Trust in God, but don’t make a mistake yourself, says the wise folk proverb. If you want to be happy, be happy, said Kozma Prutkov. But if you think about it, these words have a very deep meaning.

Locus of control - psychological factor characterizing a particular type of personality. It is a person's tendency to attribute responsibility for events occurring in life and the results of their activities to external forces (external, external locus of control), or to their own abilities and efforts (internal, internal locus control).

Test How to manage your life? Test for the level of subjective control (Test USC) by Julian Rotter (Adapted by E.F. Vazhin, S.A. Golynkina, A. M. Etkind):

Instruction.

Read each of the statements below carefully and if you agree with it, put a plus in front of the question number, if you do not agree - a minus.

Stimulus material for the USC test by J. Rotter:

1. Promotion depends more on luck than on the ability and effort of a person.

2. Most divorces come from the fact that people did not want to adapt to each other.

3. Illness - gave a chance, if you are destined to get sick, then nothing can be done.

4. People are lonely because they themselves do not show interest and friendliness to others. to those around you.

5. The fulfillment of my desires often depends on luck.

6. It is useless to make efforts in order to win the sympathy of other people.

7. External circumstances - parents and well-being - affect family happiness no less than the relationship of spouses.

8. I often feel like I have little influence on what happens to me.

9. As a rule, leadership is more effective when the actions of subordinates are fully controlled, and do not rely on their independence.

10. My grades in school often depended on random circumstances (for example, on the mood of the teacher) than on my own efforts. .

11. When I make plans, I generally believe that I can carry them out.

12. What many people think is luck or luck is actually the result of long, focused efforts.

13. I think that the right lifestyle can help health more than doctors and medicines.

14. If people are not suitable for each other, then no matter how hard they try to improve family life, they still cannot.

15. The good that I do is usually appreciated by others.

16 Children grow up the way their parents raise them.

17. I think that chance or fate does not play an important role in my life.

18. I try not to plan far ahead, because a lot does not depend on how things turn out.

19. My grades in school depended most of all on my efforts and degree of preparedness.

20. In family conflicts, I often feel guilty for myself than for the opposite side.

21. The life of most people depends on a combination of circumstances.

22. I prefer a guide where you can independently determine what and how to do

23. I think that my lifestyle is in no way the cause of my illnesses.

24. As a rule, it is an unfortunate set of circumstances that prevents people from succeeding in their business.

25. In the end, the people who work in it are responsible for the poor management of the organization.

26. I often feel that I can’t change anything in the existing relationships in the family.

27. If I really want to, I can win over anyone.

28. The rising generation is influenced by so many different circumstances that the efforts of parents to educate them are often futile.

29. What happens to me is the work of my own hands.

30. It can be difficult to understand why leaders act the way they do.

31. A person who could not succeed in his work, most likely did not show enough effort.

32. More often than not, I can get what I want from my family members.

33. In the troubles and failures that were in my life, other people were more often to blame than myself.

34. A child can always be protected from colds if he is monitored and properly dressed.

35. In difficult circumstances, I prefer to wait until problems resolve themselves.

36. Success is the result of hard work and little depends on chance or luck.

37. I feel that the happiness of my family depends on me more than on anyone else.

38. It has always been difficult for me to understand why some people like me and others don't like me.

39. I always prefer to make a decision and act on my own, rather than relying on the help of other people or on fate.

40. Unfortunately, the merits of a person often remain unrecognized, despite all his efforts.

41. There are situations in family life that cannot be resolved even with the strongest desire.

42. Capable people who failed to realize their potential should only blame themselves for this.

43. Many of my successes were only possible with the help of others.

44. Most of the failures in my life came from inability, laziness and depended little on luck or bad luck.

The key to the USC test.

To calculate your scores, add the pluses for the answers on the top line of the scale and the minuses for the answers on the bottom.

1. Io scale

+: 2, 4, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 22, 25, 27, 29, 31, 32, 34,. 36, 37, 39, 42, 44.

-: 1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 18, 21, 23, 24, 26, 28, 30, 33, 35, 38, 40, 41, 43.

