (now Snezhinsk). VNII of technical physics. Development and design of nuclear charges.
Testing ground nuclear weapons.
Northern (1954-1992). Since February 27, 1992 - the Central training ground of the Russian Federation.
Research and educational atomic centers and institutions with research nuclear reactors.
Sosnovy Bor (St. Petersburg region). Naval Training Center.
Dubna (Moscow region). Joint Institute for Nuclear Research.
Obninsk ( Kaluga region). NPO "Typhoon". Institute of Physics and Power Engineering (IPPE). Installations "Topaz-1", "Topaz-2". Naval Training Center.
Moscow. Institute atomic energy them. I. V. Kurchatova (thermonuclear complex ANGARA-5). Moscow Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI). Research production association "Aileron". Research and production association "Energy". Physics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology(MIPT). Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics.
Protvino (Moscow region). Institute of High Energy Physics. Accelerator of elementary particles.
Sverdlovsk branch of the Research and Design Institute of Experimental Technologies. (40 km from Yekaterinburg).
Novosibirsk. Academgorodok of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Troitsk (Moscow region). Institute thermonuclear research(Installation "Tokomak").
Dimitrovgrad (Ulyanovsk region). Research Institute of Nuclear Reactors. V.I. Lenin.
Nizhny Novgorod. Design Bureau of Nuclear Reactors.
St. Petersburg. Research and production association "Electrophysics". Radium Institute. V. G. Khlopina. Research and Design Institute of Energy Technology. Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene of the Ministry of Health of Russia.
Norilsk. Experimental nuclear reactor.
Podolsk Scientific Research Production Association "Luch".
Deposits of uranium, enterprises for its extraction and primary processing.
Lermontov (Stavropol Territory). Uranium-molybdenum inclusions of volcanic rocks. Software "Diamond". Extraction and enrichment of ore.
Pervomaisky (Chita region). Zabaikalsky Mining and Processing Plant.
Vikhorevka ( Irkutsk region). Extraction (?) of uranium and thorium.
Aldan (Yakutia). Mining of uranium, thorium and rare earth elements.
Slyudyanka (Irkutsk region). Deposit of uranium-containing and rare earth elements.
Krasnokamensk (Chita region). Uranium mine.
Borsk (Chita region). A depleted (?) uranium mine - the so-called "gorge of death", where ore was mined by prisoners of Stalin's legers.
Lovozero (Murmansk region). Uranium and thorium minerals.
Lake Onega area. Uranium and vanadium minerals.
Vishnevogorsk, Novogorny (Central Ural). uranium mineralization.
uranium metallurgy.
Elektrostal (Moscow region). Software "Machine-building plant".
Novosibirsk. PO "Plant of chemical concentrates".
Glazov (Udmurtia). PO "Chepetsky Mechanical Plant".
Enterprises for the production of nuclear fuel, highly enriched uranium and weapons-grade plutonium.
Chelyabinsk-65 (Chelyabinsk region). Software "Mayak".
Tomsk-7 ( Tomsk region). Siberian chemical plant.
Krasnoyarsk-26 ( Krasnoyarsk region). Mining and chemical plant.
Yekaterinburg. Ural Electrochemical Plant.
Kirovo-Chepetsk (Kirov region). Chemical plant them. B. P. Konstantinova.
Angarsk (Irkutsk region). Chemical electrolysis plant.
Shipbuilding and ship repair plants and nuclear fleet bases.
St. Petersburg. Leningrad Admiralty Association. Software "Baltic Plant".
Severodvinsk. Production Association "Sevmashpredpriyatie", Production Association "Sever".
Nizhny Novgorod. Software "Krasnoe Sormovo".
Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Shipyard "Leninsky Komsomol".
Big Stone (Primorsky Territory). Shipyard "Zvezda".
Murmansk. Technical base of PTO "Atomflot", shipyard "Nerpa"
Bases of nuclear submarines (Nuclear submarines) of the Northern Fleet.
Zapadnaya Litsa (Nerpichya Bay).
Gadzhiyevo.
Polar.
Vidyaevo.
Yokanga.
Gremikha.
Bases of nuclear submarines of the Pacific Fleet.
Fishing.
Vladivostok (Gulf of Vladimir and Pavlovsky Bay),
Soviet harbor.
Nakhodka.
Magadan.
Aleksandrovsk-Sakhalinsky.
Korsakov.
Storage areas for ballistic missiles for submarines.
Revda (Murmansk region).
