Siberia. This is historical and geographical area within the Asian part of Russia, which was settled in the Stone Age. In terms of nature, Western Siberia and Eastern Siberia stand out. Eastern occupies the territory from the Yenisei to the ridges of the Pacific watershed. The climate is mostly severe, sharply continental.
Regions of Siberia
Siberian customs
Customs and traditions local population have their roots in cultural heritage ancient peoples inhabiting the territory of modern Baikal region in the past. Some of the customs are echoes of ancient shamanic and Buddhist rites. Among them, the developed obo cult, the cult of mountains, the worship of Eternal blue sky(Khuhe Munhe tengri). It is necessary to stop near the obo and respectfully present gifts to the spirits. If you do not stop at the obo and do not make a sacrifice, there will be no luck. According to the Buryats, each mountain and valley has its own spirit.
The Buryats have a custom to “splash” the spirits of the area. As a rule, before drinking alcohol, they drip a little on the table from a glass or with one finger, usually ring finger, lightly touch the alcohol and sprinkle it upwards. Accept the fact that in the most unexpected places during the trip you will have to stop and “splash” alcohol.
There are certain rules when visiting Buryat yurts. When entering a Buryat yurt, one should not step on the threshold of the yurt, it is considered impolite. Weapons and luggage, as a sign of their good intentions, must be left outside. You can not enter the yurt with any burden. The northern half of the yurt is considered more honorable; guests are received here. You can not sit arbitrarily without an invitation on the northern honorary side. The eastern half of the yurt (as a rule, to the right of the door, the entrance of the yurt is always facing south) is considered female, the left half is male. This division continues to this day.
The practice of hospitality. Bringing tea to the guest, the hostess, as a sign of respect, gives the bowl with both hands. The guest must also accept it with both hands - by this he shows respect for the house.
At tailagans or shamanistic ceremonies, one should not strive to touch shamanic clothes, a tambourine, and even more so to put on something from shamanic attributes in order to be photographed. There is a belief that some items, especially those associated with magic, carry a certain amount of power. It is strictly forbidden for an ordinary person to say aloud shamanic prayers (durdalga) for the sake of entertainment.
Siberian cuisine. A special local highlight is the low-salted Baikal omul, Siberian dumplings and Siberian meat are also widely known.
Book Atlas des Enfans: Liempire Rousse, Imprimé à luniversité Imperiale de Moscow, 1771.
Here I don't even know what to say. I have not found any other information about this city. I wonder where the authors got this fact from? On the other hand, the book was printed in the printing house of Moscow University. Dedicated to some kind of Kriegs commissar Glebov. Probably passed the censorship. So they didn't just write.
It turns out that the same book was published under a different title: Experience of Russian geography. Imperial Moscow University, 1771. And there it is dedicated to all the governors of the then Russia, according to the list. And each sent a copy to correct errors and inaccuracies
Opening cities is my specialty, heh!
That's not all. The city of Tyumen used to be called differently. Again, this is not written anywhere else.
Book: Abulgachi-Bayadur-Khan Genealogical story about the Tatars, translated into French from a handwritten Tatar book, the work of Abulgachi-Bayadur-khan, and supplemented by a great number of reliable and curious notes about the direct current state North Asia with the required geographic landmaps, and from French into Russian at the Academy of Sciences. Published at the end of the 18th century. And part of the map from there. And the city of Siberia is very clearly visible on it.
The first Siberian king had, according to the chroniclers of the 17th century, very interesting name- Ivan. Though there was Magmet's law. That's very interesting, what exactly is the law and not faith. This is not the first time I have come across this definition - the law. It is different from the concept of faith. And this is a completely different view of the events of that time.
Someone Genghis killed Ivan. Also Tatar. Miller, in his Description of the Siberian kingdom and all the cases that took place in it,: St. Petersburg: At Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1750. - Tatars are the first and most important people of Siberia.
In addition to them, on the Irtysh River, as follows from the text, the Chud people live.
The city of Siberia was founded by King Mamet somewhere at the end of the 15th century, judging by the text. And the kingdom of Siberia for many years was part of the kingdom of Kazan.
By the way, a very interesting point. Ivan the Terrible became the first tsar in Russia, and before that we had only princes. But the Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan and Crimean rulers were originally called kings. Why so, it is not clear. There was something, which we now don’t even know about, that put these lands and their rulers higher than the Russian principalities in the then table of ranks. Yes that Kazan and Siberia. There was the Kasimov kingdom, right next to Moscow. And there was a king and not a prince.
At the end of the text, an interesting fact is that the names of the sons of Kuchum do not coincide with the names recorded in our current history. I already wrote about the Siberian princes.
And now, if you re-read the entire text and estimate how much time has passed from Genghis to Kuchum, it turns out that it is not much. Years 100-150.
And finally. The then historian does not make any connection between Genghis and the Tatars, with whom Russia was constantly at war. And this is actually correct. I'll write about it anyway.
Novosibirsk is the third in Russia
There are many settlements - cities, towns and villages in the Russian Trans-Urals, and the largest city is the capital of Siberia. Novosibirsk ranks third in Russia in terms of population after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to 2009 data, 1.397 million people are registered in Novosibirsk. April 30, 1893 is considered to be the birthday of the city, but, despite its youth, it is impossible to talk about Novosibirsk without using the word “most”. Firstly, the city is located on the banks of the longest river in Russia - the Ob. The length of the Ob with its main tributary, the Irtysh, is 5,410 km.
Secondly, the city has the largest opera and ballet theater in Russia, in terms of area, which is calling card Novosibirsk. The theater building is an example of modernist architecture of the late 1920s. During the construction of the theater, many unique design solutions were applied, for example, the structure of the theater dome. The dome was designed by B.F. Mater and P.L. Pasternak, the diameter of the dome is 60 meters with a thickness of only 8 centimeters - this is the largest dome of this design in the world.
Theatre, Trans-Siberian Railway
In May 1931, the laying of the building was carried out. And already on August 1, 1941, the official opening of the theater was planned. But the war made its own adjustments, and the opening of the theater took place on May 12, 1945. During the war, the evacuated exhibits from the museums of Moscow and Leningrad were kept in the building of the future theater.
The beginning of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway (1891) gave impetus to the development of the city's industry. Before the October Revolution of 1917, Novosibirsk (until 1925 - Novonikolaevsk) was a commercial and industrial center Western Siberia. The leading industry in those years was the flour milling industry.
