When will the construction of the bridge across the Kerch Strait begin. Brief history and construction features

SIMFEROPOL, May 15 - RIA Novosti Crimea. - a bridge across the Kerch Strait, 19 km long. The longest in Russia. The cost of construction is 227.92 billion rubles. The route starts at Taman Peninsula, passes through the island of Tuzla, crosses the Kerch Strait and goes to the Crimean coast.

The issue of its construction has been in the spotlight since the reunification of Crimea with Russia in March 2014. All this time, the main transport artery connecting Crimea with mainland Russia has been ferry crossing through the Kerch Strait (port "Crimea" - port "Kavkaz").

In June 2014, based on the results of the work of the expert council and interdepartmental working group construction has been approved. Experts considered more than 70 options for a transport crossing. In August, the Russian government appointed the Federal Highway Agency (Rosavtodor) as the customer for the construction of the bridge. As a result, the most optimal one was chosen: two parallel bridges - automobile and railway, which pass along the spit and the island of Tuzla.

In February 2015, the Federal State Institution "Department of Federal highways"Taman" of Rosavtodor (FKU Uprdor "Taman") signed a state contract with LLC "Stroygazmontazh". In April, Stroygazmontazh signed a design contract with CJSC Institute Giprostroymost - St. Petersburg.

In 2015, the shores of the strait are surveyed by sappers. Research work carried out by archaeologists. During the excavations, the monuments are studied bronze age, Antiquity, Middle Ages. All finds of scientific value are transferred to museums. Ecologists carry out activities to preserve flora and fauna, both terrestrial and marine. Animals and plants from the Red Data Book move to other areas.

The active construction phase began in February 2016. In March, builders began erecting the pile foundations for the structure. At the same time, Russian President Vladimir Putin inspected the progress of work.

In May 2016, the Public Council for Construction began its work. It includes representatives of government, business, journalists, environmentalists and social activists, famous artists, historians. So, TV presenter Larisa Verbitskaya (born in Feodosia), singer Alena Sviridova (grew in Kerch) and deputy State Duma, boxer Nikolai Valuev.

Russian President Vladimir Putin and Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev talk to workers while inspecting the construction of a transport crossing across the Kerch Strait. Right - director of LLC "Stroygazmontazh" for the construction of a bridge across the Kerch Strait Leonid Ryzhenkin

In February 2017, the head of Rosavtodor, Roman Starovoit, and the head of the Republic of Crimea, Sergey Aksenov, launched the construction of an auto-approach to from the side of the Kerch Peninsula. Earlier, the construction of a similar approach was started on the Taman Peninsula.

In August 2017, specialists fixed a railway arch weighing 6 thousand tons on fairway supports at a height of 35 meters above sea level. Over the next week, more than 550 ships passed under the arch. In October - a road arched span weighing 5 thousand tons at a height of 35 meters. By the end of the year, the bridge builders completed the assembly of the superstructures of the road part, having completely formed the canvas from the Taman coast to the Kerch coast. A string of metal structures with a total weight of more than 100 thousand tons is stretched over the Kerch Strait between 288 supports, 85 of which are located in the sea. More than 3,000 piles were sunk into the base of the pillars under the road, the depth of their immersion was an average of 50 meters from the surface of land or water, at one of the construction sites it reached 88 meters. At present, the builders continue to work on the railway section.

At the end of 2017, a popular vote was held for the name of the bridge to the peninsula. 64% of those who voted chose the Crimean Bridge option, 24% - Kerch bridge and 6% for the Reunification Bridge. Thus, it was chosen as the official name of the transition.

In January 2018, commissioning work began on the base of the bridge operation, and on finished plots The builders have started to lay the asphalt pavement. This was followed by work on equipping the bridge with barrier railings, a lighting system, power supply and sanitation systems, as well as automatic control. road traffic, which is necessary both for traffic control on the bridge and for informing drivers about the current situation at the facility at the time of its operation.