Nenoksa (Arkhangelsk region).
Points of equipping missiles with nuclear warheads and loading into submarines.
Severodvinsk.
Guba Okolnaya (Kola Bay).
Places of temporary storage of irradiated nuclear fuel and enterprises for its processing
NPP industrial sites.
Murmansk. Lighter "Lepse", mother ship "Imandra" PTO "Atom-flot".
Polar. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Yokanga. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Pavlovsky bay. Technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Chelyabinsk-65. Software "Mayak".
Krasnoyarsk-26. Mining and chemical plant.
Industrial accumulators and regional storages (burial grounds) of radioactive and atomic waste.
NPP industrial sites.
Krasnoyarsk-26. Mining and chemical plant, RT-2.
Chelyabinsk-65. Software "Mayak".
Tomsk-7. Siberian chemical plant.
Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk region). The industrial site of the Zvyozdochka shipyard of the Sever Production Association.
Big Stone (Primorsky Territory). Industrial site of the Zvezda shipyard.
Zapadnaya Litsa (Andreeva Bay). Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Gremikha. Technical base of the Northern Fleet.
Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma Bay). Ship repair and technical base Pacific Fleet.
Fishing. Technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Places of sludge and disposal of decommissioned ships of the navy and civilian ships with nuclear power plants.
Polyarny, base of the Northern Fleet.
Gremikha, base of the Northern Fleet.
Yokanga, base of the Northern Fleet.
Zapadnaya Litsa (Andreeva Bay), base of the Northern Fleet.
Severodvinsk, industrial water area of the production association "Sever".
Murmansk, Atomflot technical base.
Bolshoy Kamen, water area of the Zvezda shipyard.
Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma Bay), technical base of the Pacific Fleet.
Sovetskaya Gavan, the water area of the military-technical base.
Rybachy, base of the Pacific Fleet.
Vladivostok (Pavlovsky Bay, Vladimir Bay), bases of the Pacific Fleet.
Undeclared areas of liquid RW discharge and solid RW flooding.
Discharge sites for liquid radioactive waste in the Barents Sea.
Areas of solid flooding radioactive waste in shallow bays of the Kara side of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and in the area of the Novaya Zemlya deep-water basin.
Point of unauthorized flooding of the Nickel lighter with solid radioactive waste.
Guba Chernaya of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago. The place where the pilot ship "Kit" was laid up, on which experiments were carried out with chemical warfare agents.
contaminated areas.
A 30-kilometer sanitary zone and areas contaminated with radionuclides as a result of the catastrophe on April 26, 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.
The East Ural radioactive trace formed as a result of the explosion on September 29, 1957 of a container with high-level waste at an enterprise in Kyshtym (Chelyabinsk-65).
Radioactive contamination of the Techa-Iset-Tobol-Irtysh-Ob river basin as a result of long-term discharge of radiochemical production waste at the facilities of the nuclear (weapons and energy) complex in Kyshtym and the spread of radioisotopes from open radioactive waste storage facilities due to wind erosion.
Radioactive contamination of the Yenisei and individual sections floodplains as a result of the industrial operation of two once-through water reactors of the mining and chemical plant and the operation of a radioactive waste storage facility in Krasnoyarsk-26.
Radioactive contamination of the territory in the sanitary protection zone of the Siberian Chemical Combine (Tomsk-7) and beyond.
Officially recognized sanitary zones at the sites of the first nuclear explosions on land, under water and in the atmosphere at the nuclear weapons test sites on Novaya Zemlya.
Totsky district Orenburg region. Location of military exercises for endurance personnel and military equipment to the damaging factors of the nuclear explosion on September 14, 1954 in the atmosphere.
Radioactive release as a result of unauthorized launch of the nuclear submarine reactor, accompanied by a fire, at shipyard"Asterisk" in Severodvinsk (Arkhangelsk region) 02/12/1965
Radioactive release as a result of an unauthorized launch of a nuclear submarine reactor, accompanied by a fire, at the Krasnoye Sormovo shipyard in Nizhny Novgorod in 1970.
Local radioactive contamination of the water area and adjacent areas as a result of unauthorized launch and thermal explosion of the nuclear submarine reactor during its reloading at the shipyard of the Navy in Shkotovo-22 (Chazhma Bay) in 1985.
Pollution of coastal waters of the Novaya Zemlya archipelago and open areas of the Kara and Barents Seas due to the discharge of liquid and flooding of solid radioactive waste by ships of the Navy and Atomflot.
