In Russian, sentences are divided into simple and complex. Their difference is that simple ones have one grammatical basis, in complex ones there can be two or more. AT syntactic constructions, consisting of several parts, one of three types of communication can be used: coordinating, unionless or subordinating. Complex sentences with (Grade 9) are the most extensive topic due to the number of values ​​\u200b\u200bof the dependent part from the main one.

The concept of a complex sentence

A syntactic construction in which one part is dependent on another is called a complex structure. It always has a main (from which the question is raised) and an additional part. The sentences that are part of such a structure are combined or, for example:

1. The boy realized (what?) that his deceit was exposed (main part- the boy understood to which the subordinate clause is attached with the help of the subordinating conjunction "what").
2. Than to be second in Rome, it is better to be first in the province(under what condition?) (the main clause - it is better to be the first in the province - is connected with the dependent conjunction "what").
3. A wind (what?) blew from the north, which forced everyone to button up their jackets(the main sentence - the wind blew from the north - is connected with the subordinate allied word "which").

Depending on how the parts of a complex sentence are connected, they are divided into 4 types:

• with the help of unions to what, how, whether (I could hear the gate creak);
• with attributive clauses, attached by allied words which, which, whose, what, where other ( I bought the car I dreamed of for a long time);
• with an adjective clause using allied words why, why, why and what (In the evenings, mother bathed her son, after which she always read him a fairy tale);
We climbed to observation deck from where the city was most visible).

The last type of syntactic constructions are divided into types according to their meaning.

Types of adverbial clauses

In complex sentences, the dependent part, answering questions inherent in circumstances, is called that. Below are the circumstances. The table briefly conveys all their types:

time	as soon as the curtain went up, the orchestra played (when?)
places	they came home, where a hot supper and a warming grog were already waiting for them (where?)
causes	the children laughed (for what reason?) because the dog stood up on its hind legs and wagged its short tail
conditions	if you are nearby, please come to us (under what condition?)
goals	I went to the store (for what purpose?) to buy bread for dinner
concessions	he was silent (in spite of what?), despite the fact that the resentment against his friend was strong
comparisons	something rumbled outside the window (like what?), like a distant thunderstorm
course of action	we all did so (how?) as indicated in the note
measures and degrees	the girl was so shy (to what extent?) that she would never talk to a stranger first
consequences	over the summer, Yegor grew up, so that now he took second place in the ranks (as a result of what?)

Complicated sentences with adverbial clauses are connected by conjunctions and allied words, depending on the meaning they define.

Adventitious images and degrees of action

This type of complex sentences in its dependent part gives an explanation of how the action was performed or indicates the degree of quality of the attribute of the subject that is being discussed in the main one.

In such syntactic constructions, subordinate clause questions are raised: “how?”, “how?”, “to what extent?”, “to what extent?” other. The dependent part corresponds to:

A complex sentence with an adverbial adverbial mode of action is always constructed in such a way that the main part comes before the dependent. If you swap them, a different value is formed. For example:

1. The snow was so bright (to what extent?) that the eyes began to water after a few minutes of being outside.
2. My eyes started watering after a few minutes of being outside (for what reason?) because the snow was so bright.

Time clause

When the dependent part in indicates when the event took place, then this is a complex sentence with a clause of adverbial tense. At the same time, the dependent part does not refer to a separate concept, but to the entire main one, and gives answers to the questions “when?”, “How long?”, “until when?”, “since when?”

They are connected with the help of temporary unions "when", "as soon as", "barely", "until", "until", "since" and others. At the same time, the main sentence may contain words that have the meaning of time, for example, “then”, “after”, “until then”, etc. For example, complex sentences with adverbial clauses from the literature:

1. On the day (when exactly?) when I made this decision, someone hit me on the shoulder in the Criterion bar (A. Conan Doyle).
2. Now sit here for a while (how long?) while I run out to eat (J. Simenon).

In such syntactic constructions, one can use complex unions, which are separated by a comma into two parts. Moreover, one of them is in the main sentence as a demonstrative word, and the second - in the subordinate clause in the form of a union ( It's been 30 years since he left his hometown).

In the event that the index word is absent, the dependent part can be both before and after the main one, but in two cases it is fixed:

1. If complex sentences with adverbial clauses use the unions “as”, “as suddenly”, then they are after the main ( Dinner was about to end when another guest arrived.).
2. If double conjunctions are used, such as "when ... then", "only ... how", "when .... then". AT this case the subordinate clause is in front of the main part, and the second fragment double alliance in this case, it can be omitted ( When the first snow falls, the flock will move south).

