For more than a century scientists have been struggling to unravel the contents of the mysterious Voynich Manuscript. various directions. Recently, professor of linguistics from the University of Bedfordshire Stephen Bax, as well as American botanist Arthur Tucker from the University of Delaware and programmer Rexford Tolbert managed to lift the veil on the mystery.

The manuscript, according to some information, was acquired by the famous antiquarian and second-hand bookseller Mikhail-Wilfried Voynich (husband of the writer Ethel Lilian Voynich, the author of the famous in Russia "Gadfly") from the Italian Jesuits. After the death of the Voynich spouses, she ended up in the library Yale University where it is still located.

The manuscript consists of 246 parchment pages measuring 17 by 24 centimeters, filled with calligraphic handwriting, contains rather casually done color illustrations, as well as images of stars and zodiac symbols. The book contains about 400 colored drawings of various plants, but until recently none of them could be identified. But most importantly, no one could say in which language the book was written!

The cover letter indicated that the manuscript had been purchased from late XVI century by the king of Bohemia (now the Czech Republic) Rudolph II, who was fond of the occult sciences. After that, she changed hands more than once until she ended up with Voynich.

Many researchers have since struggled to decipher the texts. medieval manuscript, but unsuccessfully ... Although somehow the contents of the book still managed to be systematized. So, judging by the drawings, the manuscript consists of five parts. The first is dedicated to botany, the second to cosmology, the third to human biology, the fourth to pharmaceuticals, and the fifth to astrology.

The texts are written in a font in which, according to various sources, there are from 19 to 28 letters. Although it contains signs similar to Greek and letters, Hebrew hieroglyphs, as well as Arabic numerals, it is not possible to attribute the text to any known alphabet or sign system.

Professional cryptographers tried to read the text, and very high class. But the "keys" they found did not fit the book as a whole. Therefore, a version was put forward that the text was not just encrypted, but was originally created in different languages.

The English linguist Stephen Bax tried to identify proper names in the book. He considered that they were coded under the guise of mysterious plants and stars. Previously, in the same way, it was possible to identify some Egyptian hieroglyphs. The scientist tried to use the received "names" to decipher the remaining letters. So, Bax announced, he managed to identify in the text the name of the constellation Taurus, as well as the word "Kantairon", which, as he assures, the author designated the medieval herb centaury.

And researchers Arthur Tucker and Rexford Tolbert came to the conclusion that the manuscript contains fragments in the Aztec language and tells about the flora and fauna of the New World. By the way, a similar assumption was put forward before. So, in 1944, a botanist named Hugh O'Neill "discovered" images of American sunflowers and red peppers on the pages of the book. From this, he concluded that the manuscript was written no earlier than 1493, when Christopher Columbus brought the first sunflowers from the New World to the Old seeds ... But later it turned out that in fact the "red" pepper was green, and the "sunflower" had an oval shape. Apparently, the "researcher" had bad eyes...

As for Tucker and Tolbert, they decided to compare the images of plants in the book with drawings from several so-called "floristic codes" of the New World, compiled in mid-sixteenth- the beginning of the 17th century. So, on one of the pages of the Voynich Manuscript, a plant with a flat rhizome, from which claw-like processes extend, and white flowers with a tubular corolla, is almost identical to a plant from the Cruz-Badianus codex of 1552. Both of them resemble in appearance the bindweed Ipomoea murucoides. Also, one of the drawings, according to the authors of the study, depicts a leaf or fruit of a cactus, most likely Opuntia ficus-indica. Yes, and the signature under it is similar to "nahuatl" ("cactus" in Aztec).

In total, scientists say, they managed to identify 37 of the 303 plants presented in the manuscript, as well as six animals and one mineral, which turned out to be boleite. They suggest that the book is actually a description of some medieval botanical garden or reserve, possibly located in central Mexico. So, there is nothing particularly mysterious in it ...

The Voynich Manuscript is the most mysterious book in history. It was created in the 15th century, but it is still unknown what is written and depicted in it. You too can try to solve this riddle.

"Russian" hypothesis

Yes, in the almost detective story of the most mysterious book of all ages, there was a “Russian trace”. The man who made the manuscript famous was born in Russian Empire in 1865. His name was Wilfried Mikhail Voynich. His biography was rich in sharp turns.

At a young age, after graduating Faculty of Chemistry Moscow University, Wilfried was a member of a terrorist organization " People's Will". Underground work led to arrest and exile in Irkutsk, but three years later Voynich managed to escape from there. And not just anywhere, but to London, and not to anyone, but to his beloved Ethel Lilian. The one who would later become the author of the novel "The Gadfly".
Having celebrated the wedding, the young moved away from revolutionary activity. Voynich was to participate in another revolution - the revolution in cryptography. He took up antique business, opened his shop and began to travel the world in search of rare publications.

