How to create the right mental attitude?

You should not keep a bad mood, for whatever reason it visits you. To begin with, look around - how many people who are many times, ten times harder than you!

There is such little parable: “A man fell to the very bottom, lies, cries - and suddenly someone knocked from below!” Look at your difficulties or problems objectively - whether they are far-fetched, whether you have "wound" yourself - especially if you are prone to a pessimistic mood.

Our psychological attitude is inseparable from what happens to us in life. We are accustomed to perceive success as a combination of fortunate circumstances, the result of long and hard work, the presence the right connections and much more. Yes, it's all true. But success is also a consequence of a deep faith in the favorable outcome of one's plans.

Cultivating the right psychological attitude for success is one of the tasks of our self-development. We must clearly realize that the mood is relatively long and stable. mental condition person.

To the extent that sensations of daily fluctuations corresponding to biorhythms are normal for us internal energy, the inflow and outflow of hormones, and even the huge energy decline that we call sleep - we have the right to consider periodic changes in mood as normal.

How could we imagine the essence of pleasure if we were not able to compare it with the opposite sensation. Or, how would we know we were happy if we weren't ever unhappy.

At the same time, our obsessive desire to find the boundless happiness inherent in all contemporary culture distorted real life. Such pursuit of happiness can lead straight to hell.

“When a thing, even a very good one, becomes one-sided and excludes the other side, the devil enters into it” © James Hollis

In the life of any person, there may be “ordinary” adversities or mood swings. Here you need to learn how to overcome them, with the help of the formation of a positive psychological attitude.

How to get a positive mental attitude?

A positive mental attitude is achieved in two steps:

Step one- get yourself out of a negative mood, at least for a while.

step two- start working on the problem, drawing up a plan to solve it.

Change your thoughts first

It is quite obvious that positively directed thoughts, such as “I will succeed!”, “Fate will smile at me!” etc. will help you much more than thoughts like: “I don’t think I can handle it”, “I don’t have enough money, connections, skills”, etc.

“Man is the product of his own thoughts. What he thinks, he becomes.” — Mahatma Gandhi

Watch your words

Compare the usual expressions: “Life is wonderful and amazing!”, “I have a lot creative plans!”, “We’ll break through” and the expressions: “Life is longing”, “Some are unlucky in life”, rude abuse. Which person do you think will reach the goal first?

Change Your Habits

A healthy lifestyle is a habit, careful planning is a habit, and hard work, self-development, purposefulness and many other qualities are also properly developed habits.

But there are other habits as well, such as sleeping before dinner, wasting time watching TV, talking on the phone for hours, doing poor quality work, etc. For the future: it is worth developing the habit of always thinking positively and not losing your good mood.

Stay away from complaining, pessimistic people - their mood can be contagious

Remember the "rule of five": you are the average of the five people you interact with the most.

Associate with happy and positive people, with those who share your aspirations, interests and dreams. Conversely, avoid the negative influence of pessimists who have lost faith in life.

your pastime

What are you doing in free time? What films do you watch? What books do you read? Where do you visit? What mood do you bring into your life? Everything we do, watch, read, listen - everything becomes a part of us and our reality. So be selective about what you fill your life with. Beauty makes our life even more beautiful and vice versa.

Map out a plan of action

Start developing a plan to address the causes that are troubling you in this moment. Write a step by step exit algorithm. negative situation and describe everything in as much detail as possible: what do you want to get rid of first, second, and so on.

Secrets of psychologists for the formation of a positive psychological attitude

The first secret is this: Call a smile purely mechanically. Awake in a state of smiling until you feel that it ceases to be mechanical and begins to be real.

It turns out that not only the brain controls the muscles, but also the muscles control the brain - they give signals of a good mood.

The second secret of psychologists is how to find a positive psychological attitude? You need to remember any good moment in your life when you felt truly joyful, happy, successful. Remember your state at that moment and do not let it go, feel it, enter it and experience it again.

Positive memories will make bad mood give crack.

Psychologists have another cool technique of psychological mood- make a fly out of an elephant, and an elephant out of a fly. That is, everything good, no matter how insignificant it is, needs to be inflated to an incredible scale, and everything bad, on the contrary, must be reduced.

For example,
“I did 5 push-ups! What a fine fellow, wow!”.
“A car wrecked in the trash is such a trifle! The main thing is that I am alive and happy!

Finally, I would like to note that a person with a designated goal, to which he aspires, does not linger in a bad mood. Unless, minute misunderstandings that only help to establish themselves in the chosen goal and correct the path to achieve it. Usually, those who have nothing to do, who do not have aspirations and dreams are prone to depression, bad mood.

If you have a clear goal that you are striving for, there will simply be no time to be bored or sad. Always remember where you are going, take small and large steps towards the goal and remember that for all your efforts you will be rewarded many times over.

And over time, your psychological attitude will become consistently positive and conducive to the fulfillment of your plans, and you yourself will incredibly change for the better, as well as your life!

training
CREATING A FAVORABLE PSYCHOLOGICAL MOOD

educational psychologist Gun L.A.

Explanatory note

This training is intended for educational psychologists working in the education system. The duration of the training is 3 hours. Estimated time of the event is the beginning of the academic year. The training is aimed at creating educational psychologists favorable psychological mood for a new academic year, long-term construction of professional and personal goals and the creation of a harmonious current state.