Locations of underground nuclear explosions in the interests of National economy, where the output of products is marked nuclear reactions on the surface of the earth or underground migration of radionuclides is possible.
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List of nuclear facilities in Russia. Part 2.
We continue the topic of places from which you need to stay away ... In addition to the existing nuclear facilities in Russia, we got from the USSR a large number of nuclear explosions carried out for "decent purposes".
In the period from 1965 to 1988, 124 peaceful nuclear explosions were carried out in the USSR in the interests of the national economy. Of these, the objects Kraton-3, Kristall, Taiga and Globus-1 were recognized as emergency.
Figure 1. Nuclear explosions for seismic sounding of the territory of the USSR.
The rectangle indicates the names of projects carried out using VNIITF devices.
Figure 2. Industrial nuclear explosions on the territory of the USSR.
The rectangle indicates the names of projects carried out using VNIITF nuclear explosive devices.
List of nuclear explosions by regions of Russia
Arhangelsk region.
"Globus-2". 80 km northeast of Kotlas (160 km northeast east of the city Veliky Ustyug), 2.3 kilotons, October 4, 1971. On September 9, 1988, the Rubin-1 explosion with a capacity of 8.5 kilotons was carried out there, the last peaceful nuclear explosion in the USSR.
"Agate". 150 km west of the city Mezen, July 19, 1985, 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Astrakhan region.
15 explosions under the Vega program - the creation of underground tanks for storing gas condensate. The power of the charges is from 3.2 to 13.5 kilotons. 40 km from Astrakhan, 1980-1984.
Bashkiria.
Kama series. Two explosions of 10 kilotons each in 1973 and 1974, 22 km west of the city of Sterlitamak. Creation of underground tanks for the disposal of industrial effluents from the Salavat petrochemical plant and the Sterlitamak soda-cement plant.
In 1980 - five explosions "Butan" with a capacity of 2.3 to 3.2 kilotons 40 km east of the city of Meleuz at the Grachevsky oil field. Intensification of oil and gas production.
Irkutsk region.
"Meteorite-4". 12 km northeast of the village of Ust-Kut, September 10, 1977, power - 7.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Rift-3". 160 km north of Irkutsk, July 31, 1982, power - 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Kemerovo region.
"Quartz-4", 50 km southwest of Mariinsk, September 18, 1984, capacity - 10 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Murmansk region.
"Dnepr-1". 20-21 km northeast of Kirovsk, September 4, 1972, power - 2.1 kilotons. Crushing of apatite ore. In 1984, a similar explosion "Dnepr-2" was carried out there.
Ivanovo region.
"Globe-1". 40 km northeast of Kineshma, September 19, 1971, power - 2.3 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Kalmykia.
"Region-4". 80 km northeast of Elista, October 3, 1972, power - 6.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Komi.
"Globus-4". 25 km southwest of Vorkuta, July 2, 1971, power - 2.3 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Globe-3". 130 km southwest of the city of Pechora, 20 km east railway station Lemew, July 10, 1971, 2.3 kiloton yield. Seismic sounding.
"Quartz-2". 80 km southwest of Pechora, August 11, 1984, power - 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Krasnoyarsk region.
"Horizon-3". Lake Lama, Cape Thin, September 29, 1975, power - 7.6 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Meteorite-2". Lake Lama, Cape Thin, July 26, 1977, capacity - 13 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Kraton-2". 95 km southwest of the city of Igarka, September 21, 1978, power - 15 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Rift-4". 25-30 km southeast of the village of Noginsk, capacity 8.5 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
"Rift-1". Ust-Yenisei region, 190 km west of Dudinka, October 4, 1982, capacity - 16 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Orenburg region.
"Magistral" (another name is "Sovkhoznoe"). 65 km northeast of Orenburg, June 25, 1970, power - 2.3 kilotons. Creation of a cavity in an array of rock salt at the Orenburg gas-oil condensate field.
Two explosions of 15 kilotons "Sapphire" (another name is "Dedurovka"), produced in 1971 and 1973. Creation of a container in an array of rock salt.
"Region-1" and "Region-2": 70 km southwest of the city of Buzuluk, capacity - 2.3 kilotons, November 24, 1972. Seismic sounding.
Perm region.
"Griffin" - in 1969, two explosions of 7.6 kilotons in 10 km south of the city Osa, at the Osinsky oil field. Intensification of oil production.