In 1912, fate led him to a mysterious book, the language of which today considered unresolved.

It is significant that Wilfrid did not admit until his death who exactly he bought this manuscript from. The official version is that the antiquary purchased the manuscript along with 29 more books from the Roman College, which needed funds and therefore arranged a “sale”.
It is also known that one of the owners of the book was the Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II, another proven keeper of the book is the Prague alchemist Georg Baresh.

Fake?

The idea that the manuscript is a skillful forgery of modern times was one of the first that occurred to everyone who tried to decipher this book. Too "gibberish" language in this tome. However, the following facts speak against such a conclusion.

First, a hydrocarbon analysis by Greg Hodgins at the University of Arizona showed that the manuscript was produced between 1404 and 1438.

Secondly, the text in the book is structured, the analysis of the ink showed that the scribe knew what he was writing about (the letters were written quickly, 4 seconds per word). Linguistic analysis shows the presence of structures characteristic of known language systems. Finally, the manuscript is written on parchment, while paper was already used in the 15th century. Create such an expensive fake?

Eastern hypothesis

The French philologist Jacques Guy, one of those who are trying to unravel the mystery of the manuscript, analyzed the text of the book and came to the paradoxical conclusion that the structure of the language is similar to Chinese and Vietnamese languages. Thus was born the theory of eastern origin manuscript. In support of his hypothesis, Guy also makes the argument that some of the plants depicted in the book grew only in China at the time of writing. For example, ginseng. However, none of the East Asian scholars has been able to convincingly say in which particular dialect the text is written.

Editing

Rene Zandbergen of the European Space Agency believes that the manuscript has been corrected several times. And we are dealing not with one text, but with several. Indirectly, this hypothesis is confirmed by computer analysis parchment sheets, which showed that yes - the text was retouched. However, it has not yet been possible to restore the original text and separate it from later layers.

Encrypted hypothesis

Some scholars believe that the Voynich Manuscript is a cipher. So thought, for example, William Newbold, who was one of the first to decipher the text of the book. He was considered one of the best cryptologists of his time. The scientist believed that the manuscript was written in encrypted Latin, the key to which is contained in the inscription on the last page "Michiton oladabas multos te tccr cerc portas".

If you remove the “extra” characters from there, and replace the letters “o” with “a”, then the inscription Michi dabas multas portas will come out. ("You gave me many doors").

Dr. Gordon Rugg of Keely University is also convinced that the text of the book is a cipher written using a Cardano grid. In his opinion, the author of the manuscript entered Latin letters into the cells, and filled in the gaps with invented letters.

A riddle within a riddle

The Voynich Manuscript is a riddle within a riddle. So far, no one has been able to explain in what language it is written, it is not known what the drawings of this book depict. The authorship is also unclear. AT different time it was attributed to Roger Bacon, and John Dee, and other alchemists, but there is still no concrete evidence for any of these versions either.

Of the alleged versions of the origin of the manuscript, we want to note two more.

American cryptologist John Steiko believes that the text is written in the language Kievan Rus, without the use of vowels. The scientist is sure that the manuscript is a correspondence between the mysterious ruler of Kievan Rus named Ora and the Khazar ruler named Manya Koza. In support of this version, we can say that the manuscript depicts the walls of the city with dovetail-shaped teeth. Such in the XV century were only in Northern Italy and ... the Moscow Kremlin.

According to another version, the manuscript is of Aztec origin. This hypothesis was put forward earlier this year by scientists Arthur Tucker and Rexford Talbert. They began studying the manuscript with drawings and recognized many of the plants endemic to South America. The researchers put forward a version that the text was written in one of the many extinct dialects of the Aztec language, Nuatl, and it was written in the 15th century by a representative of the Aztec elite who visited Europe.

By the way, you yourself can try to decipher the manuscript. Here is the link .

Deciphering the Voynich manuscript

Many people around the world are trying to decipher the mysterious inscriptions written in the Voynich manuscript. But no one has yet been able to find an answer to the centuries-old riddle. Does she have this clue?

It seemed to us that this information was extremely interesting and we decided to publish on our website the results of the work of Nikolai, who did not spare his time and effort to decipher the indecipherable mysterious text.

Below are pictures with decoding, text and a progress report provided by Nikolai Anichkin. The author's spelling and punctuation have been preserved.

All a pleasant acquaintance, we hope you will be interested in the decryption method proposed by Nikolai Anichkin.

The Voynich Manuscript Can Be Deciphered

1. Background

Our ancestors left us a lot unsolved mysteries. They exist in many areas of human activity and have various origins, including: natural, historical, geographical, man-made, etc. among the man-made secrets, a special place is occupied by the so-called. the Voynich manuscript (hereinafter referred to as the MV). Available open sources The following is known about the history of MW.

