It is surprising that the population of the present Ryazan province, located only 200 versts from Moscow, has still retained sharp features in dialect, customs, clothing and way of life, unlike the neighboring provinces, which have completely merged into one whole with the Muscovites. In the songs of the Ryazans, in some customs, and especially in the surnames, there is a surprising resemblance to the Donets and Grebenets. This circumstance is all the more striking because between Ryazan and the Don, not to mention the Caucasus, there are two whole provinces, the population of which, according to the signs given, has nothing in common with the Cossacks. It means that ancient population Ryazan mainly consisted of Cossacks, later known as the Ryazan.
The Ryazan and Meshchera Cossacks had their own dialect, which was not characteristic of the dialect of the inhabitants of any of the provinces. The current Don Cossack dialects are a living vernacular Cossacks living on the territory of two neighboring regions - Rostov and Volgograd.
Remarkably, Don dialects retain many dialect words already lost by other related dialects. So, the current Cossacks use words recorded in the Ryazan sources of the 17th-19th centuries, but not preserved in the modern Ryazan dialect. The Cossacks of the northern districts, or, as they were usually called on the Don, riding, spoke and speak differently than the Cossacks southern districts, or grassroots. Mounted Cossacks speak firmly, slowly and drawlingly, completely in Great Russian, with a large akan in the north, which weakens as one approaches the south. This dialect is most similar to the dialect of the inhabitants of the Ryazan province. Mounted Cossacks on the Don were called almost exclusively Cossacks of Khopersky, Ust-Medveditsky and partially Donetsk districts. Their dialect is distinguished by snoring, but it does not end here, but spreads, only with a weak snort, much further south and captures the Donetsk district, with the exception of the village of Luganskaya, in which the dialect is mixed with Little Russian, then the 2nd Don district. In two villages of the Salsky district - Velikoknyazheskaya and Atamanskaya - the dialect is mixed, that is, they spoke both in a riding and grassroots way, since there the villages were formed from Cossacks from different districts. From the end of the 15th century, a gradual resettlement began on the "Field", and then even further south. Cossacks from Ryazan, Meshchersky, etc. came here. The predominant element, obviously, was still the Southern Great Russians. They assimilated the language of the former settlers, giving them "akanye". The South Great Russian dialect arose in the Ryazan principality, where the first Cossacks appeared, guarding the borders of this territory (Great Free Ryazan principality, in those days it was the largest, and stretched from the Caspian Sea to Chernigov, bordering Kyiv) In pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary literature, echoes of the local South Great Russian dialects spoken by the Don Cossacks are noticeable. The massive influx of Southern Great Russians to the Don is a relatively late phenomenon, and refers to the second half of the 17th century. Don historian and writer Yevlampy Katelnikov on the issue of language and origin Don Cossacks believed that “Donets-Verkhovtsy can be recognized in origin from that part of Russia where they use the words: into, faq, yavo, ishsho and the like instead of: what, what, him, more” (that is, from the Ryazan region). There is a fairly well-researched Ryazan dialect Great Russian language, the distribution area of \u200b\u200bwhich basically coincides with the borders of the former Grand Duchy of Ryazan. But here's what's interesting. Many dialectisms that have already fallen out of use in their historical homeland, continue to live in colloquial speech Don Cossacks. In the preface to the “Dictionary of Don dialects” published in Rostov-on-Don in 1991, it is noted that “Don dialects retain many mother dialect words that have already been lost by mother dialects, but are known from documents - Ryazan, Voronezh, Tula”. In this regard, let us recall that both Voronezh and a significant part of the Tula land long time were part of the Ryazan Grand Duchy, and then - in the Ryazan district of the Moscow state. Mounted Cossacks, having lived among the Russians, came to the Don with pure Russian. They brought in their speech the dialects of those areas where they had previously lived. The places of their previous stay were also reflected in personal nicknames: Meshcheryak, Ryazanets, etc. There were such surnames as the Meshcheryakovs. With them, some service concepts appeared on the Don, including the term “village” became widespread and over time, not only communities, but also the very settlements in which the villages were located began to be called villages. The researcher of the life and language of the Don Cossacks A.V. Mirtov noticed that the life and language of the Don Cossacks, especially horsemen, experienced strong influence Ryazanians - people from Meshchera places. He believes that first of all, all types and names of clothing, food, utensils, that is, everyday language, “dressed up”. The Ryazan and Meshchera Cossacks, in their manners and customs, were in many ways similar to the Great Russians. For example, the dialect of the village of Kumylzhenskaya on the river. Khoper resembles the dialect of the Shatsk district of the Ryazan province. many rites local residents testify to this. From the legends preserved there, it is known that in mid-seventeenth centuries, the ancestor of the present Frolovs, Daniil Gladky, sailed on a raft from Ryazan and became a citizen of this village. Then he had a grandson Fyodor Gladky. Of the children of Frol, some began to be called Frolovs. From the military letter dated March 17, 1752, it can be seen that the retired Cossack Afanasyev of the Kumylzhenskaya village was sent to the Tambov (Ryazan province) provincial office "to take and bring a reliable certificate in the dacha to him for what was recovered from him for what was recovered from him for the removal of his wife Irina by decree of withdrawal money 10 rubles of the withdrawal letter.
