Hike for students in grades 6 - 7, Abstract

Scenario of the campaign "Who goes where, and we are on a campaign!"

Author:Deputy Director for VR, teacher of geography and history, OGKOU Cherntsk boarding school for orphans and children left without parental care with disabilities, Ivanovo region.
Description: the scenario of the trip will be useful for physical education teachers, class teachers and educators during the week of physical education and sports, as well as in order to unite the children's team.
Target: evoke positive emotions in children - mental attitude and desire to lead healthy lifestyle life.
Tasks:
introduce children to the basics of recreation in natural conditions, the appointment of certain items needed in the campaign;
consolidate in practice knowledge of the basics safe behavior Outdoors;
cultivate a caring and considerate attitude towards environment, awaken feelings of love for nature, the desire to take care of it and protect it.

Dear guys, hello! It's coming amazing time- Hiking time.
Raise your hand who would like to go hiking native land?
Today we are going on a hike.
Many discoveries await us.
And our journey is not easy,
Gathering of tourists, that's what!
With you we are not children now
We are adult tourists.
Let's handle everything bravely
We will overcome everything on the way.
Our travel trip
It will bring us health.
To become a tourist who knows and loving nature you have to go hiking. Today we will play, hold competitions to test your readiness for a real hike.
Now, with the help of a counting rhyme, we will be divided into two groups.
Tourist counter.
A little light
And he's on his feet.
With a soul in a backpack
Mountains, paths,
dreams
And the wind in my head.
We let's go the way along the forest paths and the team that will be the first to pass this path will win our game.
In tasks, for each correct answer, teams will receive tokens in kilometers (1 km). Let's sum up at the end of the game. The team that "walked" more "kilometers" will be the winner.
So the testing begins. We need to get ready for a hike. What to bring? Now we will find out.
Exercise 1. We're going on a hike.
Teams take turns guessing riddles and receive a token for the correct answer.
1. The arrow swings back and forth,
Shows us north and south without difficulty. Compass

2. Two belts hang on me,
There are pockets on the back.
And go on a hike with me -
I'll hang on my back. Backpack

3. What will this eye look at -
All the picture will convey. Camera

4. They go on a hike and take a house,
Where people don't live. Tent

5. He is very needed on a campaign,
He is very friendly with fires.
You can cook an ear in it,
Boil fragrant tea. bowler hat

6. Separately - I'm not so tasty,
But beautiful, salty,
And in food - everyone needs. Salt

7. Guess easily and quickly:
Soft, fluffy and fragrant.
He is black, he is white
And it gets burned. Bread

8. The sea is shallow.
The coast is a plate.
In the midst of seething waters
The ship sinks into the sea.
Scooped up potatoes
Feed Antoshka.
Hooray! Mel is visible!
The sea is drunk to the bottom! A spoon

It is very important to eat tasty and varied food during the trip. The culinary skills of individual tourists sometimes turn into a hobby that is pleasant both for themselves and for their hiking comrades.
Task 2. Tourist cuisine.
Participants receive a token for a correct answer.
1. What method do tourists use to bake potatoes with a ruddy and crispy crust? Washed and dried tubers are buried in hot ash. Less known way: clean, dry sand is poured into a large tin can or bucket, potatoes are closed in it and hot coals are wrapped around it; The potatoes are ready in about an hour.
2. How to bake fish on a camping trip using wooden or metal rods? Put the fish on the rods and place over the burning coals of the fire.
3. Name the plants that can be eaten immediately in the forest or in the meadow without cooking. Sorrel
4. What plants can be used to make strong, fragrant tea during a hike? Blooming Sally; lingonberry leaves
You can also use mushrooms for cooking.
Task 3.Assorted mushrooms.
Experts of mushrooms come out from each team and, according to the illustrations, determine edible and inedible mushrooms.
Task 4. Ecological tasks.
1. In the forest, a glass bottle caused a fire. How many trees will die from a fire in 2 hours if up to 9 trees burn down in 10 minutes.
Solution. 2 hours=120 min. 120: 10 = 12 12 * 9=108 (trees)
Answer: in 2 hours, 108 trees will die from a fire.
(Remember! Glass left in the forest can cause a fire. Why?)