"Taiga". March 23, 1971, three charges of 5 kilotons in the Cherdynsky district of the Perm region, 100 km north of the city of Krasnovishersk. Excavation, for the construction of the Pechora-Kama canal.
Five explosions with a capacity of 3.2 kilotons from the Helium series, 20 km southeast of the city of Krasnovishersk, which were carried out in 1981-1987. Intensification of oil and gas production at the Gezha oil field. Intensification of oil and gas production.
Stavropol region.
"Otahta-Kugulta". 90 km north of Stavropol, August 25, 1969, capacity - 10 kilotons. Intensification of gas production.
Tyumen region.
"Tavda". 70 km northeast of Tyumen, capacity 0.3 kilotons. Creation of an underground reservoir.
Yakutia.
"Crystal". 70 km northeast of the village of Aikhal, 2 km from the village of Udachny-2, October 2, 1974, capacity - 1.7 kilotons. Creation of a dam for the Udachny mining and processing plant.
"Horizon-4". 120 km southwest of the city of Tiksi, August 12, 1975, 7.6 kilotons.
From 1976 to 1987 - five explosions with a capacity of 15 kilotons from the series of explosions "Oka", "Sheksna", "Neva". 120 km southwest of the city of Mirny, on the Srednebotuobinsky oil field. Intensification of oil production.
"Kraton-4". 90 km northwest of the village of Sangar, August 9, 1978, 22 kilotons, seismic sounding.
"Kraton-3", 50 km east of the village of Aikhal, August 24, 1978, capacity - 19 kilotons. Seismic sounding.
Seismic sounding. "Vyatka". 120 km southwest of the city of Mirny, October 8, 1978, 15 kilotons. Intensification of oil and gas production.
"Kimberlite-4". 130 km southwest of Verkhnevilyuisk, August 12, 1979, 8.5 kilotons, seismic sounding.
On air Ulyanovsk, Sergey Gogin:
Dimitrovgrad is the second largest city Ulyanovsk region- is known for the fact that the Scientific Research Institute of Atomic Reactors, abbreviated as RIAR, is located here. As follows from the analysis of medical statistics conducted by the municipal "Environmental Protection Service", since 1997, the number of endocrine diseases began to grow among the population of the city, and quite sharply. And by 2000, the incidence had almost quadrupled. It was in the summer of 1997 that an increased release of radioactive iodine-131 took place at RIAR for three weeks. Says the head of the Dimitrovgrad public organization"Center for the Development of Civic Initiatives" Mikhail Piskunov.
Mikhail Piskunov: It was the shutdown of the reactor on 25 July. It was necessary to pull out the TVEL with broken sealing. But due to the fact that the staff made a mistake, both inert gases and iodine were released.
Sergei Gogin: Radioactive iodine is dangerous for the thyroid gland, because it actively accumulates in it, causing cancer and other diseases. They were noted in people who fell into the zone of action Chernobyl accident. Mikhail Piskunov calls the incident at RIAR a mini-Chernobyl.
Mikhail Piskunov: The Middle Volga region is an iodine-deficient region. There is a lack of stable iodine in water and food. Concerning thyroid actively absorbs radioactive iodine, if iodine prophylaxis is not carried out.
Sergei Gogin: In 2003, human rights activist and journalist Piskunov published an article in the Dimitrovgrad newspaper Channel 25, where he stated that his organization predicted an increase in thyroid diseases among Dimitrovgrad residents after the incident at RIAR. He referred to statistics from which it followed that in 2000, endocrine disorders in children in Dimitrovgad were five times more common than on average in Russia.
Mikhail Piskunov: Radioactive iodine was found in the milk of cows. Probably, this radioactive substance began to enter the body of children. And even more dangerous in this situation are children who are in the womb. Because they have a small thyroid gland. The consequences for these children will appear in 10-15 years.
Sergei Gogin: The leadership of the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors filed a lawsuit against the newspaper and Mikhail Piskunov for the protection of honor, dignity and business reputation. The process took over three years. The Ulyanovsk Arbitration Court twice satisfied the claim, the federal court of the Volga District twice canceled this decision. The trial was moved to the neighboring region. Court of Arbitration Penza region partially satisfied the claim, recognizing that Mikhail Piskunov should not have qualified the incident as an accident in his article. On the other hand, the court upheld the ecologist's right to express an opinion on the possible consequences of the radiation accident at RIAR for public health.
What is important is that Mikhail Piskunov used the court as a tool for obtaining the truth. RIAR had to provide the court with about two dozen documents confirming the release of radioactive iodine in 1997.