In other cases, the place of the subordinate clause can change without affecting the meaning of the sentence.

adnexal places

A complex sentence with an adverbial clause (examples below) can indicate the place of action or its direction. It answers the questions “where?”, “Where?”, “From where?” and refers to specific word in the main part, which can be expressed by an adverb (there, there, from there, everywhere, everywhere and others).

1. Everywhere (where exactly?), wherever you look, there was water.
2. I come from a place (where?), where poverty has never been known.

Associate a complex sentence with a subordinate clause adverbial places allied words "where?", "Where?", "Where?" The dependent part in such syntactic constructions comes after the word being defined.

Subordinate condition

Complex sentences with adverbial adverbial clauses answer the questions “under what condition?”, “In what case?” Such syntactic constructions indicate the conditions under which the actions named in the main part are performed. In them, the dependent clause can refer both to the main part and to a separate predicate, and join with the help of the unions “if”, “how” (in the definition of “if”), “if”, “if” and “when” (in role "if").

A complex sentence with a subordinate adverbial clause (the examples below confirm this) conditions can be both before the main one and after it:

1. If you want so much, be according to this (on what condition?).
2. You can get a chance to win the lottery (in which case?) if you buy tickets regularly.
3. If you buy tickets regularly, you can win the lottery (the content of the offer has not changed from the rearrangement).

Often, such syntactic constructions use conjunctions consisting of two parts: “if ... then”, “if .... yes, if... then" ( If it rains tomorrow, then we will not go for mushrooms.).

adjective purpose

Goals indicate the purpose for which the action indicated in its main part is performed. They provide answers to the questions “why?”, “for what purpose?”, “for what?”

Parts of such a syntactic construction are joined by the unions “to”, “in order to”, “in order to”, “if only”, “then so that” and others, for example:

1. In order to walk faster, he quickened his steps (for what purpose?).
2. To be useful people, you need to work hard on yourself (for what?).
3. I said this in order (why?) to annoy my father.

Compound unions can be separated, then there is a comma between them. One part remains in the main clause, and the union "to" - in the dependent.

Clause of reason

Complicated sentences with adverbial adverbial reasons indicate the basis of what is being said in the main part. The dependent clause is fully related to the main one and answers the questions “for what reason?”, “why?”, “why?” and is joined by unions “because”, “good”, “because”, “because”, “because” and others, for example:

1. Due to the fact that we rallied, the rivals could not defeat us (for what reason?).
2. She was sad (why?), because autumn brought rain and cold.
3. We decided to make a halt (why?) because we walked for six hours in a row.

The subordinate clause in such syntactic constructions usually comes after the main clause.

Adventitious corollary

In complex sentences with similar subordinate clauses, a conclusion is drawn from the content of the main part. It answers the question "what happened because of this?" The dependent fragment is attached to the main union "so" and always comes after it, for example:

1. The heat intensified (what happened because of this?), so we had to look for shelter.
2. The girl began to cry (what happened because of this?), so I had to give in to her request.

This type of construction should not be confused with subordinate degrees and measures, in which the adverb “so” and the union “what” are used ( Over the summer, he was so tanned that his hair looked white.).

Adventitious assignment

Complicated sentences with these subordinate clauses give explanations for events that occurred contrary to what was discussed in the main part.

They answer the questions “despite what?”, “Despite what?” and join the main body:

• unions “although”, “even though ... but”, “despite the fact that”, “let”, “let” ( There were big puddles outside even though it rained yesterday);
• allied words with the particle "neither" - "no matter how", "no matter how much" "whatever" ( No matter how much grandfather made a rocking chair, it came out lopsided).

Thus, subordinate concessions indicate why the action did not work.

№1.

Adverbial clauses- subordinate clauses that answer the same questions as circumstances.

In the center of adverbial complex sentences are sentences whose meaning is somehow connected with the relationship of cause and effect. These are sentences with clauses causes, effects, concessions, conditions, goals . Due to the well-known similarity of values, it is easy to confuse them with each other. However, each of these varieties is characterized by its unions ( subordinate corollary - union so,goals - union to etc.).

Each of these varieties of a complex sentence has its own differences in meaning.

So, a complex sentence with adnexal reasons expresses the relationship of two events, one of which (from the point of view of the speaker) naturally gives rise to the other.

For example: The car lights upbecause it's already dark in the forest (G. Nikolaev).