2. Scale of Id: +: 12, 15, 27, 32, 36, 37.

- : 1, 5, 6, 14, 26, 43.

3. Ying scale: +: 2, 4, 20, 31, 42, 44.

- :7,24,33,36,40,41

4. Scale Is: +: 7, 24, 33, 36, 40, 41

-: 7, 14, 26, 28, 41

5. Scale Ip: . +: 19, 22, 25, 31, 42.

-: 1, 9, 10, 24, 30

6. Scale Im. +; 4, 27.

7. Scale I. +: 13, 34.

Interpretation.

1. The scale of general internality And o. A high score on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations. Such people believe that most of the important events in their lives were the result of their own actions, that they can control them, and therefore feel their own responsibility for these events and for how their life as a whole develops. The question "how to manage life?" does not arise in front of them - because they understand the relationship between the efforts made and the results obtained in the end. A low score on the I o scale corresponds to low level subjective control. Such subjects do not see the connection between their actions and the events of their lives that are significant for them, do not consider themselves capable of controlling their development and believe that most of them are the result of a case or the actions of other people.

2. Scale of internality in the field of achievements, etc. High performance on this scale correspond to a high level of subjective control over emotionally positive events and situations. Such people believe that they have achieved everything good that was and is in their life themselves and that they are able to successfully pursue their goals in the future. Low scores on the Id scale indicate that a person attributes his successes, achievements and joys to external circumstances - luck, good fortune or the help of other people.

3. Scale of internality in the field of failures I n. High scores on this scale speak of developed sense subjective control in relation to negative events and situations, which is manifested in the tendency to blame oneself for various failures, troubles and suffering. Low values ​​of I n indicate that the subject is inclined to attribute responsibility for such events to other people or to consider them the result of bad luck.

4. Scale of internality in family relationships And s. High scores on this scale mean that the person considers himself responsible for the events of his family life. Low I s indicates that the subject considers not himself, but his partners to be the cause significant situations arising in his family.

5. The scale of internality in the field of industrial relations I p. High I p indicates that a person considers his actions an important factor in the organization of their own production activities, in the emerging relationships in the team, in their promotion, etc. Low I p ​​indicates that the subject is inclined to attribute more importance external circumstances-management, workmates, luck or bad luck.

6. The scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations Im. A high indicator Im indicates that a person considers himself able to control his informal relationships with other people, arouse respect and sympathy for himself, etc. Low Im, on the contrary, indicates that he does not consider himself capable of actively shaping his social circle and tends to view his relationships as the result of the actions of his partners.

7. Scale of internality in relation to health to illness I h. High rates of Iz indicate that the subject considers himself largely responsible for his health: if he is sick, he blames himself for this and believes that recovery largely depends on his actions. Person with low Iz: considers health and disease to be the result of an accident and hopes that recovery will come as a result of the actions of other people, first of all doctors.

How to manage your life? Test for the level of subjective control (Test USC) by J. Rotter (Adaptation by E.F. Vazhin, S.A. Golynkina, A. M. Etkind).

Level of subjective control(USK) - a technique designed to diagnose internality - externality, that is, the degree of a person's readiness to take responsibility for what happens to him and around him. Developed on the basis of the J. Rotter scale at the Research Institute. Bekhterev and published by E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkin, L. M. Etkind in 1984.

Description of the technique

The USK questionnaire consists of 44 items.

In order to increase the reliability of the results, the questionnaire is balanced according to the following parameters:

1. According to internality-externality - half of the items of the questionnaire are formulated in such a way that people with internal USC will give a positive answer to them, and the other half is formulated in such a way that people with external USC will give a positive answer to it;
2. By emotional sign - equal amount items of the questionnaire describe emotionally positive and emotionally negative situations;
3. In the direction of attributions - an equal number of points are formulated in the first and third person.

The results are processed in several stages:

1. Using the key, "raw" scores are calculated for each scale.
2. "Raw" points are converted into stans
3. The received stans are entered in the "USK Profile".