Mikhail Piskunov: The most important thing that we received was two certificates. Set emission limit. And how much was thrown out every day, and sometimes it was 15-20 times higher.
Sergey Gogin: Based on the data obtained in court, Piskunov claims that in three weeks RIAR released 500 Curies of radioactive iodine into the atmosphere, which could harm the health of the population of the entire Middle Volga region. I did not manage to talk to any of the specialists from the Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad. They don't comment on the phone here. The maximum that was achieved was a short commentary by the head of the RIAR press service, Galina Pavlova:
Galina Pavlova: The management of the Institute is satisfied with the decision made by the court.
Sergei Gogin: Nuclear workers insist: there was no accident in 1997, the radiation did not go beyond the sanitary protection zone. Therefore, there was no need to frighten people, just as there was no need for iodine prophylaxis. The latter conclusion, by the way, is refuted by the examination of the Endocrinological scientific center Russian Academy medical sciences conducted at the request of Mikhail Piskunov. Ulyanovsk ecologist Ivan Pogodin believes that it is important not to talk about the terms - an accident or not an accident, but the fact that there was a release of an active isotope of iodine or not.
Ivan Pogodin: The consequences are important. If an excess of 15-20 times is proved, then, I believe that regardless of the statute of limitations, this case cannot be closed. Again, it is necessary to raise the medical statistics for the past years. Just after 10 years, usually, if something affects the health of the population, then the dynamics can be traced.
Sergei Gogin: Human rights activist Mikhail Piskunov says that he intends to seek improved organization of iodine prophylaxis for the residents of Dimitrovgrad in case of a radioactive release.
http://www.svobodanews.ru/Forum/11994.html
http://www.site/users/igor_korn/post92986428
At first glance, the answer to this question will be as logically justified as to the sacramental "how does a raven look like a desk?". But only at first glance. On the second - an associative chain of answers will begin to line up, keywords which will be "accident" and "radioactive". And those who are especially knowledgeable will remember RIAR.
The Research Institute of Atomic Reactors is potentially the most dangerous place in Russia, if not in all of Eurasia. But, in order.
This enterprise was created in the early 60s for the study of all possible problems nuclear energy. This honorable task was decided to be carried out in the Ulyanovsk region. The city of Dimitrovgrad was lucky. The nearest cities are Ulyanovsk (100 km) and Samara (250 km).
“... A city in a forest or a forest in a city? - ask the guests who came here for the first time, surprised by the enchanting beauty of the city landscape ... "is written on the official website of RIAR, describing" a unique experimental base based on seven research reactors (SM, MIR, RBT-6, RBT-10/1, RBT-10 /2, BOR-60, VK-50), which allows to conduct research on topical issues nuclear energy industry" and all the ecological cleanliness of the surrounding forest-urban landscape: "in the forest, which is warm spring nights freezes from the rolling trills of the nightingale ”(ibid.). It is even surprising that there are some dissatisfied.
Kornilov Igor Nikolaevich from Ulyanovsk, head of the human rights organization "Legal Fund" says:
- RIAR is a very large organization, the main products it produces are weapons-grade plutonium for strategic warheads and California. Production capacity: 8 nuclear reactors, i.е. Nuclear power plants - they didn’t even stand close here ...
Eight? And on their website it says 7…
- There are eight of them ... All eight are research, two more stands ... I believe that they exclude the reactor for producing weapons-grade plutonium from the list, since applications for it are not accepted (for work), since it is already working in full .. .
And are they really dangerous?
- Several times there were emergency situations with the release radioactive substances, Kazan ecologists sounded the alarm once, having discovered Strontium (its radioactive isotope) in their water, while Kazan is 200 kilometers upstream of the Volga. slander ... and the media kept silent that radioactive element got into the drinking water of several cities.
There was a story about how the residents of Dimitrovgrad panicked when they saw that snow and topsoil were urgently removed and removed from the city in an unknown direction ... The media again remained silent, however, the director of RIAR was replaced with a new one ...
Did the situation change with the replacement of the director?
- With a new one, there was a release - Iodine -131, the wind rose is such in the city that a juvenile colony got into the plume of the release, and while watering machines were working in the city, endocrinologists fought off patients with an inflamed thyroid gland (theriotoxicosis) in polyclinics ... media and the authorities were silent, because it was necessary to provide the population with expensive medicines to remove Iodine-131 from the body.
And what is special about this iodine?