Training for educational psychologists

"Creation of a favorable psychological mood"

(training duration 3 hours)

Training goals:

Creating a favorable psychological mood for the new academic year

Building professional and personal goals

Harmonization of the current state

1. Introduction.(20 minutes).

Greeting, mood, expectations

An exercise " Non-verbal communication» (5-10 min.)

Target: to set up participants for the active completion of tasks, training the skills of a figurative expressive message, developing abilities for group creativity.

materials: No

Instructions: All participants stand in a circle (with their backs in a circle). “Let one of you think of any object that we will non-verbally pass around the circle. The object must be one that can actually be passed to each other.” The trainer waits until the idea of ​​the object arises, asks the participant who conceived the object not to name it out loud and gives him time to prepare for the transfer (1 - 2 minutes).

Exercise progress:“So, now the first participant will pass his item to the neighbor on the left. At the same time, he, and then all of us, will use only non-verbal means, and the one to whom the object is transferred must understand what object he received. The recipient, in turn, passes it on to his neighbor on the left, and so on. Thus, the object will move counterclockwise around the outer circle and should eventually return to Eugene if everyone is careful and does not allow any transformations of the object. At this point, all participants will be facing the circle, since everyone, having passed the object, can turn to face the circle. Let's start".

After the item returns to the sender, the trainer, moving from the latter, but now clockwise (in reverse direction), asks everyone in turn what each received and what he passed on.

To make the exercise more difficult and more active, and to get more material for discussion, you can suggest that you start passing your items to three group members at the same time, standing about equal distance from each other in different parts of the circle. During the discussion, the attention of the participants can be drawn to those points that contribute to or hinder mutual understanding. In particular, we can talk about the fact that in communication each of the participants is responsible for the result. The one who transmits information should try to make it clear, clear, understandable for the other, i.e. the person who transmits information spends certain efforts to think about how the gestures and movements used by him can be perceived, understood, interpreted by the person to whom they are intended. On the other hand, the recipient of the information should, first of all, think about what meaning his partner could put into this or that gesture and not rush to interpret it.

Issues for discussion:

Were there any difficulties in completing the task?

What hindered and what contributed effective achievement goals?

Exercise "Necklace life experience" (20 minutes.)

Target: Relaxation, activation of resources.

The space of our inner world is a country, and it is very important to put things in order in it so that thoughts, feelings, desires, opportunities, aspirations serve our Self faithfully.

Sometimes it seems to us that the world is not organized correctly. A pessimistic attitude towards life came to be called a "sense of reality." Or maybe we are just programming ourselves to expect failure? It's time for a pessimist to change his profession, and remember that we ourselves create only the life we ​​want ...

Please make yourself comfortable. Close your eyes. Please take a deep breath and slow exhalation. Everything is fine. You feel calm and relaxed. You live interestingly and correctly... You seek and find... Even if not immediately... But good things are not done quickly... Everything happens as it should... Everything goes on as usual... Let the flow of events lead you to happiness... Just be calm, there is nothing from you now no longer needed...

You know, the events of your life are nothing but precious beads. Among them, there are beads made of multi-colored, transparent precious stones... There are bone beads and wooden ones... There are also plastic ones... There are even paper ones... There are beads made of berries and mushrooms... There are beads made of coins, like a monisto... Look: when all these beads are thread, what an interesting, unusual necklace turns out ...

From time immemorial, both men and women adorned themselves with necklaces... Men made a necklace from their trophies... A men's necklace emphasized their strength and success... Women tried to make their necklace beautiful first of all... Your necklace, consisting of beads of your life experience, emphasizes your strength and success, and also… it is very beautiful! Look how they shimmer in sunshine beads… How the stones play… Each bead is in its place here… Each bead is needed… Each bead is valuable… In each bead you can find the energy of love… If you see with your heart… Gently place this necklace on your chest… Hold it for a while… listen to your breathing… Everything is fine… You are loved, you are loved, you love... Everything will be fine... Believe me, it is so... Do you feel it has become warmer?.. Yes, this is the energy of love... It gives warmth, peace, satisfaction... But when you wish, the energy of love will give you the necessary energy and strength, purposefulness and high tone ... At the same time, inside you will be calm and focused on the task ... Everything is fine ... the necklace of your experience is always with you ... No one can take it away from you ... You yourself can supplement it with new beads if you wish ... In this the necklace is the energy of love… now you can multiply it… Please take a deep breath and exhale slowly… The warmth stays with you… the image of your necklace also… Believe me, you have enough strength to make your life beautiful and worthy…

I ask you to take a deep breath and slowly exhale, straighten your back and tightly clench your hands into fists ... and now let go ... like this ... you are strong and wise ... you have enough strength ... you have the most important thing - your vitality and ability to take responsibility for your life ... You will succeed!

2. Main part (35-50 min.)

Plasticine therapy is a soft and deep method of working with your personality. This training is for those who are tired of negative emotions and who want to regain peace and tranquility. The technique can be successfully used to prevent and overcome the “syndrome professional burnout”, which is well known to specialists in social professions.

