How can parents help their children find books that are neither too hard nor too easy, but just right? Teaching children to read can take place both in the process of reading aloud, and in joint reading, during which you will help your child, explain to him the essence of what is happening, and also talk about the meaning individual words. Children love to read books, but you need to help them choose the right literature for their age. How to do it? Here are a few useful tips, which can be used both in the case of reading aloud, and in joint reading. If a we are talking about the second option, then you can use the five-finger rule, which will be discussed later, not for yourself, but for the child. The same applies to the questions that you will need to ask: you can ask them not to yourself, but to the child, if he has a desire to try to read on his own.

five finger rule

1. Choose a book that you would like too.
2. Read the second page.
3. Count each word that would be difficult for you to explain to your child, that is, those that you do not know or are not sure about. At the same time, on each such word, bend the finger of one hand.
4. If there are five or more of these words on one page, you should choose another book.

If you still think a book might be right for your child, try using this rule on a few pages to make sure.

Choose the book that suits you

First of all, when choosing a book to read to a child, you need to focus on yourself. You want to be a role model for your baby, so it's always a good idea to check everything for yourself, including the books you want to read to your child. Therefore, you need to make sure that a particular book is the most suitable for you. How to do it? Now you will know about it. You need to read two or three pages of this book and then ask yourself some questions.

Will it be a light and fun book that is a pleasure to read?

First question: Do I understand what I'm reading? It is very important to answer it, because it will depend on whether your child will understand the essence of the book, and also whether you will be able to explain everything to him if he has problems with understanding.

Second question: do I know almost every word? It is also very important question, since the child may have difficulties not only with understanding the essence of what is happening in the book, but also with the meaning of individual words. Remember that your child learns as he reads, so you need to be able to explain every word he has trouble with.

The third question is: when I read aloud, can I do it well? You should listen to yourself in advance before you start reading the book directly to your child to understand how good your reading sounds. Practice in a way that your child enjoys listening to, however each book is different and some may not be suitable for reading aloud. So choose the ones that will sound the best.

And the fourth question: do I think that this topic will interest me? The fact is that it is necessary to combine business with pleasure, and if the book you have chosen does not arouse your interest, then you should refuse it, even if you think that it will be very useful for the child. There are millions of books in the world, so you will always have plenty to choose from. If all or most you answered yes to these questions, then the selected book will be ideal option for you and your child.

Will this book be too difficult for me?

Separately, you should ask yourself whether a particular book will be too difficult for you. After all, if this is so, then for a child it will generally become unbearable. How to check it? Again, you need to answer a few questions.

First question: Are there five or more words on one page of this book that I don't understand? This has already been discussed above: if there are too many unknowns or difficult words, then you will not be able to explain them to your child, which eliminates the benefits of reading.

The second question is: is this book difficult to understand? Does she cause confusion? This question is at the core of the entire book. If you cannot catch the general meaning, follow all the turns of the story, then you should also refuse to read such a book, since your child will be interested in the plot, and you will not be able to clarify the situation.

Third question: When I read a book out loud, do I stumble? Am I reading too slowly? If you answered yes to this and at least one of the two previous questions, then the selected book will be too difficult for a child to read. You should wait before you start reading this book with your child.

What if the child cannot understand the word?

If your child is having difficulty understanding a word that you have read to him or that he is trying to read himself, here is what to say to him:

• Can you pronounce it?
• Show him.
• Which sound is first and which is last? What word do they fit?
• Is there anything in this word that you can learn from other words?
• Where does the word begin?
• Which word beginning with these sounds would make sense here?
• Swipe your finger under the word as you pronounce it.

These instructions will help the child quickly deal with an unknown and incomprehensible word to him, as well as master it and use it to understand further constructions.

What to do if a child wants to read a book that is too difficult?

Sometimes situations may arise when your child will feel like reading a book that is not suitable for him. You should not allow him to do this, because the experience gained in the process may turn out to be sharply negative, and this will push the child away from reading. Here is what you need to say to him in this case:

• Let's read this book together.
• This is a book that you will enjoy much more if you put off reading it until next year.
• When people read books that are too difficult for them, they often skip important points. You will enjoy this book more if you wait until you can read it with ease.