Valery Rozanov
doctor of psychology
When planning a trip to Russia, study this small phrase book- the subtleties of the translation "from Russian into Russian" in some areas of our Motherland can seriously puzzle you [infographic]
Photo: RUSSIAN LOOK
The richness of a language lies in its diversity. Russian in this regard is really "powerful". And if everyone has heard about the St. Petersburg "curb" and "front door", then the Permian "kerkat" and the Kirov "pazgat" really confuse visitors! For the sake of understanding, together with the regional editions of KP (from Krasnodar to Vladivostok), we conceived this Russian-Russian dictionary. In it you will find a "translation" of unusual local words in an understandable, literary language.
And if we undeservedly ignored some local words, we are waiting for them in the comments. So our phrasebook will become even more "alive" and useful for all Russians!
EXPERT COMMENT
Scientists believe that it is harmful and pointless to fight regional colloquial speech
Our regional correspondents have harvested a decent harvest unusual words. We asked Anatoly Baranov, Professor of the Department of Linguistic Semantics at the Institute of the Russian Language named after A.I. Vinogradova.
you are very different words collected. By the way, there are not so many dialecticisms. There is jargon, but mostly regionalisms. That is, various territorial variants of the Russian language (regionalisms are used by all residents of the region, in contrast to dialect words, which are more often used by the population countryside- auth). For example, in Siberia, instead of the word "attachment" they say "attachment". Or take "curb" - this is a word from the southern dialect, which ended up in St. Petersburg and is used in northern capital to mark the sidewalk. This is an example of how dialectal forms can be fixed as territorial forms. A travel card for the metro or any other type of transport in St. Petersburg was called a "card". This is also a specific thing characteristic of this area.
How did these words survive in conditions where educational institutions cinema, literature, in the media are cultivated uniform norms?
The fact is that the territory on which people who speak Russian live is very large. Although information and vehicles allow you to shorten the distance various areas, which are far from the center: Siberia, the Far East ... They were settled in different ways. In these territories different conditions social, cultural, natural and domestic character. And very often for these areas are used specific words. So there are territorial variants of the language.
- Is it necessary to deal with this matter somehow on the ground?
What are you, no way! Actually, this is impossible. Of course, there is a literary Russian language, but it is used in its own field. And the words in question are part of spoken language of your region. People clearly distinguish between these two spheres: "curb" no one in official speech will not use. Moreover, I and other researchers believe that regional differences concern not only vocabulary, but also syntactic constructions. But it is absolutely wrong to say that regionalism is a mutilation of the Russian language. On the contrary, it is the potential for its development. Because the language needs to have some sources, reserves from which words, constructions and morphemes can be drawn in order to reflect new phenomena and processes.
Altai region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Let's start with Altai Territory. Here (however, as in all of Siberia), the transparent file familiar to us is called ... "multiphora". This is probably from the Latin "Multifora", which translates as "having many holes." Or simply from the name of the company "Multifor", which actively promoted its products beyond the Urals. Be that as it may, do not be alarmed when you hear this unusual word.
But be scared if you are: a) a woman and b) you were called "pull out". So here they say only in relation to the pests. "Victoria" here and elsewhere Siberian cities all types of garden strawberries are called.
"Lyvoy" the locals call the puddle, "homonkom"- wallet, "pack"- slow person "hedgehogs"- meatballs, "crushed"- mashed potatoes, "shanezhki"- buns, "pims"- winter shoes "nearby"- area of the settlement.