Target: learn a new way to relieve tension, stress, fatigue; "splash out" negative energy in a safe way and convert it into a positive one; harmonize the emotional state; deeper understanding of oneself; feel the surge of creativity.

materials: plasticine, drawing paper, simple pencils, music corresponding to the work and the imagination of the participants.

Instructions:

Shape your emotional state.

"Talk" to him, telling him whatever you want.

Transform it (very roughly) into whatever you want.

Prepare a lot of balls different sizes from any plastic material.

With your eyes closed, fashion anything out of these balls.

Make a group composition on given topic for a short fixed time time.

Exercise progress: The group sits around the table, they are offered whatman paper, plasticine and simple pencils. Instructions are given, after which the participants begin to complete the task.

Issues for discussion:

Was the exercise easy to do?

What difficulties did you encounter in completing the assignment?

Were there any disagreements during the work?

Five chairs. Exercise (40 minutes)

Target: learn to determine the level of regulation of their emotional states, learn new ways to control emotions.

Instruction: In front of you are five chairs, each of which contains a piece of paper describing a certain level of emotion control. These five chairs are your five choices. Try to assess your current emotional state and choose the appropriate chair. Then, imagine that "ideal emotional state" that you would like to approach and make another choice of chair.

First chair: the person who chooses it is “natural” both internally and externally. He can neither control his inner world nor the outer expression of his emotions; he experiences what “came”, and at the same time the expression on his face is appropriate.

I can’t manage either internal experiences or external expression: emotions appear in the soul on their own, starting different reasons: the state of the body, the events of life and what people around them say and do. My emotions live some kind of their own separate life and splash out against my will. I am not responsible for my emotions, the "Good" exercise seems impossible to me.

Second chair: the person who has chosen it cannot control his internal weather, but he can partially control his external manifestations.

Third chair: the person who has chosen it can completely control the external presentation of himself, and inner world- still out of control.

Fourth chair: the person who has chosen it perfectly controls his external behavior, but the inner world is partially subject to him.

Fifth chair: the person who has chosen it completely controls both his inner world and his external emotional supply.

Questions and tasks:

What chair are you in today? Stand behind that chair, the description of which corresponds to your level of command of emotions.

What chair would you like to be in? Name the level (show that chair) that attracts you, the achievement of which will be your goal.

Many people have an idea of ​​a robot man, mechanical man. If it is close to you, then which of the five chairs best matches the description of such a person?

3. Final part (90 min.)

Exercise "What I want to do"

Target: Setting goals for the coming year.

Materials: A4 sheets, magazines, glue.

If I intend to change because I "should" change, then I prepare myself for failure in advance, because I do not take into account my own internal resistance. However, I can develop if I take into account my own desires more fully. The proposed exercise helps to put yourself real goals and understand the basic law of behavior change.

Instruction: At the end of our joint work let's think about where you would like to develop further. There are many ways to become more mature and rich personality. At the same time, it is important that the path I want to follow suits me. Take a piece of paper and divide it into two columns ... On the left, write down, firstly, everything that you are not doing yet, but would like to do in the future, and, secondly, what you have already tried to do and would like to be more active in the future. Wherein we are talking about specific actions that you really want to do. The goals may be different, that is, it is important to include both professional and personal goals. Leave aside everything that you should do in the opinion of others, or that is just "good" for you.

Then, on the right, write down everything that you are reluctant to do, everything that in the future you would like to give up or at least do less often. You have for this total 10 minutes...

Collage: After writing a list of goals, we create a collage of our goals. To do this, you can use everything that you see on the table.

After creating a collage, try to select one action in each column and make a specific decision. What do you want to do in the future more often, what less often? (2 minutes) Now figure out what makes each decision easier or harder to implement? (5 minutes.)

Now choose a member of the group with whom you would like to discuss the experience you have just experienced for 10 minutes...

How did you feel living through these decisions?

Issues for discussion:

How easy (or difficult) was it for me to make both lists?

Which list is longer?

How do I make decisions in other situations?

Who do I discuss them with?

- How do I assess my chances to implement both decisions?

REFLECTION

1. Which of your expectations were realized in this training?

2. What feelings did you experience?

3. What did you learn about yourself, about the group?

4. How will you use this knowledge?

5. What have you learned?

6. What was important?

7. What are you thinking about?

8. What happened to you?

9. What needs to be developed for the future?

BIBLIOGRAPHY:

1. Zinkevich-Evstigneeva T. D., Frolov D. F. Life loves those who love it, or How to learn to think beautifully. St. Petersburg: Speech, 2005. - 226 p.

2. Kozlov N.I. How to treat yourself and people, or Practical psychology for every day / 3rd ed., revised. and additional —M.: New school, 2007.—320 p.

3. Vopel Klaus Psychological groups: Working materials for the facilitator: Practical guide/ Per. with him. 5th ed., ster. — M.: Genesis, 2004. — 256 p..

Applications

First chair:

I can’t manage either internal experiences or external expression: emotions appear in the soul on their own, triggered by various reasons: the state of the body, life events, and what people around them say and do. My emotions live some kind of separate life and splash out against my will. I am not responsible for my emotions.

Second chair:

Internal experiences are beyond my control, while I can manage the external expression of emotions when there is relative order inside. External "Good" is not always the case, even more so inside.