Complex sentences of the corollary convey the same relations, but the reason in them is expressed in the main, and not in the subordinate part: It's already dark in the forestso the car lights up . What was the main clause in the first case has now become subordinate.

Concessive complex sentences are also semantically related to causal. But the consequence here is directly opposite in meaning to what naturally follows from the content of the subordinate clause.

For example: Even though it's already dark in the forest The car didn't turn on the headlights. The speaker is waiting for the regular consequence of the subordinate clause ( car lights up), but it is not implemented.

Adverbial clauses are also close to causal, but the reason here is the desire of the agent in the main clause for the action of the subordinate clause to take place.

For example: He came to Rostovto go to college .

Compare: He came to Rostovbecause I wanted to go to college .

Circumstantial clauses also convey a reason, but one that the speaker is not sure about.

For example: If the brother went to college

Compare: Since my brother went to college He will write to us soon.

In addition, adverbials include adverbial clauses of time, comparison, manner of action.

Compound sentences with adverbial adverbial clauses

Theoretical information Adverbial clauses very diverse and therefore have their own classification. Distinguish the following types adverbial adverbial: mode of action and degree, place, time, condition, cause, purpose, comparison, concession, consequence. Adventitious mode of action and degree indicate the image, degree or measure of the action (feature) named in the main sentence; answer questions: as? how? in what degree? how much? and etc.; refer to phrases in the main clause: verb + So; full adjective + such; full adjective + noun + such; join unions what, to, as if etc. and allied words: how, how much, how much and etc. In the main sentence, there can be demonstrative words: so, so much, so much, to such an extent, such and etc. For example: I was born in Russia. I love her sothat words can't say everything ( S. Ostrovoy). The air is transparentuntil the jackdaw's beak is visible ... (A. Chekhov). adnexal places indicate the place of action named in the main sentence; answer questions: where? where? where?; refer either to the entire main clause or to its predicate; join with allied words: where, where, from where. In the main sentence, they often correspond to demonstrative words: there, there, everywhere, everywhere, everywhere and etc. For example: Walk the free pathWhere does the free mind take you? (A. Pushkin). There,where the bowl ended , whitened birches. Adventitious time indicate the time of the action named in the main sentence; answer questions: when? how long? since when? How long? and etc.; refer either to the whole main clause or to its predicate. In the main sentence, there are often demonstrative words: then, now, always, once, sometimes and etc. For example: While he sang , the cat Vaska ate all the roast(I. Krylov). Sometimes,when you wander through unmowed deposits , almost from under the very feet, a numerous brood of quails or gray partridges breaks out(S. Ognev). Subordinate conditions indicate the condition under which the action named in the main clause can be carried out; answer questions: under what condition? in which case?; refer either to the entire main clause or to its predicate; are joined by conditional unions: if, if, if, if, when(in meaning " if"), as(in meaning " if") and etc. For example: If life deceives you don't be sad, don't be angry(A. Pushkin); When there is no agreement among comrades , their business will not go well(I. Krylov). Adnexal causes indicate the reason for what is said in the main sentence; answer questions why? from what? because of which? for what reason?; refer either to the entire main clause, or only to the predicate; are joined by causal unions: because, because, because and etc. For example: I'm sad,because you have fun (M. Lermontov); The Ossetian cab driver tirelessly drove the horses,because he wanted to climb the Kaur mountain until nightfall (M. Lermontov). Adventitious targets indicate the purpose of the action named in the main sentence; answer questions: why? for what? for what purpose? for what? and etc.; refer either to the entire main clause or to its predicate; join target unions: to (to), then to, in order to and etc. For example: To become a musician so skill is needed(I. Krylov). I want to liveto think and suffer (A. Pushkin). Adventitious comparisons explain the content of the main sentence by comparison; answer the question: like what?; refer either to the entire main clause or to its predicate; are joined by comparative conjunctions: as, as if, as if, exactly, than (by that) and etc. For example: It was quiet for two minutes.sure convoy fell asleep (A. Chekhov). And with a thorny branch the spruce is knocking on the window,how a belated traveler sometimes knocks (A. Pleshcheev). Adventitious concessions indicate the circumstance in spite of which the action named in the main sentence is performed; answer questions: in spite of what? contrary to what?; apply to everything main sentence or to its predicate; are joined by concessive unions: although (at least), despite, let, let, for nothing; despite the fact that etc., allied combinations: no matter what, no matter who, no matter how much, when no, no matter how and etc. For example: Hot,although the sun has already set in the west (M. Gorky). Even though it's cold , but not hungry(Proverb). Wherever you throw , wedge everywhere(Proverb). Adnexal consequences denote a consequence (conclusion, result) arising from the content of the main sentence; answer questions: what follows from this?; apply to the entire main clause; join unions: consequence so that, therefore. For example: The wind howls with all its mightso I couldn't sleep (I. Goncharov). The whole next day, Gerasim did not show up, so instead of him the coachman Potap had to go for water.(I. Turgenev). should be distinguished subordinate corollary and adventitious image actions and degrees. Compare: The road washed out by the rainso wide ruts formed in the mountains (I. Goncharov) (subordinate corollary); The road was washed away by the rainthat wide ruts formed in the mountains (subordinate clause of mode of action and degree).