2. About 81,800 people live in our Lezhnevsky district. Imagine that every twentieth of them, having been in a neighboring forest, will throw a bag of chips there and plastic bottle. How many bags and bottles will be under each tree if there are 100 firs, 100 birches, 100 aspens and 100 maples in the forest.
Solution. 81800:20=4090 (garbage) 100+100+100+100=400(trees)
4090:400=10(pcs)
Answer: under each tree there are approximately 10 pieces of garbage.
3. One butterfly, on average, to be full, must taste the nectar of seven flowers. How many butterflies will be left without dinner if, walking in the meadow, we pick 56 flowers for a bouquet?
56:7=8 (butterflies)
Answer: 8 butterflies will be left without dinner.

4. With the right management forestry after deforestation, the clearing is completely cleared of brushwood and wood residues. Felled trunks, temporarily left in the forest for the summer, are supposed to be cleaned of bark. What is the significance of these rules for the forest?

Answer: the implementation of the described rules prevents the occurrence of foci of insect pests, which can later move to living trees.
And now let's check how you know the plants of our forest.
Task 5. What branch are the kids from?
Let's find out what branch these kids are from.
Each team has the fruits of different plants. I will lift up a branch of any plant with the words: "Who has children from this branch?" Whose team has the fruits of this plant, raise their hands. So the branch will find its fruit.
You can predict the weather while hiking various features. Now let's check if you can do it?
Task 7.Weather.
1. Sparrows bathe in dust. It will be hot.
2. It's raining, and bubbles in puddles. The rain is lingering.
3. Mosquitoes flying in clouds after sunset. For good weather.
4. Swallows fly low to the ground. To the rain
5. Abundant dew in the morning. For good weather.
6. Ants close the passages in the anthill. To the rain
Well done! I'm sure that bad weather won't take you by surprise. Tourism and nature are inseparable concepts. Nature is beautiful - she herself makes the life of those who love her, who knows how to look at her with kind eyes, more beautiful, brighter and richer. It is important not only to defend wildlife yourself, it is important to convince your comrades of this, it is important to be able to say “no” when necessary.
Task 7.Rules of conduct in the campaign.
After pronouncing the phrase by me, you must say the appropriate word - “it is impossible” or “it is necessary”.
1. Destroy natural monuments. It is forbidden
2. Protect plants, admire the beauty of flowers in nature, walk along the paths. Need
3. Equip and clean recreation areas. Need
4. Dig up plants. It is forbidden
5. Pollute natural environment. It is forbidden
6. Protect and feed animals and birds. Need
7. Disturb animals, destroy anthills, bird nests. It is forbidden
8. Preserve and protect monuments of culture and nature. Need
The earth is ours big house in which we all live. And the owner of this house is a man. And this owner must be kind and caring. You passed the test, and now let's check how many "kilometers" each team has overcome. The members of the winning team are awarded medals to the “Experienced Tourist”, and the second team, which also successfully passed the path, is awarded medals to the “Beginner Tourist”.
The results of competitions are announced, medals and sweet prizes are awarded. Now you are real tourists, happy roads to you, guys!
Sources:
Volina V. Riddles from A to Z. - M .: OLMA - Press, 1999. - 316 p.
If you are in the forest...Forest cuisine will help you // Yun. Naturalist, - №8 2001
Ishutinova L.M. Mushrooms are mushrooms. // Beginning school №6 2000
Pleshakov A.A. Green Pages. - M.: Enlightenment, 1996. - 220p.

I remember that I graduated from the ninth grade, and to us, as a reward and encouragement for diligent study (well, although, as diligent, more likely tolerant), we class teacher I decided to award a joint trip to the forest. After last call and solemn events the whole class, dressed in old sportswear(the sight is still the same), with backpacks, tents and provisions, he set out on a hike to the nearest forest. Our class teacher, Tatyana Danilovna, burdened with a social burden in the form of a trip, without much enthusiasm, closed the noisy column of ninth-graders who thought they were adults. She was surrounded by girls from among the so-called honors students, who had a fascinating conversation with her on disgustingly boring topics.