Third chair:

Internal emotions live their own lives, outwardly I control myself completely. Complete external Well, inside it happens in different ways.

Fourth chair:

When inner experiences are not too strong, outwardly I control myself completely, inside I quickly deal with myself and settle everything. Powerful emotions I control externally, internally I don’t: it can be difficult to cope with them.

Fifth chair:

free to rule external manifestations their emotions: on the face, in speech and intonations, there is always what you need. I also freely manage my inner experiences: I remove unnecessary ones, I call out relevant and necessary ones. I am responsible for my emotions, this is my most important toolkit. I am socially adequate, usually in a cheerful and good mood I can always take care of those people who are dear to me. Well!

It has just been shown that sources of positive emotional mood pleasurable activities and events such as meeting friends, exercising, going to cafes/restaurants and sexual activity. Sometimes good mood it may persist until the end of the day, and sometimes even until the next day (Stone & Blake, 1984). Therefore, by resorting to such methods of creating a mood every day or twice a day, you can ensure that it will be good almost always. Two easy ways to boost your mood are to exercise and listen to music. Some people go jogging or swimming daily; Many people listen to the music they like every day. Some attend church services twice a day.

It has also been shown above that the beneficial effect on different people can provide different kinds classes, so it is important to choose the right type of activity. An American friend of mine starts the day cross-country skiing in the Nevada desert, accompanied by his wife, or listening to a walkman and admiring great view rising sun. It happened, and I joined him. I must say that this is a very powerful way to create a good mood: physical activity, chatting with your wife or listening to music, as well as watching a spectacular spectacle - the sunrise. Then my friend, on top of that, eats a great breakfast.

People suffering from depression, and generally unhappy people, experience fewer pleasant events in life, they say. Levinson suggested that depression is caused by insufficient positive reinforcement. The reasons can be various, including poor social skills. To create opportunities for people suffering from depression to experience more positive experience was developed special kind therapy, and in fact these methods may well be applied to all other individuals.

Clients undergoing therapy are asked daily for a month to write down what joyful events happened to them today (selecting from the proposed list of 320 events) and what their mood is today. Of all types of events considered, 49 were associated with good mood throughout the day (in 10% of subjects). These results are shown in table. 13.4. Then the following procedure is carried out: computer analysis shows which of the activities have the strongest positive impact, and, based on this, patients are encouraged to spend more time certain types activity (Le\V1N5oln et al., 1982). They convince them of this in various ways, in particular, they slightly increase the breaks between classes, provide an opportunity to talk with a psychologist longer, teach them to “reward” themselves, for example, with the help of treats or other pleasures. Turner et al. (Tyrner et al., 1979) found that such methods were effective in relieving depression in groups of depressed university staff and students. Reich and Sautra (Keyub & Zautra, 1981), as mentioned above, also confirmed the success of such therapeutic techniques in a group of students who did not suffer from psychiatric disorders.

Table 13.4 Pleasant activities that create a good mood for the whole day

social interaction incompatible with depression

1. Hang out with happy people

2. The ability to interest interlocutors with your stories

3. Meeting with friends

4. Recognition of your sexual attractiveness

5. Kisses

6. People watching

7. Frank, sincere conversation

8. Listening to declarations of love

9. Expressing your love for someone

10. Caressing touches

11. Being in the company of a loved one

12. Giving compliments or praise to someone

13. Chatting with friends over a cup of coffee, tea, etc.

14. Feeling like the "soul of society" in companies, at a party

15. Having a lively conversation

16. Listening to the radio

17. Meeting old friends

18. Awareness of the possibility of fulfilling someone's request for help or advice

19. The ability to entertain and amuse others

20. Traditional sexual relations

21. Making new friends, same-sex friends

23. Stay relaxed

24. Thoughts of something pleasant that should happen in the future

25. Thinking about people you like

26. Contemplation of a beautiful landscape

27. Ability to breathe fresh air

28. Calm, peaceful state

29. The pleasure of being in the sun

30. Pleasant feeling from clean clothes

31. Availability of free time

32. A good night's sleep

33. Listening to music

34. Smiling when interacting with people

35. Joyful events in the life of relatives or friends

36. Feeling the presence of God in your life

37. Watching wild animals

37. "Self-efficacy"

38. Ability to do something on your own, in your own way

39. Reading stories, novels, poems or plays

40. Planning or organizing something

41. Skillful driving

42. Lucky, clear wording my thoughts

43. Travel and vacation planning

44. Acquisition of new knowledge and skills

45. Receiving a compliment or praise in your address

46. ​​Quality work

47. Delicious food

48. Visiting a restaurant

49. Communication with animals

50. Miscellaneous

Source: Benson & Chart, 1973.

More recently, Levinson and his colleagues have improved their approach by including different types pleasant pursuits into more complex therapeutic methods (which are described below). Levinson and Gottlieb (Levinson & Coll, 1995) developed the Overcoming Depression course, which includes a variety of pleasurable experiences, social skills training, and self-management therapy. The latter includes self-reinforcement, problem-solving therapy, relaxation, coping negative thoughts and setting realistic goals. This method proven to be effective when used with adults and adolescents suffering from depression; it was not applied to other people (Hemschin & Coll, 1995).