Novosibirsk factories
The largest plant "Trud", founded in 1904, produced spare parts for the mechanisms of mills, oil refineries and agricultural machinery. Before the war of 1941-1945, many industrial enterprises were built in Novosibirsk, among them a tin plant, Sibkombain, and a plant for boring machines. In 1936, an aircraft manufacturing plant was opened, which in 1939 was named after Valery Pavlovich Chkalov.
The second powerful impetus to the development of industry was given by the Great Patriotic War. Many enterprises from Leningrad and other cities of the USSR were evacuated to the largest city in Siberia, due to this, production for the front increased by 8 times: only Yak fighters for the front were produced up to 33 aircraft per day.
Modern Novosibirsk
In modern Novosibirsk, there are 214 enterprises that produce 2/3 of the volume of all products of the Novosibirsk region. The leading industries of the city include mechanical engineering, metallurgy, energy, chemical, light and food industry. In 1985, the first metro stations were opened in Novosibirsk. This is the very first metro beyond the Urals with the world's longest covered metro bridge.
The city grew and developed rapidly, in just a few decades a small town with a population of 100 thousand people became a millionaire city. Only Chicago can boast of such growth rates. Novosibirsk (Novonikolaevsk) was the center of the Russian Empire. In this place, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, a chapel was built in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, designed by the famous architect A.D. Kryachkov.
The chapel is a symbol of Novosibirsk
The project of the chapel was made in the style of Novgorod-Pskov architecture of the XII-XIV centuries. In 1933, by order of the city council, "taking into account the wishes of the working masses and taking into account the improvement of the city," the chapel was destroyed. By the 100th anniversary of the city, in 1993, the Nikolskaya chapel was re-erected. The project of the new chapel was carried out by the architect P.A. Chernobrovtsev.
Novosibirsk has also become world famous thanks to its unique zoo, which occupies one of the leading places in the world in the conservation of rare species of animals.
The largest city in Siberia continues to grow and develop actively. Much attention is paid not only to the construction of new modern buildings but also the preservation of historical architectural heritage.
Basic moments
The harsh climate makes the Siberian region unattractive for mass settlement. For the most part, these are uninhabited lands where civilization has not been able to curb wildlife. Only 36 million Russians live here, with an average population density of less than three people per square kilometer. Meanwhile, 20 Siberian cities have a population of more than 200,000, and Krasnoyarsk, Omsk and Novosibirsk are millionaire cities.
Siberia is one of those places on the planet that excite the imagination. Many wonderful writers and travelers who have been here have left fascinating descriptions of this region to the world. Among them are the medieval merchant, the Venetian Marco Polo, the Norwegian polar explorer Fridtjof Nansen. The Briton Daniel Defoe sent Robinson Crusoe to Siberia in one of his books, and the famous French writer Jules Verne wrote an adventure novel in which the action takes place in these northern regions of Russia.
The perfection of nature, the rich recreational, cultural and historical potential of Siberia, the colossal scientific and industrial resource- all this contributes to the growth of the attractiveness of the region for business and tourism. Tourists who have been here will retain vivid and diverse impressions forever, because the choice of tours to Siberia is great - from a comfortable stay in health resorts to thermal waters to extreme travels through unknown mysterious places, conquering mountain peaks, risky rafting on mountain rivers. All year round, travelers fill the ski resorts and tourist bases scattered in the most beautiful corners of Siberia, roam the best nature reserves in Russia, fish, hunt, go on cruises on comfortable motor ships along the most beautiful rivers of the world.
History of Siberia
According to one version, the name of the region comes from the consonant word of one of Turkic languages meaning "blizzard". Other researchers believe that the name ancient ruler Turks of Shibir Khan. Historians also found out that once in the Irtysh region there was a powerful Ugric tribe, whose self-name was consonant with the word "Siberia".
The settlement of Siberia began more than half a million years ago. Stone tools discovered by archaeologists at the oldest site of primitive people in the Altai region are at least 600 thousand years old. Here, in the valley of the Anui River, there is the famous cave Neolithic site Ayu-Tash (Denisova Cave), which has become a popular tourist attraction.
In the II millennium BC. e. Siberia has already been inhabited by various tribes from the Urals to Chukotka. Around the ninth century BC. e. powerful tribal unions of the Huns, Scythians, Sarmatians began to take shape here. Their original cultures are known from artifacts found in burial mounds of that time.
In the XIII century, a significant part of Siberia was captured by the Mongol-Tatar rulers of the Golden Horde. Later, independent khanates arose here. Starting from the 15th century, the struggle for the possession of the northern territories entered Muscovy. AT last quarter In the 15th century, Moscow governors Gavrila Nelidov and Fedor Motley conquered the vast Perm Territory. Then Grand Duke Ivan III sent troops beyond the Urals. The Moscow army conquered the Yugra and Vogul principalities, seized territories up to the Irtysh River. In the middle of the next century, the huge Siberian Khanate (part of the territory of the Golden Horde) submitted to the Moscow Tsar Ivan the Terrible, and when the Siberian Khan Kuchum stopped paying yasak (tribute), a Cossack squad led by Yermak headed to Siberia. The Khan's army was defeated, and the territory was annexed to the Muscovite state.
By the beginning of the 17th century, Tobolsk, Tyumen, Surgut and other cities were founded in Siberia. Further, the Moscow detachments moved to the Ob, Yenisei, reached the rivers Indigirka, Kolyma, Lena, the shores of the Sea of \u200b\u200bOkhotsk, conquered the local peoples and founded Yakutsk, Okhotsk, Irkutsk. By the middle of the century, Ataman Khabarov reached the Amur and reached the borders of China.
Under Tsar Peter I, Buryatia was conquered in 1703, and thousands of Russian settlers went to the development of Southern Siberia. Lively trade with China required the construction of the Siberian Highway. This road stretched for more than 8 thousand miles from Moscow to the Amur through Kazan, Tyumen, Tobolsk, Irkutsk and Nerchinsk. The eastern section of the tract is also known as the "Tea Road".
From 1763 to 1771, exclusively for circulation in the Siberian region, special "Siberian" money was minted. These coins, in denominations from half a penny to 10 kopecks, were issued by Kolyvansky mint. Now Siberian coins are a numismatic rarity.
In the 20s XIX years century Siberia was divided administratively into two large general-governorships - West Siberian and East Siberian. Their main cities were Tobolsk and Irkutsk, respectively. By this time, the mining industry had developed in Siberia, ores, copper, gold, semi-precious and ornamental stones were mined here. Timber was exported from here, the best wood went to the shipyards of the empire.
On the turn of XIX and XX centuries, the Trans-Siberian Railway was laid, connecting the Far East with the capital St. Petersburg and many cities of Russia.