An invariable attribute of every hike in the forest is a pot for cooking camping porridge.

This heavy object, stained on the outside with a thick layer of soot, everyone flatly refused to carry. The hard fate of moving this ill-fated cauldron fell to me and my desk neighbor.

At first, we walked along with the rest of the guys and animatedly told jokes, but with every ten meters, one question began to bother us more and more: “Why did the hands of two sports guys gradually “fall off” from the bowler hat?”. A fateful decision was made to look into this metal container. Imagine our surprise when inside, instead of unpeeled potatoes and millet porridge, we found an impressive cake decorated with cream roses and chocolate petals, inviting to exhaustion.

By this time we were pretty hungry. The temptation to try this miracle culinary arts more and more with every step. We looked at each other, and our legs began to instinctively accelerate, so that we soon overtook all our classmates by a good half a kilometer.

Hiding behind the nearest shrub, we first carefully, with a finger, removed a rose from the top of the cake. Then, probably no longer in control of themselves, they took out spoons from hiking backpacks and carefully, spoon by spoon, began to taste the cake. Initially, it was thought that no one would notice this, but at the end of the tasting, a little less than half of the cake was left. Although, this also had its advantages: the bowler hat noticeably lost weight, and it was much easier to carry it. Before we arrived at the appointed place in the forest, we made similar forced marches several more times, so, in the end result, there were about a couple of pieces of cake left.

Of course, I didn’t particularly want to listen to reproaches and morals about this. We began to whine that we didn’t have the strength to carry this burden at all, and therefore the teacher instructed the rest of the way to carry the bowler hat to someone else ... Finally, our dream came true! The travel map led us to a vast clearing, where classmates with tourist experience began to pitch tents.

Since I didn’t know much about this, I decided to start lighting a fire and collecting brushwood.

Soon, the girls spread the covers and set the table. Since they didn’t plan to cook porridge right away, to our great happiness, the ill-fated cauldron was placed behind one of the tents and forgot about it that evening.

However, just like the next morning, due to the rest full of events and impressions, no one remembered the cake, or did not attach any importance to it. Then everything was according to the standard scheme: some banal children's games, such as hide and seek, songs with a guitar by the fire and some boring stories of our class teacher.

The most interesting began only when the blood-bright sun disappeared behind the tops of the nearest trees.

Games have grown noticeably. Instead of hide-and-seek and hide-and-seek, having closed ourselves in the tent and having previously traced where the watchful eye of our teacher was, listening to the slightest rustle, we opened a bottle of vodka. Unfortunately, the photo report of this part of the trip, unlike the official events, has not been preserved. It was the first time that I, with the air of a hardened connoisseur and connoisseur, tried alcohol.

It was not enough for each of those present, just a little bit. But it was so powerful that I vaguely remember the rest of the night. I remember that I hardly slept, it seemed that they went swimming in the river. I only remember how the yellow disk of the moon illuminated a long golden path on the water surface. Then there was another game at least, for me, she was at that time too adult. This is a bottle game. Already emboldened, and not afraid of the teacher, who prudently did not notice our, to put it mildly, drunken conversations, we played with the same bottle of alcohol.

The morning was not as enchanting as the evening and night.

I had to experience another new sensation, when, after "yesterday", my head ached, and I was very thirsty. I, unlike my more or less experienced classmates in this matter, felt terrible. Soon after breakfast, the teacher had some urgent business, and we hurriedly began to pack up for home.

After that, there were many more trips, both with tents, and just to barbecue in the forest, but this one was unique, at least that's how it will remain in my memory.

Organization of a tourist trip for schoolchildren.

At school, the most acceptable are educational and training trips, which can have different goals:

Recreational, educational, sports, cognitive and others.