Municipal Preschool educational institution

« Kindergarten No. 1 v. Vokhma "

Vokhomsky municipal district Kostroma region

Advice for parents

"Reading to Children, Reading to Children"

Prepared

Shadrina Irina Vasilievna

"The fate of the child depends on

what kind of grown-up people surround him"

M.K. Bogolyubskaya

Children's literature is the richest fund of domestic and foreign poems, fairy tales, short stories and novellas, designed for different age groups. Often on the end page of the book you can find a note "for parents to read to children", "for school age"," for primary school age. However, at present, this segment of the market has greatly expanded: new authors, new works have appeared, books loved by parents since childhood have been reprinted. It is very difficult to understand all this abundance, because you need not only to find interesting book, but also to understand how it will be available to the child.

children's interest to a book at first completely depends on adults, on their ability to choose a book, read it aloud, talk about it.

Probably the most main way is reading aloud.

The duration and, so to speak, the "amount of reading" depends on the age and individual features child, from the complexity of the book, from emotional mood baby at that moment and, of course, on your reading ability. But in any case, one main rule must be observed: reading a book should be a holiday for a child. Not casual entertainment, not just the acquisition of information, but a holiday, and great joy.

Reading aloud is not easy . And the difficulty here is not even so much in the ability to make the necessary pauses and divide the text into semantic pieces. It is much more important to understand and feel the author's style, to understand main idea works. And this will already prompt the necessary intonation, help to find emotional contact between the writer, the reading adult and the little listener.

There are children's books that need to be re-read several times. Sometimes this happens by itself: the child is very fond of the book, he asks to read it again and again. Sometimes this is due to the importance and necessity of the book, its deep and serious content. But in both cases, it is necessary to observe the measure. One book should not overshadow all others.

Preschoolers do not have to read only those books that can be read at a time. Children can also read voluminous books, even those with several hundred pages. There are also such books for kids, for example, for everyone famous book English writer A. Milne "Winnie the Pooh and all-all-all." Of course, reading big book will stretch for long time and the way of this reading must be special. It is necessary to read in small pieces, so that one adventure ends and the next begins, so that the children do not lose interest in the antics of the funny Winnie the Pooh. The book allows you to do this.

You need to try to make the child become like full member fabulous company, got used to the heroes of this fairy tale. Maybe a teddy bear, which until then just lay in a toy box, will help with this. Now call him Winnie the Pooh. Maybe there will be in the toys of the baby and all the friends of Winnie the Pooh, and a wonderful forest can be drawn or made from twigs, cubes, just from chairs. The child will look forward to continuing reading with great impatience and will remember everything that was read earlier, especially if you play and sing cheerful grumblings, noisemakers and puffers - songs of a teddy bear:

I am Cloud, Cloud, Cloud,

Not a bear at all

Oh, how nice Cloud

Fly across the sky!

The kid will love Winnie the Pooh and will be happy to listen to this book for at least a whole year.

In general, you should always try to read to the baby "for a reason." Look at the illustrations together and talk about them. Remember similar, living, life situations- and talk about them again. Invent continuations of stories or imagine yourself in place actors, i.e. in every possible way to stimulate and awaken children's activity, children's creative imagination.

Talk about books, of course, must have and purely pedagogical orientation. How did the child remember the content of the story? How did you understand it? Will he be able to coherently retell, answer questions?

If he can, then try to invite him to dream up: compose a continuation of the story or your own story, a fairy tale. So reading will contribute to the development of memory, coherent speech, logical thinking.

Reading books to kids is very interesting. And here an adult can show all his talents and skills. Let's dream up what opportunities are fraught with, for example, the well-known Russian folk tale"Three Bears" in the processing of L. N. Tolstoy.

This tale is short, it can be read in ten minutes. Read - and all. And if you stage this fairy tale in a home puppet or shadow theater? Well, let's try. First, you need to assign responsibilities. Let dad or older brother become the main director and director; mother together with grandmother, sister and baby - dressers; let grandfather prepare the screen and decorations. And every child has dolls and a bear.

Learning the play is not difficult. Both adults and young participants in the performance will quickly learn the words of their role and will enthusiastically ask: “Who was sitting on my chair and broke it ?!”

If all this seems too difficult, you can stage a fairy tale without puppets. Come up with some characteristic piece of clothing for each performer (a jacket and a scarf for Nastasya Petrovna, a hat and jacket for Mikhail Ivanovich) and play the play right in the room, without a stage or scenery, or just read it while sitting at the table.