If they ask you "What did you loosen up?", This means that they are accused of slowness. And here is a sonorous word "khius" here dubbed the piercing wind.
Bashkiria
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"Full aptragan!" - a colorful phrase that they like to use in Bashkria. "Aptragan"- here they say instead of the boring "nightmare", "kapets" and other synonyms known to everyone obscene word. It comes from the Bashkir verb "aptyrarga". It translates as "to be in difficulty, confusion, bewilderment."
Here you can be invited to "sabantuy". Actually, this is the name of the Bashkir and Tatar holiday of the plow, which ends all spring agricultural affairs. But at other times of the year - why good word wasting away? So they use "sabantuy" in the meaning of "assembly", "crowd".
In Bashkiria and Tatarstan, they also often use "let's go" meaning "come on, let's go." This is from the Turkic verb "to drive", "to urge", "to hurry".
Bryansk region
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The Bryansk region borders on two states - Ukraine and Belarus. That is why the local dialect is an "explosive" mixture of Russian, Ukrainian and Belarusian languages, generously seasoned with the professional jargon of ancient and current craftsmen.
Here, for example, the disorder is often called here "gain", sheep wool, from which felt boots are made ("felted") - "War", beets - "beetroot"(beetroot or beetroot this vegetable is called in many southern regions Russia, in Belarus, Poland and Ukraine), onions - "goatfish", moonshine - "gardeman", and borscht - and at all wrinkle.
"Mahotka"- this is a small clay jug in the Bryansk region, "skrygotnik"- train. The man here can be called "chuzom", village dweller - "jack". And if they want to offend, they will say "shmurak"(the same "fool"). If it is necessary to make peace, they can use the phrase "klopot". It's something like "well, okay!" And be careful, non-locals can be called here "suckers". You should not be offended ... Better learn these words - you will pass for your own!
Note that most of the words given are from the language of the Bryansk Shapovals.
Vladivostok
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Let's move on to the Far East. In Vladivostok, for example, they often go to "chifanki". These are Chinese eateries and cafes.
And the usual word for us "splice" used here in unusual values. You can splice jeans in the store ("get it, find it"). And you can not splice what we are talking about here (in the meaning of "understand").
Word "beacon" means "let you know". For example, you may be asked to "beacon" when you are free. And if they ask you "stuff" along the way the newspaper, then it is about buying. It's worse if they tell you not to "shuffle". This means that you are suspected of idleness. Or no "perform"(may mean "show off").
"Glasses" in Vladivostok they call hard-to-reach places, remote areas of the city, "shugan" - something terrible, "Zusman"- cold, "seagulls"- lovers of freebies, "nabkoy"- embankment.
Word "lantern" here it is used in the sense of "very simple", and "cleverly"- "funny, great." If you also like Vladivostok words, then the locals would shake you a crab ( "I press the crab" is "shake hands").
Volgograd region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
The Volgograd region is very rich in local buzzwords! And yes, they are funny. For example, many Volgograd residents (mostly elderly) call a dried pear ... "muzzles". Old-timers still often say: "Cut me a sausage carriage." Word "carriage" in this case means piece. And the early herring (spring) was disowned here "crease". And to finish the conversation about food, let's say about the word common in Volgograd "kaymak". It is not Volgograd, it came to these parts from the Caucasus, but it has taken root in the region. "Kaymak" is sour cream baked in the oven or oven.
And the back of the bed is called here "bedroom"! Volgograd residents can often recommend that you do not climb "in the bushes." Don't be scared. "Kushari" means bushes, dense thickets or dark scary place which is best avoided. That is, they wish you well, and not just scare you with strange words ...
Pure Volgograd word - "gap". That's what they call clumsy person who gets everything out of hand. And the bun into which women often collect their hair is called in Volgograd "cool". And in different areas they even stress differently: in the south they say kulya, but in northern regions this is cool.
Izhevsk
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
"Go here, go here"- so they can explain the way to Izhevsk. Calm! Everything is very simple to understand - you just need to remove the preposition "by". So you will get to the famous Monument of Friendship of Peoples.
Word "odnerka" in Izhevsk it is used in the meaning of "one", "unit". Initially, this was the name of the tram that runs along route No. 1. But then it stuck.