It is difficult to clearly formulate one goal of the campaign, but by all means it must be formulated and brought to the attention of each participant in the campaign.

Physical activity -tourism is great for getting kids and teenagers involved in sports tourism so that they can see for themselves the benefits of regular exercise.

Support good condition health -it is to encourage the desire of children to engage in sports tourism to maintain health. Good physical health achieved through an active lifestyle. Sports tourism creates unique opportunities for this.

Social activity -team building and social activity during the implementation of the sports trip program. This is a program where every member of the team is of great value. Sports tourism enhances the educational opportunities of the school.

The nature of the adventureexpectation of the result of a tourist trip, increasing interest in it, stimulates the teenager to prepare for the trip worldwide. The main sign of a hiking trip is the unknown. end result and make it interesting.

Sports content of school tourism

The sports content of tourism is to overcome on your own and means of natural various obstacles on the route, difficulties and deprivation of camp life. This overcoming must be pre-calculated, feasible and necessarily successful; it is carried out personally by each participant, but in conditions of collective interaction.

The sports content of the hike includes:

a) natural obstacles (rope crossings, ascents, descents, length of transitions, total mileage of the trip),

b) orientation in unfamiliar terrain using a compass and a map,

B) autonomous life support,

D) tourist and local history work.

For increase pedagogical potential hiking is important democratic style of leadership, respectful attitude hikers to each other.

Tourism creates a favorable environment for the development of labor and strong-willed skills. On a hike, a tourist learns to overcome obstacles, cook food, chop wood, put up a tent. The teacher teaches this by his own example. During the hike, such aspects of the character of the pupils open up before the teacher, which, it is impossible to know in the conditions of ordinary school life. The tourist group is not a class. Camping life brings tourists together, they get to know each other better. Often the tourist team effectively influences violators of discipline.

Group assembly.

The recruitment of the group is related to the goals of the campaign and can be carried out in two ways.

First way - first they set a goal, and then they select suitable participants in the campaign.

Second way - identify those who wish, and then outline feasible goals for them. The composition of the group depends on physical fitness, range and complexity of the hike, the tourist experience of the participants in the hike. But in any case, the group should not exceed 15-20 people.

When choosing a group, you need to take an interest in the health status of the hikers and take into account that tourism has a beneficial effect on some diseases, strengthens and tempers weakened guys.

Hike organization

The organization of the campaign begins with a meeting of all those who wish to participate in it. At the meeting, the leader of the hike reports the goal, route and duration of the hike, distributes assignments, and agrees on the next meeting.

At the meeting, an approximate list of personal equipment is read out and it is explained what can be replaced with what if there is no home.

Before a long hike Parent meeting, where the goal, range, and duration of the trip are reported.

Important in the organization of the group is the distribution of responsibilities: group commander, assistant commander, supply manager, orderly, secretary or correspondent, photographer, videographer, topographer.

Route selection and development.

The choice and development of the route begins with the choice of the intended travel area. After that, the development of the route begins, on the map it is divided into days, the distances of daytime crossings are measured, the approximate places for overnight stays, day trips, if necessary, are determined. research work and excursions, places where food will be replenished, develop fallback options in case it is necessary to shorten or increase the route. After all this is done, a timetable is drawn up.

Drawing up a budget.

The cost estimate should include the cost of transport, the purchase of products, the rental and purchase of equipment, a reserve for an unforeseen event.

Meals on the trip

Compiling a diet.

The food ration is compiled taking into account the duration and complexity of the trip, the season, the tastes and habits of the participants in the trip, the ability to replenish food on the basis of requirements and rational nutrition.

Procurement, packaging and storage of products.

After the food ration of the trip is drawn up, the purchase of products begins, which is entrusted to all participants in the trip and controlled by the leader and supply manager of the group.

There are specific requirements for the packaging of products: all products must be packed in cloth bags, containers with tight-fitting flask lids.

After careful packaging, the products are placed in backpacks.

Hiking equipment

Equipment is divided into personal, group and special.