You can get acquainted with the fairy tale "Three Bears" in another way. First read it, and then fashion all the characters from plasticine, make it from potatoes, cones, shreds and sticks.

These examples show how you can read books to kids, read in such a way as to arouse in them the desire not to part with the characters, to continue the action of the book so that book heroes not only remembered, but also loved, so that the kid would take them into his game.

special attention deserve poems that are so close to children. Sometimes it seems that the very rhythm of children's movement, thinking, beating is expressed in the rhythm of the verse. baby heart. This is probably why little guys can memorize so easily, effortlessly poetic lines. It happens to them as if involuntarily. But adults must intervene here too, carefully and persistently select the best examples of children's poetry for the child, make sure that the circle of the child's poetic affections expands with age. The range here is huge. From the poetic alphabet, which will help the child learn the alphabet in a fun and imperceptible way, to long plot poetic tales and literary classics.

An adult who reads a book to a child, an adult who simply chooses this book for a child, inevitably becomes a "co-author" of the writer and artist, a successor to their pedagogical and artistic ideas.

An adult, something necessary connecting link, which connects the new, newly emerged life of the baby with the endless world of creativity, the world of the book.And the importance of this connection cannot be overestimated.

The answer to the question "when to read books to a child" is two-sided. First, than earlier child get acquainted with the book, the faster he will love it. But on the other hand, how can a six-month-old child understand something. Therefore, the beginning of reading is a purely individual process. Is it worth rushing this process? Why not! After all, there are books for the little ones, in which there are a lot of funny pictures and just a couple of words. Remember that the book helps to develop speech skills faster. Experts recommend that children read books in their native and understandable language. Statistics say that children of the 21st century began to talk six months later than our mothers and grandmothers. Perhaps the reason for all this is the low attention to reading books?

Reading carefully helps a lot. Remember that you need to read slowly so that the child captures the essence and follows the plot. You may have to reread the text several times. After reading the text, it would be nice to discuss the plot with the baby, ask him to retell the text, or even play a small scene or performance.

Before reading, it is very important to set the child up for a serious moment. To do this, you can invite the baby to close his eyes and imagine that now he will go to fairyland, where he learns a lot of interesting and useful things. Make sure the young listener is comfortable.

Never force a child to read, if he says "no", then he will not listen to you carefully, and this will not bring any benefit. Wait until he asks you to read to him.

You need to read slowly so that your words become a pleasant and long-awaited stream of words. If you know the plot of this fairy tale or story by heart, periodically take your eyes off the book and look at the child. After each story or fairy tale, do not forget to ask the children for their opinion about what they have read. If the child begins to be distracted and spin, you need to give him the opportunity to rest a little.

When a child begins to invent something of his own, do not scold him or correct him. Give him some space to let his imagination run wild.

Most often, parents start reading books with their three-year-old children. Know that at the age of three, a child already knows the purpose of objects. The most important thing for him is the game, he lives in it, likes to change something and rearrange it. That is why it is worth choosing fairy tales and stories in which the opposite is true, for example, fables. Why do babies often need interesting communication with adults, so you need great attention to read about nature, fiction, perhaps even materials from children's encyclopedias. AT readable texts good and evil must compete so that the child begins to understand what is good and what is bad.

The child always strives to inherit adults in everything. Pay attention to those books in which there are independent children, for example, Prostokvashino. At 4 years old, children have a certain need for scientific facts. They are very interested in what, how and why works. In such cases, books by such authors as D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, V. Skryabitsky and others will suit you. As many adults know, a child is a creature that spends almost all of its time in motion. Therefore, he will be very interested in books with abrupt changes in plots and events. (K. Chukovsky)

By the age of 4, the child is occupied with stories that are supposedly told on behalf of one person. Very often the baby looks up to him. Also, tongue twisters and rhymes where a play on words takes place are no less useful at this age. Your child's main activity is play. In it, you can invent anything, without limiting your imagination. Therefore, fairy tales will be very relevant, where events are greatly embellished, for example, "The Three Little Pigs", "Puss in Boots".