During the Civil War Soviet power the Bolsheviks did not immediately establish in Siberia. The government of Tsar Admiral Alexander Kolchak acted here, the Far Eastern Republic. After the end of the war, the industrialization of the vast region began. The mining of high-quality coal was organized in the Kuznetsk basin, large steel mills and other industries appeared.
The tragic pages of the history of Siberia are associated with the organization in this harsh region of a whole network of Stalinist concentration camps, where hundreds of thousands of repressed citizens of the USSR were sent.
In the 60-80s of the last century, powerful hydroelectric dams were erected on large Siberian rivers, the Baikal-Amur Mainline was laid, which gave a new impetus to the development of urban planning, the economy and culture of Siberia.
Geography and climate
This colossal territory is usually divided into two major region: Western and Eastern Siberia. According to modern administrative division Russian Federation, Siberia is divided into regions, districts, territories, autonomous republics.
Geologists and geographers distinguish such zones of this part of Russia as the West Siberian Plain and the Central Siberian mountain plateau, stretching from the Ural and Altai mountains to the Pacific Ocean. The flat landscapes in the south are characterized by steppe and forest-steppe; in the north, taiga, tundra, mosses and lichens on permafrost predominate.
The Siberian mountains often reach three kilometers in height. The lower parts of the slopes are overgrown with mountain taiga, and high-mountain tundra extends higher. The largest rivers are the Yenisei, the Angara, the Lena, the Amur. The longest river system form the Ob and Irtysh (5410 km). Its origins are identified in the mountainous region on the border of Mongolia and China, and the mouth - on the coast. Kara Sea.
Nowadays, Russians under the name "Siberia" mean the territory that is part of the Siberian Federal District, but at the beginning of the last century, Siberia was also called the north-east of Kazakhstan, and most of the regions of Russia that are today part of the Far Eastern Federal District.
Climatologists define two main climatic zones Siberia: temperate in the south and subarctic in the north. general characteristics climate - sharply continental, severe. The average July temperature in the south reaches +23 °С, in the north - about +5 °С. The average thermometer in January - in the south: -16 °С, in the north: up to -48 °С.
The weather conditions in Siberia are so diverse that each region has its own temperature records and options for the best time of year to travel.
Western Siberia
Western Siberia stretches from the Ural Mountains to the foothills of Altai, Salair, Kuznetsk Alatau, Mountain Shoria and the mouth of the Yenisei, 80% of its territory is occupied by the West Siberian Plain. Numerous rivers of Western Siberia belong to the Kara Sea basin. The largest water arteries are the Ob and Irtysh. There are five natural zones on this grandiose territory: steppe, forest-steppe, forests, forest-tundra and tundra.
Tyumen region
This land, in the bowels of which huge reserves of oil and gas are stored, occupying about 60% of the entire Western Siberia, is spread in the basins of the Irtysh and Ob. Tourists are attracted here by numerous nature reserves, national parks, historical and cultural monuments. Pilgrims go to churches and monasteries, many of which are iconic shrines of Orthodoxy.
The administrative center of the region, Tyumen, traces its history back to late XVI century and is one of the first Russian cities built on this harsh earth. The oldest in Siberia are located in Tyumen Orthodox churches, architectural historical sights, interesting museums.
Tobolsk, founded a little later than Tyumen, long time had the status of the capital of Siberia. The city is famous for its ancient Kremlin, ancient carved wooden towers, picturesque cobbled streets leading to parks and gardens, founded in the century before last. A curious attraction of Tobolsk is a museum-reserve located on the territory prison castle, built in the middle of the 19th century and known as the Tobolsk Central. From here, the convicts were sent to hard labor or a settlement in even more remote regions of boundless Siberia. Not far from Tobolsk, in the tiny ancient village of Abalak, there is the famous Abalak Monastery.
Among other ancient cities of the Tyumen region are Surgut, Yalutorovsk, Ishim, Zavodoukovsk, and the cities of Nizhnevartovsk, Novy Urengoy, Nadym, Noyabrsk have long been known throughout the world as the world's largest centers of oil and gas production. These lands are famous for their healing geothermal springs, reservoirs with therapeutic mud, near which are located balneological and resort centers.
Resting here, do not miss the opportunity to visit the moose farm and recreation center in Turnaevo (Niznetavdinsky district). Here you will have a rare opportunity to admire the powerful elk with their luxurious horns up close, feed the animals from your hand. In Turnaevo you can go fishing with taste, explore the picturesque surroundings on horseback, have a fun ride on a cart drawn by huskies and malamutes, learn how to drive sleds.
Fans of hunting and fishing can head to the Tugun reserve, which is 160 km from Tyumen. Here, among the taiga wilds, lakes, streams, well-equipped guest houses are hiding. The hunting farm has its own pheasantry, where, for the sake of hunters, royal birds are bred, famous for their luxurious plumage and delicious meat.
There are excellent places for skiing in the Tyumen region. One of the most popular modern ski resort"Stone Cape", located between Surgut and Nefteyugansk. Very close to Tobolsk is the Alemasov ski resort, 30 kilometers from Tyumen is the Kuliga Park ski center.
Omsk region
Omsk borders with the Tyumen region. Its administrative center is the city of Omsk, located at the confluence of the Irtysh and Om rivers. Founded in the 18th century, today Omsk is a large city known as one of the museum and theater centers of Siberia. Its main historical attraction is the Holy Dormition Cathedral – significant monument Russian architecture. In the years civil war when Omsk was the capital whiteguard movement, Assumption Cathedral had the status of the main temple of the ascetics of the old regime.
Second largest city Omsk region, Tara, is known as one of the first Russian settlements in Siberia. Initially, the village was a fortress, but soon became a place of exile for the guilty peasants, townspeople, and archers. Then the Decembrists, raznochintsev revolutionaries, populists were sent here. It is interesting to see the historical quarters here, where two-story wooden and stone houses of wealthy townspeople of the 19th century have been preserved, when Tara was a typical Siberian merchant city.
The landscape of the Omsk region is flat, the steppes in the south, closer to the north, turn into forest-steppes, then forests stretch, and behind them - swampy taiga. This land is home to botanical, zoological, complex reserves, nature Park, the only rural zoo in the world. There are more than 130 hunting farms in the region, here in different time years come to hunt bear, wild boar, elk, fur-bearing animal, waterfowl.
There are about 16,000 lakes in these parts. The most famous are the salty relict reservoirs of Uldzhai and Ebeity with deposits of sulfate mud, the fresh lakes of Saltaim, Tenis, and Ik, where the northernmost pelican colony on the planet is located. The “Five Lakes” area is also popular with tourists - here, near the reservoirs with the purest water, recreation centers are located.