Personal equipment includes wearable items, bedding and washing items and items for personal use. Group equipment - tents, axes, dishes, maps, compasses, boats. Special equipment - life jackets, ropes, mosquito nets, first aid kits.

Special requirements are placed on tourist shoes - these are well-worn sneakers, boots with low heels, preferably with grooved soles. Put a felt insole in them, saturate them with a lubricant that will protect them from getting wet. It is better to wear soft woolen socks when hiking. They absorb sweat, crumpled to go in them, folds do not form on them. The most comfortable clothing for a tourist is clothing sports type, better from cotton fabrics, windbreakers.

Campaign results behavior

The behavior of the results of the trip is carried out in the form of: photo stands, videos, organization and holding of a tourist evening, a pedagogical report of the trip, a financial report, drawing up a trip passport.

Tourism has always attracted schoolchildren. They go on trips with great pleasure. What attracts them? Most likely, an informal atmosphere of communication, novelty of impressions, romance and spirit of adventure.

However, hiking is not only fun, but also big job. First of all, it is necessary to decide what kind of trip the whole class will arrange, for what purpose do they go on it?

The most important thing when organizing a trip is to find an interesting, meaningful goal. These can be adventure trips (for example, jeeping), scientific (ornithological, ethnographic, etc.), educational (learn new facts about the area, visit local museums, historical places). Or maybe just walks with the passing collection of berries, mushrooms, fishing, or the goal may be elementary outdoor recreation.

It is interesting to know, to see your native land not from the windows of an apartment or transport, but with your own eyes? Therefore, such unattractive, at first glance, trips to the suburbs turn out to be actually fascinating and educational.

You can just go on a hike, or you can - in the composition scientific expedition. And help professionals in their scientific work: archaeological excavations, restoring historical objects, observing animals, birds and recording this information, etc.

Interesting and hiking with educational purpose: walk, for example, through Pushkin's places in the Leningrad and Pskov regions. Moreover, along the road along which he himself drove great poet, go to the postal station (now - a museum stationmaster where he rested. Walk, feel, absorb the beauty of the region that inspired the great artist of the word. Then his poems and prose works will be perceived differently.

You can outline several provincial towns and set a goal to explore their sights.

You can also go hiking in a completely unfamiliar area, having previously reached the beginning of the intended path by any type of transport (bus, train, plane). Hiking of schoolchildren at any time of the year in the Caucasus is very popular. Children return home tired, but satisfied: a different climate, exotic terrain, a lot of new experiences - everything is mysterious and interesting.

With financial availability, trips to other countries are informative and exciting.

Ski trips, cycling, horseback riding, jeep trips, and kayaking along the river are popular. But in this case, good special physical training is required.

For whatever purpose schoolchildren go on a hike, it is always an unforgettable experience, new acquaintances, the acquisition of useful skills, abilities, knowledge. For example, if the guys were on a hike, then the ability to navigate, quickly light a fire, put up a tent, cook food from what is at hand.

In order for the campaign to be successful and all participants to be satisfied, the organizers of this event need to do a lot of preliminary work.

It is difficult to choose a destination and a route. In order for them to be accepted by all the guys in the class who are going to participate in the trip, adults need to correctly and easily present the program chosen by the majority, emphasize particularly interesting points, and interest them. The purpose and route scheme should be explained to all the guys and understood by them: how many kilometers are planned to be covered in a day, what is the daily routine, what everyone should do on halts. Otherwise, someone thinks that he is going for a walk, someone - to get acquainted with the sights, etc. There will be discontent, misunderstanding.

Each child should understand their role in the campaign. Who will be the assistant manager, who will be the treasurer, cook, supply manager, etc.

Each campaign, no matter how long it lasts: a day, a week, should logically end with a report. It can be photographs, short notes, interesting sketches.

school tourism is a powerful educational tool. The craving for hiking in teenagers is so strong that they overwhelmingly prefer it to any other form of summer vacation.

Working with the class, tourism can be used to solve many problems. pedagogical tasks, for example, on the re-education of "difficult".