"Kaganka"("Kagonka") here they call a baby or baby. The word comes from the common people "kaga" (Permian) - a child, a baby.
funny word "kuteshata"("kutyata") here they call puppies. Most likely, it came from the word "curly".
No less funny "poppy" called babies or cute people. It's such a compliment. Another compliment - "chebery"(meaning - beautiful, wonderful, bright). And if you hear “let me love you!”, that's it - you won someone's heart. "Love"- hug, kiss, show affection.
And even small bottles with alcohol-containing liquid in Izhevsk were dubbed with a touching word "fufyrik"(usually they ask for a bottle of Hawthorn Tincture in a pharmacy).
Good luck here wish phrase "come on okay"(emphasis on the second syllable). This is something like "no fluff, no feather."
Another interesting point. In Izhevsk, instead of "why" the word "why" is used. In this case, the Udmurt language influenced Russian - in Udmurt, the words “why” and “why” are the same root, so it doesn’t matter which one to use. Therefore, do not be too surprised if you hear: “For some reason I didn’t recognize you on the street ...”
Irkutsk region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
In Irkutsk, unusual for residents European Russia a lot of words! Some of them are very old Turkic origin(here the situation is similar to Ufa and Kazan), because the first inhabitants of Siberia were Turkic-speaking peoples. Some remained from the first Russian settlers. Part from Buryat population. There are absolutely fresh options. For example, "auto winter road"(road for travel in winter), "Shanghai"- a market where the Chinese and Kyrgyz trade. And relatively recent, from the war - take at least the curse "Japanese god!" (used when something fails).
Here, as in Tatarstan, the word is in use "let's go" in the meaning of "let's go" (from the Turkic әydә). bad man in Irkutsk they can be called "stramina". If you make a noisy scandal, then you will be asked not to "burragozit". If you scream heart-rendingly - do not "baslat". But if they say: "Enough "spread" Well, that's kind of a compliment. So you work hard.
It's funny, but if you are invited to Irkutsk "tea", then do not think that you will simply be given tea at a party. No, "to tea" here means "to dine." And if they say that they will come to visit you “ordinary”, then you should not worry where to put your dear guest to sleep. "To go as usual" Means - not for long, for one day.
"Ass" here they call the outskirts. "Flock"- barn. "Verkhonka"- work glove "milestone"- washcloth. A simple head of cabbage wears in Irkutsk region proud name "forks".
If you are offered "poses" don't fantasize. This is just a dish of Buryat cuisine, vaguely reminiscent of dumplings. BUT "gorloder"- not a curse, but a hot sauce of tomatoes twisted with garlic.
Kirov region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
The Kirov region has long been famous for its marvelous Vyatka dialect. Here and the manner of pronouncing sounds, and placing stress in words - everything is different! And, of course, there are specific Vyatka words.
Among the most popular words in Vyatka are - "Basco", "Basque". It means beautiful, beautiful or good, good. In Kirov, an attractive girl hears admiration after: “What a Baska!” But if the young lady is windy, fickle, she will be called here with condemnation "pokey".
Word "puzzle"(emphasis on the second syllable) in Vyatka is used in relation to children who run quickly and without stopping, rush. "Sniff"- means to quickly eat something (has a condemning intonation). "Vengat"- this is whining, pestering, begging for something from adults. BUT "to get dirty"- show off while eating.
If the inhabitants of Vyatka want to scold you, but not much, they can say: “You are still that nail!”. The swearing here, of course, "nail"(stress on the first syllable).
Krasnodar region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Our linguistic journey through Russia led us to the warm and cozy Kuban.
"Blue"- so in the south they often call eggplants. The vegetable got its sonorous nickname simply because of its blue-violet color.
"Garbuz" the locals call the gourd. This is the Ukrainian version of the name of the fetus. They call it that in the Kuban, because the basis of many local dialects Ukrainian language. After all, many immigrants from Nezalezhnaya live in the region.
"Zherdela"- it's an apricot. This is the original Kuban name for this fruit. Formed from the words "pole", "pole". As a rule, small fruits hanging on long branches are called poles. BUT "apricot"- the same apricot, only with the peculiarities of local pronunciation. According to the researchers, residents use the name of the fruit in the feminine gender for convenience. Thus, it is easier for them to divide the word into open syllables.