There are more than 4,000 large and small rivers in the Omsk region. Om, Tara, the taiga river Shish are famous among lovers of rafting, and lovers of comfortable water travel are attracted by cruises on a motor ship along the Irtysh.
Kurgan region
AT Kurgan region beyond the Ural ranges the plain begins. This area, rich in minerals, in particular uranium, is incredibly picturesque. Thousands of lakes give it a unique look, the water in many of them is healing. The best health resorts of Western Siberia are located here. Rest on the Bear Lake is especially popular. In terms of its medicinal properties, the water in it is not inferior to the waters of the Dead seas. It is so salty that neither fish nor algae live here. Famous for their therapeutic mud lakes Gorkoe-Zvrinogolovskoe, Gorkoe-Uzkovo, Gorkoe-Victoria.
Many monuments of temple architecture and holy monasteries have been preserved in the Kurgan region. Among them are the Dalmatovsky Holy Assumption Monastery, founded in 1644, the Holy Kazan Chimeevsky Monastery, the Transfiguration Cathedral - a masterpiece of the "Siberian Baroque", the Alexander Nevsky Cathedral (late 19th century), located in the main city of the region - Kurgan .
Ecotourism enthusiasts are happy to spend time in the Belozersky natural zoological reserve with its famous ecological trail, which includes 26 demonstration objects. A very curious man-made natural landmark is a forest in the Zverinogolovsky district, planted in the form of a colossal inscription “Lenin is 100 years old”. The inscription, which can be seen from Earth's orbit, is made from 40,000 pine trees.
Kemerovo region
Russians prefer to call the Kemerovo region briefly - Kuzbass. This name is similar trademark: it can be seen in the names of cafes, restaurants, hotels, sports teams. Kuzbass, where three-quarters of all Russian coal is mined, is the most densely populated region of Western Siberia. But not only coal mines and metallurgical plants determine the appearance of this region. Far away from industrial centers there are protected lands with untouched nature, where about two dozen nature reserves are under state protection, as well as the famous reserve Kuznetsk Alatau.
The most popular corner of the Kemerovo region among travelers is Gornaya Shoria, located in its southern part in the middle of the rocky taiga. Tourists are attracted by ski resorts and the beauty of the Shor National Park. Tens of thousands of guests annually visit the mountain resort of Sheregesh, famous for its peaks Mustag, Zelenaya, Utuya and Kurgan, at the foot of which there are camp sites and separate cozy guest houses. In winter, people go skiing here, and in summer they go boating on mountain rivers, make hiking and horseback riding.
The largest cities of the region are the administrative center of Kemerovo, Novokuznetsk, Yurga, and the most ancient, dating back to the 17th century, are Mariinsk and Salair. Near the latter is a holy place - the source of John the Baptist. In the font, equipped with him, even in severe frosts, water never freezes.
40 km north of Kemerovo, near the river Tom, there is a famous museum-reserve "Tomskaya pisanitsa". On its territory you can see the rock paintings made by the inhabitants of the Tomsk region, who lived here in prehistoric times.
The Kemerovo region also has its own "sea" - this is how the locals call the Belovskoye reservoir. Carp, carp, silver carp, sturgeon are bred in this reservoir.
Tomsk region
Two-thirds of the Tomsk region is occupied by taiga forests, the rest of the territory is swampy. It is here that one of the largest swamps on the planet, the Vasyugan swamp, is located.
Another miracle of the nature of this region is the Talovskie bowls - original natural vessels made of limestone and burnesite. They are filled with water, rich in salts and minerals, curing many diseases. Talovsky bowls are located 50 km from Tomsk, the main city of the region, founded in 1604 and famous for its monuments of wooden architecture.
On the right bank of the Ob, in the village of Mogochino, at the end of the last century, the St. Nicholas Convent was built. It was erected at the expense of devout benefactors who decided to build a monastery in the ancient Siberian village. Today, another community has settled near the monastery; volunteer monks live here. These not so long ago deaf places have become a famous pilgrimage center throughout Siberia.
Novosibirsk region
Novosibirsk region occupies southeastern part West Siberian Plain. Its administrative center, the one and a half million city of Novosibirsk, located in the Ob River valley, is known as the cultural, business, industrial and scientific center of Siberia, often referred to as the third capital of Russia. On the territory of Academgorodok there are many scientific institutes known throughout the world. There are many museums in the city, and the local Opera theatre- the largest in Russia. There are few large cities in the Novosibirsk region, but there are plenty of villages, towns and natural attractions.
Traveling along this region, visit the huge karst Barsukovskaya cave, touching the walls of which, according to legend, returns a person vitality. Another cult place is Lake Karachi, located in the Chanovsky district, fed by a bitter-salty healing spring. According to local legend, after one of the battles, Genghis Khan himself healed his wounds in it. Today, a resort of federal significance is equipped here, and more recently, a water entertainment center with a 25-meter swimming pool, water attractions, waterfalls, Russian and Turkish baths, and a Finnish sauna was opened at the Lake Karachi sanatorium.
The most beautiful natural monument of the Novosibirsk region are the Berdsky rocks, located in the Iskitimsky district. locals These rocks have long been called St. John's wort, due to the fact that in summer their slopes are covered with a luxurious carpet woven from thickets of this healing herb.
Not far from the city of Barabinsk there are two large lakes - Chany and Sartlan, chosen by fans of summer and winter fishing. The city itself, in which the fish factory operates, is just a Klondike for fish lovers. Carp, asp, peled, carp are sold here everywhere in a fresh, chilled, smoked, salted form for quite a reasonable price.
Fans of skiing and snowboarding are well aware of the surroundings of Novosibirsk, where ski slopes are equipped, sports and recreation complexes, and a snowboard park are equipped. The best ski resort - Novososedovo - is located 140 km from Novosibirsk, near the city of the same name.
Altai Republic
The Republic of Altai, which occupies part of the majestic Altai Mountains, is one of the largest tourist regions in Russia. This land still keeps the memory of the peoples who inhabited it: the Scythians, Dinlins, Huns, Turks, Uighurs, Mongols, who formed the local original culture. Everything here breathes patriarchy. Local residents are engaged in breeding horses, deer, closer to Kazakhstan - camels, and there is only one city here - the capital of the Republic of Gorno-Altaisk, or Gorny, as it is often called. It is located in a picturesque intermountain basin, away from the Chuguysky tract - the main transport artery of Altai.