It is difficult to overestimate the effectiveness of the conducted trips: the knowledge, skills and abilities of students are noticeably enriched, their attitude to learning improves; traits such as discipline, a sense of friendship, diligence, initiative, ingenuity, endurance, courage, love of nature, etc.

But without scientific evidence pedagogical guidance, correct methodology preparation and conduct of trips and travel tourism for schoolchildren in best case turns out to be just a recreational walk. In the worst case, tourism can turn into its opposite - a mindless vagrancy that contributes to the emergence of negative traits in students.

A tourist trip should be as subordinate to the idea comprehensive development personality. This requires a well-thought-out system of influence on students, including moral, aesthetic, labor education and polytechnic training. The hike should contribute, on the one hand, to the deepening and expansion of the knowledge already available to the children, and on the other hand, to gain new ones in the process of observation. various phenomena nature. During hikes and travels, it is necessary to develop an exploratory approach to the environment in children. So, for example, during our trip, one group of students had to make a description of the economy of the diversified millionaire collective farm "Trudovik" in the Kurdai district, Dzhambul region. The students were trained in advance targeted surveillance, conducting conversations with representatives of the collective farm, using statistical data, etc. Another group studied the settlement ancient city Yakalyga, on the territory of which the collective farm was located.

The third group collected data on the revolutionary past of the village, on the participants in the Great Patriotic War, about the first five-year plans. The fourth group studied the natural data of the collective farm and its environs. The students received these tasks for all the objects planned for study on the route long before the start of the trip, and therefore they successfully completed them. When uniting children in individual groups, they were taken into account individual characteristics, their inclinations.

Physical education in the campaign was planned in three areas:

1. Sanitation and hygiene.

2. Physical work.

3. Physical exercises.

The task of sanitary and hygienic work is to inculcate a number of knowledge, skills and abilities that ensure the prevention of diseases, the provision necessary assistance in case of illness, reasonable allowance weather conditions day and night, keeping campsites clean, etc. Physical labor on a hike is mainly self-service labor (gathering firewood, cooking, putting inventory in order, etc.). At the same time, schoolchildren can provide all possible assistance to the workers of the village during long-term parking. So, for example, on the Trudovik collective farm, for three days, we worked for several hours at the collective farm current, and also helped to pick apples in the collective farm orchard. Physical culture and sports activities in the campaign should not take too much time. Morning exercises should be mandatory, after a day's rest - a short (about an hour) ball game, organized swimming in ponds, not very tiring outdoor games at the end of the working day. And on some days, for example, we didn’t have any sports games, but the guys did not notice this, because they were busy with interesting work.

planning physical education students on a hike, it is necessary to proceed from the data on their state of health, take into account the level of sanitary and hygienic culture, attitude to work. All this must be taken into account both in preparation for the campaign, and during the campaign.

Hiking have great importance and for moral education schoolchildren. They truly contain unlimited possibilities to develop and consolidate moral standards and rules of conduct, help to prevent and overcome the negative behavior of students, for example, anti-collectivism, lack of initiative, shyness, laziness, cowardice, etc. various situations that would help students develop positive and eradicate negative traits of his character.

Misha D. was a weak student; At the same time, the boy had, as they say, “golden hands”: he was good at carpentry tools, could repair a torn shoe, showed enviable quick wits in everyday situations. It was necessary to make sure that the guys saw and appreciated all his skills and abilities. Therefore, appropriate assignments were selected for Misha in advance, such as setting up a stand for a camping newspaper, setting up a “stove” for cooking, monitoring the correct installation of tents, etc.

Much attention was paid to the labor and polytechnic training of students during the campaign. The route was developed in such a way that the guys had the opportunity to get acquainted with a number of industrial and agricultural facilities. So, for example, in one of the campaigns it was supposed to carefully study the Chumysh water-retaining dam, visit highly mechanized dairy farms on collective farms and state farms, etc. Great Opportunities provide tourist trips to organize meetings with representatives of various professions. During our trip, the children's attention was especially drawn to the most significant aspects of the activities of machine operators, doctors, gardeners, livestock specialists, engineers, agronomists, workers, scientists, whom they had to meet on the trip.