Krasnoyarsk region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
When going to Siberia, gentlemen, please note that it’s even indecent to say “what” here. Do you want to be recognized as your own? Choke! And if they don’t understand you, the opponent doesn’t agree or you don’t understand his logic, proudly “cut off” in response to the classic Siberian "what's what".
And if you want to give the story dynamics, use the expression - "toshi-boshi" and synonymous with it "pyrym-pyrym". That's just for a bunch of words.
As in many cities of Siberia, Krasnoyarsk residents use instead of "washcloths" "milestone". BUT "T-shirt" here is a small plastic bag, "shoulders"- clothes hanger, "flock"- barn, "short"- rub.
Russians, especially from St. Petersburg, are also embarrassed by one more local set expression "Loaf of bread" meaning "one loaf of bread". For Petersburgers, rolls are white bread.
By the way, Krasnoyarsk students and teachers call classes at the university "ribbons". Why not a couple? The linguists shrug. Moreover, in neighboring Khakassia they only speak "couple". And here's what else is curious, the "tape" is used in Ukraine, for example, in Dnepropetrovsk. There are other words that are common to Krasnoyarsk and Ukrainians. There is a popular assumption that vocabulary Siberians in the middle of the last century were replenished by graduates of Ukrainian universities who came to the Komsomol construction sites.
Nizhny Novgorod Region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
The original Nizhny Novgorod dialect can now be heard, perhaps, in villages and villages. But even those words in which the locals do not see anything special, visitors can be confused.
Here, for example, the phrase: "Tea, I'll have time." A guest from the capital will think that someone is simply in no hurry to drink tea. Meanwhile, the word "tea" in the meaning of “I hope, probably” has long become a litmus test - you hear it from a person and you understand that he is from the Lower. It came from the obsolete verb "to look forward to" - to hope, to expect.
Word "make" It has different meanings in different parts of our country. For example, in Veliky Novgorod, with which Nizhny is always confused, “to do” is used in the meaning of “spoil, soil”. And Nizhny Novgorod residents may well ask you to “make a TV”. That is, "arrange, adjust, fix."
Or here’s another phrase: “Imagine, Lead, they bought a sofa, but it won’t be removed!”. Any Muscovite will be speechless: what kind of miracle of technology is this - a sofa that puts things in order by itself. But any Nizhny Novgorod resident will explain to him that the point is not at all in the fantastic talents of local engineers, but in the fact that a huge sofa does not fit in a typical kitchen at 9 square meters. Here is the word "get out" used in the sense of "to fit into something."
And if you take to the streets Nizhny Novgorod with a saucepan on his head, then do not be surprised at the phrase "some kind of Lyakhovsky." The fact is, there is a village Lyakhovo. He became famous once a colony for the mentally ill. The colony gradually turned into the Nizhny Novgorod Regional Psychoneurological Hospital. And among the inhabitants of the Lower word "lyakhovsky" established as a synonym for clouding the mind.
Omsk region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Now, let's say you're in Omsk region. Arriving to look at the Assumption Cathedral, you will immediately be offended if you are asked: “What are you doing? From the first line, or what? because "from the first line" means "fool". The fact is that in Omsk on Kuibyshev Street (after it comes the 2nd Line, but there is no 1st Line) there is a regional psychiatric hospital.
But if you are offered to "scream", it is better to agree. "Scream"- Omsk synonym for the word "laugh". Such a local rethinking of the word is a mystery shrouded in darkness.
Meanwhile, any funny, funny moment, the phrase is called here "plum"(and sometimes also "crust"). With "plum" the situation is a little clearer. There is an opinion that in this sense the word came into use by Omsk people from warm regions, where “plum” is sometimes used in the meaning of “beautiful”.
Another interesting local word - "choice". So in Omsk they call any instant noodles. It's just that the Chinese-made Choice products were the first to enter the local market. This is how it got used...
Perm region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
In the harsh Urals strange words- cloud! There is even a whole dictionary "Speaking Permian". It contains almost three hundred words and expressions that distinguish Permians. We present only a few of them.
"arg" in Perm it means to quarrel, swear, scandal. "Baragozit"- to be naughty, to be naughty. "Varegoy" they call a mitten (somehow they have no tenderness ...) But they affectionately dubbed the chin - "pigs".
"burn"- is to mess around, to do something for a long time. word with a similar meaning "moh"- slow down. "Zyurgat"- Noisy sipping while eating or drinking. BUT "poking"- cough.