№2. Complex sentences with several subordinate clauses

Theoretical information Complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses are of two main types: 1) all subordinate clauses are attached directly to the main clause; 2) the first clause is attached to the main clause, the second - to the first clause, etc. I. Clauses that are attached directly to the main clause can behomogeneousandheterogeneous. 1. Homogeneous subordinate clauses, like homogeneous members, have same value, answer the same question and depend on one word in the main clause. Between themselves, homogeneous subordinate clauses can be connected by coordinating unions or union-free (only with the help of intonation). The connections of homogeneous clauses with the main clause and between themselves resemble the connections of homogeneous members of the sentence. For example: [ I came to you with greetings, to tell], (what Sun is up), (what it trembled with hot light on the sheets). (A. Fet.) If homogeneous clauses are connected by non-repeating unions and, or, a comma is not placed in front of them, as with homogeneous members of a sentence. For example: [ I answered], (what nature is good) and ( what sunsets are especially good in our places). (V. Soloukhin.) The connection of homogeneous clauses with the main clause is called homogeneous subordination. 2. Heterogeneous clauses have different meanings, respond to different questions or depend on different words in a sentence. For example: ( When I have a new book in my hands), [I feel], (what something living, speaking, wonderful entered my life). (M. Gorky.) With heterogeneous subordination, clauses can refer to the same words of the main sentence, but they are not homogeneous, as they answer different questions. The connection of heterogeneous clauses with the main clause is called parallel subordination. II. The second type of complex sentences with two or more subordinate clauses includes those in which the clauses form a chain: the first clause refers to the main clause (subordinate clause of the 1st degree), the second clause refers to the clause of the 1st degree (subordinate clause of the 2nd degree) etc. For example: [ Young Cossacks rode vaguely and held back tears], (as were afraid of their father), (which I was also a little embarrassed), (although tried not to show it). (N. Gogol) Such a connection is called consistent submission. At successive subordination one clause can be inside another; in this case, there may be two subordinating unions nearby: what and if, what and when, what and since, etc. For example: [ The water crashed so scary], (what , (when the soldiers ran below), raging streams were already flying after them) (M. Bulgakov).

№3. Complex sentences with subordinate explanatory clauses

To express our opinion, our attitude to a fact, a phenomenon, we often use complex sentences with subordinate clauses.

Clauses of explanatory refer to members of a sentence that have the meaning of speech, thoughts, feelings, messages, etc. Verbs in which the subordinate explanatory part is used usually denote: speech ( said, shouted), perception ( saw, heard, felt), mental activity ( thought, decided), the internal state of a person ( afraid, surprised).

For example, I.S. Turgenev in his letter to P. Viardot wrote about his feelings: I I can't see without worry , like a branch covered with young green leaves, clearly looms in the blue sky.

In a sentence: Sophia, characterizing Chatsky, He speaks that "he is especially happy in friends", - the verb of speaking is used.

Very often we use subordinate explanatory clauses when expressing our opinion:

I am convinced ... I believe ... I agree ... I can say with confidence ... It seems to me .... I am attracted (interesting) by the thought, (statement) about ... .

Besides, complex sentences with subordinate explanatory clauses convey indirect speech: I explained to them that I am an officer, I am going to the active detachment for official purposes. (M. Lermontov) Vera said that does not want tea and went to her room.(N. Chernyshevsky)

