Physical map of the world allows you to see the relief earth's surface and location of major continents. The physical map gives general idea about the location of the seas, oceans, complex terrain and elevation changes in various parts planets. On the physical map of the world, you can clearly see the mountains, plains and systems of ridges and highlands. Physical maps of the world are widely used in schools in the study of geography, as it is the basis for understanding the main natural features various parts of the world.

Physical map of the world in Russian - relief

PHYSICAL WORLD MAP displays the surface of the Earth. The space of the earth's surface contains everything Natural resources and wealth of mankind. The configuration of the earth's surface predetermines the entire course human history. Change the boundaries of the continents, stretch the direction of the main mountain ranges in a different way, change the direction of the rivers, remove this or that strait or bay, and the whole history of mankind will become different.

“What is the surface of the Earth? The concept of surface has the same meaning as the concept of geographic shell and the concept of biosphere proposed by geochemists... The earth's surface is voluminous - three-dimensional, and taking the geographical shell of an unambiguous biosphere, we emphasize the paramount importance of living matter for geography. The geographic envelope ends where the living matter ends.

Physical map of the hemispheres of the Earth in Russian

Physical map of the world in English from National Geographic

Physical map of the world in Russian

Good physical map of the world in English

Physical map of the world in Ukrainian

Physical map of the Earth in English

Detailed physical map of the Earth with major currents

Physical world map with state borders - Wikiwand Physical world map with state borders

Map of the geological regions of the earth - Geological map of the world "s regions

Physical map of the world with the ice and clouds - A physical map of the world with the ice and clouds

Physical map of the Earth - Physical map of the Earth

Physical map of the world - A physical map of the world

The great importance of the structure of the continents for the fate of mankind is indisputable. The gulf between the eastern and western hemispheres disappeared only 500 years ago with the travels of the Spaniards and the Portuguese to America. Prior to this, ties between the peoples of both hemispheres existed mainly only in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean.

Deep Injection northern continents to the Arctic for a long time made the paths around them inaccessible northern shores. The close convergence of the three main oceans in the area of ​​three mediterranean seas created the possibility of their connection with each other naturally (Strait of Malacca) or artificially (Suez Canal, Panama Canal). Mountain chains and location predetermined the movement of peoples. Vast plains led to the unification of people under one state will, strongly dissected spaces contributed to the maintenance of state fragmentation.

The dismemberment of America by rivers, lakes and mountains led to the formation of Indian peoples, who, due to their isolation, could not resist the Europeans. Seas, continents, mountain ranges and rivers form natural boundaries between countries and peoples (F. Fatzel, 1909).

The geographical map of the world is an overview map of the relief of the earth's surface. On the geographical map the world is plotted with a coordinate grid. On the geographical map of the world are not displayed individual states and countries to generalize and simplify the display of surface topography above sea level (the darker the color, the higher the surface). The geographical map of the world clearly and concisely shows information about the main continents, seas and oceans and allows you to quickly create an image of the relief of the whole world. View geographical maps of the world online in Russian:

Detailed geographical map of the world in Russian:

Geographic map of the world close-up in Russian- opens in a new window in full screen. The geographical map of the world in high resolution shows all the continents with the names: Africa, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Antarctica and Australia. The geographic map of the Earth shows the location of the oceans: Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Arctic Ocean and Indian Ocean. A large geographical map of the world allows you to see the seas, bays, deserts, plains and mountains. The geographical map of the world is a map of the globe and looks like a map of continents, seas and oceans. The geographic map of the world can be downloaded for free at good quality.

Geographic map of the world in Russian large format:

Geographic map of the world with coordinates of latitude and longitude, indicating the currents of the world's oceans close-up:

Geographic map of the world in Russian large format opens in a new window in full screen. A high-resolution geographic map of the world shows a high-quality map of the world in Russian with parallels and meridians, with oceans and seas, with latitude and longitude, with seas and oceans. The geographical map of the world shows plains, mountains and rivers, continents and continents of the globe. If you enlarge the geographical map of the world, you can see separately the geographical map of each continent.

Outline map of the world

In geography lessons at school, a contour map of the world is often required:

The contour geographical map of the world opens in a new window in full screen.

What to see on the geographical map of the world:

First of all, on the geographical map of the world, mountains and plains marked different color(the darker the color, the higher the mountains). Most high mountains on a geographical map they go with an indication of the height of the peak above sea level. Most major rivers are named on the map. On the geographical map of the world indicate the most big cities. On this map, you can immediately see where the oceans, seas, islands and lakes are located.

