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Ilya Muromets
Encyclopedic Dictionary, 1998
Ilya Muromets
hero, one of the main characters of Russian epics that arose in the 12-13 centuries. ("Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber", "Ilya Muromets and Idolishche Poganoe", "Ilya Muromets Quarrel with Prince Vladimir"), the embodiment of the folk ideal of a hero-warrior.
Ilya Muromets
Russian 4-engine biplane aircraft. Created in 1913. Crew 4-8 people. It was used in the 1st World War and the Civil War as a bomber (lifted up to 800 kg of bombs) and a reconnaissance aircraft. In total, approximately 79 aircraft were built (until 1918). Converted aircraft "Ilya Muromets" were used in 1921-22 on the Moscow-Kharkov airline.
Ilya Muromets
"Ilya Muromets",
Ilya Muromets
"Ilya Muromets", four-engine aircraft [engine power 440 kW (600 hp), payload 1.5 tons, flight speed 100 km/h], designed by Russian engineers and built in early 1914 at the Russian-Baltic Plant in St. Petersburg. The predecessor of "I. M." was built in the spring of 1913 at the same plant, the world's first four-engine aircraft "Russian Knight". In June-July 1914 "I. M." set a world record by flying the distance from Kyiv to St. Petersburg in 14 hours 38 minutes with one landing. During the First World War of 1914–18 in Russia on the basis of I. M." the first heavy bombers in the world (a crew of 8 people) were created, armed with 4-5 machine guns, and on some aircraft with a 37-mm cannon, a bomb load of over 700 kg, an internal suspension of bombs with a mechanical drop control, compass and navigation equipment .
Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets
Ilya Muromets(full epic name - Ilya Muromets son Ivanovich, there are also options: Ilya Morovlin, Muravlenin, Murovets, Muromlyan; Elijah the serpent fighter) - one of the main characters of the ancient Russian epic epic, a hero, embodying a common folk ideal warrior hero.
The peasant son and protector of the Russian land from enemies, paralyzed until the age of 33, receives strength from wandering angels, fights the Nightingale the Robber, an idol, a Jew, the Tatars, and finally turns to stone. First appears in written sources in the 16th century, Kmita Chernobylsky as Ilya Muravlenin, Erich Lyasota - as Ilya Morovlin, in some epics of the 17th century - as Ilya Murovich or Ilya Murovets. Identified with Saint Elijah of Muromets Chebotok, whose relics are in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Ilya Muromets (disambiguation)
Ilya Muromets:
- Ilya Muromets is one of the main characters of Russian epics.
- Ilya Muromets is one of the highest waterfalls in Russia.
- Ilya Muromets Pechersky - Kyiv monk, holy Russian Orthodox Church.
Ilya Muromets (armored train)
"Ilya Muromets"- armored trains:
- Ilya Muromets- armored train of the Red Army civil war.
- Ilya Muromets- light armored train of the Don army white movement into the Civil War.
- Ilya Muromets- Soviet armored train in the Great Patriotic War.
Ilya Muromets (film)
"Ilya Muromets"- the first Soviet widescreen Feature Film based on Russian folk epics about the hero Ilya Muromets.
The movie fairy tale "Ilya Muromets" became the first Soviet wide-screen film released in theaters. In the plot of the picture, many epic tales merged together, as well as some elements of Pushkin's fairy tales.
Ilya Muromets (aircraft)
Ilya Muromets(S-22 "Ilya Muromets") - common name several series of four-engine all-wood biplanes produced in Russian Empire at the Russian-Baltic Carriage Works during 1914-1919. The aircraft set a number of records for carrying capacity, number of passengers, time and maximum height flight. It is the first serial multi-engine bomber in history.
Ilya Muromets (waterfall)
Ilya Muromets- a waterfall on the Bear Peninsula of Iturup Island ( Kurile Islands, Sakhalin region Russia), one of the highest in the country. It is located near Cape Ilya Muromets, on a stream flowing from the northeastern slope of Mount Demon, falling off a steep cliff into the ocean (water fall height - 141 m).
The waterfall is located in an extremely inaccessible place; its free inspection is possible only from the side of the ocean.