Complex sentences with subordinate explanatory clauses

Theoretical information Clauses of explanatory respond to case questions and join the main part with unions ( what, like, as if, as if, as if, in order to, whether etc.) and allied words (what, who, how, what, why, where, where, where, why, etc.). For example: I want,so that a feather was equated to a bayonet(V. Mayakovsky) - means of communication - union so that . I don't know if I wantwhether i go with them- means of communication - union whether , which, like coordinating conjunctions same, too, also, is not at the beginning of the part. They saidas if he became addicted to collecting pipes.(A. N. Tolstoy) - a means of communication - a compound union as if . God alone could saywhich Manilov had a character(N.V. Gogol) - means of communication - allied word which, which is part of the predicate. It's sad to see a young man lose his best hopes and dreams...(M. Yu. Lermontov) - means of communication - union when . Clauses of explanatory refer to one word in the main part - the verb, short adjective, adverb, verbal noun with the meaning of speech, thought, feeling, perception. For example: Irejoiced / expressed surprise / was glad that he came. It's good that he came. The main part may contain an index word then in different case forms: I was happyto that that he came. In this sentence, the word tom can be omitted, so the subordinate clause refers to the adjective glad. However, in some complex sentences with subordinate explanatory clauses, the demonstrative word in the main part is an obligatory component of the sentence structure. For example: It all startedsince that the father has returned. Such subordinate clauses refer specifically to the demonstrative word, which can only be the word that. This feature brings such sentences closer to pronominal attributive ones, while the use of a union, and not a union word, allows them to be classified as explanatory. The explanatory clause is usually found after the word in the main part to which it refers, but occasionally, mainly in colloquial speech, it can be located in front of the main part. For example: that he won't come , it was clear to me right away.

№4. Complex sentences with subordinate clauses

Theoretical information Determinative clauses explain (characterize) that member of the main part of the sentence, which is expressed by a noun or pronoun, and answer the definition questions: which? whose? For example: (1) Blizzards ( which? ), (2) that they are bursting in the doors, (1) they will not knock me off the road. Definitive clauses are attached to the main part only with the help of allied words which, which, whose, what, where, where, from where, when: For example: And Tanya seeshouse empty(which?), where our hero lived recently. (A. Pushkin) [– = noun. ], (where = –). Clauses have strictly certain place as part of a complex sentence: they stand always after the defined word. For example: Childhood istravel (which?), which no one has been able to do twice . (V. Sanin) [ n. - noun. ], (which =). allied words which, what, whose with a defined word only agree in gender, number , a case form them depends on which member of the sentence these allied words in the subordinate clause are: For example: I likepeople who the life of the country is not indifferent.(The word which is used in the dative case.) Compare: I likepeople with whom easy to communicate.(Word which used in instrumental.) - I like people who are legendary.(Word which used in the prepositional case.) Word which can stand not only at the beginning, but also inside the subordinate part. For example: 1) A river flows near the villagewhich located in the forest foothills.(M. Lermontov) 2) Precisely chained, silent, quieted down northern river, noisewhich the grandfathers and great-grandfathers of Pomor fishermen listened.(I. Sokolov-Mikitov) Close in meaning to definitive adjectival pronouns that refer to pronouns that, each, such, all, everyone etc., located in the main part. For example: (1) Everything will go far in the pastthen , (2) how i live . (N. Glazkov).[ = then ], (how – =).

№5.Types of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence

Subordinate clause- this is a syntactically dependent predicative part of a complex sentence containing a subordinating conjunction or allied word.

For example: Vladimir saw with horror that he drove into an unfamiliar forest(Pushkin). It is very difficult to describe the feeling I experienced at that time.(Korolenko).

used in educational practice the term “subordinate clause” is usually replaced in theoretical works by the term “subordinate clause” (respectively, instead of “main clause” - “main clause”); this avoids the use of the same term “sentence” in relation to the whole and to its individual constituent parts, and also emphasizes the interconnectedness of the structural parts of a complex sentence.

School textbooks present two types of classifications of subordinate clauses.

1. Clauses are divided into three groups: attributive, explanatory and adverbial; the latter are divided into subgroups.

2. Clauses are divided into subject, predicate, attributive, additional and circumstantial, depending on which member of the sentence is replaced by the clause (to determine the type of the clause, questions are asked to various members suggestions).

Since the classification adopted in the first case is more common in the practice of school and pre-university teaching, we will stick to it.

Recall that knowledge about the types of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence is also checked in USE tests in part B(task B6) in 11th grade.