Continents and continents: Eurasia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Antarctica. The largest continent is Eurasia.

oceans of the world: There are four oceans in the world - Pacific, Atlantic, Arctic and Indian. Most big ocean in the world - Pacific Ocean.

Largest seas in the world in descending order of area: the largest sea in the world - Sargasso Sea followed by the Philippine Sea, Coral Sea, Arabian Sea, South China Sea, Tasman Sea, Fiji Sea, Weddell Sea, Caribbean Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Bering Sea, Bay of Bengal, Sea of ​​Okhotsk, Gulf of Mexico, Barents Sea, Norwegian Sea, Scotia Sea, Hudson Bay, Greenland Sea, Catfish Sea, Riiser-Larsen Sea, Sea of ​​Japan, Arafura Sea, East Siberian Sea.

Most big islands in the world descending area: the largest island in the world - Greenland, followed by the islands: New Guinea, Kalimantan, Madagascar, Baffin Island, Sumatra, UK, Honshu, Victoria, Ellesmere, Sulawesi, south island (New Zealand), Java, north island(New Zealand), Luzon, Newfoundland, Cuba, Iceland, Mindanao, Ireland, Hokkaido, Haiti, Sakhalin, Banks, Sri Lanka.

The longest rivers in the world: the largest river in the world - Amazon, after it there are rivers: Nile, Mississippi - Missouri - Jefferson, Yangtze, Huang He, Ob - Irtysh, Yenisei - Angara - Selenga - Ider, Lena - Vitim, Amur - Argun - Mutnaya channel - Kerulen, Congo - Lualaba - Luvua - Luapula - Chambeshi, Mekong, Mackenzie - Slave - Pis - Finlay, Niger, La Plata - Parana - Rio Grande, Volga - Kama.

The highest mountains with a height of more than 8 km: most big mountain in the world - Chomolungma, a little lower are the mountains: Chogori, Kanchenjunga, Lhotse, Makalu, Cho Oyu, Dhaulagiri, Manaslu, Nangaparbat, Annapurna I, Gasherbrum I, Broad Peak, Gasherbrum II and Shishabangma.

Most large lakes by continent: in Africa, Lake Victoria, in Antarctica, the subglacial Lake Vostok, in Asia, the salty Caspian Sea and fresh Lake Baikal, in Australia, Lake Eyre, in Europe, the salty Caspian Sea and fresh Ladoga lake, in North America - Lake Michigan-Huron, in South America - salt Lake Maracaibo and fresh lake Titicaca. The largest lake in the world is the Caspian Sea.

It is not enough just to know what a globe is. You need to learn how to read it correctly in order to learn a lot of new and interesting things. In this lesson, we will learn what the colors on the globe mean. Let's learn the names of oceans and continents, talk about their features and differences. Let's get acquainted with amazing miracles nature, flora and fauna.

Why blue and blue color the most on the globe? Most of the earth's surface is covered with water. In a photograph taken from space, everything bodies of water appear blue. This color on the globe indicates the oceans and seas, rivers and lakes.

Rice. 2. Earth from space ()

But if you look closely, you can see that in different places the ocean is marked with different shades. This is done to show depth: the deeper the ocean, the darker blue color, and the smaller the depth, the lighter the paint on the globe. - This huge spaces bitter-salty waters that surround the continents and islands.

Pacific Ocean- the largest on earth.

Rice. 4. Physical map of the Pacific Ocean ()

This name was given to him by the navigator Ferdinand Magellan, because during his trip to sailing ships this ocean was calm. Although in reality the Pacific Ocean is not at all quiet, especially in its western part, where it raises and drives huge waves - tsunami bringing a lot of trouble to the inhabitants of the Japanese islands.

Mariana Trench- most deep place in the world. It is located in the Pacific Ocean, its depth is eleven kilometers thirty-four meters.

Rice. 6. Mariana Trench ()

Previously, Europeans did not even suspect the existence of the Pacific Ocean. They knew only one ocean - Atlantic, which seemed boundless, so it was named after the strong hero Greek myths Atlanta.

Rice. 7. Physical map of the Atlantic Ocean ()

In fact, the Atlantic Ocean is the second largest after the Pacific, the greatest depth of the ocean is 5 kilometers. In the Atlantic Ocean there are huge waves as high as a three-story house.

Indian Ocean especially restless in its southern part. It is warmer than others, even in the northern part of the Indian Ocean waters warm up to + 35 degrees.

