AT this collection 9 crossword puzzles were placed in all sections of the biology course of the 7th grade.
Each crossword contains at least 10 words that are concepts, definitions and biological terms, helping to form subject and metasubject results learning. Crossword puzzles contribute to the individualization of learning. This material designed to work at any stage of the lesson and during extracurricular activities. Using these crosswords, you can test knowledge, consolidate, systematize, which is important when studying a large number theoretical material given to 7th grade students.
Data test tasks compiled according to the textbook General biology» Grade 11 edited by Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Professor V.B. Zakharov. Designed for students profile level. Can be used when fixing the topic "Relationships between organisms"
Target audience: for grade 11
Independent work involves:
- The ability to independently acquire a certain set of knowledge on the subject;
- Leadership search job using additional sources information;
- Ability to observe, compare and draw conclusions based on theoretical knowledge;
- Implementation of control over the quality and depth of the acquired knowledge.
The teacher independently regulates the time for completing tasks, depending on the level of preparation of students, their ability to work independently. Defines a place independent work in class, in
The manual is intended for teachers for classes in grades 9 or 11, for schoolchildren for training and self-control when studying the topic "Ecology". The material of the manual consists of cards with concepts and terms (70 pieces) and cards with definitions of these concepts and terms. Before starting classes, the manual must be printed (the last page can be used to design the back of the cards), the pages with the cards must be cut. You can organize work with cards different ways and on different stages lesson.
Wide use laboratory work in educational process makes it more interesting, improves the quality of teaching, promotes the development of cognitive and research activities, development logical thinking and creative independence of students.
In order to save time, it is advisable to use instructional cards when conducting laboratory work. A set of instructive cards for students of the senior general education school is proposed in this paper.
Attention is drawn to the texts of instructional maps with conclusions on laboratory work.
Target audience: for teachers
Compiler of the test "Kingdom of Prokaryotes" Shipacheva Nadezhda Sergeevna, biology teacher at MBOU "Yayskaya osh No. 3" in the town of Yaya. The test allows you to test the knowledge of students in grade 7. The test consists of 3 tasks. Test answers are attached.
Target audience: for grade 7
These tasks are developed in accordance with the program and the 9th grade biology textbook, the authors are I.N. Ponomareva, O.A. Kornilov, N.M. Chernova. The work is intended to test knowledge on the relevant topic for students in grade 9. It can be used to consolidate the learned material, as well as in preparation for the OGE. Suitable for general lessons. To make it easier to check the task, the correct answers are presented.
Target audience: for grade 9
The tests are intended for conducting a credit lesson in grade 10 on the topic “Evolution organic world". Tests are prepared in 2 versions, in USE form. Thematic test tasks in several versions will help students in preparing for the exam. The development is designed for students of specialized classes general education schools With in-depth study biology, I hope, will assist biology teachers in conducting intermediate control knowledge on the topic "Evolution of the organic world" in the 10th grade.
Target audience: for grade 10
Thematic assignments for preparing for the exam in biology
A1. Biology as a science studies:
1) common features structures of plants and animals
2) the relationship of living and inanimate nature
3) processes occurring in living systems
4) the origin of life on Earth
A2. I.P. Pavlov in his works on digestion used the research method:
1) historical 2) descriptive 3) experimental 4) biochemical
A3. Ch. Darwin's assumption that everyone modern look or groups of species were common ancestors- this is:
1) theory 2) hypothesis 3) fact 4) proof
A4. Embryology studies:
1) development of the body from the zygote to birth 2) the structure and functions of the egg 3) postpartum human development 4) the development of the body from birth to death
A5. The number and shape of chromosomes in a cell is determined research method
1) biochemical 2) cytological 3) centrifugation 4) comparative
A6. Selection as a science solves problems
1) creation of new varieties of plants and animal breeds 2) conservation of the biosphere3) creation of agrocenoses4) creation of new fertilizers
A7. Patterns of inheritance of traits in humans are established by the method
1) experimental 2) hybridological 3) genealogical 4) observations
A8. The specialty of a scientist who studies fine structures chromosomes, is called: 1) breeder 2) cytogeneticist 3) morphologist 4) embryologist
A9. Systematics is the science that deals with
1) study external structure organisms 2) studying the functions of an organism 3) identifying relationships between organisms 4) classifying organisms
A10. The level at which the processes of biogenic migration of atoms are studied is called:
1) biogeocenotic 2) biospheric 3) population-species 4) molecular-genetic
A11. At the population-species level, they study:
1) gene mutations 2) interconnections of organisms of the same species 3) organ systems 4) metabolic processes in the body
A12. Maintaining Relative Constancy chemical composition organism is called
1) metabolism 2) assimilation 3) homeostasis 4) adaptation
A13. The occurrence of mutations is associated with such a property of the organism as
1) heredity 2) variability 3) irritability 4) self-reproduction
A14. Which of the following biological systems forms the most high level life?