Scales

The processing of completed answers should be carried out according to the keys below, summing up the answers that match the key. The USK questionnaire is accompanied by seven keys corresponding to seven scales:

• General Internality Scale (Io) A high score on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations. Such people believe that most of the important events in their lives were the result of their own actions, that they can control them and, therefore, take responsibility for their life as a whole. A low score on the Io scale corresponds to a low level of subjective control. Such people do not see the connection between their actions and significant events, which they consider as the result of an accident or the actions of other people. To determine the USC on this scale, it must be remembered that the maximum value of the indicator on it is 44, and the minimum is 0.
• Achievement Internality Scale (ID) A high score on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over emotionally positive events. Such people believe that they have achieved all the best in their lives themselves and that they are able to successfully go towards their intended goal in the future. A low indicator on the Id scale indicates that a person associates his successes, achievements and joys with external circumstances - luck, good fortune or the help of other people. Maximum value indicator on this scale is 12, the minimum is 0.
• Scale of internality in the field of failures (In) A high score on this scale indicates a developed sense of subjective control over negative events and situations, which manifests itself in a tendency to blame oneself for various troubles and failures. A low score indicates that a person is inclined to attribute responsibility for such events to other people or consider them the results of bad luck. The maximum value of In is 12, the minimum is 0.
• Scale of internality in family relations (IS) A high indicator of Is means that a person considers himself responsible for the events taking place in his family life. Low I indicates that the subject considers his partners to be the cause of significant situations that arise in his family. The maximum value of Is is 10, the minimum is 0.
• Scale of internality in the field of industrial relations (IP) A high Ip indicates that a person considers himself, his actions, an important factor in organizing his own production activities, in particular, in his promotion. Low Ip indicates a tendency to attach more importance to external circumstances - management, work colleagues, luck - bad luck. The maximum Ip is 8, the minimum is 0.
• Scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations (Im) A high score on Them indicates that the person feels capable of commanding the respect and sympathy of others. Low Im indicates that the subject is not inclined to take responsibility for their relationships with others. The maximum value of Im is 4, the minimum is 0.
• Health and Illness Internality Scale (From) A high I indicator indicates that a person considers himself largely responsible for his health and believes that recovery depends mainly on his actions. A person with low I considers health and illness to be the result of an accident and hopes that recovery will come as a result of the actions of other people, primarily doctors. The maximum value of Out is 4, the minimum is 0.

Methodology USK(the level of subjective control) is most widespread in our country, the authors of which are E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina, L. M. Etkind.

This technique is based on the concept of the locus of control by J. Rotter. However, according to Rotter, the locus of control is considered universal in relation to any type of situation: the locus of control is the same in the sphere of achievement and in the sphere of failure. When developing the USC methodology, the authors proceeded from the fact that sometimes not only unidirectional combinations of the locus of control are possible in situations of various types. This position also has empirical evidence. In this regard, the developers of the test proposed to single out subscales in the diagnostic methodology for the locus of control: control in situations of achievement, in situations of failure, in the field of industrial and family relations, in the field of health.

In total, the USK questionnaire consists of 44 items.

In order to increase the reliability of the results, the questionnaire is balanced according to the following parameters:

1) by internality-externality- half of the questionnaire items are formulated in such a way that people with internal CKD will give a positive answer to them, and the other half is formulated in such a way that people with external CKD will give a positive answer to it;

2) by emotional sign- an equal number of questionnaire items describe emotionally positive and emotionally negative situations; 3) in the direction of attributions - an equal number of points are formulated in the first and third person.

In contrast to the Rotter scale, the questionnaire includes items that measure internality-externality in interpersonal and family relationships. For medical and psychological studies, it includes items that measure USC. regarding illness and health.

To increase the range of possible applications of the questionnaire, it was designed in two versions, differing in the format of the respondents' answers.

Option A, intended for research purposes, requires a response on a 6-point scale "-3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3", in which the answer "+3" means "strongly agree", "-3" - "completely disagree" with this paragraph.

Option B, intended for clinical psychodiagnostics, requires answers on a binary scale "agree - disagree".