Rice. 8. Physical map of the Indian Ocean ()

Arctic- the most northern region, winter and summer covered with a thick layer of ice and snow. At North Pole there is a fourth ocean, almost its entire surface is covered with thick hard ice, and around many meters of snowdrifts. That's why this ocean was named Arctic.

Rice. 9. Physical map of the Arctic Ocean

Relatively recently, scientific oceanographers began to distinguish the fifth, South ocean.

Rice. 10. Physical map of Antarctica ()

Previously, this ocean was considered as the southern parts of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific oceans. All the oceans together: Pacific, Indian, Atlantic, Arctic and Southern - merge together into a single world Ocean, which washes the entire globe.

On the globe, green, yellow, brown and white colors depict large areas of land, which are called continents. On the ground six continents: Eurasia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica, North America, South America.

Eurasia- the largest continent, within its limits lie two parts of the world: Europe and Asia.

Rice. 11. Physical map of Eurasia ()

It is the only continent on Earth washed by four oceans: the Arctic in the north, the Indian in the south, the Atlantic in the west and the Pacific in the east. On this continent is our homeland Russia.

Rice. 12. Russia on the map of Eurasia ()

The surface of the mainland is very diverse. Mountains and plains are the main forms of the earth's surface. Brown color indicates the location of the mountains, and green and yellow indicate the plains. The largest of them West Siberian (flat plain), Eastern European(hilly plain).

Rice. 13. West Siberian Plain ()

Rice. 14. Physical map of the East European Plain ()

Rough blue lines drawn along the surface of the continents indicate rivers on the globe. Rivers flow through the East European Plain Volga, Don, Dnieper, on West Siberian river flowing in the plain Ob. Mountains rise above the surface of the plains. The higher the mountains, the darker their color on the globe. Himalayas are the highest mountains in the world.

Rice. 15. Himalaya mountains ()

Jamalungma (Everest)- the highest mountain in the world (8 km 708 m).

Rice. 16. Mount Jamalungma ()

Located in Eurasia Baikal- deepest lake

Rice. 17. Lake Baikal ()

The largest lake

Rice. 18. Caspian Sea ()

the largest peninsula Arabian,

Rice. 19. Coast of the Arabian Peninsula ()

the most low point sushi in the world is a hollow Dead Sea.

Rice. 20. Dead Sea ()

Rice. 21. Pole of cold Oymyakon ()

Africa- This is the second largest continent, which is located on both sides of the equator, washed by the Atlantic Ocean from the west and the Indian Ocean from the east and south.

Rice. 22. Physical map of Africa ()

Africa is known for the diversity of nature: impenetrable rainforests with orchids,

Rice. 23. Rainforest ()

grassy plains with baobabs (huge trees up to forty meters in circumference),

vast expanses of deserts.

Rice. 25. Desert in Africa ()

Africa is the hottest continent on the planet. Here it is Sahara Desert.

Rice. 26. Sahara Desert ()

This is the largest desert in the world and the hottest place on Earth (the maximum recorded temperature is +58 degrees). On this mainland flows Nile is the second longest river in the world.

Rice. 27. River Nile ()

Volcano kilimanjaro- the most high point Africa.

Rice. 28. Mount Kilimanjaro ()

Victoria, Tanganyika, Chad - largest lakes on this mainland.

Rice. 29. Lake Victoria ()

Rice. 30. Lake Tanganyika ()

Rice. 31. Lake Chad ()

In the Western Hemisphere are North America and South America, they are washed from the west by the Pacific Ocean, from the east by the Atlantic, and North America is also washed by the North Arctic Ocean from North.

Rice. 32. Physical map of North America

Rice. 33. Physical map of South America

North America also includes the most large island on earth, it's called Greenland.

Rice. 34. Coast of Greenland ()

These continents are rich in both rivers and lakes. In North America, one of the greatest rivers peace Mississippi,

Rice. 35. Mississippi River ()

and in South America there is a river, the largest in the world in terms of fullness and length.

Rice. 36. Amazon ()

On the coast of North America is a bay fandi, which, in addition to its incredible beauty, is famous for the largest tides in the world, more than seventeen meters.

Rice. 37. Bay of Fundy ()

Just imagine, millions of tons of water come ashore in twelve hours and then move away from it. South America is home to the tallest waterfall in the world. Angel, his overall height 979 meters.

Rice. 38. Angel Falls ()

It seems as if it is shrouded in fog - it is a curtain of tiny particles of water that is sprayed, falling from such a great height. The most powerful waterfall in the world is located on the same mainland. Iguazu.