In the first ten days of May, the customer for the construction of the bridge FKU Uprdor "Taman" announced that Stroygazmontazh had completed the construction of the road part and it was ready for opening. Then, within a few days, the road builders completed the arrangement of the finished road. road signs, and the operation services prepared all systems and departments to ensure safe traffic on the new highway. On Monday, May 14, the State Committee for Road Facilities of the Republic of Kazakhstan announced the completion of the construction of an automobile approach to from Kerch. Opened the day before labor movement vehicles along the overpass through the auto-approach to the bridge.

The idea of creating a transport passage to the Crimea was revived together with the accession of the peninsula to Russia in 2014. The embodiment of this grandiose project will allow to connect the Crimean region with the mainland part of the state, will open great opportunities to activate the tourism industry of Crimea, and the Russians will have the right to visit the peninsula without having to cross.

Surely, every Russian is interested in the question of how construction in progress bridge to the Crimea and when it will be built. Now it is in full swing, and in this article the project of the Kerch bridge and its features are carefully studied.

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May 15, 2018 update. It's done! Read our article on the solemn. From May 16, everyone will be able to go to Crimea by car across the bridge!
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History of the Kerch bridge. In fact, the idea of the bridge arose long ago, back in the days Russian Empire under Tsar Nicholas II. The initial sketch of the project was created back in 1910, but the bridge was not built due to the outbreak of the First World War.

Then they returned to the bridge project in the 30s, during the time of Stalin (who built it in Malaya Sosnovka). Then the idea was to build railway across the Kerch Strait, but the beginning of World War II prevented the implementation of the bridge.
In 1944, in as soon as possible, a railway bridge was erected in seven months, which, however, was dismantled in 1945 from damage to part of the supports by ice from Sea of Azov.

Another sketch of the project, taking into account all the errors, was created in 1949, but it was also not implemented.

Russia and Ukraine actively discussed the creation of a transport passage through the Kerch Strait in 2010-2013, and a bilateral agreement was signed. But the construction of the Kerch Bridge began after the entry of Crimea into the Russian Federation.

This project is technically very difficult. From several options, a sketch of a bridge across the Kerch Strait was chosen total length 19 kilometers through the Tuzla Spit. The bridge will have 4 lanes of a highway with a speed of 120 km/h and 2 tracks for railway transport.

The length of the Kerch bridge to the Crimea

The capacity of the bridge is up to forty thousand vehicles per day. It is stated that the passage on the highway will be free. Although there is a lot of controversy in the Russian-speaking segment of the Internet as to whether the passage on the bridge will be free for motorists. Every now and then there are opinions and rumors that some kind of fee will still be charged for the fare.

The exact answer will be known when traffic begins on the Kerch bridge, but, judging by indirect evidence, it will still be free. For example, this is evidenced by the fact that funds from foreign investors were not involved in the construction. The entire project is funded by the state. Perhaps this was done on purpose to save free travel for cars.

Stroygazmontazh, a well-known Russian businessman Arkady Rotenberg, has been appointed as the contracting company for the construction of this grandiose project.

At least 70 proposals were considered before choosing this company. It was necessary to find a contractor that met all the requirements for construction time, cost and contract performance guarantees.

This firm has good experience for such a project. Stroygazmontazh is the main contractor of Gazprom for the construction of gas pipelines.

Stroygazmontazh LLC also has the right to engage subcontractors: it is known that certain negotiations were held with companies from South Korea to attract professionals to work.

Construction cost

How much does a bridge to Crimea cost? The Kerch bridge will be one of the most expensive bridges in the world due to the complexity of the construction. The initial cost was 50 billion rubles, but then it increased due to the combination of road and rail lines. The weakening of the Russian currency against the US dollar also contributed to the increase in value.

In the winter of 2015, based on the results of the auction, the maximum cost of work was set - it amounted to 228.3 billion rubles.

The construction of a transport crossing across the strait is financed by the state with funds from the National Welfare Fund.

Length and width of the Kerch bridge

The bridge structure is being built along the Tuzla spit. This will allow using a small piece of land in the strait to strengthen the entire structure. To meet the time frame, construction is underway in several places at once.

The length of the bridge to Crimea is 19 km. Among them:

7 km: section of the sea from the Tuzla spit to the island of the same name;
6.5 km: land on the island;
6.1 km: section of the sea from the island to Kerch.