The "Happiness Program" developed by Fordis (Rogsguse, 1983) was applied to community college students who did not suffer mental disorders. Its cognitive components are noted above. In addition, the program includes some components related to behavior and social skills. Thus, participants must:

Spend more time interacting with people

Strengthen relationships with those closest to them;

develop friendliness, openness, sociability;

learn to be more loyal friends;

become more active;

Do meaningful, meaningful work.

As in other cases, the students were asked daily for certain time focus on some element of the program. The whole program (including its cognitive components) turned out to be very effective: people actually became happier. However, we do not know what the role of each of the elements is.

Cognitive Therapy

"Cognitive therapy is a set of methods that pursue the goal of a rational and realistic interpretation of events" (Ketm, 1990). This complex was designed specifically for people suffering from mental disorders, including depressive patients. Many people suffer from serious depression: for example, 9% of those who regularly visit a doctor. 12-17% are constantly at risk of falling into a deep depression, and still large quantity exposed to a less pronounced, but nevertheless all the same dangerous depression(Ap§51,1997).

So, let's look at methods aimed at increasing the level of subjective well-being in individuals suffering from depression. You should also find out if they are effective when applied to people who are not clinically depressed - the most common, striving to become happier.

In previous chapters, it has been pointed out that happy people think differently than unhappy people, and this manifests itself in several aspects. happy people They have a positive view of the world, they set realistic goals and feel the meaning of life, they are able to see the comic side of what is happening to them. When something bad happens, they don't tend to blame themselves. They are convinced that they can control what is happening.

According to one theory related to the area clinical psychology, depression is caused by negative and irrational ways thinking. To correct them, forms of cognitive therapy have been developed. Some of the negative ways of thinking that are characteristic of depressed patients coincide with those features of understanding the world and cognition that researchers have traditionally found in unhappy people.

Various types Cognitive therapy has been used with non-depressed people and shown to be successful. Lichter et al. (1980) developed a therapeutic course consisting of 8 sessions, each lasting 2 hours. The course lasts over 4 weeks; the focus is on developing insight, understanding and correcting irrational beliefs. For those who have undergone such training, the feeling of happiness and satisfaction increases, as shown in Fig. 13.2.

Fava et al. (Paua et al., 1998) conducted research in Italy. They used Reef's (1989) six dimensions of happiness: inner harmony, positive relationships with others, independence, control, purpose in life, and personal growth. The peculiarity of the course is that the main emphasis was on positive thinking. Clients had to keep diaries, where they entered positive episodes of life and everything that prevented them from continuing. Then work was carried out in the six indicated areas. The 10 people who completed this course experienced a more marked increase in subjective well-being than the other group, also consisting of 10 participants, who received traditional cognitive therapy. However, they have also seen improvements.

123456789 10 weeks

Rice. 13.2. The impact of therapeutic training. Source. 1x(11ere1a1., 1980

Researchers are paying considerable attention to cognitive therapy, which is used to improve the condition of people suffering from depression. Developed by Levinson and Gottlieb (Levinson & Coll, 1995), the course titled "Overcoming Depression" consists of 12 sessions and lasts 7 weeks. It includes some cognitive components (in particular, setting realistic goals and reducing the level negative thinking) along with the varieties of positive activity already mentioned.

Fordis (Porceuse, 1977) developed a set of therapeutic methods for working with people who do not suffer from severe mental disorders. This "package" was called the "Personal Happiness Enhancement Program" (Persopa1 Narrmezz Epcapseten1 Proggart), which consists of 14 elements, including several cognitive components, among them:

work on finding a healthy personality;

lowering expectations and claims;

development of positive, optimistic thinking;

Understanding the value of happiness

better self-organization, the ability to plan their activities;

development of "orientation to the present";

reduction of negative emotions;

removal of anxiety.

During the course of therapy (which lasts 6 weeks), patients must work on these 14 elements every day at a certain time. The course proved to be highly effective: out of a group of 338 students, 69% felt happier than before; in the group of adults (there were 226 more people), an increase in the level of happiness was noted in 81% (Rogsguse, 1983).

A number of researchers have set themselves the task of comparing the effectiveness of cognitive and other types of therapy when working with patients suffering from depression. Naturally, therapy is more effective than no intervention; as a rule, it is also more effective than a placebo control method (for example, the use of drugs that in themselves do not affect the person's condition in any way). In addition, cognitive therapy is more effective than behavioral therapy. As for drugs and narcotic substances, their effect is comparable to that of cognitive therapy. But in the case of patients suffering from a particularly severe form of depression, chemical drugs are the most appropriate treatment for them (Ketm, 1995).

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Beginning of the lesson. Psychological attitude.

Organizational stage , very short-term, determines the whole psychological mood of the lesson. The psychological mood is carried out to create a favorable working environment in the classroom so that the children understand that they are welcome, they were expected.

Welcoming, friendly words of the teacher, calm, confident manner are the condition for fulfilling the tasks of this stage.

Psychological attitudes for the lesson:

Hello children! I am glad to see you and really want to start working with you! Have a good mood and success!

Dear Guys! May this lesson bring us the joy of communication and fill our souls with wonderful feelings.