The unique nature of "Russian Tibet", as Altai is often called, breathes with a special energy, and has long become a place of pilgrimage for seekers of "places of power", adherents of secret wisdom, and ufologists. The popularization of this region was greatly facilitated by Nicholas Roerich, who organized the Great Central Asian Expedition in the 1920s in search of the mythical land of Shambhala. Until now, his followers set off on a journey "through Roerich's places" and, of course, visit the Roerich Museum, equipped in the ancient village of Verkh-Uimon.
On this land there is also the sacred mountain Belukha, the highest in Siberia (4509 m), soaring up to the clouds, revered by the indigenous people as creature. Belukha is a center of attraction for climbers, photographers, seekers of miracles.
The steep snow-covered slopes of the Altai Mountains have long been known to fans of winter sports - from amateurs to professionals. The most popular trails for skiers and snowboarders are located on the Seminsky Pass, on Mount Tugaya.
Beautiful places are located in the vicinity of Lake Manzherok, surrounded by forested mountains Sinyukha and Malaya Sinyukha. The lake is located near the village of the same name, near it flows the main river of Altai - Katun, famous among lovers of rafting and other types of sports. water sports with their risky thresholds. On the left bank of the river, 7 km from the village, there is the Turquoise Katun beach and entertainment complex, where a water park, the first in the Altai region, was recently equipped. The famous natural attractions of this corner of Altai are the Kamyshlinsky waterfall and the Tavdinsky caves.
On the right bank of the Katun, in its lower reaches, between the villages of Souzga and Chemal, there are camp sites, campsites, sanatoriums, and hotels. From here, hiking, cycling, horse trails are laid to the most interesting and mysterious sights of this Siberian region.
Melting glaciers and mountain snow feed the Altai rivers with their numerous tributaries, and countless lakes. One of the most amazing reservoirs is Lake Teletskoye, which is a tectonic crack filled with the purest water with steep banks and charming bays. The Karakol lakes are good, located in an area where forests are gradually replaced by alpine meadows, the glacial Lake Akkem, the Shavlinsky lakes with their rocky, intricately outlined shores.
Ethnotours are also popular with travelers, including visits to the places of worship of the indigenous peoples of Altai. Such expeditions allow you to immerse yourself in the Altai culture, get acquainted with the ancient local customs and rituals, imbued with a shamanic worldview.
Altai region
The region borders on the Altai Republic, partially covering the Altai Mountains and the Sayan Mountains. Its administrative center is Barnaul, one of the largest in Siberia. The second most important city is Biysk. Both cities have a lot to see. There are interesting museums here, in the historical districts interesting monuments architecture and examples of Russian wooden architecture.
The Altai Territory is famous for its natural wonders, outstanding landscapes, caves, protected protected lands. You can hunt here only if you have a license. One of the most popular places among tourists is the Aya Natural Park, located in the picturesque valley of the Katun River. Its main attraction is the purest warm lake Aya, hidden among the green mountains. In summer, the water here warms up to +20 ° C, this is one of the few mountain lakes in Altai where you can swim. There is a beach on its shore, bike and boat rentals are available. The surroundings of the lake with their magnificent mountain landscapes, caves, pine forests deserved the fame of one of the most beautiful corners of Altai. A wonderful panorama of these places will open before you if you climb the Devil's Finger rock.
The Tigirek Nature Reserve, one of the youngest in Russia, is also located in the middle mountains - where the mountain slopes descend steeply to river valleys running through gorges and canyons. One of the rivers, the beautiful Inya, is well known to lovers of water rafting.
A unique natural and archaeological monument - Denisova Cave - is located above the bank of the Anui River. Judging by archaeological excavations, it served as a refuge for people and animals in prehistoric times. Recently, a sensational scientific discovery was made: deciphering the tissue genome of a fragment of a human bone found here allowed scientists to assert that 50,000 years ago the territory of Siberia was inhabited by people who were distant “relatives” of the Neanderthals. This ancient population was conditionally called "Denisovets", or "Altai man".
The main resort of the Altai Territory - Belokurikha - is located near the city of the same name. This area, which is called "Siberian Davos", is surrounded by hills covered with dense coniferous forests. The local air, saturated with the aromas of pine needles, flowers and herbs, has an amazing healing effect. Belokurikha is included in the register of unique resorts in Russia and boasts a decent tourist infrastructure.
Altai Territory is well known to amateurs gambling. Here, 230 km from Barnaul, there is a gambling zone "Siberian Coin" - the only complex in Siberia where gambling business is legally allowed.
Eastern Siberia
Eastern Siberia extends east of the Yenisei and is bounded in the east by mountains that form the watershed between the Pacific and Arctic oceans. In the depths of this land, most of all the reserves of coal and brown coal in Russia, ore, and gold are hidden. A huge part of its territory is occupied by taiga forests, and coniferous species growing here - larch, pine, cedar, spruce, fir - make up half of the country's forest resources.
Irkutsk region
Irkutsk region, which is invariably associated with the impenetrable taiga, majestic mountains, Decembrists, political prisoners, shock construction sites of the Soviet era, unofficially called the Baikal region. It is here that Baikal is located - the pride of Russia, the cleanest and deepest lake on Earth (1642 m). Its venerable age is determined at 30 million years. The original local residents of these places - Mongols and Buryats - call it Baigal Nuur.
Lake Baikal is called the sea for a reason. From a geological point of view, it is a narrow and long flooded rift valley, curved like a giant sickle from southwest to northeast for 636 km, and from coast to coast you need to swim about 70 km.
Many rivers flow into Baikal, but only one flows out of it - the Angara. The lake contains about a quarter of the purest fresh water present on the surface of the earth. Baikal is a unique nature reserve, and its animal diversity amazes many biologists. Some lake dwellers are endemic.
Irkutsk region only a third of the coastline of the lake-sea belongs, the rest is located on the territory of Buryatia. The shores of Irkutsk Baikal are steep, and the coast of Buryatia has sandy beaches. The water in Baikal, even in summer, never warms up above +18 °C.
Baikal routes, automobile and hiking, fishing, extreme, educational, ethnographic - the main directions of tourism in the Irkutsk region. In summer, motor ships, yachts, boats cut through the water surface of Lake Baikal, and in winter, fans of ice fishing, curling and golf on ice flock to the lake covered with solid ice.
The complete opposite of the Baikal region is northern regions Irkutsk region. Only the most courageous and inquisitive travelers get to these impenetrable taiga places of Siberia, where there are much more bears and sables than people. But the areas spread between Baikal and the taiga are very attractive for tourists: a trip along the Irkutsk part of BAM will allow you to view the impenetrable beauty of this region from the train window, a cruise along the Angara will give you the opportunity to enjoy luxurious landscapes from the ship, a trip to the outback - to get acquainted with the life of local residents. Irkutsk ethnography is the whole world, where Buryats and Golendras, Chuvashs, Evenks, Udmurts, Tatars, people from the Caucasus and Central Asia live in authentic compact settlements.
