To the question in which climatic zones the Pacific Ocean is located, asked by the author Neurologist the best answer is Its peculiar “records” are associated with the size of the Pacific Ocean: the strongest winds, the highest and longest waves, the most devastating tsunami etc. Huge size oceans cause diversity and contrast climatic conditions. Therefore, in the Pacific Ocean, the entire range of “climatic coasts” is most fully represented - from ice to coral and mangroves.
In the waters of the Pacific Ocean, 10 climatic zones are distinguished, in which certain air masses dominate: the equatorial belt, two subequatorial zones, located between 3-5 ° N. and yu. sh. two tropical, two subtropical, two temperate and subarctic. The boundaries of climatic zones, of course, change with the change of seasons, but these migrations in the latitudinal direction do not exceed a few degrees. Air masses of climatic zones differ in temperature and humidity fields, types of cyclonic activity.

Answer from Ўliya Blinova[guru]
equatorial, subequatorial, tropical, subtropical, temperate, subarctic, subantarctic, polar.
This is if you do not take into account the theory of existence " southern ocean". otherwise - all but the last two

Answer from Easily[newbie]
In the Pacific Ocean, all climatic zones are distinguished with the exception of the northern polar (Arctic). The western and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean differ significantly from each other and from central regions ocean. As a result, within the belts, as a rule, physiographic regions are distinguished. In each specific area natural conditions and processes are determined by the position in relation to the continents and islands, the depth of the ocean, the peculiarity of the circulation of air and water, etc. In the western part of the Pacific Ocean, marginal and interisland seas are usually distinguished as physiographic regions, and in the eastern part - zones of intense upwelling.
Northern subpolar (subarctic) belt
Unlike Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific part of the belt is quite isolated from the influence of the Arctic Ocean. The belt occupies most of the Bering and Seas of Okhotsk.
In autumn and winter, the surface layer of water cools to the freezing point, and forms large masses ice. Cooling is accompanied by salinization of waters. Summer sea ​​ice gradually disappear, the temperature of the thin upper layer rises to 3-5°C, in the south - up to 10°C. Cold water remains below, forming an intermediate layer formed as a result of winter cooling. Thermohaline convection, summer heating and water desalination (30-33% o) as a result of ice melting, the interaction of warm current jets (Aleutian) with cold subpolar waters cause a relatively high content of nutrients in surface water ah and high bioproductivity of the subarctic belt. Nutrients are not lost at great depths, since vast shelves are located within the water area. Two regions stand out in the subarctic zone: the Bering Sea and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, rich in valuable commercial fish, invertebrates and marine animals.
northern temperate zone
In the Pacific Ocean, it covers vast areas from Asia to North America and occupies an intermediate position between the main areas of formation of cold subarctic and warm subtropical and tropical waters.
In the west of the belt, the warm Kuroshio Current and the cold Kuril Current (Oyashio) interact. From the streams formed with mixed water, the North Pacific Current is formed, which occupies a significant part of the water area and carries huge masses of water and heat from west to east under the influence of the westerly winds prevailing here. Water temperatures fluctuate greatly throughout the year in the temperate zone. In winter, near the coast, it can drop to 0°C, in summer it rises to 15-20°C (up to 28°C in the Yellow Sea). Ice forms only on limited inland areas shallow seas (for example, in the northern part of the Sea of ​​Japan). In winter, vertical thermal convection of waters develops with the participation of intense wind mixing: cyclonic activity is active in temperate latitudes. High content oxygen and nutrients in water provides a relatively high bioproductivity, and its value in the northern part of the belt (subpolar waters) is higher than in the southern (subtropical waters). The salinity of the waters in the northern half of the water area is 33%o, in the southern half it is close to the average - 35%o. The western part of the belt is characterized by monsoon circulation, sometimes typhoons come here. Within the belt, the areas of the Japan and Yellow Seas and the Gulf of Alaska stand out.
Northern subtropical belt
It is located between the westerly winds of temperate latitudes and the trade winds of equatorial-tropical latitudes. middle part The water area is surrounded by the northern subtropical ring of currents.
Due to the prevailing sinking of air and its stable stratification within the belt, usually clear sky, low rainfall and relatively dry air. There are no prevailing air currents, the winds are weak and changeable, and calms are characteristic. Evaporation is very high due to dry air and high