Types of subordinate clauses in a complex sentence

Theoretical information By meaning and structure, the subordinate parts of complex sentences are divided into three main groups, which correspond to the three groups of secondary members of the sentence: definitions, additions, circumstances. Determinative clauses explain (characterize) that member of the main part of the sentence, which is expressed by a noun or pronoun, and answer the definition questions: which one? whose? For example: (1) Blizzards(what?), (2) that break in the door , (1) I won't be knocked off the road.(A. Fatyanov) [ - , (what =), =]. Explanatory clauses explain the member of the sentence (most often the predicate) of the main part and, like the additions, answer the questions of indirect cases. For example: (1) We had a lively conversation about(about what?), (2) how to resolve the situation . [ – = ], (as =). Adverbial clauses denote the place, time, purpose, reason, mode of action, condition, etc. of what is reported in the main part of the complex sentence. They answer questions about circumstances. For example: (1) To love music , (2) you have to listen to it first.(for what purpose?). (D. Shostakovich) (To =), [=].

№6. Complex sentence

Topic: Complex sentences

Lesson: Complex sentences with subordinate places and time

adnexal places indicate a place or space where an object is located or something happens, and answer the question where?, where?, from where?. Usually subordinate places are after the main part: " Go where your free mind takes you... "(A. Pushkin.) In the main part there may be descriptive words there, there, from there - these are adverbs that are adverbs of place in a sentence: "I went where all my classmates went." The subordinate clause can also be placed before the main clause. This approach is used to enhance semantic meaning adnexal. Most often this is observed in proverbs, sayings and aphorisms: "Wherever you throw, everywhere a wedge." (Proverb) Subordinate places are attached with allied words where, where, where. To determine the type of subordinate clause, you need to look at what it refers to and what question it answers. Compare: Everywhere(where is everywhere?), where necessary, built playgrounds. - Village ( what village? where Eugene missed, there was a lovely corner.(A. Pushkin). In the first case, we have a subordinate clause, and in the second - a subordinate attributive.

Adverbial clauses of time answer questions when? how long? since when? How long? etc. The clauses of time are attached to the main sentence by unions when, while, just, as soon as, barely, while. Main sentences can have demonstrative words then, until then. If there is an adverb with the meaning of time in the main part, including a demonstrative word then, the subordinate clause is attached to the main allied word when: « We met when I was preparing to enter.

The actions referred to in the main and subordinate clauses can occur simultaneously or sequentially. When actions are simultaneous, unions are used when, while, as long as, how, while. When sequencing actions, use simple unions when, barely, as soon as, only, just a little, etc. These are stylistically neutral unions. Unions while and a little have a connotation of conversation. All compound unions (while, before, before etc . ) have a tinge of bookishness. Unions meanwhile, as soon as, before obsolete. Union as can in some cases give speech an archaic connotation, in others - colloquial.

Homework

Questions

1. How to distinguish the subordinate place from the subordinate time?

2. How are subordinate places attached to the main sentence?

3. How are clauses of time attached to the main sentence?

4. What sentence should be distinguished from subordinate places?

Exercise 1: Define a View subordinate clauses.

(1) What have you been reading this week while we haven't seen each other? (A. Chekhov.) (2) The village where Yevgeny missed was a lovely corner. (A. Pushkin.) (3) Sit where it is free. (D. Rosenthal). (4) I don't know where to buy new textbook. (5) She smiled and bowed, and they all loved it when she smiled at them. (F. Dostoevsky.) (6) In the evening of the same day, when the barracks were already locked, Raskolnikov lay on the bunk and thought about her. (F. Dostoevsky.) (7) There is no greatness where there is no simplicity, goodness and truth. (L. Tolstoy.)

Exercise 2. Determine what is attached to the main subordinate clause.

(1) Where once everything was empty, bare, now the young grove has grown. (A. Pushkin.) (2) While the other children were playing football, he played the violin for hours. (3) He laughed and went where he pleased. (M. Gorky). (4) When we met him, he was five years old. (5) We entered the classroom when the bell rang. (6) He lived at a time when there was no television.

Exercise 3. Write down the numbers of sentences from exercise 2, in which the subordinate clauses are attached to the main one with the help of allied words. Make a conclusion about the type of subordinate clauses.

1. Efremova T. F. New dictionary Russian language. Explanatory derivational. - M.: Russian language, 2000 ().

2. Reference and information Internet portal "Russian language" ().

Internet resources used

1. Preparation for the Russian language Olympiad ().

Literature

Russian language: Textbook for 9 cells. educational institutions/ S.G. Barkhudarov, S.E. Kryuchkov, L.Yu. Maksimov, L.A. Cheshko. M.: Education, 2011.

Russian language. 9th grade: textbook. for educational institutions /M.M. Razumovskaya, S.I. Lvov, V.I. Kapinos, V.V. Lviv; ed. MM. Razumovskaya, P.A. Lekanta, - M.: Bustard, 2011.