Ilya Muromets (motor ship)
Ilya Muromets- a three-deck river cruise ship of project 588 Rodina, which has good navigable qualities, which allows it to navigate reservoirs and large lakes of the Volga River basin, and coastal navigation is also allowed in coastal areas ( The Gulf of Finland Baltic Sea on the line St. Petersburg - Vyborg; Yenisei Bay Kara Sea to Dixon Island with wind force up to 6 points and wave height up to 2.5 meters; Taganrog Bay Sea of Azov to the port of Taganrog). It is owned by LLC "Caesar Travel" and operated by the cruise company "Caesar Travel". Named after fairy tale hero epics, hero Ilya Muromets.
Ilya Muromets (armored train, 1941)
Armored train "Ilya Muromets"- an armored train, built in 1941-1942 as a gift to the front of the railroad workers of the Murom junction. All main platforms for guns, wagons were cooked in their own free time wagon depot workers. Casters from Kulebak supplied armor. She at the factory. Dzerzhinsky in Murom sheathed a steam locomotive. He took part in the Great Patriotic War.
It was protected by armor 45 mm thick and did not receive a single hole during the entire war. The armored train traveled from Murom to Frankfurt an der Oder. During the war, he destroyed the German armored train "Adolf Hitler", 7 aircraft, 14 guns and mortar batteries, 36 enemy firing points, 875 soldiers and officers.
For military merit, the 31st Separate Special Gorky Division of Armored Trains, which included the Ilya Muromets and Kozma Minin armored trains, was awarded the Order of Alexander Nevsky.
It was decided to give the armored train the name of the legendary hero Ilya Muromets. However, Colonel Neplyuev, who came to "pick up" the armored train, had his own name for him: "For the Motherland." The builders of the armored train organized a rally at which they expressed their decision to drive the armored train to the front with the Murom brigade, and proposed their name. Thus, at the rally on February 8, before the armored train was sent to the front, the audience saw on its board the inscription "Ilya Muromets" and the image of the hero's head. The inscription and drawing were ordered to be painted over, and the combat vehicle was assigned No. 762. However, his name remained both in the documents and in the minds of the builders and crew.
Ilya Muromets met the victory fifty kilometers from Berlin, as the destroyed bridge across the Oder prevented further way to Berlin.
In 1971, the armored locomotive was put on eternal parking.
Ilya Muromets
Ilya Muromets - the central hero of the Russian heroic epic. More than ten epic stories are dedicated to him, each of which is known in many records. His exploits cannot be erased from the memory of the plowman people, who were guarded by this hero.
V.Ya. Propp, one of the greatest folklorists of the 20th century, wrote: “The image of Ilya is the most mature and most perfect creation of the Russian epic. (...) Only a mighty nation in one of the decisive epochs of its history could create this monumental and majestic, but at the same time simple in its humanity image of a national hero.
Epics about Ilya Muromets took shape in the period from the 11th to the 14th century, during the era of the struggle of the Russian people with the Polovtsy, who raided Russia, and then with the Mongol-Tatars, under whose yoke Russia was for more than two hundred years.
Bylina about the origin of Ilya and his gaining strength opens a poetic biography of Ilya Muromets. He is a "peasant's son" and comes from the village of Karacharova near the city of Murom. The village of Karacharovo really exists, it is located two versts from Murom up the Oka. By local tradition, epic hero buried in his native village, under the chapel near the road to Murom. In Murom, at the end of the 20th century, a monument was erected to Ilya Muromets.
However, sometimes Ilya in epics is called Morovlin, or Muravlin, which gave some researchers reason to assume that the hero’s birthplace was the city of Karachev near Moroviysk in the Chernihiv region.
Ilya could not walk for thirty years and three years, and, barely getting to his feet, he became the personification of the indestructible strength of the heroic squad.
Ilya Muromets is a warrior, defender of the motherland. In one of the epics he says:
I have made great commandments (…)
I need to save the capital city of Kyiv,
I will save the churches of God,
I will keep the Orthodox faith.