The width of the bridge will consist of four traffic lanes of 3.75 m each, a shoulder width of 3.75 m and a 0.75 m reinforced shoulder.

The depth of the Kerch Strait at the bridge construction site

The width of the Kerch Strait is from 4.5 to 15 km. Max Depth- 18 meters.

The support piles will be anchored to stable bedrock to reinforce the entire structure. The piles will be driven into the ground to a depth of 90 m.

For this will be used:

reinforced concrete supports for immersion up to 16 m in the Kerch area;
piles from pipes with a reinforced concrete core for immersion up to 94 m in the main section;
supports made of reinforced concrete for immersion up to 45 meters in the area of the Taman Peninsula.

Delivery and completion of the construction of the Kerch bridge

Undoubtedly, everyone is looking forward to building a bridge across the Kerch Strait. This large-scale project planned to be implemented as soon as possible (four years). According to the plan, as early as December 2018, the labor movement can be launched. The deadline for the completion of the Kerch bridge is June 2019.

Bridge across the Kerch Strait on the map

It will be possible to get to the Crimean peninsula from the territory of Russia through the new bridge in the Krasnodar Territory, on the Taman Peninsula.

The Kerch Strait and the bridge to the Crimea on the map:

In addition to the bridge itself, approaches to it will also be built: roads and railways, so that residents and guests of Russia can freely move from Crimea to the mainland of the state and back. These approaches will be part of the A-290 Novorossiysk-Kerch route, which passes through the city of Anapa.

From the outside, the length of the approach will be 22 km, from the side of the Taman Peninsula - 40 km.

The construction and commissioning of the Kerch bridge will open up great prospects for domestic tourism in Russia. To visit Kerch, Simferopol, get a good tan on the Black Sea coast, swim and just travel through the wild places of Crimea, you will not need to prepare a passport. It will be enough to buy a train ticket or get into your car - and you can go on a trip!

Video about the construction of the Kerch bridge:

Wherever you are in Russia, you have heard news about the most ambitious Russian project more than once federal level. It's about about the Crimean bridge across the Kerch Strait. In this article, we will briefly analyze everything you wanted to know about it - important characteristics, exact facts, figures and plans.

What will happen in the end?

The height above the water is not the most grandiose feature of this project. However, we will definitely return to these data. The object itself is truly large-scale - it will be one of the longest bridges in Russia (total length - 19 km). The crossing will be both a highway and a railway.

The bridge will originate on the Taman Peninsula, then pass along a five-kilometer dam, cross about. Tuzla. Then it will spread across the Kerch Strait, so that from the side of Cape Ak-Burun it will reach the coast of the Crimean Peninsula.

According to preliminary plans, the first cars will pass through the bridge in December 2018. And the movement of trains will be launched a little later - in 2019.

Brief history and construction features

Just a few words about the history of the design and construction of the Crimean bridge across the Kerch Strait. The idea was born right after historic reunion RF and Crimea. In January 2015, a detailed concept of a grandiose transport crossing was already ready.

The next stage is the issuance by the Government of Russia of an order to determine a single contractor, who is obliged both to fully prepare and submit the project, and to bring it to life. Even the development had to include all the details, including the calculation of the height of the arch of the Crimean bridge.

On January 30, 2015, the Government of the Russian Federation issued Decree No. 118-r, which identified the main persons involved in the project. February 17, 2015 federal highways"Taman" of the Russian highway signed a contract with "Stroygazmontazh" LLC. BUT this organization in April of the same year, she entered into an agreement for the development of the project with CJSC "Institute Giprostroymost St. Petersburg". In 2015, LLC "SGM-Most" was also created - an organization whose goal is to manage the construction of the facility.

Silty bottom.
Increased seismic activity.
specific climatic conditions.

All this must be taken into account in order to build a durable structure that requires a minimum of repair and restoration work in the future in order to avoid terrible tragedies.

About shipping arches

The new bridge will in no way impede or restrict navigation on the route through the Kerch Strait. For the unhindered passage of ships and ships, special arches 227 meters long are provided.