- The main problem is that all isotopes (excluding Strontium) are short-lived. Iodine-131 decays in about a week... and then none commission of inquiry Of course, they won’t find any traces ... you can only detect an outbreak of thyroid diseases ... but, according to the prosecutor’s office, this is not a sufficient basis for initiating a criminal case ...
The general situation is as follows: the Ministry of Emergency Situations told me that they do not have the necessary equipment to monitor the situation at RIAR. At the SES, they said that they trust the RIAR security service "at their word" because they have their own safety laboratory, but the SES is not allowed to go there ... The hydrometeorological center confirmed that the level of conventional isotopes is within the normal range, but there are much more artificial isotopes, but MPC ( maximum permissible concentration) - they are absent and therefore no one knows whether the level of radiation is dangerous or not ...
RIAR - commenting on the situation, he referred to the Geiger counters installed at the enterprise, and the fact that some of the counters are located in the city in places visible to the population, but to the remark that the installed counters register gamma radiation and do not register either alpha or beta - radiation ... hung up, and interrupted the conversation every time the question was raised about ionizing radiation from emergency releases...
Indirect confirmation dangerous situation, was received from the Regional Health Department, which confirmed that in terms of the number endocrine disease and Oncology Dimitrovgrad for last years successfully leads, bypassing Ulyanovsk by an order of magnitude in terms of the number of patients ...
In the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation - there is an article on criminal liability for concealing facts representing a public danger ... but ...
But this is a secret enterprise, isn't it?
- The enterprise is secret, but relatively, it is too well known in the world to be classified, nevertheless, the protection of the enterprise and its secrets is the department of the FSB.
Is Dimitrovgrad a big city?
- The population is about 250,000 people, plus a prison, plus three correctional institutions and more colonies-settlements attached to them; row military units. Yes, this figure is not official strength cities, and in terms of population in a 30-kilometer sanitary zone around the reactors, i.e. it includes all nearby settlements, as required by technical supervision.
Then it seems that it is easier for interested parties to control all local media than to spend money on expensive drugs for such a large number of people. Moreover, for the FSB, this is a matter of habit.
However, it is difficult to hide the obvious. So in 1997 there was a powerful release of iodine-131 that lasted three weeks! In 1998, there was a powerful jump in the incidence of diseases endocrine system among residents of Dimitrovgrad, and in 1999 it reached its peak, exceeding the national figure by almost three times.
Emissions occur from time to time, now the question is about legalizing 30 km. of the sanitary zone around RIAR, on the certainty in the issue of using RIAR as an APEC (on the maximum permissible capacities, for experimental reactor(there are no analogues in the world and probably will not be) working on plutonium (on the processing of weapons-grade plutonium from end-of-life arsenals), on the installation of a full range of dosimetric tools (monitoring water, air and soil, for all types of radiation). I explain this point: for example, the Hydrometeorological Center daily reports on the level radioactive background, but this is a natural background, and why are they silent about the radiation of newly created isotopes of cobalt, strontium, etc.? Why is the Ministry of Emergency Situations unable to obtain permission to install independent controls? Why is medical statistics closed to the public? Why are measurement data of sanitary and epidemiological monitoring stations classified?
And in the end, why are calves born with two heads? And after that, listen to the arguments of politicians about the poor knowledge of radiation on the population?
What exactly needs to be done and what can be done?
- Let me explain my position. The issue of diseases and mutations is related to the protection of the rights of the third generation, i.e. descendants, but their rights should be protected today... Therefore, our task is:
1. move beyond 30 km. zones: orphanages and boarding schools, maternity hospitals, places of detention of convicts (especially children and adolescents, youth);
2. ensure a minimum stay of 30 km. the RIAR zone of the presence of the reproductive population, and timely medical supply of the population with the necessary drugs;
3. timely notification of citizens about emergency situations at RIAR;
Good proposals, but for their implementation it is necessary that the concern for people in our state exceeds the concern for maintaining the secrecy of everything and everything that somehow poses a serious threat to society, and therefore public safety. Although this logic of large offices is beyond my understanding.
http://www.site/community/2685736/post92816729
1.
Finds in state institutions of Pripyat
After extinguishing the fire from the explosion at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, the liquidators filled with heroism worked for a very long time to eliminate the consequences of the accident. The radius of destruction from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant has reached even North America and Japan.
Helicopter over the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
The primary tasks assigned to the professionals were the decontamination of Pripyat and the cleaning of radioactive dust that had settled on the roofs of houses and preserved the integrity of the nuclear power plants.