Good morning, my dear! I am very glad to meet you. And of course I look forward to the moment when we can look into this wonderful textbook again. Do you want this? Then go ahead!

Teacher : Good afternoon friends! I am glad to see you and really want to start working with you. Have a good mood and success! Is everyone ready for the lesson?
Children: Yes!
Teacher: Then go ahead!

Teacher : Hello guys! Today I went to school in a great mood. Why do you think?
Children: Because you wanted to meet us as soon as possible.
Because the real spring has come.
- The sun is shining today.
Maybe because the holidays are coming soon?
Teacher : Yes, everything you said is true: it has become quite warm outside, and the sun is shining, and I am glad to meet you. And I also have such high spirits from the expectation of interesting discoveries in our lesson ....

Good morning, my dear! Let's start the lesson. Let's smile to each other, give your smiles.

Let's start our lesson by wishing each other well.

I wish you well, you wish me well, we wish each other well. If it's difficult, I'll help you.

I'm glad we're in a great mood. I hope that the lesson will be interesting and exciting.

Turn to each other, look into each other's eyes, smile at each other, wish each other a good working mood in the lesson. Now look at me. I also wish you to work together, to discover something new.

Let's smile at each other. May today's lesson bring us all the joy of communication. Today in the lesson, guys, you will find many interesting tasks, new discoveries, and your assistants will be: attention, resourcefulness, ingenuity.

What season is it now? Show that you are cold and shrunken, warm and relaxed. You accidentally hit a snowball in the face, pretend to be upset. Depict how children make a snowman: they put snowballs on top of each other. Well done! What beautiful snowmen you have turned out. You came home happy. With the same excellent mood, we will work today at the lesson.

Greeting "Hello!"

Students alternately touch the fingers of the same name of their neighbor's hands, starting with thumbs and say:

1. I wish (thumbs touch);
2. success (indicative);
3. large (medium);
4. in everything (nameless);
5. and everywhere (little fingers);
6. Hello! (touch with whole hand)

Greetings.

Good morning sunshine! (everyone raises their hands, then lowers them).

Good morning heaven! (similar movement).

Good morning to all of us! (everyone raises their arms to the sides, then lowers them).

"Mood exchange".

Hello guys! What is your mood today?

(Children have Mood Dictionaries on their desks. Students find an adjective in the list that describes their mood and explain their choice.)
- I want to call my mood expectant, because I expect new discoveries from today's lesson.
- And I have a calm mood. I'm not afraid of difficulties, I'm not afraid to make mistakes, I want to continue working calmly.
- My mood is uplifted. I love the math lesson, we always do such interesting tasks.
- And I chose the name for my mood exultant. Now I am very glad that my favorite lesson begins.
Teacher : I am very glad to see your cheerful eyes. I see that you are ready to go. Today I have a mysterious and joyful mood, because we are going with you on another journey through Great Country Mathematics. Good luck and new discoveries!

Tips for teachers.

Emotionalattitudecharacterizes peculiarities

response of a person in response to the emotional atmosphere that arises in the process of joint activity.

When interacting with others, they manifest different forms emotional susceptibility: resonation, detachment and dissonance. Accordingly, a positive

neutral and negative energy.

Emotional resonating- the ability of a person to respond to various emotional states of partners.

An emotionally responsive person easily and quickly "tunes in" to any emotional wave of others, especially if they are also emotionally responsive. He involuntarily enters different states partners of joy or sadness, peace or anxiety, anxiety or fear, depression or euphoria.

It happens that emotionally helpful people are absorbed in any problems, or are in an uncomfortable mood, and then it is difficult to establish emotional contact with them. It happens that an emotionally responsive person is at the mercy of the negative emotions of partners who have more strong energy, and then he himself suffers from his reactivity. Remember how very excitable people easily and quickly respond with rudeness to rudeness, harshness for harshness, and when they calm down, they often regret what happened. In this case, a stream of negative energy spreads through emotional resonation.

Thus, the ability to emotional resonance has its pros and cons. Still free emotionally energy metabolism with others usually brings relief to both the person himself and his partners. This happens even if negative energies are being released.

Emotional resonance between partners causes the addition of their energies contained in emotions, and stimulates additional psychological effect interactions - synergy.

Recall that synergy is manifested in the fact that a person, by his manner of interaction with partners, contributes to the unification of energy potentials and an increase in the effectiveness of joint activities. This behavior is associated with positive energy. Unison emotionally energy forces causes a significant psychotherapeutic and healing effect. It is this phenomenon that is exploited by the newly-minted healers of the masses, conducting sessions in large auditoriums.

If a professional in the field of communication perceives and responds to the emotional and energy states of a partner, then a beneficial addition of energies occurs, and the likelihood of an inspiring influence on him increases.

Emotional detachment - consequence of emotional rigidity. A person usually reacts weakly to the emotional atmosphere of communication - in response to the emotional states of others, inexpressive, muffled, indefinite emotions appear.

This behavior is associated with neutral energy. In this case, the addition of the energy forces of the partners is unlikely and, therefore,

hardly any synergistic effect is possible. Emotionally rigid resonance with the emotions of others rarely occurs, for example, only in communication with loved ones or with those who especially liked, caused trust, a sense of security. Psychologically, two or more partners can feel comfortable, prone to emotional restraint of their energy fields are consonant and therefore do not disturb each other.