Rosenthal D.E. Handbook of spelling and literary editing M.: 2012

Unified state exam in RUSSIAN LANGUAGE Demo version control measuring materials unified state exam 2013 in Russian, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary scientific institution"FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

Demonstration version of control measuring materials for carrying out in 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013 the state (final) certification (in new form) in the RUSSIAN LANGUAGE of students who have mastered the basic general education programs main general education, prepared by the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF PEDAGOGICAL MEASUREMENTS".

Causal clause

An adverbial clause that answers the questions why? from what? for what reason? and containing an indication of the reason or justification for what is said in the main sentence; joins the main clause with the help of unions because, because, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, due to the fact that, since, because, because, etc. Cars lit their headlights because it was already dark in the forest(Nikolaev). I wanted to believe, because books already inspired me to believe in a person(Bitter). The dogs climbed far into the kennels, since there was no one to bark at(Goncharov). On the lower floor, under the balcony, the windows were probably open, because they could clearly hear female voices (Chekhov) (the subordinate clause contains the rationale for the intended conclusion made in the main clause, so the question can be posed not from the main clause to the subordinate clause, but from the subordinate clause to the main one).

Dictionary-reference linguistic terms. Ed. 2nd. - M.: Enlightenment. Rosenthal D. E., Telenkova M. A.. 1976 .

See what the "subordinate clause of reason" is in other dictionaries:

The subordinate clause is the dependent part of the main clause in a complex sentence. Example: Petya ran away from the lesson so as not to miss the concert. By analogy with minor members proposals (definitions, additions and ... ... Wikipedia

syntactically dependent predicative part complex sentence containing a subordinating union or allied word. Vladimir saw with horror that he drove into an unfamiliar forest (Pushkin). Describe the feeling that I experienced at that time, ... ...

subordinate clause- lingu. Part of a complex sentence, syntactically subordinate to the main part (the main clause) and connected with it by a union or allied word. Second sentence of reason. Conditional first sentence ... Dictionary of many expressions

A sentence whose parts are linked subordinating unions or allied words. It is not a pity for forces if they give such results (N. Ostrovsky). The battle is won by the one who firmly decided to win it (L. Tolstoy). subordination… … Dictionary of linguistic terms

- (SPP) is a type of complex sentence, which is characterized by division into two main parts: main and subordinate. The subordinating relationship in such a sentence is determined by the dependence of one part on the other, that is, the main part suggests ... ... Wikipedia

- (gram.). O. A sentence is such a subordinate clause, which in its meaning corresponds to various types adverbial words; therefore, O. sentences are divided into as many types as circumstances (cf. ... ...

- (1) 1. Connecting union. connects homogeneous members sentences or whole sentences. 946: She (Olga) spoke to them (to the Drevlyans): ... Give me 3 doves and 3 sparrows from the court. Pov. time years, 42 (1377 ← early XII century). 1174: And seven ... ... Dictionary-reference book "The Tale of Igor's Campaign"

Adverb, particle and conjunction. I. adv. 1. interrogative. Denotes the question of circumstances, image, mode of action: how? [Chatsky:] Ah! how to comprehend the game of fate? Griboyedov, Woe from Wit. How did that putty get into his pocket? Chekhov, Steppe. ... ... Small academic dictionary

- (gram.). Under the name S. (σύνδεσμος), Greek grammarians understood the part of speech that maintains communication and order of speech and fills in it empty gaps. Thus this term among the Greeks covered everything that we mean by general term… … encyclopedic Dictionary F. Brockhaus and I.A. Efron

1) what, what, what, what, about what, places. 1. interrogative. Denotes a question about an object, phenomenon, sign, etc. What is he looking for in a distant country? What did he throw in his native land? Lermontov, Sail. What do you want: tea or coffee? Hey, Afanasia, coffee for the doctor, yes ... ... Small Academic Dictionary

Goals:

1. Introduce complex sentences with adverbial clauses.

2. To form the ability to distinguish between types of adverbial clauses in terms of meaning, questions, means of communication; simple and compound conjunctions in s/n sentences with adverbial clauses.

3. To cultivate industriousness, independence.

Equipment: textbook “Russian language. Grade 9”, computer, projector, screen, handout (test), handout didactic material.

During the classes

I. Org. moment. (Orders of the teacher organizing the work of the class).

II. Repetition of the studied material.

1. Work at the computer. (Performing tasks from the disk, 2 students work in turn)

2. Theoretical questions.

What is the difference difficult sentence from a simple sentence?