For junior preschool age it will be useful to read books with goodies. It can be myths, legends, epics. Preference is best given to such authors as V. Kuhn and A. N. Afanas'eva. It will not be superfluous to familiarize children with texts on moral and ethical topics. In these texts there is often a conflict between the characters, it tells about what is good and what is bad, what is friendship, etc., stories about Kuzya, Uncle Fyodor, etc. will become interesting. At this age, children begin to understand jokes and humorous stories and story.

Need to know simple truth, which is not so important when you start reading. It is important that you lead your child by example.

Dear parents! For a child, it is not so important how much time a day you devote to him. What matters is how you do it. Do you manage to tune in to the child's wave, hear him, see him, be sincere and really interact, or do you perform your parental functions automatically.

I recommend you a list of books. Joint reading and subsequent discussion will make your communication even more fulfilling and varied. I will try to replenish the list, share with you new products and just my discoveries. All the best to you!

We read with children from 2 to 7 years old:

1. Wright, Oliver: Jump-Hop Rabbit and his funny face

Sometimes in our lives things don't turn out the way we want them to. We think it's best not to show our disappointment to our friends, and we keep that feeling to ourselves. But sooner or later it still breaks out. For example, in the Jump-Skok rabbit, even the ears turned red from the inside. But gradually he learned to deal with his anger. N. Wright and G. Oliver invite you to follow the example of our hero.

2 Norbert Landa: Monster Hunt

Early in the morning, the goose was awakened by ominous sounds coming from under the bed. The goose could not understand what it was, and was afraid to look under the bed. Little whether that there! How about a monster? Friends come to the aid of the goose - Piglet, Bear, Wolf and Owl. Together they manage to unravel the mystery of the "terrible monster". For preschool age. For children 3-5 years old.

3. Peter Nickl: True story about the good wolf

"The True Story of the Good Wolf" written by the German philosopher-anthropologist Peter Nikl is a beautiful and wise tale about how, due to stupid prejudices and established stereotypes, it is sometimes difficult for us to distinguish good from bad, good from evil, especially if evil looks so attractive and sounds so convincing that you want to believe it without looking back. But, as in any fairy tale, good here, of course, wins and presents us with important lesson: be able to see and think with your head.
Josef Wilkon (b. 1930) is a Polish painter and sculptor of world renown. His works are kept in museums and private collections around the world. However, Wilcon is known to the general public primarily as a book illustrator who has created more than 200 books for children and adults, published in many languages.
His illustrations have a special, unique character and seem to go beyond two-dimensional, flat space, creating miracles. Vilkon is able to convey not only images, but also sensations. Drawn by him loose, fresh snow- it smells of snow and you want to touch it. A hand reaches out to the painted animals to stroke the skin. Vilkon even knows how to draw the wind - a cold, winter piercing wind that blows from the pages and makes you shiver.
In Russia, books with illustrations by Josef Vilkon are published for the first time: these are "The True Story of the Good Wolf" and "The Story of Rosalind the Cat, unlike the others." Both - in the publishing house "Melik-Pashayev". For children 3-6 years old.

4. Caryl Hart: Princess and Gifts

What awaits you under the cover: Preventive funny fairy tale for spoiled princesses (as well as princes). There are more spoiled princesses like ours to look for. And certainly other princesses do not get so many wonderful things on their birthdays. But you know what? Sometimes even princesses have too many gifts. And then every princess, even the most capricious and greedy, suddenly understands: but things are not the most important thing in life! Bright and colorful illustrations. Recommended age: 3-7 years old.

5. Ekaterina Serova: A Tale of Fear

Once Fear came to the forest, and the little mouse decided to go on a journey to find someone who will teach animals and birds not to be afraid ... A fairy tale in verse, written by Ekaterina Serova, will tell children that victory over fear is one of the biggest and most important in life ! And the expressive, filled with tenderness and kindness illustrations by Platon Shvets will appeal to even the most demanding young readers and will give many joyful minutes of communication with the book.

6. Levi Pinfold: Black Dog.

Have you ever heard the legend of the Black Dog? They say that from just looking at this monster, terrible things begin to happen in life ... No one would reproach the English family by the name of Hope, when, when they saw the Black Dog near the door of their house, they all got a little scared. This story is about fear. About fearlessness. About how we look at the world.