The main city of the region, ancient Irkutsk, deserves a visit, where historical wooden houses built in the Siberian baroque style coexist with modern skyscrapers, and the doors of museums and theaters are open to guests. The Siberian city is especially beautiful in winter, when its snow-covered streets become like an illustration to a fairy tale.
The Republic of Buryatia
Buryatia borders on the Irkutsk region along the waters of Lake Baikal and part of the territory of the Zabaikalsky Reserve, in the south it borders on Mongolia and is separated from this country by the high ridges of the Eastern Sayan Mountains. As in the Irkutsk region, the center of attraction for tourists in Buryatia is Lake Baikal. Stretching for tens of kilometers, beaches with the finest sand, the color of which varies from snow-white to creamy yellow, are wide, clean and not crowded. Most of the Buryat coast of Lake Baikal is a protected area with a strict security regime, and only recently the beginnings of tourism infrastructure have begun to appear here.
On the territory of Buryatia there are two national parks - "Zabaikalsky" and "Tunkinsky". The latter occupies the entire region of the same name of the republic, located in the Tunkinskaya valley, which the locals simply call "Tunka". Here are located thermal spas, the most famous of which is Arshan with its radon baths.
In Buryatia there are the most important centers of pilgrimage for Buddhists in Eastern Siberia - the functioning Ivolginsky, Tamchinsky and Atsagatsky datsans. Dozens of miniature monasteries with elegant, upturned roofs are scattered on this land. Tourists are treated kindly here. A smiling lama will greet you in Russian and offer you refreshment in the cafe at the datsan.
In many Buryat villages, there is a shaman among the local population. As a rule, shamans are respected in the area, both natives and tourists turn to them for advice. of different nationalities and religions.
There are ancient settlements in Buryatia, where the Old Believers, exiled by Catherine II to Siberia, live. In these harsh lands, they retained their identity, and their cultural traditions- songs, fairy tales, rituals - are included in the list of masterpieces of the intangible heritage of UNESCO.
There are only six cities in Buryatia. The main city of the republic is Ulan-Ude, leading its history from 1666, when the Russian Cossacks set up the Udinskoye winter hut in this place. The appearance of the city, spread out like an amphitheater along the banks of the Uda and Selenga rivers, has absorbed the features of Orthodox and Buddhist cultures. Here, Orthodox churches and ancient residential buildings harmoniously coexist with datsans; no one is surprised by Buddhist monks scurrying along the same streets in bright orange robes and Orthodox clergy in black cassocks.
Zabaykalsky Krai
The history of the development of this land by Russian pioneers dates back to 1653, when a few Cossack army led by the explorer of Siberia, voivode Pyotr Beketov, began to equip fortifications in those places where the cities of Nerchinsk and Chita are located today - the modern administrative center of the region.
The most famous natural attractions of this Siberian region- Arakhlei natural park with its system of lakes, which is the most important point on the migration route of migratory birds; The Chara Sands is a sandy valley, lost in the mountains, which is admired by tourists and has repeatedly become the subject of controversy among scientists about its “wrong” location.
In the upper reaches of the Chengtei-Chikoi Highlands, near the border with Mongolia, the Sokhondinsky Reserve is located. At different heights there are valleys with blue lakes and swamps, endless meadows, dense taiga, tundra, and this diverse landscape is crowned by elongated ridges, the peaks of which are covered with eternal snow. The employees of the reserve have developed walking and combined auto-horse-walking routes, which take from 3 days to a week. During the journey, tourists are always accompanied by guides-instructors.
In the valley of the Tura River, on the basis of healing springs, there is the oldest Siberian health resort, founded in 1858, the resort of Darasun. Another balneological resort area, Yamorovka, is equipped on the river of the same name. There are also ski resorts in Transbaikalia, the most famous are Molokovka and Vysokogorye.
Krasnoyarsk region
Huge territory Krasnoyarsk Territory, stretching in the basin of the great Yenisei River, occupied more than 14% of Russia. This space presents an impressive variety of natural zones - steppe, forest-steppe, taiga, forest-tundra, tundra, arctic desert. Forests, mostly taiga, occupy almost 70% of this land. The contrast of the local climatic conditions is also surprising: southern regions, almost warm in Sochi, are famous for their rich grain harvests, and in the northern expanses, where substantial mineral reserves are stored in the bowels of the earth, winter begins in September and lasts for almost eight months.
The main city of the region - Krasnoyarsk - the largest in Eastern Siberia. It has a 400-year history and is included in the list of historical cities of Russia. Krasnoyarsk stretches along both banks of the Yenisei River, and a 2-kilometer bridge connects them. It is an important industrial, scientific and cultural center with beautiful historical areas, where buildings of the 19th-20th centuries are well preserved.
Just 3 km from Krasnoyarsk is the Stolby State Nature Reserve. On its territory, densely covered with pines, larches and cedars, a whole forest of granite rocks “grows”, which has been created by winds and rains for thousands of years. With their bizarre outlines, the rocks resemble birds, animals, people, which is reflected in the names of many of them. In these parts, even a special sport has been formed - stolbism, that is, climbing on pillar rocks. The daredevils who have climbed on them have stunning views of the boundless Siberian expanses and the Yenisei.
This greatest river planet unites the entire territory of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, crossing it from south to north. Cities and villages have long been settled on its banks, including the ancient Yeniseisk, which is included in the list of Russian monument cities, which still retains its pre-revolutionary appearance and enchants with beautiful baroque estates. This Siberian city is home to an important state facility - the Center for Space Communications. The cities of Kyzyl, Sayanogorsk, Abakan, Divnogorsk, Tarukhansk, Igarka, Dudinka, Minusinsk are located along the banks of the river. You can get acquainted with their sights, as well as admire the unique natural wonders, by going on a cruise on the Yenisei.
Between Minusinsk and Kyzyl is one of the most picturesque and original corners of Eastern Siberia - the Ergaki rock massif. Here, among the most beautiful lakes and waterfalls, sharp rocky peaks rise, creating a phantasmagoric landscape.
In the Krasnoyarsk Territory there are about 300 thousand lakes, large and small, and major rivers- more than ten. In the south of the region, a lake chain stretches, fed by thermal springs, reservoirs are rich in therapeutic mud. A popular holiday destination is Lake Tiberkul, located in the valley of the Kazyr River, surrounded by virgin nature.