The Pacific Ocean is the largest body of water in the world. It stretches from the very north of the planet to its south, reaching the shores of Antarctica. It reaches its greatest width at the equator, in the tropical and subtropical zones. Therefore, the climate of the Pacific Ocean is more defined as warm, because most of it falls on the tropics. This ocean has both warm and cold currents. It depends on which continent the bay adjoins in one place or another and what atmospheric flows are formed above it.

atmospheric circulation

In many ways, the climate of the Pacific Ocean depends on atmospheric pressure, which is formed above it. In this section, geographers distinguish five main areas. Among them there are zones of both high and low pressure. In the subtropics in both hemispheres of the planet, two regions are formed above the ocean high pressure. They are called the North Pacific or Hawaiian High and the South Pacific High. The closer to the equator, the lower the pressure becomes. We also note that the atmospheric dynamics in the Western Hemisphere is lower than in the Eastern Hemisphere. In the north and south of the ocean, dynamic lows are formed - the Aleutian and the Antarctic, respectively. Northern exists only in winter time of the year, and the southern one is stable all year round in terms of its atmospheric features.

Winds

Such a factor as the trade winds, largely affects the climate Pacific Ocean. In short, such wind currents are formed in the tropics and subtropics in both hemispheres. A system of trade winds has been established there for centuries, which cause warm currents and a stable hot air temperature. They are separated by a strip of equatorial calm. Calms prevail in this area, but light winds occasionally occur. In the northwestern part of the ocean, monsoons are the most frequent guests. In winter, the wind blows from the Asian continent, bringing cold and dry air with it. In summer, the ocean wind blows, which increases the humidity and temperature of the air. Moderate climate zone, as well as the entire southern hemisphere, starting from the subtropical climate, is subject to strong winds. The climate of the Pacific Ocean in these areas is characterized by typhoons, hurricanes, and gusty winds.

Air temperature

In order to visually understand what temperatures the Pacific Ocean is characterized by, the map will come to our aid. We see that this reservoir is located in all climatic zones, starting from the northern, icy, passing through the equator and ending with the southern, also icy. Above the surface of the entire reservoir, the climate is subordinated latitudinal zonality and winds that bring hot or cold temperatures to certain regions. In equatorial latitudes, the thermometer shows from 20 to 28 degrees in August, approximately the same indicators are observed in February. In temperate latitudes, February temperatures reach -25 Celsius, and in August the thermometer rises to +20.

Characteristics of currents, their influence on temperature

The peculiarities of the climate of the Pacific Ocean are that in the same latitudes at the same time different weather can be observed. It all works out this way because the ocean is made up of various currents which bring warm or cold cyclones here from the continents. So let's start with the Northern Hemisphere. In the tropics West Side the reservoir is always warmer than the eastern one. This is due to the fact that in the west the waters are warmed by the trade winds and the Kuroshio and East Australian currents. In the east, the waters are cooled by the Peruvian and California currents. In the temperate zone, on the contrary, the east is warmer than the west. Here the western part is cooled by the Kuril current, and the eastern part is heated by the Alaska current. If we consider the Southern Hemisphere, then we will not find a significant difference between the West and the East. Everything happens naturally here, since the trade winds and winds high latitudes distribute the temperature over the surface of the water equally.

Clouds and pressure

The climate of the Pacific Ocean also depends on atmospheric phenomena, which are formed over one or another of its areas. An increase in air currents is observed in low pressure zones, as well as in coastal areas where there is a mountainous area. The closer to the equator, the less clouds gather over the waters. In temperate latitudes, they are contained in 80-70 percent, in the subtropics - 60-70%, in the tropics - 40-50%, and at the equator only 10 percent.