What are the types of compound sentences?

What is the difference between compound sentences and compound sentences?

What types of complex sentences do you know?

What are complex sentences with attributive clauses?

What are complex sentences with subordinate explanatory clauses?

3. Dictation. Write sentences and build diagrams.

1) The ink penetrated the parchment so deeply that the most cruel scraping could not erase the traces of the text.

2) Sometimes it is enough to moisten the manuscript with one or the other chemical composition to bring out the bluish or reddish outlines of the old text.

3) And before its invention, the materials that our ancestors used to write were stone, clay and metal.

III. Preparation for GIA. Test tasks from part B. (3 slides)

IV. Presentation of the topic and objectives of the lesson.

Today we will get acquainted with the types of adverbial clauses. Most adverbial clauses have the same meanings as circumstances in a simple sentence, which means they answer the same questions and are divided into the same types.

Let's remember what types of circumstances you know? (Mode of action, degree, place, time, condition, cause, purpose, concession)

And how do we distinguish between types of circumstances? (for questions)

We will also distinguish types of adverbial clauses by questions, as well as by conjunctions and allied words, with the help of which they are attached to the main sentence.

1. Study of theoretical material by screen projection. (From the training disk)
2. Studying the types of adverbial clauses according to the table of the textbook.

Consider a table.

Adverbial clauses

Mode of action or degree	How, how much, how much, what, so that, as if, as if, as if, etc.	The girl told it so well (how?) that no one had any questions.
Places	Where, where, from where	The travelers went to (where?), From where the noise of cars was heard.
time	When (once ... then), until, as soon as, barely, since (since), until (until), etc.	I will return (when?) When our white garden will spread its branches in spring. (S.A. Yesenin)
Conditions	If (if ... then), when, once, etc.	I will come to you tomorrow (on what condition?), if you don't mind.
Causes	Because, because, due to the fact that, since, for, due to the fact that, etc.	Need to light a lamp (why?) because it's getting dark.
Goals	To, in order to, etc.	We went across the field (why?) to shorten the path.
Comparisons	How, with what, with what - with that, as if, as if, exactly, etc.	Before the storm, it became quiet in the forest (how?), as if everything had died.
concessions	Although, despite the fact that, let it be, no matter how	No matter how we hurried to the station, we were still late for last train(despite what?).
Consequences	So that	She didn't read anything, so she didn't pass the exam.

How many adverbial clauses stand out?

What type of subordinate clause does not match the circumstance in a simple sentence? (Additive corollaries)

3. Physical Minute.

V. Consolidation. Complete the exercise in the tutorial.

Write with punctuation marks. Mark the subordinate clauses, as well as conjunctions and allied words that attach the subordinate clause to the main one.

1) Where the mouth of the river used to be, the trail climbs up the mountain.

2) Wherever you look, there are hills everywhere.

3) When we reached the top of the mountain the sun had already risen.

4) In the morning, as soon as we moved away from the bivouac, we immediately came across a path.

5) The sun must have disappeared below the horizon because it suddenly became dark.

VI. Execution of test tasks.

(Handout)

1. Find a complex sentence.

1. I was about to get up, when suddenly my eyes rested on a motionless human image.
2. I peered: it was a young beautiful girl.
3. She was sitting twenty paces away from me, her head bowed thoughtfully and her hands on her knees.
4. The left, far bank was still drowning in darkness, and the darkness drew huge absurd figures there.

2. In which sentence does the subordinate clause come before the main one?

1. I didn't immediately realize what had happened.
2. Whether I can help you now, I don't know.
3. The hostess asked us if we were really leaving tomorrow.
4. The apple trees disappeared because the mice ate all the bark.

3. In which sentence is the subordinate clause inside the main clause? (No punctuation marks.)

1. When she returned home, she thought that she would hardly be happy here and that it was much more interesting to leave the station than to live here.
2. Without waiting for the door to be unlocked, he jumped over the wattle fence, pushed back the lock, led the horse in and himself tumbled into the hut full of sleeping people.
3. Approaching the courtyard, Chichikov noticed the owner himself on the porch, who was standing in a green frock coat with his hand to his forehead in the form of an umbrella in front of his eyes.
4. It was still early, so early that the sun had not yet risen over the honeysuckle and it was cool in the garden.

VII. Lesson results.

What did you learn in class today?

What types of adverbial clauses are distinguished?

How to distinguish between these types of adjectives?

VIII. Homework: item 12, exercise 74 (handout didactic material).