When developing travel routes, consultations were held with subject teachers, who gave a lot valuable advice. So, for example, the geographer recommended that the children pay attention to the results of the action of weathering forces in the Kurdai Mountains; the teacher of literature advised to read with the children the story of D. Furmanov "Mutiny", where the Kurdai Pass is very interestingly described, as well as other places that the detachment was supposed to visit; the biologist suggested where one could see rice plantations, gave a list of the names of many plants, animals, birds, insects that might be encountered along the way; the singing teacher taught the children marching songs.

Such consultations are essential condition effectiveness of trips in cognitive and educational terms.

Before each hike, it is also necessary to carry out appropriate work with parents so that they can monitor the preparation of children for the hike at home, for example, remind them to do physical exercises regularly, to prepare attributes of personal hiking equipment, etc. Home help parents in preparation for hiking is to fully inform class teacher about the characteristics of their children.

Preparations for the summer campaign should be carried out long time. This is sometimes forgotten in schools: in none of the seventy-three plans of class teachers, plans of leaders of geographical and historical circles for the first three quarters school year we did not meet any mention of preparations for the campaign. Managers begin to think about this just a few days before the end of the school year.

We started preparations for the summer trip around our native land already in September and continued it all year long. Attention should be paid to the difference between preparing for the first campaign and preparing for subsequent ones. When preparing for a hike for the first time, special importance should be attached to the discipline of students, their obedience and diligence. In order to instill in the children the skills and abilities of purposeful observation, it is possible to conduct excursions around the city during the school year, exits to its surroundings. So, for example, my class and I conducted excursions to industrial enterprises, studied all the historical places and monuments of Alma-Ata, made several training trips in the vicinity of the city. Each tour was held under the motto: "See more - know more." The children learned to keep diaries, take pictures, make photo montages about the excursion, learn to observe and comprehend what they saw and heard. After each excursion around the city or going out into its vicinity, the students were given an assessment of their behavior.

Much of what is done in preparation for the first campaign subsequently no longer requires time and effort, however, the work begun on instilling discipline and research skills must necessarily continue in the future. When preparing the trip, the class teacher should remember that the keen interest of students in the trip, the desire to take part in it depends largely on what kind of idea the children have about the upcoming trip. So, for example, in preparation for a twenty-day tourist trip along the route Alma-Ata - Frunze - Dzhambul - Talas Valley, the guys read the relevant literature, met with archaeologists from the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR, learned that they would see traces of excavations of ancient Taraz, the tomb of Aisha-Bibi and Bobadzhi-Khatum, will reach the famous Manas kumbez, will admire the enchanting spectacle of the source of the Talas River and much more. Preparing for a trip along the route Alma-Ata - Przhevalsk, our guys learned from literature and from the stories of knowledgeable people that on their way they would meet the ancient Turkic settlement Balasagun, its suburb Kirmirau, where for more than a thousand years famous tower Burana, Boom Gorge, unforgettable in its beauty, many settlements, sanatoriums, etc. From the works of Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, the children learned that at the bottom of Issyk-Kul on a clear, fine day, one can see traces of the city flooded in ancient times. They also learned that in the area of ​​the village of Bogatyrovka, objects can be found under water, indicating that people once lived on the site of the current Issyk-Kul. During the preliminary study of the route, we corresponded with schoolchildren of the places we were going to visit. Throughout the school year, the guys received very interesting letters. They wrote to us that they would be happy to meet us and help to better explore the sights of the village or city, they reported very valuable information. Each of these letters was a holiday in the life of the class, and the more the guys learned about the route, the stronger their interest in the campaign became.

Conducting a campaign requires great pedagogical skills from the class teacher.

As experience shows, the whole life of a traveling detachment should be built on the principles of self-government.