Emotional dissonance characterized by a demonstrative exclusion of the personality from the emotional atmosphere of communication or the manifestation of emotions that are opposite in meaning to the situation of interaction.

For example, if a partner experiences an increase in strength, rejoices, then a person prone to emotional resistance at this moment begins to get annoyed, capricious or depressed. Some have something like an obsessive need to throw an emotional challenge to others; if the partner is well, then by all means, something must be said or done so that his mood deteriorates, if others are sad for some completely objective reason, then emotionally resisting personality declares: "It's funny to me, they found something to rejoice at." There are people who are pleased with someone else's misfortune, suffering, tears, helplessness.

Emotional dissonance is a sign of autism in childhood. There are children who are not inclined to show emotions "for the company." When everyone is having fun, they stay away. It is not possible to involve them in the circle of peers; everyone is fine, but they frowned. It happens that the energy of general jubilation plunges them into depression, they begin to get angry, throw a tantrum.

Emotionally dissonant, as a rule, draw attention to themselves by falling out of emotional context communication. With sour faces, they sit out the humorist's concert. A pop star will not wait for applause from them. If a lecturer's joke causes loud laughter from those present in the audience, then emotionally resisting individuals will hardly stretch their lips in a smile. They are not comfortable in cheerful company and they do not willingly agree to take part in the picnic. They are not able to share other people's joys and successes. In general, they always blow cold. As a rule, they try to stay away from such people, they are disliked, sometimes it’s unpleasant to even talk about the weather with such people. They especially avoid those who are not able to compensate for their communication shortcomings, for example, they do not have good mind, professional qualities, patience or other virtues.

The association of individuals who tend to emotionally resist the group atmosphere has a devastating effect on joint activities. Unison of negative emotional-

energy forces usually causes powerful wave aggression and cruelty. Sometimes it is enough for two or three people to consolidate their negative emotional energy and oppose it to the group atmosphere, as the activity of the whole team will be destabilized. The psyche of an ordinary person cannot withstand the powerful onslaught of negative emotional and energy influences from outside.

An emotionally responsive, resonating partner is, of course, the most preferable, since he is able to respond to the states of those around him by establishing and maintaining identical psychoenergetic states. In interaction with him, partners are more likely to be noticed and appreciated, more likely to receive sympathy and support. Once in a consonant biopsychic field, the partner becomes trusting, susceptible to persuasion and suggestion.

Husband and wife, foster child, client, patient rely on an emotionally responsive partner, but one should not forget that emotional responsiveness is associated with significant energy costs. For example, a doctor, a psychologist, a teacher gives his energy to a partner - a patient, a patient, a student. This is a noble sacrifice. When is a professional in the field human relations emotionally "burns out", some or other defense mechanisms getting used to suffering, selective manifestation of sympathy, avoidance of long and deep contacts, indifference. Soothing philosophies come to mind, like “you won’t sympathize with everyone”, “you need to take care of yourself”, “people are not grateful”, etc.

You are capable of emotional resonation if:

- you wide range perception of emotions of partners. Due to the different organization of the sensory system and intellect, people react differently to variations in the emotional manifestations of others. One person has a finely organized sensory system and thanks to a good intellect, he easily captures the shades of any emotional states of partners. At the same time, he responds to all kinds of nuances of emotions, both filled with strength, bright, and shades of weak, barely noticeable emotional states of partners, both to emotions that positively affect the psyche, and negatively. Another person has a less perfect sensory and intellectual organization and therefore usually perceives and deciphers the emotional states of others very mediocrely.

Some people have sensory and intelligent systems reflections work at all roughly, as a result of which the range of perception of other people's emotions is extremely narrow, not all emotions of partners are deciphered, and the subtleties in their manifestation are poorly distinguished. Such people are very late in reacting to changes in the states of their partner, or even do not notice any changes at all. It is difficult to provide such people

influence through emotions and accompanying external means of expression- they do not perceive halftones well, and in order to influence them, one has to overload emotional and energy signals, speak loudly, exaggerate the semantic coloring of the voice, squeeze in facial expressions, otherwise, as they say, it does not reach them.

At the same time, there are moments in the life of any person when the range of perception of the emotions of partners expands dramatically. This is usually due to a surge of energy. This happens, for example, in a state of elation surrounded by pleasant acquaintances, and in some people after drinking alcohol. The expansion of the ranges of emotional response is observed in the state of falling in love. The lover usually subtly reacts to the changes taking place in the soul of the object of passion. Feelings fade away and, alas, the range of emotional reflection sharply narrows.

An exacerbation of susceptibility is also seen in many women who have given birth. The mother, as a rule, is very sensitive to all changes in the states of the infant. Obviously this is related to biological mechanism reproduction of the species: offspring must be ensured safety

Susceptibility to the emotional states of a partner is a professionally necessary quality for those who work with people.