They say sorrel here "sour", a round bun with crushed potatoes was dubbed "shangoi", and pies with meat filling - "poikunchiki".
Interesting that the word "any" in Perm it is a synonym for “of course” (in the sense of approval and consent).
You can tense up if they call you "Dunka from Bakharevka". This expression is used to describe a strange, abnormal, exotic appearance ladies.
Pskov region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
If you go to the Pskov region, do not be alarmed when you hear the letter “c” instead of the usual “h” in familiar words. There was even such a proverb here: “from Opotsky there are three verstotskas and one jump in the barrel ...”. And here the influence of Belarusian, Latvian, Estonian languages is very strong. Why? Yes, because the Pskov region borders on these countries. The bag of Pskov is often called "sack", and a rooster "peun"- all these are words from the Belarusian language.
In the swamps they gather here "crane"- cranberries. The word, as strange as it may seem, comes from the already obsolete Estonian kuremari (in translation - “crane berry”).
And another berry of the Pskov forests is called "gonobobel" or "drunkard". It's about about blueberries. It is believed that she is called a “drunkard” because of the bogulnik, among which the berry is harvested. And the word "gonobobel" came from "gonobol" - the same bogulnik is capable of causing headaches and dizziness.
Pskov grandmothers knit for their grandchildren "Dyanki". That's what the mittens are called. This word comes from the verb "put on".
Samara Region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Every self-respecting Samaran every day utters a bunch of incomprehensible words not from this city. For example, "kurmish". It's a distant place, a slum. The word came from the name of the Volga Tatar town of the same name Kurmyshi, all the inhabitants of which in the 17th century were evicted by order of the tsar for eternal housing in Korsun, and the town was immediately empty and turned into an abandoned place.
Here you can also find the word "lytki" in relation to the calves of the legs. And "gomonok"- about the wallet. However, the word "homonok" can often be heard in Siberia as well. There is a version that it came from the "hub" - the sound that the wallet made when a change was carried in it.
St. Petersburg
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
About the peculiarities of the speech of Petersburgers, perhaps, everyone has heard enough. Therefore, here are just a few important clarifications. For example, here is the word "badlon"(boudlon and banlon are allowed). We will not torment you - these are just thin sweaters with a high neck. In Moscow they are often called turtlenecks. In the Soviet Union, the fashion for them came in the 60s. And the first in the USSR such sweaters were brought by Leningrad black marketeers. The labels then had the inscription "100% ban-lon" (banlon - the name of the material). By the 80s, "banlon" had changed to "badlon". Over time, proximity to the original source throughout the country lost its meaning and other names were used. But Petersburgers remained faithful to the original.
And now about "curb". Perhaps none of the Muscovites and Petersburgers will tell you exactly where the place between the two cities is located, where the curb (separating stone between the sidewalk and the roadway) turns into a curb. But the builders have an exact answer, how these words differ. Curb - if the stone is set with an edge and a step is formed. Border - if it is dug in with the side part up so that the step is not formed. There is no fundamental difference in the meaning of these words, but it was the curb that took root in St. Petersburg, but the Muscovites borrowed the French word.
Concerning front door. Recall that in tsarist times main entrance into the house was called the front staircase. Over time, the second word disappeared and just the front door remained. Petersburgers are sure that the word "entrance" is absolutely wrong. It is used, but indicates a place on the street through which you can drive up to the house. After all, the entrance is only outside - you can’t drive inside the house - neither by carriage, nor by car. And if you enter the houses in the historical center of St. Petersburg, you will immediately understand that these luxurious staircases simply cannot be called an entrance. These are the most front doors.
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
Let's move on to the mysterious Sakhalin. On the local language, naturally, was influenced by proximity to Asia.
For example, noodles on Sakhalin are called funny word "kuksa". This is a Korean dish, the Koreans themselves pronounce it as "kuksi". And the Far East adapted the word and now apply it to any instant noodles. So don’t roll your eyes too much if they ask you here in a friendly way: “Will you be Kuksu?”
One more word - "argamak". This is an ordinary snow scooter: skis, seat and steering wheel. Two people can fit on such a roller coaster. But it is worth considering that the engine is not provided in it, so you will have to drag the 7-kilogram sled back uphill.