What is the height of the Crimean bridge above the water? It rises 35 meters above the surface of the sea. From this it turns out that the scaffold clearance is equal to this figure.

About the highway

Along with the height of the Crimean bridge above the water, Russians are interested to know the characteristics of the future highway:

It is planned to launch a four-lane highway: two in one direction, two in the other.
The estimated speed of vehicles on the bridge will reach 120 km/h.
It is estimated that throughput The crossing currently under construction will reach 40,000 oversized vehicles per day!

About the railway

Travelers and lovers southern holiday on the shores of the gentle warm sea, it is not so much the height of the Crimean bridge above the water that excites, but the features rail traffic by him.

Here is the necessary information:

The throughput feature of the crossing is estimated by experts at 47 train pairs per day.
The estimated speed of passenger trains will be 120 km/h.
Now about "commodity workers". Max speed movement of freight trains - 80 km/h.

The railway will run next to the road, parallel to the latter.

Project Goals

So, we have dealt with the most important characteristics Crimean bridge under construction. Let's look at the goals pursued by the state, starting this grandiose project:

Creation of a completely free road connection both with Sevastopol and with the whole Crimea.
Increasing the tourist attractiveness of the region due to the ease of travel to it.
Uninterrupted freight and passenger rail traffic.
Growth investment attractiveness both Kuban and the Crimean peninsula.
Impulse for economic development southern regions RF.
Establishing a stable trade turnover between mainland Russia and the peninsula.

So we found out not only that the height of the Crimean bridge over the smooth surface of the Black Sea is 35 meters, but also others interesting information about this great object. You can continue to follow the progress of its construction both on the official website of the project and in the communities of a number of social networks- "VKontakte", "Twitter", "Odnoklassniki", "Facebook", "Instagram", on "YouTube".

Will cars be inspected?

There is no total control, as at a ferry crossing. But checkpoints have been set up on both sides of the bridge, where cars can be selectively stopped and checked. Attention, the posts are already working!

Why you can't stop on the bridge

Stopping on the bridge is strictly prohibited. This is direct violation SDA, and selfie lovers who still dare to take a timeout for a photo will face fines. 19 video cameras and 10 automatic control systems monitor compliance with traffic rules.

Violations are immediately reported to automated system traffic control, and from there to the traffic police.

By the way, there are already the first violators of traffic rules. They were bikers - participants in a motorcycle race across the bridge. Dozens of motorcyclists grossly violated the rules by stopping right on the arch to take a selfie. The cars had to go around the lovers of "selfies".

A lot of controversy arose about the movement of cyclists on the bridge. During the opening, they also moved in a column with cars. Cyclists were immediately stopped and returned back.

Later, the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation explained that the developed scheme for organizing traffic on the automobile part of the Crimean Bridge does not provide for restrictions for cyclists. However, those who want to cross from one bank to another in this way should take into account that you cannot take a “pause” on the bridge.

The ban on stopping on the bridge applies to everyone - motorists, motorcyclists, and cyclists.

Stopping prohibition applies to everyone. Otherwise, the cyclist will automatically fall into the category of violators. In general, 19 km must be driven without stopping. In addition, do not forget about weather conditions- rain and wind. In general, calculate your strength.

If stalled on the bridge

This is a force majeure circumstance that is not a violation of traffic rules. Wait for the evacuation service. They should respond to the situation within a few minutes. Evacuation will be carried out either to the Taman or the Crimean coast, depending on where the car is closer. Evacuation to the coast is free. But further, the driver will have to pay the services at their rates.

What is ASUDD and why is it needed

ASUDD is automatic system traffic management. It was developed on the basis of Russian innovative technologies. Its main task is traffic management and comprehensive control, which includes compliance with traffic rules, control of the weight and dimensions of vehicles and monitoring the traffic flow.

On 36 monitors, as in the palm of your hand, all weather parameters, bridge workload and other data are reflected online. The system will not only notify about an accident on the bridge, but also help drivers find a way out by showing information on the scoreboard (there are seven of them), if the lane is blocked, they will be able to slow down and change lanes.

The system will also notify drivers in advance of icing, strong wind fog and suggest how fast to move depending on weather conditions.