As shown by studies conducted on normal students - students, the answers to all items of the questionnaire have a sufficient spread: none of the half of the scale was chosen less than 15% of the time. The results of filling out the questionnaire by an individual subject are converted into standard system units-walls and can be visualized as a profile of subjective control.

The indicators of the CSC questionnaire are organized in accordance with the principle of the hierarchical structure of the activity regulation system in such a way that they include a generalized indicator of the individual CSC, invariant to frequent situations of activity, two indicators of the average level of generality, differentiated by the emotional sign of these situations, and a number of situation-specific indicators . Procedure Instruction

Read each of the statements below carefully and mark on your answer sheet:

• -3 - completely disagree
• -2 - partially disagree
• -1 - rather disagree than agree
• +1 - agree rather than disagree
• +2 - partially agree
• +3 - fully agree

Results processing

The results are processed in several stages:

1. Using the key, "raw" scores are calculated for each scale:

The number corresponding to the choice determines the number of points received for each answer. At the same time, points for answers to questions with a “+” sign are summed up with their own sign, and for questions with a “–” sign - with the opposite sign.

Key

2. "Raw" points are translated (Σ) into walls.

Table for converting "raw" scores to standard scores

3. The scores obtained in the walls are entered in the table:

Final table of results

The results can also be presented as a graph or as a profile.

Chart example

Profile example

Interpretation of results

Analyze quantitatively and qualitatively your USK indicators on seven scales, comparing your results (obtained "profile") with the norm. Deviation to the right (> 5.5 walls) indicates the internal type of control (ICC) in the relevant situations. Deviation to the left from the norm (< 5,5 стенов) свидетельствует об экстернальном типе УСК.

Description of scales

• Scale of general internality (Io).
  • A high score on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations: internal control, internal personality. Such people believe that most of the important events in their lives are the result of their own actions, that they can control them, and thus they feel their own responsibility for these events and for how their life as a whole develops. The generalization of various experimental data allows us to speak of internals as more self-confident, more calm and benevolent, more popular in comparison with externals. They are distinguished by a more positive system of attitudes towards the world and a greater awareness of the meaning and goals of life.
  • A low score on this scale corresponds to a low level of subjective control: external control, external personality. Such people do not see the connection between their actions and the events of their lives that are significant for them, do not consider themselves capable of controlling their development. They believe that most of the events in their lives are the result of chance or other people's actions. The generalization of various experimental data allows us to speak of externals as people with increased anxiety and concern. They are distinguished by conformity, less tolerance for others and increased aggressiveness, less popular compared to internals.

• Scale of internality in the field of achievements (Id).
  • High scores on this scale correspond to a high level of subjective control over emotionally positive events and situations. Such people believe that they themselves have achieved all the good things that have been and are in their lives, and that they are able to successfully pursue their goals in the future.
  • Low scores on the scale indicate that a person attributes his successes, achievements and joys to external circumstances - luck, good fortune or the help of other people.

• School of internality in the field of failures (In).
  • High scores on this scale indicate a developed sense of subjective control over negative events and situations, which manifests itself in a tendency to blame oneself for various troubles and suffering.
  • Low scores indicate that a person tends to attribute responsibility for such events to other people or consider them the result of bad luck.

• Scale of internality in family relations (IS).
  • High rates mean that a person considers himself responsible for the events taking place in his family life.
  • Low values ​​indicate that the subject considers not himself, but his partners to be the cause of significant situations that arise in his family.

• Scale of internality in the field of industrial relations (IP).
  • High indicators also indicate that a person considers his actions an important factor in organizing his own production activities, developing relationships in the team, his advancement, etc.
  • Low values ​​indicate that a person tends to attribute more importance to external circumstances - management, workmates, good luck or bad luck.

• Scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations (Im).
  • High indicators indicate that a person considers himself responsible for building interpersonal relationships with others.
  • Low values ​​indicate that a person tends to attribute more importance in this process to the circumstances, the occasion, or the people around him.