Rice. 39. Iguazu Falls ()

Although in fact it is a whole complex of 270 individual waterfalls, which has a width of about 2.7 km. The driest place in the world is located in South America - the desert Atacama.

Rice. 40. Atacama Desert ()

In some parts of this desert, rain falls once every few decades.

Australia- the fifth continent, which is smaller than all the others. The Pacific Ocean washes the north and east coast, Indian Ocean - western and southern.

Rice. 41. Physical map of Australia

Most of the mainland is occupied by deserts and semi-deserts, there are very few rivers, which is why Australia is considered the driest continent on Earth. Common here screams(English creek - rivulet) - rivers that exist only during the rainy season and completely dry up on most of the year.

Target: study the map of the hemispheres.
Tasks:

• Educational: Introduce the concepts of "continent", "ocean". Learn to show on the map all the continents and oceans.
• Developing: Develop cognitive interest speech, memory, thinking. Activate the emotional-sensual sphere of children, awaken their interest in their Earth, in its past.
• To form the ability to: perceive the problem; put forward a hypothesis; obtain information in the relevant literature, draw conclusions and generalizations.
• Expand your horizons, work on the development of speech.
• Educational: Cultivate love for native land, the feeling of the elbow of his friend ..

Lesson type: A lesson in mastering knowledge, skills, skills.

Lesson form: Individual-group.

Teaching methods: Verbal, visual, practical.

Equipment: Computer, map of the hemispheres, drawing of a hare and a Dolphin, multi-level cards, globe, plasticine models of the Earth, slides, schematic diagrams on the map. cards for modeling the Earth, a map of the ancient continent of Pangea, a multimedia presentation, contour maps, cards with the outlines of the continents, "Journals".

Literature:
Textbook-notebook for the 2nd grade "Our planet Earth". Part 1 (Author team: A.A. Vakhrushev, O.V. Bursky, N.V. Ivanova, A.S. Rautian).
Textbook-atlas part 4.

During the classes

Organizing time.

Teacher: First we'll admire together profound knowledge- and for this we will conduct a blitz survey.

Updating of basic knowledge

Blitz poll.

1. What do we call space?
2. Name the heavenly bodies.
3. What is called a planet?
4. Name the 3rd planet in the solar system.
5. How can the earth be depicted?
6. What is a globe?
7. Where is the Earth's axis directed?

Group work

Children work on multi-level cards. Two students are at the computer.

With On the contour map designate.

Picture 1.

1. The line that divides the Earth into the northern and southern hemispheres in red..
2. In blue, mark the lines going from pole to pole.
3. Yellow lines are lines parallel to the equator.
4. White - designate the poles.

AT On plasticine models of the Earth, mark with threads

1. Equator in red.
2. Mark the meridians with blue threads.
3. Yellow are parallels.
4. Mark the poles with white paper.
5. Attach correctly to the stand.

BUT Simulate a model of the Earth on the screen. (2 students work on a computer)

1. Equator in red.
2. Mark the meridians in blue.
3. Parallels in yellow.
4. Color the poles in grey.
5. designate pink tropics.
6. Mark the polar circle in black.

The check is carried out in the form of a blitz survey.

1. What is the equator?
2. Name the heat zones.
3. Why are these belts different on Earth?
4. What is the name of the cold southern zone?
5. What is the northern cold belt called?
6. Name the line on the globe that defines the cold zone.
7. Name the line that limits the hot zone.
8. What are meridians?
9. What are parallels?
10. What are parallels and meridians for?

Repetition of homework.

Teacher: The surface of the Earth is not flat: it has high mountains and deep depressions. But all these irregularities are not visible on the globe and map. What will help us to read the image on the globe and map?

Individual survey.

Teacher: Tell me, what do they mean in blue? And brown? What is green and yellow for?

The game "Name the symbols on the map."

Figure 2.

Checking practical homework.

Teacher: At home, you fashioned a plot from plasticine fairyland with mountains and plains, river and lake. You had to map it.

Teacher: Remind me, what is a CARD? Let's see what cards you made.

One student shows the compiled map, and the other student, not seeing the model, tells what is shown. Then they compare the story with a model.

Study of new topic. Formulation of the problem.

Updating of basic knowledge.

(On the board is a drawing of a puppy and a dolphin, a map of the hemispheres).