In this corner of Siberia, there are seven grandiose nature reserves. One of them, Taymyrsky, which is located in the far north, is the largest and most famous in the country. This realm of nature is inhabited by noble reindeer and terrifying-looking musk oxen, arctic foxes, ermines, wolverines, great amount feathered. Valuable and rare species of fish are found in Lake Taimyr. Myths and legends are fanned by the Tunguska Reserve, created at the site of the fall Tunguska meteorite. This is the only area on the planet where you can study the environmental consequences of space disasters. The Central Siberian Nature Reserve is famous for its unique richness and diversity of flora, an abundance of rare plants. Ethnographic research is also carried out here to study the ancient culture of a small indigenous people - the Kets.
The Great Arctic Reserve, the largest in Eurasia, is located beyond the Arctic Circle. The only way to get to these deserted silent places is by air. Here, travelers are given the opportunity to visit the William Barents Biological Station to watch through binoculars rare species birds, get acquainted with the life and traditions of the Nenets. Tourists are engaged in rafting and sport fishing on the Khutuda Biga River, and extreme surfers are attracted by the coastal waters of the Arctic Ocean. On long complex tours, travelers are accompanied by biologists, rangers, and sometimes by cooks and doctors.
The Republic of Khakassia
Khakassia is located in the south of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. Most of the territory of the republic is occupied by harsh mountains, which are the dominant of delightful landscapes with their blue lakes, turbulent rivers with crystal clear water, bright colors of the plant kingdom.
This ancient land, fanned with legends and traditions of the Khakass epic, is a unique storehouse archaeological finds. Among the 30 thousand ancient monuments - witnesses of history - rock paintings, mounds, burial grounds and temples, picturesque ruins of fortifications. One of the iconic buildings is the Chebaki fortress, dating back to the 2nd millennium BC. e. There are about 50 similar structures in the republic, the Khakass call them "sve". The famous local petroglyphs are Sulekskaya and Boyarskaya, and the most famous rock painting depicting scenes from the life of an ancient tribe is located in the Valley of the Tagar Kings. Here, in the middle of the silent steppe, dozens of mounds are scattered, conditionally fenced with vertical stone slabs.
Khakassia is famous for its salt and fresh lakes. The largest body of water is Lake Bele, located in the Dzherim steppe. According to legend, monsters live in this lake. Lake Shira, in the Shirinsky district, is known as one of the most popular balneological resorts in Siberia. Tourist bases are scattered throughout Khakassia: on the banks of mountain rivers and lakes, in cedar taiga forests. The Republic of Khakassia is a well-known ski center in Siberia. There are about a dozen resorts and bases, where modern tracks of various lengths and levels of difficulty are equipped.
The main city of Khakassia is Abakan, which dates back to the 19th century and is today the industrial, cultural and scientific center of the republic. Ancient Khakass villages recent decades have grown, most of them are connected by roads and railways. Local residents are still engaged in cattle breeding and sheep breeding, and their way of life keeps the imprint of ancient eras.
Tyva Republic
Tyva, spreading in the upper reaches of the Yenisei, occupies a relatively small area, on which two completely different natural zones adjoin: sandy and forest-tundra. Camels and deer, red wolves and snow leopards live here not far from each other. The symbol of the republic is the obelisk "Center of Asia", located in the capital of the republic - Kyzyl. It was this definition of Tuva that was given in 1910 by the English geographer and traveler Alexander Douglas Carruthers, who visited these places.
At Kyzyl, the Big Yenisei and the Small Yenisei merge, and from here deep river carries its waters to the north of Siberia. All Tuvan rivers originate in the mountains and abound with magnificent waterfalls. The largest and most famous are Biy-Khemsky, Khamsyrinsky, Dototsky waterfalls. Many mountain rivers are very popular among amateurs and professionals of water rafting. The most interesting places for hiking and equestrian tourism are located in the south-west of the republic, in the Taiginsky and Mongun-Taiginsky districts.
Fishermen are well aware of Lake Choigan-Khol and the Sorug River, located at one of the spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains, and hunting grounds account for a good half of the entire territory of the republic.
The original culture of the main local population - the Tuvans - always makes a vivid impression on tourists. During the festivities, there are horse races, khuresh wrestling, archery competitions. Going on an ethno tour around Tuva, you will be able to get acquainted with the ancient Tuvan rituals, as well as hear the famous Tuvan throat singing, which fascinates with its overflows, which have absorbed the spirit of the endless steppes.
Local kitchen
Siberian cuisine is as diverse as the traditions of the peoples inhabiting this vast region of the planet. The very same culinary preferences of the natives of Siberia have always been determined by their habitat. And today, in some regions, a meal is not complete without fish dishes, in others, the main product is meat.
Among the famous dishes of Siberian cuisine are salted raw meat (corned beef), jelly and stews from offal (ears, hooves, tongues), dumplings with assorted minced meat, consisting of beef, pork and lamb, pies with porridge, meat, mushroom, cottage cheese, berry fillings, sausages prepared for future use, hams, salted mushrooms. Siberian culinary fish products have an excellent taste: they are steamed, dried, marinated, dried in the wind and in the sun, baked in scales stuffed with fish fillet with spices or porridge with onions and mushrooms.
National Siberian delicacy - pine nuts, seeds, honey. The most popular drinks: kvass on malt, kissels - flour, berry, milk, teas on local herbs.
Siberian souvenirs
Siberia is a generous land, ready to present a wide variety of gifts to its guests. Among the most popular edible gifts are pine nuts - in cones, unpeeled, peeled, in honey. It is better to buy nuts during the harvest season (in September) or a few months after it, since this taiga souvenir loses its value very quickly. useful qualities and taste. A good purchase is cedar oil and excellent quality buckwheat, taiga and flower honey.
The “trick” of the Baikal regions is the omul fish. As a tasty and "long-lasting" souvenir, it is better to buy it in brine, packed in special gift kegs. They can be bought in the villages, and in city supermarkets, and directly at the airport before departure.
Another tasty and useful souvenir is Siberian tea, which is not actually tea, but is a healing herbal tea. Look for such a bouquet of herbs, which includes the valuable plant Sagan-Daila, according to ancient beliefs, prolonging life. Souvenirs useful for health include fir oil, cedar oleoresin, balms and herbal tinctures.
An excellent souvenir from Siberia is jewelry and crafts made of charoite, a stone whose only deposit in the world is located on the border of the Irkutsk region and Yakutia. The extraction of this beautiful stone, iridescent shades of pink, lilac, purple flowers, is strictly limited, which causes its rather high cost. In order to avoid acquiring a fake when buying, ask for a certificate.