7. Bedtime stories

We invite you to wonderful world fairy tales translated by the wonderful poet and translator Grigory Kruzhkov. You will find here five touching and funny stories about love, kindness and friendship, which you will be happy to read to your baby at night. Go to the African desert with Roble the gerbil and to the magical garden with Nanuka, help Owl find true friend, and baby Ted - to cope with his fears, and then fall asleep sweetly! For adults to read to children.

8. Nilson, Erickson: Alone on stage

My younger brother thinks I sing the best. But I don't want to sing in front of an audience for anything in the world. Spotlights shine directly into the eyes. I'm terribly shy. I cling tightly to the teacher ... Go on stage? One? A real nightmare!
Ulf Nilsson and Eva Erikson - the legendary Swedish tandem of laureates International Prize named after Astrid Lindgren - with understanding and humor, they deal with another fear familiar to everyone since childhood - stage fright.

9. David McKee: Elmer on stilts

Trouble! The hunters are in the woods! Elephants are worried: what to do? Elmer, the checkered elephant, figures out how to trick the villains. But life doesn't always go according to plan...
Inside the book you will find a sheet of stickers that you can use in Elmer's Art Book.

10. Tomi Ungerer: Three Thieves

The story of the three thieves is one of the most popular stories of Tommy Ungerer, writer and consummate master illustrations. His works have long been attributed to the classics of children's literature, and the author is put on a par with such great storytellers as Hans Christian Andersen and the Brothers Grimm.
Picture book by Tommy Ungerer, a living classic modern illustration, winner of the Andersen Prize (1988), about three ferocious robbers who unexpectedly began to help orphaned children. For preschool children.

11. Steve Smallman: The Story of the Sheep Who Came to Lunch with the Wolf
One day, a little sheep knocked at the house of a hungry, hungry wolf. The wolf did not believe his luck - he had dreamed of tasting meat stew for so long, and now, finally, the "stew" itself came right into his paws! But the lamb was trembling so much that the wolf had to warm it up first (he hated frozen foods). Then the sheep began to hiccup and the wolf calmed her for a long time (he was afraid that hiccups were contagious and that eating a hiccuping sheep would make him feel bad). In a word, one after another, the wolf himself did not notice how, while preparing the sheep “for dinner”, he was imbued with tenderness for her and could no longer take it and eat it so easily.
A touching story about the birth of friendship and love, written by the Briton Steve Smallman and illustrated by the young French artist Joel Dreydemy. For preschool age. For children 3-5 years old.

12. Lenin Thierry"I should"

An unborn child observes from his fabulous island the world in which he will live. A pure soul sees a lot of injustice and understands: it should not be so. We should live differently. With the power of imagination, the kid turns guns into perches for birds and pipes for shepherds - so that there is no war, fills the rivers with milk and water - so that there are no starving people. He wants to divide bread, land and money among all people so that everyone lives in abundance. A touching, very affectionate story will tell young readers that it is in our power to change the world by doing a good deed. You just have to want. For children 3-7 years old.

13. Maria Kutovaya "Tales from tears", "Tales of great battles, sneaks and greedy people"

Children grow up, communicate with each other and adults, learn the world and ... sometimes they behave in such a way that moms and dads, grandparents are surprised, indignant and angry! How, without notations and moralizing, without scolding, to let children understand what is “good” and what is “bad”? How to unobtrusively teach the rules by which the world around us lives? How to tactfully suggest a way out of difficult situations?
In the new book by M. S. Kutova, together with the children, you will find answers to these and many other questions.

14. Annie M.G. Schmidt "Sasha and Masha"

In the country of Holland there is not a single mother, not a single father, not a single boy and not a single girl who would not know and did not love funny and interesting stories about Sasha and Masha. Only in Holland these children are called Yip and Janeke... Difficult names, right? Therefore, we decided that in Russia they would be called Sasha and Masha. This book was written by Annie M. G. Schmidt. The most famous Dutch writer. She wrote a lot different stories and fairy tales, and even received the most main prize of all children's writers in the world - named after Hans Christian Andersen.
For children of primary school age.

15. S. Prokofieva "The Capricious and the Evil One"(3-5 years)

In this book you will find kind and instructive fairy tales for very young children. They learn how good it is to be kind and caring, how great it is to have many friends, and what whims and hooliganism lead to.