Figure 3

Teacher: Today a puppy and a dolphin came to our lesson. They want to travel around the world. Who are travelers?
Children: Travelers are people who travel.
Teacher: But the puppy can't swim well, and the baby dolphin can't move on land. What will they need to solve this problem?
Children: The map with which they will travel.

Teacher: That's right, for world travel they need a map. And what card?

Children: Hemispheric map.
Teacher: What is a hemisphere?
Children: This is half a ball.
Teacher: And what lines on the map divide the Earth into two hemispheres?
Children: This is the equator, which divides into north and Southern Hemisphere, as well as the zero meridian - to the eastern and western hemispheres.
Teacher: Which hemisphere map will help us today?
Children: Map of the Western and Eastern hemispheres.
Teacher: Correctly.
Teacher: We will go on a journey with our friends. What transport will we choose for the trip? Look at the map?

(Children confer.)

Children: It seems to us that it will be a ship, because. almost all space is occupied by water.

Formulation of the problem.

Teacher: In any swimming it is customary to lead logbook. There is information about what happened on the road or about what happened on the way. You have your logbooks.
Teacher: We will move west, starting from the Western Hemisphere.
Teacher: So, happy sailing!

Logbook.

Teacher: Reports the 1st direction (Northern).
Children: We have discovered the Atlantic Ocean, North America, the Pacific Ocean, Eurasia, the Indian Ocean, Africa.
The teacher writes on the blackboard.
Teacher: Reports 2nd direction (South):
Children: We have discovered the Atlantic Ocean, South America, the Pacific Ocean, Australia, the Indian Ocean, Africa
Teacher: What two groups can these objects be divided into and why?
Children: Land and water.

Teacher: Guys! What color is more?
Children: Blue.
Teacher: If you quickly rotate the globe, it will seem that it is blue. And all because this paint on it is the most, more than white, green, brown. What do the areas of water you see have in common?
Children: These are huge expanses of water, stretching from one piece of land to another.

Work with the textbook.
Open the textbook on page 77, check your assumptions.
Teacher:
Children: Oceans. I post the title.
Teacher: Have they been the subject of our discussion before?
Children: No.

Atlas work.
Teacher: Read the name of the oceans from the atlas. How many?
Children: Four.
Teacher: What ocean is missing on our board? Label the names of the oceans on your maps (children sign).

Checking group work.
The teacher shows the oceans on the map, the students call it in chorus.
Appendix 5

Teacher: Describe the areas of land you have seen. What do they have in common?
Children: These are huge areas of land that are surrounded on all sides by water.
Teacher: Which common name they have?
(Children are confused).
Teacher: What do you think the lesson will be about?
Children: We will get acquainted with the name of land and water areas, learn how to find them on the map.

Introduction to the continents.
Teacher: What do you guys think, what would such land areas be called?
(Children offer their names)
Teacher: Let's compare your proposals with the textbook material p.77
Children are reading. Huge areas of land surrounded by water are called continents. There are six continents in total.
Teacher: I replace the word land with the mainland.
Teacher: Have we met all the continents?
Children: No, we haven't met Antarctica(put on the board).

Show multimedia presentation.
The teacher's imposition of the outlines of the continents on the map (each continent has its own color and symbol)
Africa is the hottest continent; (yellow with sun).
The second largest continent is Africa, which is located in the Eastern Hemisphere. (The teacher shows the mainland - Africa). Its name comes from a militant people from the Avrig or African tribes.
Australia is the driest continent (brown with kangaroo). Most small mainland– Australia. Mainland kangaroo and bingo dogs. It is located in the Southern Hemisphere.
Antarctica is the coldest continent (white with a snowflake). The most powerful glacier, our Elbrus, can be hidden under this glacier. The fifth continent - Antarctica - is the only continent on globe where there are no permanent residents. Descended from Greek name constellations Ursa Major"Arktos".
South America is the wettest continent; (green with cloud and rain).
North America is the most developed continent; (gray with high-rise building).
Look at Western hemisphere, in which there are 2 continents - North and South America. Here lived a golden tribe of Indians who called themselves "America".
Eurasia is the largest continent (multi-colored with a boy and a girl).
Appendix 6

Teacher: The largest continent is called Eurasia. What hemisphere is it in?
Children: In the east.
Teacher: North or south of the equator?
Children: To North.
Teacher: Correctly. And on this big mainland our homeland is located the Russian Federation. (The teacher shows the borders of the Russian Federation).
(Performance of the inscription of the continents by students on the contour map).