• Scale of internship in relation to health and illness (Iz).
  • High rates indicate that a person considers himself largely responsible for his health: if he is sick, he blames himself for this and believes that recovery largely depends on his actions.
  • A person with low scores on this scale considers illness and health to be the result of an accident and hopes that recovery will come as a result of the actions of other people, especially doctors.

For professional diagnostics, the most informative are the results on the scale of internality in industrial relations (Ip). Results on other scales make it possible to build a multidimensional profile. Since most people are characterized by a more or less wide variability of behavior depending on specific social situations, the characteristics of subjective control can also change in a person depending on whether the situation seems to him complex or simple, pleasant or unpleasant, etc.

The level of subjective control increases as a result of psychological correction. At the same time, it should be remembered that internals prefer non-directive methods of psychological correction; and externals, as individuals with increased anxiety and prone to depression, are subjectively more satisfied with behavioral methods.

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INTRODUCTION

The level of subjective control is a generalized characteristic of the personality, which manifests itself in a similar way in different situations. Psychologists believe that the level of subjective control is associated with a person's sense of responsibility for what is happening "here and now", as well as for long-term consequences, that is, with social maturity and individual independence. For the first time, methods for diagnosing such a personality characteristic were tested in the 60s in the United States. The most famous among them is the scale of locus of control ( locus of control scale) developed by J. Rotter ( J.B. Rotter). This scale is based on the proposition that all people are divided into two types - internals and externals - depending on how they evaluate what causes various events in their lives and who is responsible for them. Every person can be valued on the scale "internality-externality". Internals have an internal locus of control, while externals have an external locus of control. Differences between the two types of localization of control can be significant in terms of success. professional activity(internal locus of control correlates significantly with the index of professional success).

Internal type people evaluate everything that happens to them. significant events as a result of their own activities. They work more productively in solitude, more active in the search for information. In addition, internal personalities are better at work that requires initiative. They are more decisive, self-confident, principled in interpersonal relationships, not afraid to take risks. Research shows that internal leaders are capable of exercising directive leadership successfully.

An external personality, on the contrary, interprets all the events taking place in her life as depending not on her, but on some external forces (God, other people, fate, etc.). Since the externals do not feel able to influence their lives in any way, to control the development of events, they relieve themselves of any responsibility for everything that happens to them. At the same time, they are characterized by greater conformity, more compliant and sensitive to the opinions and assessments of others. In general, external personalities turn out to be good performers, working effectively under the control of other people.

In domestic practice, it is used methodology for studying the level of subjective control(USK), created by E. F. Bazhin, E. A. Golynkina and A. M. Etkind at the Leningrad Psychoneurological Institute. V. M. Bekhterev based on the scale of J. Rotter. The authors of this technique proceed from the fact that the direction of subjective control in the same person may have variations in different areas of life. Therefore, USC includes a number of scales that measure not just internality-externality, but also manifestations of this characteristic in such areas as attitudes towards achievements, failures, health and illness, as well as in the sphere of family, industrial and interpersonal relations.

This experimental psychological technique makes it possible to relatively quickly and effectively assess the level of subjective control formed in the subject over a variety of life situations.

CHAPTER 1. THEORETICAL PART

This experimental psychological technique makes it possible to relatively quickly and effectively assess the level of subjective control formed in the subject over various life situations. Developed at the Research Institute. Bekhterev.

Subjective control is the tendency of a person to take responsibility for what happens to them and to make other people responsible. In contrast to the subjective, there can be a so-called objective control events in which they occur by the will of circumstances, chance, regardless of the desire of a person.

This technique assesses the extent to which a person is ready to take responsibility for what happens to him and around him. The subject is offered the following 44 statements, the answers to which indicate what level of subjective control the this person. With each of these judgments, the subject, after reading it, must express his agreement or disagreement.

For the first time, such methods were tested in the 60s in the United States. The most famous of them is the J. Rotter locus of control scale. This scale is based on two fundamental provisions.

1. People differ among themselves in how and where they localize control over significant events for themselves. Two polar types of such localization are possible: external and internal. In the first case, a person believes that the events happening to him are the result of the action of external forces - chance, other people, etc. In the second case, a person interprets significant events as the result of his own activity. Each person has a certain position on a continuum that extends from the external to the internal type.