In 1912, the College of Rome suffered a financial crisis and it was decided to sell off some of the property, and this had to be done under the cloak of secrecy. The library went on sale first. One of the buyers was the famous dealer of ancient books Wilfried Voynich (husband of the famous writer E. Voynich). Reviewing the rarities from the Kircher collection put up for sale, he drew attention to a mysterious manuscript, which was written in unfamiliar characters, and decided to purchase it. From about that moment on, the book began to be called the Voynich Manuscript, because. its true name is unknown to this day. After the death of V. Voynich, MV became the property of his wife. After the death of E. Voynich, the rarity became the property of her heiress Ann Neill, who in 1961 sold it again to the bookseller Hans Kraus. Hans Kraus failed to find a buyer and in 1969 he donated it to Yale University, and specifically to the Beinecke Library, where it is kept to this day. When buying the book, V. Voynich found 2 letters enclosed in it, according to the first one, in 1586 it became the property of the Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire Rudolf-2. Until that time, the history of MW is practically unknown. The following is known about Emperor Rudolph II (1552 - 1612). In 1576 he took the imperial post in Prague. Prague at that time was considered the center of the occult. Alchemy and the manufacture of artificial gold were especially common here. Rudolph-2 was practically known as the patron of alchemists. Apparently, believing that MV is related to alchemy, Rudolf-2 acquired it. It should be noted that even today there is an opinion that MW belongs to alchemy. Apparently failed attempts deciphering the book cooled Rudolf-2's interest in it, and in 1585 it became the property of the next alchemist Baresh.

At this time, the name of the Jesuit scholar from Rome, Athanasius Kircher, who was then believed to be able to read the hieroglyphs on Egyptian artifacts, gains fame. It is confirmed that Baresh approached Kircher with a request to transfer the MV. The reverse reaction is unknown. After Baresh, the book passed into the ownership of his friend Johann Markus Marzi, who at that time was the rector of the University of Prague. According to a second letter found by Voynich while purchasing the book, Marzi sent it to his friend Kircher.

This is what the confirmed history of MV looks like, or rather part of it. Several examinations conducted to determine the age of the MV almost reliably showed that it was written at the very beginning of the 15th century. Therefore, the period of unknown history of MW is more than 200 years.

After acquiring the book, Voynich made active attempts to decipher it, attracting well-known specialists for this. Famous cryptologists, linguists, programmers and specialists in other fields of knowledge, who could not resist the most closed ciphers, took on the decryption. Experts in breaking the strongest ciphers used by Germany and Japan during the Second World War also failed to achieve any results. It is known from open sources that in our time, the US CIA officers also undertook to open the MV cipher, but they did not succeed either. But it is impossible to consider all these titanic efforts useless. The result of all the failures to decipher the MV became the basis for giving it the name of the most mysterious book in the world, the holy grail of cryptography, etc.

From all the grandiose and painstaking work done, the main conclusion was drawn - there is no language in the world and in the foreseeable past there was no language with an alphabet similar to the alphabet used when writing MV, if these signs are considered letters of some alphabet.

All these failures have created various versions origin of CF, including:

- MV is of alien origin;

- MV is someone's joke that has no significance;

- MV is written in some specially invented language, etc.

The first version can be rejected without discussion, because. nothing similar to the alien has been found on Earth so far.

The second version can be rejected for the reason that there are too many painstaking work I had to put in a joke like this.

Third version. Why was it necessary to invent a language to encrypt a large amount of information that no one will decipher later? Maybe it's easier to destroy it? Thus, the conclusion suggests itself - the information was encrypted with the prospect of being decrypted.

Consequently, when writing the MV, the language that really existed at that time was used.

From this follows the main conclusion - it is necessary to look for a different way of deciphering. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the error of previous researchers. They all wanted to see letters in the signs used when writing MV European languages. Nobody succeeded.

From all of the above, the conclusion follows - when writing the MV, a language that actually existed at that time and in that territory was used, the letters of the alphabet of which were replaced by signs. This formed the basis for further work decoding MV.

2. Choice of approach method

In general, MV is a collection of drawings of plants, pie charts, unknown women's rites and a significant text part. By outward signs it can be attributed to some kind of encyclopedic reference book.

An analysis of the methods of approach to deciphering the MV showed that all of them had one error.

All of them tried to see the letters of the alphabet of any language, moreover, the European language, in the signs with which MV is written. This approach did not give any results. Therefore, it is necessary to change the method of approach to decoding. Namely, it is necessary to find a language, the structure of the alphabet of which would correspond to the structure of the system of signs used in writing the MW. Those. take as a basis not a single sign, but the whole system of signs as a whole.