We restrict ourselves to examples from medical practice. The emotional states of the patient and especially changes in them are an important source of information for a medical specialist of any profile. Emotions indicate how the patient relates to his illness, to the doctor or sister, to medicines and procedures. After all, he is not always ready or wants to express his attitude in words. By observing the patient's emotions, the therapist can record the deterioration of health, the onset of illness crises, or the beginning of recovery. The psychiatrist is able to foresee the exacerbation of certain mental illness or the onset of a new cycle of illness. A neuropathologist can judge by the nature of emotions functional disorders nervous system.

Specialist in infantile cerebral palsy from St. Petersburg T. I. Serganova (Serganova T.I. How to defeat cerebral palsy with the mind of a specialist, the heart of a mother. SPb. 1995) developed and patented an original diagnostic technique. The initial signs of a serious illness in infants are revealed by the peculiarities of their crying. With the help of a computer, the acoustic characteristics of children's crying were revealed, which indicate the development of cerebral palsy. The challenge is to enable pediatricians and nurses to hear the early symptoms of the disease. Will the physician, who has a limited range of emotional perception and is ultimately deprived of the gift of emotional responsiveness, succeed in this?

- Are you able to adequately decipher emotional

partner status.

Here we touch on the signaling function of emotions - using them, a person expresses his attitude to what he cares about. These may be disturbing inner sensations, exciting thoughts, pressing needs, interests and desires or any external significant circumstances. With the help of emotions, he, as it were, encodes his attitude to what is happening, and the partners decode his emotions, that is, they try to understand what he wanted to express with them.

To adequately decipher the partner's emotional signal means to capture in it exactly the meaning that was invested in it.

The ability to adequately decipher the emotional signals of partners depends on several conditions.

Firstly, a person must have sufficient humanistic experience, that is, the experience of communicating with people different ages, different mental warehouse, different culture, different nationalities. The greater the humanistic experience of the individual, the more likely it is to understand the emotional states of partners. A lot matters: did you have brothers and sisters or did you grow up as the only child in the family, did you communicate little or much with relatives, was this communication deep or superficial, do you have close friends or do you prefer a secluded lifestyle, do you have your own children and how many there are, how sensitive you are to them and to your marriage partner, whether you have had to live or work with people of a different nationality.

In shaping the humanistic experience great importance has close human contact with pets. In interaction with them, our sense organs are tuned to such a "frequency range" of receiving emotions that people do not use among themselves. The horse, cow, dog, cat and other neighboring species encourage us to move from the sign-symbolic communication system that we are used to, to the sensory-intuitive one. The interaction takes place mainly energy level, a person teaches an animal to understand separate "words, and an animal teaches a person to perceive the energy of emotions.

I recall the radio story of one elderly Nenets who complained that the herd of reindeer was thinning and the human person was getting poorer. Observations show that children who grew up in constant contact with deer, softer character more sensitive, more responsive. The deer disappears, is destroyed - the channel of emotional and energy reflection of wildlife is muffled.

Secondly, for adequate decoding of signals, the amount of operational emotional memory matters, how well you remember the nature and shades of emotions at the moment when your partner is experiencing them. There are people who have a large amount of memory for emotions directly shown by partners. But there are those who find it difficult to remember the demonstrated emotion and reproduce it -

partner's emotions do not leave a noticeable trace in their memory.

Thirdly, it is important not to attribute meanings and shades to the partner's emotions, which they do not have at all. However, there are many people who, for one reason or another, are ready to find subjective content in their partner's emotions. Their decoding device, obviously, has some kind of defect. Therefore, "noise" is introduced in the form of moods or habitual emotions. Others are let down by operational emotional memory Sometimes it happens that the attitude towards a partner dictates its will. Worst of all, if the person has mental abnormalities, which are the cause of a distorted interpretation of the emotions of partners.

Fourth, big role playing experience professional communication. The more experience a physician has with patients, a teacher with students, an investigator with criminals, a seller with buyers, etc., the more accessible is the decoding of the emotional states of the subjects of professional activity. For example, experienced nurse, observing the emotional manifestations of the patient, predicts how he tolerates the injection, whether he will need local anesthesia during the operation, and much more.

- Your emotions are bright and strong enough to be freely perceived and deciphered by partners.

Here it is appropriate to emphasize that emotional resonation is possible in the presence of feedback, you respond to the states of your partner, and he, in turn, perceives and evaluates your reaction.

In order for the information-energetic circle to close, one must have two abilities: to decode the partner's emotions well and to clearly give him signals about his states.

- Your emotions are mobile and easily switch to a partner It should be considered normal if a person knows how to show his emotions in accordance with situations and, as necessary, direct them either to himself, then to partners, then to the activity in which he is engaged, then to the objects with which he acts. It is bad if emotions are hard-coded and most often directed to a specific address, to oneself, to others, to a business or to objects.

One-sided orientation of emotions impoverishes the personality. The egoist, whose emotions are at the service of his own Self, is not able to show emotional and energetic consonance with those around him. Its energy circuit is closed on itself. A person for whom the meaning of existence is only in doing what he loves, as a rule, cannot give warmth to others, take care of them, he has no time to participate and empathize. And if someone is captured by materialism, then emotional callousness becomes an accompanying quality for him. Boundless and ubiquitous altruism is also a dubious property of the individual. Is it possible to deeply and sincerely devote emotions to others, if at the same time emotions do not concern your Self?

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