2. The locus of control characteristic of the individual is universal in relation to any types of events and situations that he has to face. The same type of control characterizes the behavior of a given person both in case of failures and in the sphere of achievements, and this is in varying degrees concerns various areas social life.

Experimental work has established the relationship of various forms of behavior and personality parameters with externality-internality. Conformal and compliant behavior is more characteristic of people with an external locus. Internals, unlike externals, are less inclined to submit to the pressure of others, to resist when they feel that they are being manipulated, they react more strongly than externals to the loss of personal freedom. Individuals with internal loci of control perform better alone than under supervision or videotape. The opposite is true for externals.

Internals and externals differ in the ways of interpreting different social situations, in particular, in the ways of obtaining information and in the mechanisms of their causal explanation. Internals are more actively searching for information and are usually more aware of the situation than externals. In the same situation, internals attribute greater responsibility to the individuals involved in the situation. Internals avoid situational explanations of behavior more than externals.

Studies linking internality-externality with interpersonal relationships have shown that internals are more popular, more sympathetic, more self-confident, and more tolerant. There is a connection between high internality and positive self-esteem, with greater consistency of images of the real and ideal "I". Internals were found to be more active than externals in relation to their health: they are better informed about their condition, take more care of their health, and seek preventive care more often.

Externality correlates with anxiety, depression, and mental illness.

Internals prefer non-directive methods of psycho-correction; externals are subjectively more satisfied with behavioral methods.

All this gives sufficient reason to believe that the selection of a personal characteristic that describes the extent to which a person feels himself an active subject of his own activity, and to what extent - a passive object of the action of other people and external circumstances, reasonably existing empirical research and can contribute to further study of problems applied psychology personality.

The second above statement, on which the American tradition of locus research is based, seems hardly acceptable. Describing a personality with the help of generalized transsynthetic characteristics is insufficient. Most people have more or less wide variability in behavior depending on specific social situations. Features of subjective control, in particular, can change in the same person depending on whether the situation seems to him complex or simple, pleasant or unpleasant, etc. Therefore, it seems more promising to build a measurement of the locus of control not as one-dimensional characteristic, but as a multidimensional profile, the components of which are tied to the types of social situations of varying degrees of generalization.

The USK questionnaire consists of 44 items. In contrast to the scale of J. Rotter, it includes items that measure externality-internality in interpersonal and family relationships; it also includes items that measure CFR in relation to illness and health.

To increase the range of possible applications of the questionnaire, it was designed in two versions, differing in the format of the answers of the subjects.

Option A intended for research purposes, requires a response on a 6-point scale (-3, -2, -1, +1, +2, +3), and in which the answer "+3" means "strongly agree", "--3" - "totally disagree" with this paragraph.

Option B intended for psychodiagnostics, requires answers on a binary scale "agree - disagree".

Application:

The test is intended for individual and group examinations. The use of the USK questionnaire is possible when solving a wide range socio-psychological and medical-psychological problems in clinical psychodiagnostics, during professional selection, family counseling, etc. USC increases in the process psycho-corrective impact on personality. Therefore, USC can be used to assess the effectiveness of psychological correction methods.

CHAPTER 2. PRACTICAL PART

QUESTIONNAIRE USK (level of subjective control). DIAGNOSIS METHOD FOR THE LEVEL OF SUBJECTIVE CONTROL J. ROTTER, ADAPTATION OF E. F. BAZHIN, S. A. GOLYNKINA, A. M. ETKIND

The basis of the definition USC personality is subject to 2 prerequisites:

1. People differ among themselves in how and where they localize control over significant events for themselves. Two polar types of such localization are possible: external and internal. In the first case, a person believes that the events happening to him are the result of the action of external forces - chance, a friend of people, etc. In the second case, a person interprets significant events as the result of his own activity. Each person has a certain position on a continuum that extends from the external to the internal type.