Now it is necessary to find a system in a variety of signs with which MV is written. After analyzing the signs used in the MV, I managed to discover such a system. It should be noted that later it turned out that in the entire system there are signs that do not correspond to any letter. But this is due to the peculiarities of the language.

Now the question arose to find a language whose alphabet format would coincide with the format of MB characters. The searches have yielded results. found ancient language, the format (or structure) of the alphabet of which coincided with the format (or structure) of characters used in the text of the MW. But then everything did not go smoothly. In terms of structure, the complex of characters and the alphabet of the proposed language are identical, but the number of letters turned out to be somewhat larger. I had to return to the text. As a result, a numerical mark was found in the text itself. Using this mark as a hint and assigning two letters to a certain number of characters, everything fell into place. Later, when translating some short words the indicated assignment of signs to letters was confirmed. This is the second level of MB encryption. Further, after analyzing the text with the already available data, it turned out that in words that begin with vowels, these vowels are omitted. This can be considered the third level of encryption. These two circumstances further exclude the possibility of using computer programs for translating the MW text. "Manual" translation is also difficult. For example, if a word in the text consists of 4 characters, then this supposed word will correspond to 8 letters, 4 of which must be excluded. Thus, it is practically impossible to do without a perfect knowledge of this language of the ancestors. When translating short words, I used information obtained on the Internet, and they are, as you know, limited there and in only generally accepted use. And in this case we have specific themes.

Now it should be noted, it is clearly seen that at least three topics are described in the MW, namely: botany, medicine and astronomy. For one person detailed knowledge in such different areas it is too much. The conclusion follows from this - in this MW information is collected from different sources. If it is known that MV was written in the origins of the 15th century, then the knowledge described in it was known much earlier. It can be assumed that this knowledge was used by our ancestors in the so undeservedly forgotten Vedic times. This time had its own characteristics. For example, the reckoning was different. Namely, the year (summer) had three periods: winter, spring, autumn; in each period there were three months, in each month there were 40 (41) days, in a week there were 9 days (and this has survived to this day with the commemoration of the dead: 9 and 40 days), there are 16 hours in a day. We will dwell on other features of the Vedic chronology and astronomical knowledge below when opening individual topics of the MV.

Now it is necessary to determine the reason for encrypting this vital knowledge.

Knowing quite accurately the time of writing the MV and by the language used, having determined the territory where it was written, it is easy to determine which historical events took place in this area. It turned out that in this territory at that time there was a conquest of one people by another. And not just a conquest, but a change of religion. It is known that the change of religion, faith is more painful than just occupation. Based on this, we can conclude that all this secret knowledge by our ancestors was collected in one place and encrypted in order to save them from enemies. Further "journeys" of this document until the second half of the 16th century are unknown. Perhaps about his content to those from whom he was hiding and a hunt was organized for him. According to the logic, there should be a key to it, which could, or even can, be stored elsewhere, namely in the place where it was written. Moreover, it cannot be ruled out that the keepers of the key are looking for this document, but its common name is far from the true one, which makes it impossible to find it. But this is an assumption that, in principle, cannot be ruled out and should be verified.

Using the above in the so-called botanical section, the following short words (short in the text of the MW) succumbed to translation: Sweet drink, nectar. Food, food. Pleasure, enjoyment. Grain, bread. Six. Drink, absorb. Maturing, maturity. Saturated. Hemp, hemp, hemp clothes. Food, food. Maybe. Cleanse (intestines). Drink. A wish. Knowledge. Sweet drink, nectar and others. There is no doubt that the correlation coefficient between the meaning of these words and the depicted plants is very high.

So, on page 20 the words are translated: hemp, hemp clothes; food, food. Indeed, even in our recent past, hemp was grown in my small homeland, from which threads were obtained, then linen and clothes.

Drawing from page 20

In addition, oil was obtained from it, which was used in cooking. Moreover, among the many types of cannabis, we can easily find a similar one. Next we have the word "six". Bearing in mind the Vedic week equal to 9 days, we have 6 weeks, or 54 days, or almost two months in the modern chronology. And this is the period of full maturation of most plants. These first obtained translation data give grounds to consider the chosen MT translation algorithm as correct.

By the way, among enough a large number plants, we do not see potatoes, which were imported from America. This is due to the fact that some experts believe that Mexico is the birthplace of CF. But at the time of its writing, the potato was used to the fullest.

At the same time, a specialist from Ukraine, Yevgeny Chorny, should also answer, who believes that the MV was written using the Ukrainian language. Moreover, he wrote and presented a book on this subject. He is wrong. This is something similar to the globe of Ukraine.