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
One of the popular words in Tambov - "pantyhose". It means to fuss, to worry. Come it's old Russian word cuts ears. as well as its derivatives. Here, for example, you may be asked: “Why are you so tight?”. Or criticize: “Here is tights!”
also in Tambov region can the girl be called "kolchushka" if she is absent-minded, untidy or ill-mannered. Occasionally you can hear the word "teplyak". So they say about the warm wind.
Khabarovsk region
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
On the Far East you can often hear the word "chuni". These are boots without soles. They are usually used by hunters. Because they are warm, comfortable and silent when walking through the forest.
"Five Minute" in the Kharabovsk region, lightly salted caviar of pink salmon, chum salmon or sockeye salmon is called. It is done immediately after gutting the fish. Caviar is poured with cool salty water and in five minutes the delicacy is ready!
BUT "whack" here they speak the usual gadfly. They called him that because he chases cows and cattle in the summer: “whack got under the tail”!
"Chifanka" for locals, this is any eatery or cafe where you can have a quick bite to eat. Derived from Chinese word Chi Fan (eat).
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
In a harsh city, harsh words. For example, a mop is called here "Lazy". As you understand, certain conclusions are drawn in Chelyabinsk about the hostess, who washed the floor without bending down.
"Lorry" here they dubbed a one-room apartment, always with a kitchen and a bathroom. Chelyabinsk philologists have not been able to find out where such a word came from.
BUT "zelenka"- This is a document on the right to own property. The fact is that earlier this paper was only green, hence the word. By the way, now the document is printed on both yellow and pink paper, but the Urals still call it “green paper”.
Do not be surprised if the store offers you "humpback"(short for "city bun"). It's white bread certain form. Previously, this was not baked in the villages. The city bun was named after the place where it was brought from - from the city.
A photo: Anna LATUHOVA
"Give it up!"- they can ask you in Yaroslavl. Don't be afraid, no one is claiming you. Here this phrase is harmless. And it just means "get away, move away." So - better "surrender".
The locals also say "balloon" for a three liter bottle, "proranka"- on a loop in clothes, "mosly"- large bones "cold"- on boiled water, which is diluted with a hot drink.
Word "trouble" in Yaroslavl region used to mean confuse "to swindle"- take with dirty hands, get dirty, "swear"- cough, choke while eating.
You can laugh here "on a roll". It means loudly, uncontrollably, until you drop. And if you want to agree to some proposal, then use the phrase "duc-yes". Such a colorful synonym for the word "of course."
And what do you say? Leave your comments below the article. And we will gladly add to our vocabulary!
Ryazan were already in 1444, and the first Zaporizhzhya Sich was formed only in 1556!
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It is surprising that the population of the present Ryazan province, located only 200 versts from Moscow, has still retained sharp features in dialect, customs, clothing and way of life, unlike the neighboring provinces, which have completely merged into one whole with the Muscovites. In the songs of the Ryazans, in some customs, and especially in the surnames, there is a surprising resemblance to the Donets and Grebenets. This circumstance is all the more striking because between Ryazan and the Don, not to mention the Caucasus, there are two whole provinces, the population of which, according to the signs given, has nothing in common with the Cossacks. This means that the ancient population of Ryazan mainly consisted of Cossacks, later known as the Ryazan and Meshchersky. It was they who laid the foundation for all the Cossacks. only three hundred years later, in the process of settling the Ryazan Cossacks, other Cossacks began to appear. All of them one way or another brought with them to new places and a piece of their ancestral home - Ryazan, these are the names of Ryazan settlements, rivers, etc. and Don as well.
".. In 1444, the Tatar prince Mustafa came to Ryazan with an army. At first they accepted him with peace. In Moscow they found out about this and were indignant. Vasily the Dark sent his troops to Mustafa. They were joined by Ryazan Cossacks on skis. They were armed with spears, horns and sabers. Most of the enemy was killed in battle. Mustafa himself fell."
That is, the Ryazan Cossacks were already in 1444, and the first Zaporozhian Sich was formed only in 1556!
The Ryazan and Meshchera Cossacks had their own dialect, which was not characteristic of the dialect of the inhabitants of any of the provinces. The current Don Cossack dialects are the living folk speech of the Cossacks living in the territory of two neighboring regions - Rostov and Volgograd.