Unlike most epic heroes, Ilya Muromets is endowed not only with strength and courage, but also with a very definite worldview. He rejects the generally accepted idea in the Middle Ages that the duty of a warrior lies primarily in faithful service to his master. Ilya is critical of Prince Vladimir and defines the meaning of his life as follows:
I'm going to serve for the Christian faith,
Yes, for the Russian land,
Yes, for the glorious city of Kyiv,
For widows, for orphans, for poor people (...).
Whether Ilya Muromets had a historical prototype, or whether he is a collective image, is unknown. In the annals, the name of Ilya Muromets is never mentioned. But it is known that in the XII century, in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra, next to Nestor the chronicler and the first Russian icon painter Alympius, a certain Ilya from Murom was buried.
Ilya Muromets- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings) ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (aircraft)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). From 22 "Ilya Muromets" ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (film)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). Ilya Muromets ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (motor ship)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). Ilya Muromets Ilya Muromets ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (waterfall)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). Ilya Muromets Coordinates: Coordinates ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (armored train, 1941)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). "Ilya Muromets" Armored train "Ilya Muromets" armored train, built in 1941-1942 as a gift to the railroad front of the Murom junction. All major platforms under ... ... Wikipedia
Ilya Muromets (armored train)- This term has other meanings, see Ilya Muromets (meanings). "Ilya Muromets" armored train: Ilya Muromets armored train of the Red Army in the Civil War. Ilya Muromets light armored train of the Don Army of the White movement in ... ... Wikipedia
Muromets- This term has other meanings, see Muromets (meanings). Peoples' Friendship Park ... Wikipedia
First appears in written sources in the 16th century by F. S. Kmita-Chernobylsky as Ilya Muravlenin, by Erich Lyasota - as the giant Ilya Morovlin in the St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv, in some epics of the 17th century - as Ilya Murovich or Ilya Murovets. Some researchers identify with St. Elijah of the Caves Chebotok, whose relics rest in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Epic stories, the main character of which is Ilya Muromets[ | ]
It is believed that for the first time Ilya Muromets was mentioned in 1574 in a letter from the headman of Orsha Philon of Chernobyl, in which he wrote about the epic hero "Ilya Muravlenin" as a defender of Russian lands.
Ilya Muromets appears in the Kiev cycle of epics: “Ilya Muromets and Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and Poganoe Idolishche”, “Ilya Muromets Quarrel with Prince Vladimir”, “Ilya Muromets Fight with Zhidovin”. In the epic "Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets" tells how Ilya Muromets studied with Svyatogor; and dying, Svyatogor blew into him with a heroic spirit, which increased strength in Ilya, and gave his sword-treasury.
prose stories about Ilya Muromets, written in the form of Russian folk tales and those who have passed to some non-Slavic peoples (Finns), do not know about the Kyiv epic relations of Ilya Muromets, do not mention Prince Vladimir, replacing him with an unnamed king; they contain almost exclusively the adventures of Ilya Muromets with the Nightingale the Robber, sometimes with the Idolish, called the Glutton, and sometimes they attribute to Ilya Muromets the release of the princess from the snake [ ] .
For each plot, the number of individual variants recorded from different storytellers is in the tens and may exceed a hundred (Nos. 3, 9, 10), mostly there were from 12 to 45 or more.
Biography [ | ]
Epic biography[ | ]
A large number of plots dedicated to Ilya Muromets makes it possible to present the biography of this hero in a more or less complete form (as it seemed to the storytellers).
Psychiatrists interpret the inability to walk by Ilya Muromets as a phenomenon of astasia-abasia in the absence of an organic pathology of the musculoskeletal system. Similar violations are characteristic of dissociative (conversion) disorders (formerly called hysteria).
Historical interpretation[ | ]
According to conventional version, Ilya Muromets was born in the village of Karacharovo, not far from Murom (Vladimir region).
Some 19th century historians have suggested that small homeland could be Karachev ( Bryansk region) and the city of Moroviysk located not so far from it in the Chernihiv region (the modern village of Morovsk, Kozeletsky district, Chernihiv region). This conclusion is based on the possibility of a merger in folk epic the image of Ilya Muromets with the Monk Elijah of the Caves, as well as the fact that in the first mention of the hero on the territory southern Russia, he was not called Muromets, but Morovlin, Muravlenin. It should be noted that the first annalistic mention of Moroviysk refers to XII century, Murom is mentioned in the annals under the year 862. In addition, discussing this assumption, A. I. Sobolevsky notes that Murom was known in Kyiv under the distorted name Morov, which could lead to the mention of Ilya Muromets as "Morovets" in South Russian folklore.