Precipitation

Now let's look at what weather harbors the Pacific Ocean. A map of climatic zones shows that the highest humidity here falls on tropical and subtropical zone that are north of the equator. Here the amount of precipitation is equal to 3000 mm. In temperate latitudes, this figure is reduced to 1000-2000 mm. Also note that in the West the climate is always drier than in the East. The most arid region of the ocean is the coastal zone near the California Peninsula and off the coast of Peru. Here, due to problems with condensation, the amount of precipitation is reduced to 300-200 mm. In some areas it is extremely low and is only 30 mm.

The climate of the Pacific Ocean

AT classic version It is generally accepted that this water reservoir has three seas - the Sea of ​​Japan, the Bering Sea and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. These reservoirs are separated from the main reservoir by islands or peninsulas, they are adjacent to the continents and belong to countries in this case Russia. Their climate is determined by the interaction of ocean and land. On average, the temperature above the water surface in February is about 15-20 degrees below zero, in coastal zone- 4 below zero. The Sea of ​​​​Japan is the warmest, because the temperature in it is kept within +5 degrees. The most severe winters are in the north of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. Here the thermometer can show below -30 degrees. In summer, the seas heat up to an average of 16-20 above zero. Naturally, the Okhotsk in this case will be cold - +13-16, and the Japanese one can warm up to +30 or more.

Conclusion

The Pacific Ocean, which is, in fact, the largest geographical feature planet is characterized by a very diverse climate. Regardless of the season, a certain atmospheric influence is formed over its waters, which generates low or high temperatures, strong winds or utter calm.

1. Highlight the most common features nature of the Pacific. Explain their reasons.

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and oldest of all oceans. Its area is 178.6 million. It can freely accommodate all the continents and islands combined, which is why it is sometimes called the Great.

The warm waters of the ocean contribute to the work of corals, of which there are many. Along eastern shores Australia has the Great Reef. This is the largest "ridge" created by organisms.

The Pacific Ocean is the deepest. Its average depth is 3980 meters, and the maximum reaches 11022 m in the Mariana Trench

2. The climate of which continents does the Pacific Ocean affect greatest influence? Why?

Eurasia and Australia. North and South America are protected from the influence of the Pacific air masses mountains, and Africa does not interact directly with the Pacific Ocean.

4. Name the species economic activity in the Pacific Ocean, rank them in order of importance.

The Pacific Ocean is heavily exploited by humans. Minerals are mined from the bottom of the ocean; coastline changes during the construction of ports; expanding recreational areas. The Pacific is playing huge role in development maritime transport, in the implementation of economic and cultural ties between countries along its coasts.

5. What is manifested negative impact man on the nature of the Pacific Ocean?

Man pollutes the Pacific Ocean, thereby killing its inhabitants. Also, people illegally capture endangered species, thereby causing the death of several species along the food chain.

The choice of a tourist route is associated with endemic flora and fauna, as well as with a mild climate and the relative ease in obtaining visas for traveling to the countries represented. The scientific route is connected with the study of volcanoes.

7. What is the interaction between the Indian Ocean and the surrounding land?

The waters of the ocean constantly interact with the surrounding land. The shores under the influence of water are destroyed, over time becoming more indented. The softer the land is composed of, the faster the destruction of the coast and the change in the coastline.

Water evaporating from the surface of the ocean forms clouds that bring precipitation to land. Especially a lot of them fall out where near the continents flow warm currents. The monsoons blowing from the Indian Ocean in summer bring rainfall to South Asia. Rivers originating in the Himalayas desalinate the northern part of the ocean.

8. What types of economic activities are developed in Indian Ocean?

Fishing and fishing. Fish are caught off the coast of the mainland, and fisheries - in Antarctic waters - whaling, Off the coast of Australia and Sri Lanka

pearl fisheries, on the shelf off Australia - tin, gold, phosphorites. In the Persian Gulf basin, near India and Australia, oil, gas, iron, manganese.

9. Name the most major ports on its coast.

Major ports in the Indian Ocean - Aden, Kolkata, Mumbai, Madras, Karachi,

Fremantle, Rangoon, Durban, Mombasa, Mogadishu, Chittagong.