On a campaign, as a rule, a detachment commander is selected from among the most experienced, quick-witted guys. Senior groups obey him. Each of the participants in the campaign clearly knows the scope of their duties. All this ensures fairly well-coordinated actions of the detachment. At first glance, it may seem that in this case the role of the class teacher consists only in the fact of his presence in the detachment. But this is only at first glance! When preparing for a trip, it is impossible to foresee all the surprises, all difficult situations, and they appear at every step. The task of the leader is to act quickly, correctly, pedagogically justified in such cases.

Finished work day on a hike. Each group did general review area around the parking lot, the editorial board posted the first issue of the wall newspaper "Young Traveler". Some guys show their sketches. Retreat is coming. The squad leader shows a list of night shifts. Yura M., mindful of his timidity, decided to put in not at two in the morning, but at twenty-three o'clock tonight. Everyone dispersed into tents. First, the fearless Vitya S. is on duty, Yura replaces him. He takes Vitya's pocket watch, flashlight, whistle, alpenstock. Post ten meters from the tents. The boy looks around in a strange way, then, shifting from foot to foot, turns three hundred and sixty degrees several times and thus moves closer and closer to the tents. Can't handle the fear that's on him! I have to deliberately cough loudly and leave the tent. Yura instantly finds herself in the right place.

- Everything is fine?

- Not scary?

- A little bit.

- I was also scared for the first time in the army, then nothing, I got used to it. We must learn to suppress fear.

Before the shift, Yura stood without moving a single meter towards the tents. Over time, he became much bolder. And after graduating from school, being a border guard soldier, in the very first letter he remembered our campaigns and, among other things, wrote: “Here some soldiers were at first afraid no less than I was then on the lake. Those shifts went to my future use.

It is necessary to think about summing up the results of the campaign not after its completion, but ... long before it begins. Students should know in advance that at the end of the trip they will have to make a reporting exhibition, replenish the exhibits school museum.

Upon returning from the campaign, we left all the collected material in the school museum. From the very first days of September, they began to process it, inviting teachers to help, turning to scientists. After processing the material, an exhibition was organized, at which the participants of the campaign were guides. Not only students but also parents were invited to the exhibition. After the exhibition, some of the finds were transferred to the Republican Museum of Local Lore, the rest remained at the school.

In conclusion, a pioneer gathering was held or, when the guys became older, a cool Komsomol meeting, at which the campaign was analyzed, its results were summed up, and the plan for preparing for a new journey was approved.

Some of our finds are stored and exhibited in the Republican Museum of Local Lore of the Kazakh SSR. There you can see fragments of ancient water pipes, Turgesh coins, a ceramic slab with the image of human figures, indicating that the Nestorian Turks once lived in the Chui valley, whom the French envoy Wilhelm Robruk met on his way to the residence Mongol Khan Menke and who left a note about this in his diary; a whistling Mongol arrow that stuck in the wall of the Burana tower for more than seven hundred years and was discovered by us during one of our campaigns; fragments of ancient pottery. The Dzhambul Regional Museum of Local Lore exhibits a bronze knight's helmet found by us in the floodplain of the Chu River.

There are many photographs in the albums of the school museum. In many photographs interesting people with whom young tourists met on hikes. Among them are writers S. Mukanov, M. Zverev; M. Gorshkova, who personally knew Przhevalsky and told a lot about him to the guys; famous climber R. Marechek; chairman of the collective farm-millionaire P. Zaitsev and others.

In the class with which we went on five multi-day trips (from 20 to 35 days), there were nine "difficult" teenagers. All of them successfully completed school, became good people. Of course, the re-education of these teenagers was possible not only thanks to the organization of hiking trips. But without them, the attraction of class life would be weaker, and the opportunities to influence students would be much less.

A. S. Makarenko repeatedly emphasized that a person should not be sculpted, but forged, that is, create a chain of such difficulties, such exercises, thanks to which positive traits personality. School tourism, subject to the use of all its pedagogical opportunities can be considered truly a forge for forging many features of the younger generation.