Now let's move on to the section of pie charts. The first of them is on page 57/1 (114) according to the numbering on the Internet). The diagram consists of 4 parts. In each part, the silhouette of a person, by which it is impossible to determine his gender (this remark will play its role later). Therefore, the information in this figure is applicable to everyone, regardless of gender. There are many short words in this diagram that have been translated. These are commonly used words, namely: sour milk. Milk product. Boiled food. Meal time. Sometimes. Some. Promote. Eat, eat. There is no doubt that in this case we are talking about the organization of proper, healthy nutrition. Now why four parts. Turning to the Vedas, we find that the food of our ancestors was four times a day. Further. In each part we find the same groups of words, which are translated as follows: anyone. Pronounce. Praise. located. Turning to the Vedas, we find that before each meal, one of those present at the table should say praise to the Gods and our Ancestors. Thus, the conclusion follows that in this figure we are talking not only about rational nutrition, but also about the ritual of eating.

Drawing from Page 57/1 (114)

Next, consider the diagrams posted on pages 70-74 (127-134). All charts are the same. Distinctive feature diagrams is that the center of them is the sign of the zodiac. But we find only 10 signs out of 12 existing. This is explained as follows. According to the CF custodian, it is known that some of the CF sheets were not found. AT this section we see that sheet number 73 is followed by sheet number 75, i.e. 1 sheet is missing, on which 2 more diagrams should be placed.

Consider the diagram on page 70 (127). In the middle of the diagram is most likely the sign of the zodiac Pisces. Around in concentric circles placed in total 30 female figures with notes. In the next two diagrams, the author depicted identical signs zodiac, but in each figure there are fifteen female figures. Nevertheless, thirty figures of women correspond to this sign of the zodiac. The situation is similar in the other figures.

Drawing from Page 70 (127)

As a result, we have the following:

- the figures on the diagrams are purely female;

- all signs of the zodiac correspond to a specific number of female figures, namely thirty;

- in most cases, the marks next to the female figures located in the same places are different.

It is logical to assume that there should be a probable connection between the signs of the zodiac, the silhouettes of women and the number "30". Consider the fact that according to the Vedas there were nine days in a week. Multiplying nine days by thirty gives two hundred and seventy days. Well, this period is familiar to all at least women. it full period women's pregnancy. Now it is clear why the diagrams show only the figures of women and there are thirty of them.

Based on the foregoing, the conclusion follows by itself: the indicated diagrams show the features of pregnancy periods in women at conception during various zodiac signs. To prove this, in one of the diagrams I was able to translate two words: Perhaps. Born.

Further, on page 67 (121) there are 2 diagrams. Let's consider the first of them. The diagram is a circle divided into 12 sectors. A word is inscribed in each sector and a certain number of stars are placed, and their number is not constant. With a high degree of probability, we can assume that this chart shows the year after lunar calendar. At that time, according to the lunar calendar, the year consisted of 12 months. The word in the sector means the name of the month, and the number of stars indicates the number of stars included in the zodiac sign corresponding to this month. On the outer circle of the diagram, apparently, the essence of these months is described.

Figure from Page 67 (121)

We continue on the next page, which also contains two diagrams. The first of them, most likely, shows the main phases of the moon, namely: new moon, first quarter, full moon, last quarter. Around the circumference, apparently, a description of these phases is given.

On the next page, the first drawing also refers to the Moon. It shows the two main phases of the moon: new moon and full moon, as well as 29 stars. The number of stars corresponds to the number of days in the lunar month (28.5). According to the Vedas, each day of the lunar month had its own name.

There are a few more diagrams below. Again, according to the Vedas, the Vedic chronology had the so-called. Circles of time. The main ones are the Circle of Years and the Circle of Life. FROM big share probability, it can be assumed that part of the MW diagrams are the circles of time. So, on page 86/1 (158) there are 9 circular drawings. According to the Vedas, the Sun, moving in its orbit, passes through 9 elements. Perhaps these elements are shown in this figure.

There are plausible explanations for some other sections as well. But they still need to be confirmed.

This is what we managed to get using the existing technique. Of course, with the help of professional translation, you can get more significant results. Nevertheless, the results obtained with a high degree of probability give reason to believe that:

1. The specified method of decrypting the MB is its key and can be used for further translation.

2. MV is a kind of encyclopedia of ancient knowledge, or the Book of Life of our ancestors. Perhaps this knowledge would be relevant today.

Nikolay Anichkin

For those who are interested in the decryption method or have a desire to help the author, here is his email address: [email protected]

We thank Nikolai for the information provided and wish him not to stop there, and success in his future work!

Author

barbarian

Creativity, work on modern idea knowledge of the world and the constant search for answers

Canadian AI experts say they have finally identified the language in which a mysterious 600-year-old manuscript is written that has baffled generations of cryptographers and linguists. What is the Voynich manuscript and was it really possible for a computer to do again what a human could not do?

What book are you talking about?