Western. The western part of the belt is characterized by monsoon circulation, sometimes typhoons come here. Of the climatic zones presented in the table, the Pacific Ocean accounts for almost all, except for the northern polar (Arctic). The northern subpolar (subarctic) belt occupies most of the Bering and Okhotsk Seas. In the Pacific Ocean, the northern subpolar belt has some peculiarities.

The Soviet scientist D.V. Bogdanov divided the ocean into areas that are homogeneous in terms of the prevailing in them natural processes. Description of the climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean: In winter, large masses of ice form within the zone, and salinity increases.

In the north of the northern temperate climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean there is the Aleutian minimum of atmospheric pressure, which is well expressed in winter, in the south - the northern part of the Hawaiian maximum. Northern trade wind current. It is located on both sides of the equator at approximately 20°N. sh. up to 20°S sh., between the northern and southern tropical belts. Tropical water masses are also well warmed by the sun, but the water temperature here is lower than in equatorial latitudes, and is 20-25°C.

On the eastern edge of the belt along the coast of Chile, the coastal Peruvian Current is traced from south to north, and the warm East Australian Current is in the west. Description of the climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean: The deviation of the boundaries of the zone from the latitudinal strike is associated with the circulation of surface waters and the atmosphere. Flora and fauna are inherent in both the Antarctic and temperate belts, but there are also endemic species. The waters are rich in fish, krill and plankton, whales are common, seals and penguins near the islands.

The water area of ​​the South subpolar climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean is especially wide in the area of ​​the Ross Sea, which penetrates deep into the massif of the Antarctic continent. In the Ross Sea, the waters of the ocean go far beyond the South arctic circle, almost to 80 ° S. sh., and taking into account ice shelves - even further.

For water masses The south polar climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean is characterized by an abundance of floating ice, as well as ice that forms huge ice expanses. In the Southern Hemisphere, in areas of polar water masses, sea ice enters temperate latitudes much further than in the Northern Hemisphere.

The first climate classifications appeared in the 70s XIX years century and were descriptive. According to the classification of the professor of Moscow State University B.P. Alisov, there are 7 types of climates on Earth that make up climatic zones. 4 of them are main, and 3 are transitional. In this type of climate, the state of the atmosphere over the mainland and the ocean is different, therefore, a continental tropical climate and an oceanic tropical climate are distinguished. The oceanic tropical climate is similar to the equatorial one, but differs from it in less cloudiness and steady winds.

There is a significant influence of westerly winds, bringing precipitation throughout the year. Summer in this climatic zone is moderately warm (from +10°С to +25-28°С). In winter, a cold wind blows from the continent, so the winter is clear and cold (-20-27°C).

Above 70° north and 65° south latitudes, the polar climate dominates, forming two belts: arctic and antarctic. In transitional climatic zones, air masses change seasonally.

In summer, this zone is dominated by equatorial air masses, and in winter - by tropical ones. The southern subequatorial belt includes: South America (Amazon lowland, Brazil); Africa (center and east of the mainland); Australia (northern coast of the mainland). Such circulation of air masses determines the following weather in these areas: hot, dry summer (from +30 to +50°C) and relatively Cold winter with precipitation, stable snow cover is not formed.

The northern temperate zone is a vast area of ​​ocean stretching from Asia to North America. The belt is characterized high temperature and salinity of waters, low bioproductivity. They often originate between the islands of Samoa and Fiji and move west to the coast of Australia. The axis of the belt in the open part of the ocean is the zone of subtropical convergence, where the waters of the South Equatorial Current and the northern jet of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current converge.

Description of the climatic zone of the Pacific Ocean: Trade winds of the Northern Hemisphere and the Northern Trade Wind Current dominate in a significant part of the belt. The equatorial belt occupies a vast and complex water area in the Pacific Ocean. Most of surface of the Pacific Ocean, approximately between 40° northern latitude and 42° south latitude, is located in the zones of equatorial, tropical and subtropical climates.