10 tips for those who will go to the Crimea on the bridgePhoto: instagram.com/cat_the_most

At the opening ceremony of the road section of the Crimean Bridge. The head of state got acquainted with the readiness single center traffic control and all operational services to the operation of the transport crossing. The traffic on the bridge will start on May 16.

The Crimean bridge will connect the Kerch Peninsula (Crimea) with the Taman Peninsula ( Krasnodar region). It will ensure uninterrupted transport connection Crimea with mainland Russia. The bridge starts on the Taman Peninsula, passes along the existing five-kilometer dam and Tuzla Island, crosses the Kerch Strait, rounding Cape Ak-Burun from the north, and comes out on the Crimean coast. The transport crossing consists of parallel automobile and railway routes. Pedestrian areas and bike paths are not provided.

Story

The railway bridge across the Kerch Strait was first built during the Great Patriotic War. In the fall of 1944, it was erected by Soviet military engineers in 150 days. The bridge connected the Krasnodar coast near the Chushka Spit with the Crimean coast near the village of Zhukovka. The structure, 4.5 km long and 22 m wide, consisted of 115 spans and a device for passing ships. On February 18, 1945, the bridge was destroyed by a powerful ice drift from the Sea of Azov. Instead of a bridge crossing, on September 22, 1954, a ferry service across the Kerch Strait began to operate (Krasnodar port "Caucasus" - port "Crimea").

Since the late 1990s, the idea of building a combined road and rail bridge across the strait has been actively discussed by Russian and Ukrainian authorities. In February 2014, after forced change authorities in Ukraine, negotiations were terminated. In March of the same year, Crimea was reunited with Russia. The main transport corridor connecting the peninsula with the mainland of the Russian Federation remained the Kerch ferry crossing.

On March 19, 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin set the task for the Russian Ministry of Transport to build a bridge across the strait in two versions - road and rail. Of the several proposed projects, the one that provided for construction not in the narrowest section of the strait, like a bridge built in 1944, was recognized as the most optimal, but to the south - from the Taman Peninsula to Kerch across the island of Tuzla. In August 2014, Russian President Vladimir Putin approved the design documentation for the construction of a bridge with a highway and electrified railways.

Project executors

The customer of the project was the Federal State Institution "Department of Federal Highways "Taman" of the Federal Road Agency of the Russian Federation. In accordance with the government decree dated January 30, 2015, Stroygazmontazh LLC (part of Arkady Rotenberg's SGM group of companies) was appointed as the general contractor for the work. Construction project management the bridge is carried out by Stroygazmontazh-Most LLC.

Nearly 220 people were involved in the construction of the bridge. Russian enterprises, the construction is carried out by more than 30 bridge crews, more than 10 thousand workers and over 1.5 thousand engineering and technical specialists.

Main technical characteristics

The total length of the bridge is 19 km (it will become the longest in Russia);
four-lane highway(two lanes in each direction) with a total capacity of up to 40,000 vehicles per day;
allowed speed on the highway for cars - 90 km / h;
two railway tracks with a capacity of up to 47 pairs of trains per day;
the permitted speed of passenger trains - 90 km/h, freight - 80 km/h;
capacity - 14 million passengers and 13 million tons of cargo per year;
for shipping arched spans 35 m high.

The transport crossing project also includes the construction of railway and automobile infrastructure along both banks of the Kerch Strait. More than 100 km of roads and railways are being built.

Railway approaches to the bridge from the side Krasnodar Territory and Crimea - these are roads with a length of 40 and 17.5 km. They will be put into operation in 2019, simultaneously with the railway part of the crossing.

Financing

The cost of the state contract for the design and construction of the bridge (expenses of the contractor LLC Stroygazmontazh) was approved in the amount of 223 billion 143 million rubles in the prices of the corresponding years. total cost construction will amount to 227.922 billion rubles. Works are carried out only at the expense of the federal budget within the framework of the federal target program"Socio-economic development of the Republic of Crimea and the city of Sevastopol until 2020".