2. The locus of control characteristic of the individual is universal in relation to any types of events and situations that he has to face. The same type of control characterizes the behavior of a given person in case of failures and in the sphere of achievements, and this is in equally concerns various areas of social life.

In other words, put one of the 6 proposed points against each statement with the corresponding sign "+" (agreement) or "-" (disagreement).

test level subjective control

test material. You are offered a series of statements. If you agree with what they say, then put a score with a “+” sign in the answer sheet, if not, then “-”.

Answer sheet

Processing of test results is carried out in several stages. The number corresponding to the choice determines the number of points received for each answer. First, using the keys, the scores for each scale are calculated (simple summation). In this case, the points for answers to questions with a “+” sign are summed up with their sign, and for questions with a “-” sign - with the opposite sign.

KEY

The processing of test results includes three stages.

Calculation of "raw" (preliminary) scores on 7 scales using key No. 1.

INDICATORS (SCALES):

1. And about - scale of general internality;

2. eid - scale of internality in the field of achievements;

3. I n - scale of internality in the field of failures;

4. Is - scale of internality in family relations;

5. Yip - the scale of internality in industrial relations;

6. Them - scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations;

7. From - scale of internality in relation to health and disease.

Table 1. For calculating "raw" scores on 7 scales. Calculate the sum of your scores on each of the 7 scales, while the questions indicated in the "+" column are taken with the sign of your score, and the questions indicated in the "-" column change the sign of your score to the opposite.

So, you have received 7 sums of points.

Translation of "raw" scores into walls (standard scores). The walls are presented on a 10-point scale and make it possible to compare the results of different studies.

Table 2. For converting "raw" scores into walls. Wall points:

Building a "USK profile" on 7 scales.

Set aside your 7 results (sten) on a 7-to-10 scale and also note the norm corresponding to 5.5 sten.

FOR EXAMPLE:

Analysis of results

Analyze quantitatively and qualitatively your indicators USC on 7 scales, comparing their: results (obtained "profile") with the norm. Deviation to the right (> 5.5 walls) indicates an internal type of control ( USC in appropriate situations. Deviation to the left from the norm (< 5,5 стенов) свидетельствует об экстернальном типе USK.

The results can also be presented as a graph or as a profile.

Example of a USC chart

USK profile example

Interpretation of the results

Psychologically, a person with high rate of subjective control possesses emotional stability, perseverance, determination, sociability, high self-control and restraint. Man with low subjective control emotionally unstable, prone to informal behavior, uncommunicative, poor self-control and high tension.

Description of the assessed scales:

1.General internality scale (And about ). A high score on this scale corresponds to a high level of subjective control over any significant situations. Such people believe that most of the important events in their lives are the result of their own actions, that they can control them, and thus they feel their own responsibility for these events and for how their life as a whole develops. Low on the scale And about corresponds to a low level of subjective control. Such people do not see the connection between their actions and life events that are significant to them, do not consider themselves able to control this connection and believe that most events and actions are the result of an accident or the actions of other people.

2. Scale of internality in the field of achievements (And d). High scores on this scale correspond to a high level of subjective control over emotionally positive events and situations. Such people believe that they themselves have achieved all the good things that have been and are in their lives, and that they are able to successfully pursue their goals in the future. Low scores on the scale eid indicate that a person attributes his successes, achievements and joys to external circumstances - luck, good fortune or the help of other people.

3. Scale of internality in the field of failures (Ying ) . High scores on this scale indicate a developed sense of subjective control over negative events and situations, which manifests itself in a tendency to blame oneself for various troubles and suffering. Low performance Ying indicate that a person is inclined to attribute responsibility for such events to other people or to consider these events the result of bad luck.

4. Scale of internality in family relations(Is) . High performance Is mean that a person considers himself responsible for the events taking place in his family life. Short Is indicates that the subject considers not himself, but his partners to be the cause of significant situations that arise in his family.

5. Scale of internality in the field of industrial relations (Is) . High Is indicates that a person considers his actions an important factor in organizing his own production activities, in developing relationships in a team, in his advancement, etc. Low Is indicates that a person tends to attribute more importance to external circumstances - management, workmates, luck - bad luck.