The Voynich Manuscript is a medieval document without a cover, the meaning and purpose of which is so vague that some conspiracy theorists claim that it was written by aliens. One of the main versions: the manuscript was created for the purpose of drawing and is written in non-existent language. 240 pages of handwritten text in it are illustrated with images of plants, including those that do not look like known to science views, strange astronomical charts, and bathing women. The text of the manuscript is written from left to right, using about 20-25 "letters" (a few dozen more characters appear once or twice) and without visible punctuation marks.

Traditionally, the manuscript is divided into six sections devoted respectively to herbs, astronomy, biology (there are images of women here), cosmology and pharmaceuticals - and the sixth section is usually called "stars" because of the drawings of stars in the margins of a very dense text.

The manuscript received the name by which it became famous, after the name of the Polish merchant rare books and writer's husband Ethel Voynich Wilfred, who bought it from the Jesuit library in 1912 and began actively looking for a specialist who could decipher it.

Using the method of radiocarbon dating, which is used to determine the age of fossil remains and ancient artifacts, the manuscript was attributed to the beginning of the 15th century. It is now kept in the Beinecke Library of Yale University, to which it was donated in 1969 by another bookseller, Hans Kraus, who was unable to find a next buyer for the mysterious manuscript.

In 2016, the Spanish publishing house Siloe, which specializes in copying manuscripts, bought the rights to print 898 exact copies the Voynich manuscript at a price of 7 to 8 thousand euros apiece - while approximately 300 not yet finished copies have already been bought.

Who tried to reveal the secret of the manuscript?

The Voynich Manuscript is, without exaggeration, one of the main cryptographic mysteries of mankind. It is believed that even the first ones tried unsuccessfully to decipher it. famous owners- depending on the source, this or the Prague alchemist of the first half of XVII century named Georg Baresh, or the court pharmacist of Emperor Rudolf II Jakub Gorzhchitsky. The manuscript baffled, for example, cryptographers from the British Bletchley Park, who cracked the ciphers of the German "Enigma" in the Second world war. A popular and very thorough book about him, The Voynich Manuscript: A Graceful Enigma by Mary d'Imperio, written in 1978, can now be found in open access on the website of the American Agency national security(NSA).

Understand "Voynich", as they began to call mysterious language manuscripts, many scholars have tried. One of the first documented suggestions of what the Voynich manuscript might be was in 1921 by professor of philosophy William Newbold, who saw tiny lines in the letterforms that he believed to be ancient Greek cursive. Newbold announced that the manuscript was compiled in the 14th century by the scientist and philosopher Roger Bacon, and it is actually dedicated to scientific discoveries like the invention of the microscope. However, this version did not last long: Newbold's critics quickly showed that the microscopic lines he found were just cracks in the ink.

Some experts believe that this is a text in some European or other language, encrypted using some algorithm (and some indicate that there may be two of these languages ​​- for example, they think at the Institute applied mathematics named after M.V. Keldysh RAS). As candidate languages, not only the relatively banal Latin, but also the Tibetan dialect and even Ukrainian language from which the vowels were removed. The last idea was expressed in 1978 by an amateur philologist and Canadian Ukrainian origin John Stoyko, but his version of the translation, with sentences like "emptiness is what the eye of the baby god fights for" turned out to be extremely meaningless. According to other versions, the Voynich manuscript can be written using a book code, that is, the meaning for each word in it must be looked for in special dictionary- writing and reading such texts is extremely laborious, but theoretically it is possible.

In addition, a manuscript may be written in shorthand or steganography, where non-obvious details (say, only the number of letters in each line) are used to convey meaning. No less interesting are the hypotheses that the manuscript could be written in a little-known natural or artificial language, - latest version the famous cryptographer William Friedman, "the father of American cryptology" held for some time, although the earliest references known to us to the idea of ​​an artificially constructed language occur two centuries later than the supposed time of the manuscript's creation.

Finally, the Voynich manuscript may be deliberate nonsense. For example, Gordon Rugg of the University of Keele in England wrote an article in Scientific American in 2004 suggesting that the author could have used the Cardano lattice, a method invented in 1550 by the Italian mathematician Gerolamo Cardano, to create deliberately meaningless text that only superficially resembles a cipher. . The Cardano lattice is a card with holes cut in it, by imposing it on a specially prepared and seemingly harmless text, a hidden message can be read in the holes. With a properly made card, Rugg, he says, was able to produce text that was very similar in properties to the text of the Voynich manuscript.

Opponents of this hypothesis point to the fact that the text of the manuscript obeys the so-called Zipf's law: this law describes how often in enough long text on the natural language there are certain words, that is, the manuscript still cannot be complete rubbish. True, in response to this, Rugg wrote an article in 2016 in which he showed that with the help of the Cardano lattice it is possible to convincingly simulate a “text” that is not inferior to meaningful from the point of view of Zipf’s law.