After the accident, the people of Pripyat for the first time began to realize the full danger of "radiation" - an enemy that cannot be seen.
Elimination of the consequences was quite difficult. After all, they had to look for special methods in the fight against radiation, deadly elements and dust that had settled throughout the district. Then the helicopters took over.
Fire Department of Pripyat
During each flight, and there were 5-6 such flights per shift, it was necessary to drain tons of PVA glue onto the roofs of power units. Such dust cannot be removed with a vacuum cleaner or a broom. That is why a helicopter with glue was urgently needed for the workers of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. After hardening, the glue was cut, rolled up and sent for destruction.
Mi-8, Mi-24, Mi-26 and Mi-6 helicopters carried out an important mission to collect radiation dust.
Eliminating the consequences of what happened on April 26, people risked their lives. First of all, it struck the liquidators of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant radiation sickness. However, then none of these heroes thought about themselves, engaging in battle with an invisible enemy.
The moment of the helicopter crash over the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Helicopter crash at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
Each of the liquidators took what they were doing very seriously. But no one even suspected that after the tragedy at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, another one could happen.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant occurred more than 30 years ago. The destruction of the reactor led to a colossal release of radioactive substances into the environment. According to official version, 31 people died in the first 3 months, and in subsequent years this figure approached a hundred. There is still debate as to what caused the crash. The consequences of what happened will make themselves felt for many decades, if not hundreds of years. After the accident, a 30-kilometer zone was established, from which almost the entire population was evacuated, and free movement was prohibited. The whole area was frozen in 1986. Today we will look at the 7 most interesting objects in the Chernobyl exclusion zone.
Today, Pripyat is not such a “dead city” - excursions are regularly organized there, and stalkers walk around. Pripyat is considered a Soviet city-museum under open sky. This abandoned place has retained the energy of the mid-80s, which attracts tourists from all over the world. We will look at a few of the most interesting places this city.
Hotel "Polesie" at one time was calling card Pripyat. It is located in the city center, next to the amusement park, which is perfectly visible from its windows, and observation deck the main city square and the equally famous Energetik Palace of Culture are clearly visible. It’s more and more dangerous to climb onto the roof every year, because it hasn’t been in for a long time best condition, but visitors to the Zone are drawn to touch the huge letters that make up the name of the hotel.
In the hotel building, the headquarters for the elimination of the consequences of the accident was deployed. From the roof of the hotel the 4th power unit is clearly visible, so it was possible to correct the actions of helicopters that extinguished the fire.
In some rooms there are dilapidated interior items. In general, marauders did a good job in Pripyat at one time. They took out equipment, furniture, cut off batteries and took away everything that had at least some value, without even thinking that all this could cause great harm to health.
Paradoxically, even today the hotel accepts tourists, who, of course, do not come there to rent a room. They admire the views of Pripyat, get acquainted with the features of the Soviet apartments and marvel at the trees that grow through the floor.
This artificial reservoir was created to cool the station's reactors. The cooling pond is located on the site of an abandoned quarry, several small lakes and the old bed of the Pripyat River. The depth of this reservoir reaches 20 m. In the middle it is separated by a dam for better circulation of cold and warm water.
Today, the cooling pond is 6 meters above the level of the Pripyat River, and it is costly to maintain such a pond in such a state. Taking into account the fact that the station is no longer working, the water level is gradually reduced, and over time, the reservoir does planned to drain. This causes concern among many, because at the bottom lies a lot of fragments of the reactor of the fourth power unit, highly active fuel cells and radiation dust. However negative consequences can be avoided if the gradual decrease in the water level is correctly calculated so that the bare areas of the bottom have time to acquire vegetation that will prevent the rise of radioactive dust.
By the way, the Chernobyl cooling pond is one of the largest artificial reservoirs in Europe.
The state of the pond is constantly monitored in order to assess how its ecosystem has suffered from radiation exposure. The diversity of living creatures, although diminished, did not disappear completely. Today it is quite possible to catch a normal-looking fish in the pond, but it is not recommended to eat it.
DK Energetik
Let's return to the center of Pripyat. The palace of culture "Energetik" looks at the main square of the city, which, along with the hotel "Polesie", is a must-see.
It is logical to assume that this building concentrated all cultural activities cities. Circles gathered here, concerts and performances were held, and discos were held in the evenings. The building had its own gym, library and cinema. DK was a favorite place for the youth of Pripyat.