6. Scale of internality in the field of interpersonal relations (Them) . High rate Them indicates that a person considers himself able to control his formal and informal relationships with other people, to arouse respect and sympathy for himself. Short Them on the contrary, it indicates that a person cannot actively form his social circle and tends to consider his interpersonal relationships as the result of partners' activity.

7. Internality Scale for Health and Illness (From) . High performance From indicate that a person considers himself largely responsible for his health: if he is sick, he blames himself for this and believes that recovery largely depends on his actions. Man with a low From considers health and illness to be the result of an accident and hopes that recovery will come as a result of the actions of other people, especially doctors.

The study of self-esteem of people with different types subjective control showed that people with low USC characterize themselves as selfish, dependent, indecisive, unfair, fussy, hostile, insecure, insincere, dependent, irritable. people with high USC consider themselves kind, independent, decisive, fair, capable, friendly, honest, independent, unperturbed. In this way, USC associated with a person's feeling of his strength, dignity, responsibility for what is happening, with self-respect, social maturity and independence of the individual.

USK test table in the program

See below table for online test (click on table)

CONCLUSION

For professional diagnostics, the most informative are the results on the scale of internality in industrial relations (Ip). Results on other scales make it possible to build a multidimensional profile. Since most people are characterized by a more or less wide variability of behavior depending on specific social situations, the characteristics of subjective control can also change in a person depending on whether the situation seems to him complex or simple, pleasant or unpleasant, etc.

The level of subjective control increases as a result of psychological correction. At the same time, it should be remembered that internals prefer non-directive methods of psychological correction; and externals, as individuals with increased anxiety and prone to depression, are subjectively more satisfied with behavioral methods.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Ageev V.S. Attribution of responsibility for the success and failure of the group in intergroup interaction // Questions of Psychology. 1982, No. 6, pp. 101-106.

2. Bazhin E.F., Golynkina E.A., Etkind A.M. Method for studying the level of subjective control // Psychological. magazine 1984, No. 3, pp. 152-162.

3. Bykov S.V., Alasheev S.Yu. "Diagnosis of the locus of personality control in antisocial adolescent groups". Project "Sociological Journal", 2003, No. 1.

4. Eliseev O.P. Locus of control / Workshop on personality psychology - St. Petersburg, 2003, p. 413-417.

5. Karpenko L.A. The history of psychology in faces. Personalities. // Psychological lexicon. encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed. - comp. L.A. Karpenko. Under total ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: PER SE, 2005, 784 p.

6. Karpenko L.A. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed. - comp. Under total ed. Petrovsky A.V. - M.: PER SE, 2006, 176 p.

7. Kondratiev M. Yu Social Psychology. Dictionary. // Psychological lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed. - comp. L.A. Karpenko. Under total ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: PER SE, 2006, 176 p.

8. Kornilov A.P. "Activity psychology of personality" in the concept of G. Krampen // Questions of psychology. 1990, No. 2, pp. 159-164.

9. Miloradova N.G. Psychology: a step towards yourself - towards others. Tutorial. - M.: DIA, 2003, p.334 - 337

10. Muzdybaev K. Influence of forms of labor organization on the responsibility of the individual in production // Psychol. magazine 1983, No. 3, pp. 61-69.

11. Nemov R.S. "Psychology. In 3 books. Book 3. - 3rd ed. - M.: Vlados-press, 2004, - p. 394-402.

12. Pantileev S.R. Methods for measuring the locus of control // General psychodiagnostics / Ed.A. A. Bodaleva, V.V. Stolin. M.: Ed. Moscow State University, 1987, pp. 18, 23, 278-285.

13. Pashukova T.I., Dopira A.I., Dyakonov G.V. WORKSHOP ON GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY. Textbook for students of pedagogical universities.

14. Petrovsky A.V. General psychology. Dictionary. // Psychological lexicon. Encyclopedic Dictionary in six volumes / Ed. - comp. L.A. Karpenko. Under total ed. A.V. Petrovsky. - M.: PER SE, 2005. - 251 p.

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