16. Ludmila Petranovskaya "What to do, if…"(5-7 years old)

A well-known child psychologist in a fun way will tell your child how to act correctly in difficult situations, which he encounters at every turn, and colorful funny pictures will help him overcome fear and avoid danger.

17. Eleanor Porter "Pollyanna"(from 7 years old)

An amazing story of an orphan girl (who, out of a “sense of duty”, was taken in by a stern aunt), whose ability to enjoy life under any circumstances, to see in everything better side She helps not only herself, but also the people around her. Almost detective plot twists, the psychological accuracy with which the author creates images - all this has invariably attracted the attention of readers to the book for several generations.

18. Natalia Kedrova "ABC of emotions"(younger students and teenagers)

Book child psychologist and Gestalt therapist Natalia Kedrova is addressed to junior schoolchildren and teenagers who want to know more about how their experiences work, how to understand themselves and other people in joy, grief, resentment or envy, how respect or pride is experienced. The book can be read in its entirety or in small parts, re-reading important places. This will help you get to know your feelings better and learn how to deal with them wisely. The book will be interesting not only for children, but also for adults, because they also need to understand the experiences of children and understand their feelings.

19. Doris Burt "Once upon a time there was a girl like you"

What to say to a child who is afraid of the dark? Or a little ambitious person who refuses to do something that he immediately does not do well? Or someone who gets teased at school? Or survivors of their parents' divorce? In the book of the Australian child psychologist D. Brett, the reader will find a whole scattering of examples, recipes and recommendations for these and many other problematic situations.

While the parents themselves read to children, no such question arises. The main requirement is that the book is interesting for the child and appropriate for his age.

Once child begins to read independently, change dramatically. It is necessary to pay attention not only to age compliance, but also to the quality of the execution of the book and the style of writing. By the way, the writing style greatly affects the child's interest in the book and reading in general.

Despite the fact that today's children are very advanced in some matters, they often begin to read much earlier than their parents, but they still remain children and the child's brain develops according to the same laws as 30-40 years ago. And this means that books to read should be written specifically for children. And not only for children, namely for independent reading child. What is the difference?

Let's take just one sentence from all of us famous fairy tale for kids:

“The young queen put her spinning wheel close to the window, opened the frame of black, very expensive wood - after all, royals are not made window frames from whatever!” (Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Brothers Grimm)

Do you think a 6-year-old child who is only able to read and understand this 25-word sentence? Let's start with the fact that a well-read first grader reads 25 words per minute. This means that the child will read this sentence for more than a minute. Besides, complex turnovers in a sentence, clarifications do not contribute to a better understanding of the text. But we need the child not only to read mechanically, but also to understand what he is reading about.

So, such fairy tales can only be read with parents. An adult reads the entire text, explains as he reads incomprehensible words, and the child is invited to read a short sentence of 3-4 words. The child has the impression of complicity in reading. When we read to children like this, the child thinks that he is reading a book, and mom or dad only helps. So, it gives the child great pleasure and gives a reason to be proud of their success.

Let's open a children's story book and see what we can see there.

“But Marina has already opened the door. There was a policeman at the door. Shiny buttons and sparkled on it. Sasha got down on all fours and crawled under the sofa. (N. Nosov. "Sasha")

Have you noticed what simple sentences in this passage? And all the stories of N. Nosov are written in the same way. None complex structures and turnovers! Very readable sentences are easy to read and understand by children even when reading on their own.

Of course, not all stories are written this way. Just like not all fairy tales are difficult to understand and read.

I want to draw your attention to the fact that when choosing, you need to look not only at the external design, which is also important, but also at the structure and volume of sentences, and the style of writing the text.

If you, well there's plenty enough long sentences, more than 5-6 words, then such a book must be read together. The presence in the text of adjectives, participles, participles, rarely used words, author's words with shifted stress (often in poems), archaisms and dialects - everything that adorns speech, makes it much more difficult for a child to read and understand the text.

When reading a book with a child, an adult reads a large and difficult part of the text, and the child is asked to read 1-2 small sentences. And so, in turn, it is possible for a short time read enough big story or a fairy tale and the child will not get tired at all and will not lose interest in reading.

So in a simple way adults teach the child to read, help faster and easier learn to read and read with interest. And all this without tears and scandals, without coercion. You just need to say the magic phrase:

What do you think about this?