And journalists Jerry Kennedy and Rob Churchill, in their 2004 book, even admit that the manuscript is an example of glossolalia (a speech consisting of meaningless words, but having some signs of meaningful speech): according to their assumption, its author could "simply" record a stream consciousness dictated to him by the voices in his head.

Most recent high-profile story with the "decoding" of the manuscript happened in September 2017, when the British historian and television screenwriter Nicholas Gibbs announced that, according to him, the manuscript is a textbook-instruction for the treatment of gynecological diseases for a wealthy lady, written by the author's Latin ligatures (a ligature is a combination of two letters for convenience and speed of writing, for example, the ampersand sign, &, is formed from the et ligature).

Gibbs was immediately criticized by numerous experts in medieval studies and Latin, who accused him of appropriating other people's ideas about the medical nature of the manuscript and unfounded theses. The director of the American Academy of Medieval Studies, Lisa Fagin-Davies, told The Atlantic at the time that if Gibbs had shown his findings to at least the librarians of Yale, where the manuscript is stored, they would have instantly refuted them.

What happened this time?

Last week, the Canadian media suddenly discovered a study by Professor Greg Kondrak from the laboratory artificial intelligence University of Alberta and his graduate student Bradley Hauer, published back in 2016. These scientists trained the program to correctly determine the language of the text in 97% of cases, using as material for "training" the translation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights into 380 languages. Previously, the laboratory of Kondrak and Hauer presented computer program Cepheus, capable of beating professional players in a form of Texas hold'em, one of the most complex types poker.

By applying their algorithm to the Voynich manuscript, the Canadians came to the conclusion that the Voynich manuscript was written in ancient Hebrew with alphagrams - anagrams in which the letters are sorted alphabetically. Other scientists have also suggested alphagrams, and Kondrak and Bradley, using algorithms to decipher them, "recognized" Hebrew words in 80% of the words of the manuscript. After clarifications in spelling, the first sentence of the manuscript Google translate translated as follows: "She gave recommendations to the priest, the owner of the house, me and other people." Canadians believe that the manuscript is a pharmacopoeia, a set of rules for the manufacture, storage and prescription of medicines.

The work of scientists was published in the journal Transactions of the Association of Computational Linguistics. The first professional reactions to this topic appeared, apparently, long before journalists began to refer to the work, so for the time being, the hypothesis is treated very cautiously. Kondrak himself told the Canadian press that the experts on the Voynich manuscript received his work coolly, and noted that, in his opinion, these experts "are unfriendly towards such research, perhaps they are afraid that computers will replace them." At the same time, he agrees that one cannot do without a person: only a living scientist can understand the syntax and meaning of words so far.

Olga Dobrovidova

Today there will be provocative letters from Matsura Nadezhda Ivanovna, 53 years old. The spelling is preserved, the translation sequence may not have been preserved, because There were many letters, and it is difficult for me to understand the meaning of "what comes after what."

Voynich Manuscript - mysterious book written about 500 years ago by unknown author in an unknown language using an unknown alphabet.

Many attempts have been made to decipher the Voynich manuscript, but so far without any success. The only one important conclusion, which was made by experts - the text is written in an artificial language that has a clear logical structure. It has become the "Holy Grail" of cryptography, but it is entirely possible that the manuscript is only a hoax, an incoherent collection of characters.

What I am writing about is written in the Voynich manuscript and in circles. The earth taught me to read ancient manuscripts. But the Earth has "a few hours" left. No need to ask the scientists, their opinion is not connected with the translation. Yes and with common sense(approx. Dmitry).

The manuscript was written not in letters, but in signs. If a child of 6 years old wrote. He does not yet know the letters, but he has a concept of them. There was no written language in that area. China stopped at this level of development: 3-4 years. They know how to “carry” paper with a pen, but they don’t get letters. The hand falls more easily from top to bottom than it goes from left to right. Such children are not even given a fork, they do not reach the table and eat on the floor.

Are you asking how I translated the manuscript? Maybe you already guessed it yourself? Planets from the Sun to Pluto-11. The souls of dead people go to the center of the Earth and there they are. There - "planet" -12. In the bible it goes as "the island of Patmos". I am planet 13. A cat knows about cat life because she is a cat. A dog knows a dog's life. I know the life of the gods. I am the daughter of the planet Earth, I have been taught the laws of life all my life. I showed up at the very last moment before the death of mankind. You can not believe me, you can think whatever you like about me - this will not affect the development of the laws of the Earth.