Remarkably, the Don dialects retain many dialect words that have already been lost by other related dialects. So, the current Cossacks use words recorded in Ryazan sources of the 17th-19th centuries. The Cossacks of the northern districts, or, as they were usually called on the Don, riding, spoke and speak differently than the Cossacks of the southern districts, or grassroots. Mounted Cossacks speak firmly, slowly and drawlingly, completely in Great Russian, with a large akan in the north, which weakens as one approaches the south. This dialect is most similar to the dialect of the inhabitants of the Ryazan province. Mounted Cossacks on the Don were called almost exclusively Cossacks of Khopersky, Ust-Medveditsky and partially Donetsk districts. Their dialect is distinguished by snoring, but it does not end here, but spreads, only with a weak snort, much further south and captures the Donetsk district, with the exception of the village of Luganskaya, in which the dialect is mixed with Little Russian, then the 2nd Don district. In two villages of the Salsky district - Velikoknyazheskaya and Atamanskaya - the dialect is mixed, that is, they spoke both in a riding and grassroots way, since there the villages were formed from Cossacks from different districts.
From the end of the 15th century, a gradual resettlement began on the "Field", and then even further south. Cossacks from Ryazan, Meshchersky, etc. came here. The predominant element, obviously, was still the Southern Great Russians. They assimilated the language of the former settlers, giving them the Ryazan "Akanye". The South Great Russian dialect arose in the Ryazan principality, where the first Cossacks appeared, guarding the borders of this territory (the Great Free Ryazan principality, at that time it was the largest, and stretched from the Caspian Sea to Chernigov, bordering Kyiv) In pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary literature echoes of the local South Great Russian dialects spoken by the Don Cossacks are noticeable.
The massive influx of Southern Great Russians to the Don is a relatively late phenomenon, and refers to the second half of the 17th century. The Don historian and writer Yevlampy Katelnikov, on the issue of the language and origin of the Don Cossacks, believed that “the Don Verkhovtsy can be recognized as originating from that part of Russia where they use the words: shto, chavo, yavo, ishsho and the like instead of: what, what , him, more ”(that is, from the Ryazan region). There is a fairly well-studied Ryazan dialect of the Great Russian language, the distribution area of \u200b\u200bwhich mainly coincides with the borders of the former Grand Duchy of Ryazan. But here's what's interesting. Many dialectisms that have already gone out of use in their historical homeland continue to live in the colloquial speech of the Don Cossacks. In the preface to the “Dictionary of Don dialects” published in Rostov-on-Don in 1991, it is noted that “Don dialects retain many mother dialect words that have already been lost by mother dialects, but are known from documents - Ryazan, Voronezh, Tula”. In this regard, let us recall that both Voronezh and Tula lands were part of the Ryazan Grand Duchy for a long time, and then - in the Ryazan district of the Moscow State. Mounted Cossacks, having lived among the Russians, came to the Don with pure Russian. They brought in their speech the dialects of those areas where they had previously lived. The places of their previous stay were also reflected in personal nicknames: Meshcheryak, Ryazanets, etc. There were such surnames as the Meshcheryakovs. With them, some service concepts appeared on the Don, including the term “village” became widespread and over time, not only communities, but also the very settlements in which the villages were located began to be called villages. The researcher of the life and language of the Don Cossacks A.V. Mirtov noticed that the life and language of the Don Cossacks, especially the riding ones, were strongly influenced by Ryazan people who came from Meshchera places. He believes that first of all, all types and names of clothing, food, utensils, that is, everyday language, “dressed up”. The Ryazan and Meshchera Cossacks, in their manners and customs, were in many ways similar to the Great Russians. For example, the dialect of the village of Kumylzhenskaya on the river. Khoper resembles the dialect of the Shatsk district of the Ryazan province. Many ceremonies of local residents testify to this. From the legends preserved there, it is known that in the middle of the 17th century, the ancestor of the present Frolovs, Daniil Gladky, sailed on a raft from Ryazan and became a citizen of this village. Then he had a grandson Fyodor Gladky. Of the children of Frol, some began to be called Frolovs. From the military letter dated March 17, 1752, it can be seen that the retired Cossack Afanasyev of the Kumylzhenskaya village was sent to the Tambov (Ryazan province) provincial office "to take and bring a reliable certificate in the dacha to him for what was recovered from him for what was recovered from him for the removal of his wife Irina by decree of withdrawal money 10 rubles of the withdrawal letter.
Valery Rozanov expert on the Cossacks of the Central Federal District