Name of the bridge

Until the end of 2017, the transport crossing through the Kerch Strait had no official name. The question of the name of the future bridge was asked to Russian President Vladimir Putin at a big press conference on December 23, 2016. In response, the head of state offered to find out the opinion of Russians through a survey.

On November 16, 2017, a voting started on the website nazovimost.rf, during which users were asked to choose a name for the bridge. Five of the most popular options were submitted for consideration: Crimean, Kerch, Tuzlinsky, the Friendship Bridge and the Reunification Bridge. Voting participants could also propose their own version of the name.

Construction stages

By the end of 2015, the necessary infrastructure for construction was created on both sides of the Kerch Strait. To ensure transport links with offshore areas, temporary working bridges were erected, from which technological work in the waters of the strait. In October 2015, the first working bridge, 1.2 km long, connected the Taman Peninsula and Tuzla. Two more (with a length of 1.8 and 2 km) - towards each other from Kerch and Tuzla Island - were put into operation in the summer of 2016. On March 18 of the same year, Russian President Vladimir Putin visited the construction site for the first time.

On March 10, 2016, builders began the construction of pile foundations for the Kerch bridge supports on land, and on May 17, on offshore sections.

In mid-June 2017, the assembly of the navigable arch of the railway part of the bridge was completed (weight - about 6 thousand tons, consists of more than 400 large elements). The railway span is a combination of a span structure with through main trusses and an arch. Installation of the arch began on August 27, 2017. A special floating system delivered it to the transport crossing, then the structure began to rise to the fairway supports. On August 29, the railway arch span was raised to the design height. The offshore operation to transport and lift the arch has become unique for Russian bridge building. According to the construction information center, arched spans with such dimensions have not yet been installed in marine conditions.

At the end of July 2017, on the Kerch coast, the assembly of the road part of the bridge was completed (weight - about 5.5 thousand tons, consists of almost 200 large elements). Arched spans are the most dimensional elements of the Crimean bridge, the length of each is 227 m, the height of the arch is highest point- 45 m. On October 11, 2017, an operation began to transport the road arch. On October 12, the arched span was raised to the fairway supports and secured. Once installed, it provided unobstructed passage for ships through a free space 185 m wide and 35 m high above sea level.

On February 2, 2017, the construction of spans between the marine supports of the crossing began. By the beginning of 2018, almost all piles for the road and railway parts of the future bridge were installed - more than 6.5 thousand pieces. In some areas, the depth of their immersion reached 105 m, which corresponds to the height of a 35-storey building. More than 130,000 of almost 250,000 tons of metal structures of superstructures were assembled.

By the end of April 2018, the builders had completely completed the laying of the asphalt concrete pavement on the road part of the transport crossing, performed static and dynamic tests of this part of the bridge. In early May, the customer of the construction - the Administration of Federal Highways "Taman" - accepted the road part of the Crimean bridge to complete preparations for the opening of traffic.

Opening of traffic on the bridge

The opening of the working movement of cars on the bridge was planned in December 2018, the start of temporary operation of the railway line - in December 2019.

In a number of areas, work was carried out ahead of schedule. On March 14, 2018, Russian President Vladimir Putin, who visited the construction site, did not rule out that the movement of cars would be opened ahead of schedule. At the same time, the head of the Stroygazmontazh company, Arkady Rotenberg, said that the builders would be ready to hand over the automotive part of the facility after May 9, 2018.

The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation is considering a phased scheme for organizing traffic on the automobile part of the passage through the Kerch Strait. At the first stage - in May 2018 - the passage will be opened for cars and passenger buses. Beginning of regular traffic freight transport scheduled for the end of 2018.

According to information center"Crimean Bridge", traffic for motorists will be opened on May 16 at 05:30 Moscow time simultaneously from both banks of the Kerch Strait. At the same time, the entrance to the auto approaches to the bridge from the side of the Taman and Kerch peninsulas will be opened one hour before the official start of traffic. From the Krasnodar Territory to the bridge leads federal highway A-290 to the interchange with the new road on the Taman Peninsula, then 40 km along the auto-approach to the bridge. From the Crimean side, traffic starts from the interchange on the existing Simferopol-Kerch highway and further 8.6 km to the transport crossing.

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