Signs in the manuscript:

• "O" or "OO" - the birth rate is higher than the death rate.
• The letter "F" with two sticks - the birth rate is equal to the death rate
• "OO9" - the birth rate is lower than the death rate. The manuscript was written under the sign "OO9".
• "8" is the number of Saturn, but Saturn, with the increased influence of Jupiter, already gives diseases of the musculoskeletal system.
• "4" - Moon. Under Saturn - fairy tales to Pushkin, under Jupiter - heart disease vascular system. The moon draws on itself the energy of life from people and from the Earth.
• "9" is the planet Uranus. Freaks began to appear, (small deviations in the structure of the body). Now we have these deviations are considered the norm. For example: a hooked nose. The information is ugly - wrong. In man. all the mistakes of mankind that led people to death are described. Now people do not see VERY prominent.

Translation of the Voynich manuscript

At the very beginning, the Earth was flat as a disk and it was inhabited by very big people, height 6-10 m, there are no wars and diseases, they did not talk - they had telepathy, these people were called gods. They had great strength, lived on the territory of modern North. Africa. It was they who built the pyramids, and later Chinese wall, all buildings made of heavy stones, all sorts of Buddhas, etc. They built pyramids like children play pyramids. Humanity has developed mentally in the same way as a newborn child. They were called ATLANTS and they had ATLANTIS. All the planets except the Earth made people. The earth wears people. Each planet has its own territory on Earth and its own people: Saturn-Sev. Africa, Israel, Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Georgia, Chechnya (you get the idea). Jupiter - Sev. America, Mars-South America, Earth-Russia, Moon-Baltic, Venus-the rest of Africa and Europe (Venus does the opposite), Mercury-Australia, Sun-China. Therefore, only Russian people can "treat" the Earth. We must not forget that there are wars, illnesses and deaths on Earth only because there are few Russian people. With the increase in the number of Russians, the entire population globe will live without wars and diseases, and in short - "in paradise". After ATLANTIS, people "grew up and went to school." The earth grew in size. Now is the period that is called old age and death. But The earth will go in a new circle, it will again become a disk. The recipe for immortality indicates what needs to be done to cure all diseases, what love and conscience are, and how to return them.

Everything goes in circles. The phrase "what is old, what is young." The life of planet Earth also goes in circles, the Earth has made its circle and now it has no choice but to turn to people for help. The Earth is a living and thinking being, and it has been asking for help for a long time. The earth is like a single-celled amoeba. The amoeba divides into two cells. The territory of Russia and the number of Russian people are responsible for the life of the Earth. The fewer Russian people, the greater and stronger the cataclysms will be, they will not bypass Russia either. All this is written in crop circles (the Earth itself writes the circles), in the Voynich manuscript, in the drawings in Egypt, on the Phaistos disc ... If everything continues to go on in Russia - the Earth will explode (divide), If the axis shifts as a result of cataclysms Earth a few more degrees - the Earth will be blown away (all the gas will come out) and it will become a flat disk, such as it was at the very beginning. But the Earth gives a third option: in order to leave the dimensions of the Earth the same, Russian people must know the "recipe for immortality" that the Earth gives. This recipe is knowledge about the laws of life on planet Earth, about which people have no idea.

Atlantis is led by Saturn - "God the Conqueror". He is responsible for healthy body, for construction, for exact sciences(maths). State borders in the North. Africa - straight lines. Pyramids were built by all people (about 40 people) from all planets, so they are all different. Saturn is a male, the head of a family in the solar system. This is the first half of the life of the Earth and mankind. In this half, people know about life in terms of energy or also called TIME.

Energy or time is the main over matter. "Being determines consciousness", where the word "consciousness" is the subject. Saturn gives vital information through all the planets: this isosceles triangle top up. And the other half is led by Jupiter.

Jupiter - God of the sky. Number 7. He says to himself "Seven I". This is a man, the brother of Saturn, but he plays a role and does the work of a woman in the family. A man who plays the role of a woman cannot do the job right. Jupiter gives the same information as Saturn, only absolutely opposite from the point of view of matter. "Being determines consciousness." Here already the word "Being" is the subject. All our stories catchphrases, proverbs, favorite sayings, sayings of philosophers, etc. - all this is translated oppositely in terms of time. Man himself cannot think of anything, he receives everything from the planets. Now we take black for white and vice versa, we destroy the good, and we cultivate and multiply the bad. The Earth's atmosphere flips information. The sign is a triangle with the apex down. The transition from Saturn to Jupiter goes through "O" - a period, it is called "stop in time". Under Saturn there is no writing, under Jupiter there is. The manuscript was written during the transitional period. Jupiter is responsible for conversation, writing: politicians, philosophers, journalists, religion, writers ... In general, paper.

Everything that is written in letters is from Jupiter. Jupiter is a woman. "Listen to a woman and do the opposite." Now humanity is degrading very quickly: Bukins, Univer, Boys, interns, all kinds of comedy clubs ...