Ilya Muromets as Ilias is mentioned in the 13th century in the Norwegian "Saga of Tidrek of Bern" (Þiðreks saga) and in the German poem "".
Folklore outside the Russian North[ | ]
Often there is a mixture of Ilya Muromets with Elijah the prophet. This confusion also occurred in the alleged epic homeland of Ilya Muromets, in the view of the peasants of the village of Karacharovo (near Murom), and in the stories of these peasants, the connection of Ilya Muromets with Kyiv and Prince Vladimir is completely absent. Study epic biography Ilya Muromets leads to the conviction that many fabulous and legendary wandering plots have been layered on the name of this popular hero.
The hero Ilya is a hero not only of Russian epics, but also of German ones. epic poems XIII century. In them he is represented by a mighty knight princely family Ilya Russian (German Ilias von Riuzen). Mentions of him abroad are numerous, including in the sagas.
Possible prototypes[ | ]
Ilya Pechersky [ | ]
The relics of Ilya Pechersky
"Saint Elijah of Muromets". Russian icon late XIX century
Some researchers consider the prototype of the epic character to be a historical character, a strong man nicknamed "Chobotok", originally from Murom, who took monastic vows in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra with the name of Elijah, and canonized in 1643 to the saints of the Orthodox Church as "Reverend Elijah of Muromets".
According to this theory, Ilya Muromets lived in the 12th century and died in the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra around 1188. Memory by church calendar- December 19 (January 1). Russian chronicles do not mention his name. At the end of his life, he took the vows in the Pechersk Monastery under the name Ilya.
The relics rest in the Near Caves of the Kiev-Pechersk Lavra. The tombstone of Ilya Muromets is located near the grave of Stolypin. Part of the relics of Elijah - middle finger left hand - located in one of the temples of the city of Murom, Vladimir region.
In 1988, the Interdepartmental Commission of the Ministry of Health of the Ukrainian SSR conducted an examination of the relics, as a result of which it was established that it was a man who died at the age of 40-55 from a wound in the heart and suffered paralysis of the limbs in his youth.
Ileiko Muromets [ | ]
In the 17th century, Ileiko Muromets (Ilya Ivanovich Korovin) was known - the impostor False Peter of the Time of Troubles, who was executed in 1607. According to scientists, in particular the Russian historian Ilovaisky, the expression "old Cossack" is explained by the fact that at the end of the reign of Boris Godunov, Ileyka Muromets was in the Cossack detachment, as part of the army of the governor Prince Ivan Khvorostinin. B. M. Sokolov suggested that the result of the peasant processing of epics could be the transformation of Ilya Muravlenin from Moroviysk in the Chernihiv region and the city of Karachev in the Starodub region into peasant son Ilya Muromets and the village of Karacharovo near Murom.
Ilya Muromets in Russian culture[ | ]
monuments
Objects named after Ilya Muromets[ | ]
Geographic features
Organizations
In addition, Ilya of Muromets is revered on September 25 (October 8).
In many provinces of the Russian Empire, it was believed that Ilya Muromets rides “on six horses” across the sky, and this is what explained the peals of thunder. In many places where, according to legend, the horse of Ilya Muromets knocked out springs with his hoof, chapels were erected in the name of St. Elijah. Connection with thunder and springs brought together epic hero with Elijah the prophet, so Ilya of Muromets was also remembered on Ilyin's day.
see also [ | ]
| Ilya Muromets at Wikimedia Commons | |
| Ilya Muromets at Wikinews |
Notes [ | ]
- Veselovsky A. Favorites: On the way to historical poetics M. - St. Petersburg. : Center for Humanitarian Initiatives, 2010 - 687 p. (Series "0Russian Propylaea")
- Ilya Muromets // BDT
- , With. 204.
- // Jewish Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron. - St. Petersburg. , 1908-1913.
- // Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
- Shchodennik Yerikh Lyasoti from Steblev (Ukrainian) // Zaporozka Starovyna. - Kiev-Zaporizhzhya: NDI Cossacks of Zaporizhka Vіddіlennya, 2003. - S. 222-277 (indefinite) .
- Loboda A. M. Russian heroic epic. Kyiv. 1896
- Miller W.F. Essays on Russian folk literature. Tt. I and II. Under the editorship of M. Speransky. M.: Ed. Sabashnikov. 1916 and 1919
- Ilya Muromets: monk-hero
- Ilya Muromets and the Serpent - Uncle Golfman's Tales.
- Azbelev S. N. Historicism of epics and the specifics of folklore. L .: Nauka, 1982. - S. 278-285.
- Healing of Ilya Muromets (epic)
- There are other names for this epic. The first trip of Ilya Muromets and others.
- V.V. Marilov. General psychopathology. - M. : "Academia", 2002. - S. 94. - 224 p. - ISBN 5-7695-0838-8.
- Miller W.// Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1894. - T. XIIa. - S. 949-951.
- Filin N.V. About historical prototype Ilya Muromets
- « an assumption was made about the ancient attachment of I. Muromets to Chernigov. the city of Morovsk (Maroviysk) and the city of Karachev (see "Excursions", pp. 181-190), which preceded the bogatyr's attachment to Murom and s. Karacharov». // // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - St. Petersburg. , 1890-1907.
The meaning of the name Ilya is my God, the strength of the Lord, the power of God, the believer.
Name origin
Ilya is the Russian version of the Hebrew name Yahweh (“my”). Reliable and beautiful name, but feminine on an emotional basis. Its owner is a gentle person.
From the Hebrew language it is interpreted as "Jehovah is my God", "the fortress of the Lord." The origin of the name Ilya from the names Ilu, Il, Elim, Ilim, Ilum (Hebrew, date) - mighty, strong.
Name characteristic
Childhood
Ilya has been a good host since childhood. From an early age, he helps his mother and father in all household chores, acquires various skills. He has a developed sense of responsibility for the result, for any business. He is a leader and business executive by nature. The characteristic of the name Ilya is a gentle, frank person, kind, direct. He prefers specific quick result, and not at all prone to daydreaming. With implementation decisions taken difficulties often arise.
Character
Ilya is cheerful, sociable, compliant, easily finds mutual language with people, good in companies. He is very devoted to the family, noble. Always teach, help, explain. But in your inner world won't let anyone in. There are many feminine, maternal traits in the character.
Hot-tempered, but always quick-tempered. For intemperance, he bitterly executes himself. He seeks to first make a nest, and only then bring his beloved there. Often rooster for completely incomprehensible reasons. Failures in business and frequent disappointments help him overcome his quickness.
Ilya has a well-developed intuition. This always helps him assess the situation and accept the right decision. He has an excellent memory, the ability to see the situation from different angles.
Friendship
In the choice of comrades, he is not very picky, he can get into a bad company. May go astray and fall under the influence of friends. But love develops his creative potential.
Work
Ilya can become a teacher, doctor, mechanic, investigator. Almost always becomes a professional high level, but rarely reaches commanding heights. A great option is if Ilya works in tandem with a colleague who complements him in character.
Personal life
Ilya is gentle, caring and attentive. He really can appreciate a woman. Marries only when he is sure that he is able to feed his family. It is important for him that his wife was close to him mentally.
Name compatibility
Good compatibility of the name Ilya with female names: Elena, Anna, Vera, Irina, Angela, Sophia, Natalia. Elizabeth, Galina, Tatyana, Margarita are not suitable for marriage. For Ilya, the family is the center of the universe. He loves children: with them he is kind and gentle.
name day
Ilya's name day according to the church calendar:
- January 1 (patron saint Ilya Muromets);
- January 27 (patron saint Ilya of Sinai);
- August 2 (patron saint Elijah the Prophet).
Famous people
Famous people of our time with the name Ilya: Averbakh, Glazunov, Golosov, Kormiltsev, Kabakov, Lagutenko, Repin, Reznik, Tsymbalar, Frez, Chernyavsky.