Today, you can still find the remains of the marble tiles with which the building was lined, stained-glass windows and mosaics. Despite the devastation, the famous spirit of the Soviet era is still preserved in the building.
City amusement park in Pripyat
Perhaps the most famous attraction of Pripyat is the city amusement park with its Ferris wheel. It is worth noting that this one of the most polluted places in the city, but once in the park, enthusiastic children's voices were heard every now and then.
Cars, swings, carousels, boats and other attributes of an amusement park will never be used for their intended purpose, but among numerous tourists and stalkers they are popular as a kind of attraction.
Ferris wheel managed to become a symbol of the already deserted Pripyat. Interestingly, it was never put into operation. It was supposed to be opened on May 1, 1986, but 5 days before that, there was an accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant ...
Chernobyl
Today, for a certain amount of money, you can visit the territory of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant itself. There you will see how it goes construction of the arch, which should cover the 4th power unit along with the old sarcophagus. In the building of the power plant itself, you can walk along the "golden corridor", get acquainted with the reactor control panel, and also find out how the Chernobyl nuclear power plant worked in general. Ordinary excursions are limited only by the stay of tourists not far from the station.
The arch should cover the message of the 4th power unit Of course, illegal travelers cannot penetrate the heart of the Zone - everything is reliably guarded. However, the station and the erected "Arch" are perfectly visible from the high-rise buildings of Pripyat. Every self-respecting stalker is sure to capture the view of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in a photo.
By the way, about 4000 people work at the station now. They are engaged in the construction of the "Arch" and work on the decommissioning of power units.
red forest
This section of the forest, located not far from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, during the accident took over the most a large share radioactive dust, which led to the death of trees and the coloring of their foliage in a brown-red color. It is noteworthy that the enzymes of the trees reacted with radiation, due to which a glow was observed in the forest at night. As part of the decontamination, the Red Forest was demolished and buried. Today, the trees are growing again, of course, already having a normal color.
However, today there are young pines with signs of mutations. This can be expressed in excessive or, conversely, in insufficient branching. Some trees, having reached the age of about 20 years, could not grow above 2 meters. Needles on pines can also look intricate: it can be elongated, shortened, or completely absent.
By the way, the remaining power units were still working for some time. The last one was turned off in 2000.
An unpleasant feeling can develop from burial grounds where demolished trees were buried. Mounds and branches sticking out of the ground evoke more unpleasant associations for many.
Of interest are the remains of unburied trees. Such a view is a clear indication of how nature can suffer from human activity. This site is perhaps one of the saddest places in the Exclusion Zone.
Arc
The object is represented by a huge complex of antennas. This radar station performed the task of detecting launches of intercontinental ballistic missiles. Our military could see the American missile by actually looking over the horizon. Hence the name "Arc". About 1000 people were needed to ensure the operation of the complex, and therefore a small town was organized for the military and their families. And so it arose object "Chernobyl-2". Before the accident, the plant was used for only a few years, and after that it was abandoned.
Radar antennas are of Soviet engineering. According to some reports, the construction of the Duga cost twice as much as the creation of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. Western countries were not happy with this setup. They constantly complained that she interfered with work civil aviation. It is interesting that the “Duga” created a characteristic knocking sound on the air, for which it was nicknamed the “Russian woodpecker”.
The height of the antennas reaches 150 m, and the length of the entire building is about 500 m. Due to its impressive size the installation is visible from almost anywhere in the Zone.
Nature is gradually destroying the buildings of the Chernobyl-2 facility. But the Duga itself will remain idle for more than one year, unless, of course, the Ukrainian authorities (or some others) want to use tons of contaminated metal, as happened with the fleet that was involved in the aftermath of the accident ...
Many rufer stalkers, not afraid of the guards that patrol those places, climb as high as possible on one of the antennas and capture the Chernobyl landscapes in the photo.
In the notorious S.T.A.L.K.E.R. there is a so-called "Brain Burner" installation, with which the "Duga" is associated, which further attracts adventurers.
Conclusion
The Chernobyl exclusion zone is undoubtedly a unique place on Earth, a kind of piece Soviet Union in the 21st century. It is very sad that the city of Pripyat was thoroughly plundered by marauders - they could at least not touch the decoration, but no - they even pulled out the wiring. Nevertheless, it is important for the modern generation to treat the Zone not as a tourist site or a place where you can see places from the games, but as a reminder that our scientific achievements can leave scars on the Earth that take centuries to heal.