Testing and consolidation of knowledge.
Teacher: I show the mainland on the board.
The children call him in chorus. One student shows the same continent on the map.

Heading "It's interesting."
Teacher: Let's try to look into the deserted world 200 million years ago. What happened to the earth? Once upon a time, instead of the current six continents, there was only one on our planet. Scientists call it "Pangaea", which means "the whole earth" in Greek. A single continent was washed by a single ocean. Then, thanks to the movement earth's crust, Pangea gave several cracks and parts of a single whole - the future of America, Africa, Eurasia, Australia - began to spread into different sides. Seas and oceans appeared between the continents - the World Ocean.

Figure 4

Group work.

Teacher: Attention travelers! What oceans are washed Australia? ( 1 group)
Africa?(Group 2)
Eurasia?(group 3)
North America?(Group 4)
- Who's ready? name and show.

Group work with cards. The game "Pilot and navigator"

Determine the routes of future expeditions.

Figure 5

Children, working in pairs, label the oceans and continents that they meet on the route of their future expeditions. After completing the work, they exchange the work with the couple in their group and evaluate the work.

Determine the path by geographical coordinates on the map of the hemispheres.

One pair of students work at the table, and the other at the blackboard, marking the points with flags.

The results of the work are compared in their groups.

Summary of the lesson.

Teacher: What new did you learn in the lesson?
-Where is knowledge useful? Will our friends now, knowing the map of the hemispheres, be able to travel around the world?

The teacher reads a poem by Y. Akim "Planet House".

There is one garden planet
In this cold space
Only here the forests are noisy,
Birds, calling migratory,
Only on it one bloom
lilies of the valley in green grass,
And dragonflies are only here
They look into the river in surprise.
Take care of your planet
After all, there is no other like it.

Homework:

Solve the crossword on page 78, find interesting information about continents and oceans.

The physical map of the world allows you to see the relief of the earth's surface and the location of the main continents. A physical map gives a general idea of ​​the location of the seas, oceans, complex terrain and elevation changes in various parts of the planet. On the physical map of the world, you can clearly see the mountains, plains and systems of ridges and highlands. What is the surface of the earth? The concept of the surface has the same meaning as the concept of the geographic shell and the concept of the biosphere proposed by geochemists ... Prior to this, connections between the peoples of both hemispheres existed mainly only in the northern part of the Pacific Ocean.

Measuring distances on a globe

This is the real trouble. Some cannot buy because their parents have no money for textbooks, others cannot buy because their small town The store does not have the required textbook. And it happens, on the contrary: there are so many textbooks that it is hard to carry them all to school every day, especially when the school is far away. Or, for example, mixed up the schedule and the right textbook left at home. In all these cases, of course, the Internet can help.

The coordinates of any place on the earth's surface can be determined by a globe or a map. Conversely, knowing the coordinates geographical feature, you can find its place on a map or globe.

At the same distance from the poles, a circle is drawn around the globe, which is called the Equator.

Lines of the tropics and polar circles

The Eastern Hemisphere includes most of Africa, about half of Antarctica, all of Asia, Australia and Oceania, and most of Europe. There are exceptions when some continents (countries on these continents) located in the region of the equator and the Prime Meridian are part of both hemispheres.

Twice a year, on March 21 and September 23, the Sun's rays fall vertically down over the equator and uniformly illuminate the Earth from pole to pole.

On globes and maps, also conditional lines poles, equator, tropics and arctic circles.

On the map you can see all the continents, seas and oceans that exist on the planet, and you can see two hemispheres at once. And on a plane, you can depict the Earth either on a map, or with the help of hemispheres. On the map of the hemispheres, you can find out the location of the most high places on the planet and the location of the lowlands, you can determine geographical coordinates straits and bays. On the map of the hemispheres, you can find out the size of the continents relative to each other. It is better to learn the colors of the map, because it is the color that highlights the land areas that are at different heights. The hemisphere map gives a general idea of geographical features our planet.

Considering physical map hemispheres, first of all, let's pay attention to degree grid. It is known to be formed by meridians and parallels. Parallels, unlike meridians, are all different from each other. The farther from the pole, the longer they will be. The largest parallel is the equator - the line is equidistant from the poles. On other parallels, the distance on the ground, which corresponds to 1 ° on the map, decreases in the direction from the equator to the poles.

If you take a map of the hemispheres and a globe, the first thing that catches your eye is the different outlines of the continents. They will differ (slightly near the equator and extremely much closer to the poles). Both the map and the globe are used for orientation - determining coordinates, location, landscape features.