Products from birch bark are popular: caskets, kitchen utensils, baskets, panels. In any region of Siberia, you can also buy interesting ethnic souvenirs: from jewelry and clothes to musical instruments.
Where to stay
Tourism infrastructure in different regions Siberia is developed heterogeneously. However, in every administrative center and major cities There are two and four star hotels. In Novosibirsk, you can also stay in hotels of world brands "Hilton" and "Marriott" (about 7,000 rubles per day).
For those who plan to relax in nature and engage in outdoor activities, it is better to stay at a camp site, camping or guest house. On Lake Baikal, for example, you can live in a hostel, where a room with two beds and all amenities will cost from 2,000 rubles per day.
If you want to improve your health, head to one of the many sanatoriums or dispensaries. They are usually located in picturesque places with the cleanest healing air, rich in natural healing resources - mineral waters, mud. Most health institutions are equipped with full-fledged diagnostic databases and offer comprehensive treatment and preventive services.
Transport
In the cities of Siberia public transport represented by buses, trolleybuses, minibuses, and Novosibirsk can also boast of the subway. Fares vary by region.
Large settlements are connected by bus service. By bus from administrative centers regions, you can also get to popular, "promoted" resorts. Tourists arriving here in companies often rent a minibus to comfortably get to Right place. The organization of the transfer from Novosibirsk to the resorts of Siberia is engaged in transport company"Bus Center".
Siberian regions are connected railroads: West Siberian, East Siberian, South Siberian.
AT last years regional air traffic is being restored, new routes are being opened. Often airplanes and helicopters are the only vehicles, allowing you to get to the reserved Siberian regions.
The cities of Siberia are also connected by the main water arteries - the Ob, Irtysh, Lena, Yenisei, Angara. Going on a long river cruise, you will get the opportunity to see places that are not available for land excursions.
In large Siberian cities there are car rental points. Prices are different everywhere, but, as a rule, at least 900 rubles / day.
How to get there
In the main city of Siberia, Novosibirsk, there is an international airport Tolmachevo. Flights from Moscow and St. Petersburg are sent here daily. Travel time is from 3 to 5 hours. Airports in Irkutsk, Tomsk, Omsk, Ulan-Ude, Barnaul, Kemerovo, Bratsk, Kyzyl, Krasnoyarsk also have international status. There are airports in other cities, but they are mainly designed for domestic flights.
Siberia is pierced by the Trans-Siberian Railway. By train from Moscow to the Far East, you can get to Novosibirsk, Severobaikalsk, Novokuznetsk, Blagoveshchensk, Ulan-Ude, Krasnoyarsk, Kemerovo, Abakan, Tomsk.
From Ladoga railway station Petersburg, the trains going to Novokuznetsk are poisoned, in Novosibirsk the train makes a stop.
Siberia is vast geographic region in the northeastern part of Eurasia, bounded from the west by the Ural Mountains, from the east by the Far Eastern regions of Russia, from the north by the Arctic Ocean, from the south by the border of neighboring states of Russia. But few people know that there was a city with the same name on this territory.
Atlas des enfance book: Liempire Rousset, Imprime à luuniversité Imperiale de Moscow, 1771.
Here I don't even know what to say. I have not found any other information about this city. I wonder where the authors got this fact from? On the other hand, the book was printed in the printing house of Moscow University. Dedicated to some kind of Kriegs commissar Glebov. Surely passed the censorship. So they didn’t just write like that.
It turns out that the same book was published under a different title: The Experience of Russian Geography. Imperial Moscow University, 1771. And there it is dedicated to all the governors of the then Russia, according to the list. And each sent a copy to correct errors and inaccuracies
Opening cities is my specialty, heh!
That's not all. The city of Tyumen used to be called differently. Again, this is not written anywhere else.
Book: Abulgachi-Bayadur-Khan Genealogical history of the Tatars, translated into French from a handwritten Tatar book, the writings of Abulgachi-Bayadur-Khan, and supplemented by a great number of reliable and curious notes about the direct current state of North Asia with the necessary geographical land maps, and from French into Russian at the Academy of Sciences. Published at the end of the 18th century. And part of the map from there. And the city of Siberia is very clearly visible on it.
Book: The Life and Glorious Deeds of Peter the Great, Autocrat of All Russia: [Text] : With the assumption [!] of a brief geographical and political history of the Russian state, Orfelin, Zakhariyya.
Actually everything is logical. For centuries, our areas have been called by the name of the main city.
By the way, I told a friend about my discovery here. The other day we met again. And he happily informs me that he saw an interview of the director of the Tobolsk Kremlin on some cable channel. And he said that yes, there was such a city of Siberia near Tobolsk.
It turns out that the city of Siberia is written in Wikipedia. Just search by name Qashlyk. Moreover, as I understand it, it is under this name (and also Isker) that the city of Siberia is mentioned in modern history.
Here it is on the people's map, just below Tobolsk.
One of the paintings painted in the second half of the 19th century by the Tobolsk artist M. S. Znamensky. As you can see, people still remembered about city of Siberia.
Fragment of the Ortelius map from 1570. The city of Siberia on the Ob and Great Perm on Vychegda are clearly visible.
Where we learn a little about the history of the Siberian kingdom before its conquest by Muscovy. And also who founded the city of Siberia:
The first Siberian king had, according to the chroniclers of the 17th century, a very interesting name - Ivan. Though there was Magmet's law. That's very interesting, what exactly is the law and not faith. This is not the first time I have come across this definition - the law. It is different from the concept of faith. And this is a completely different view of the events of that time.
Someone Genghis killed Ivan. Also Tatar. Miller in his Description of the Siberian kingdom and all the cases that took place in it, St. Petersburg: Pri Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1750. - Tatars are the first and most important people of Siberia.
In addition to them, on the Irtysh River, as follows from the text, the Chud people live.
The city of Siberia was founded by King Mamet somewhere at the end of the 15th century, judging by the text. And the kingdom of Siberia for many years was part of the kingdom of Kazan.
By the way, a very interesting point. Ivan the Terrible became the first tsar in Russia, and before that we had only princes. But the Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan and Crimean rulers were originally called kings. Why so, it is not clear. There was something, which we now don’t even know about, that put these lands and their rulers higher than the Russian principalities in the then table of ranks. Yes that Kazan and Siberia. There was the Kasimov kingdom, right next to Moscow. And there was a king and not a prince.
At the end of the text, an interesting fact is that the names of the sons of Kuchum do not coincide with the names recorded in our current history. I already wrote about the Siberian princes.
Few know, but at the beginning of the 18th century Siberian princes still lived in Russia. And they did not just live, but were in the service of Peter the Great.