1) amoeba cell 2) smallpox virus 3) herd of deer 4) nature reserve
A15. Pulling the hand away from a hot object is an example
1) irritability 2) ability to adapt 3) inheritance of traits from parents 4) self-regulation
A16. Photosynthesis, protein biosynthesis are examples
1) plastic metabolism 2) energy metabolism substances 3) nutrition and respiration 4) homeostasis
A17. Which of the terms is synonymous with the concept of "metabolism"?
1) anabolism 2) catabolism 3) assimilation 4) metabolism
A18. The polarity of water determines its ability
1) conduct heat 2) dissolve sodium chloride 3) absorb heat
4) dissolve glycerin
A19 . Children with rickets should be given drugs containing
1) iron 2) potassium 3) calcium 4) zinc
A20 . Holding nerve impulse provided by ions: 1) potassium and sodium 2) phosphorus and nitrogen 3) iron and copper 4) oxygen and chlorine
A21 . Weak Ties between water molecules in liquid phase are called: 1) covalent 2) hydrophobic 3) hydrogen 4) hydrophilic
A22 . Hemoglobin contains 1) phosphorus 2) iron 3) sulfur 4) magnesium
A23 . Choose a group chemical elements, which is necessarily part of proteins1) Na, K, O, S2) N, P, C, Cl 3) C, S, Fe, O4) C, H, O, N
A24 . Patients with hypofunction thyroid gland give preparations containing 1) iodine 2) iron 3) phosphorus 4) sodium
A25 . The monomer of polysaccharides can be: 1) amino acid 2) glucose 3) nucleotide 4) cellulose
A26 . Select the functions of water in the cell 1) energy 2) enzymatic 3) transport 4) building 5) lubricating 6) thermoregulatory
A27 . Select only physical properties water 1) ability to dissociate 2) hydrolysis of salts 3) density 4) thermal conductivity 5) electrical conductivity 6) electron donation
A28 . Select the functions characteristic of proteins 1) catalytic 2) hematopoietic 3) protective 4) transport 5) reflex 6) photosynthetic
A29 . Establish a correspondence between the structure of a protein molecule and its features
FEATURES OF THE STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE OF A PROTEIN MOLECULE
A) has the shape of a globule B) is retained peptide bonds) is held by peptide, hydrogen, disulfide bonds D) is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene E) determines the biological activity of the protein E) is not spiralized
1) primary2) tertiary
A30 . Choose structural features of carbohydrates1) consist of amino acid residues2) consist of glucose residues3) consist of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen atoms4) some molecules have a branched structure5) consist of fatty acid and glycerol residues6) consist of nucleotides
A31 . Select the functions that carbohydrates perform in the body 1) catalytic 2) transport 3) signal 4) building 5) protective 6) energy
A32 . Select the functions that lipids perform in the cell 1) structural 2) energy 3) storage 4) enzymatic 5) signaling 6) transport
A33. Select the processes studied at the molecular genetic level of life:
1) DNA replication2) inheritance of Down's disease3) enzymatic reactions 4) structure of mitochondria 5) structure cell membrane 6) blood circulation
A34 . Why is food stored in the refrigerator?
A35 . Why do cooked foods last longer?
A36 . Read the text, indicate the numbers of sentences in which errors were made and explain them. one) Most of chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes in the body. 2) Each enzyme can catalyze many types of reactions. 3) The enzyme has an active site, geometric shape which varies depending on the substance with which the enzyme interacts. 4) An example of the action of an enzyme can be the decomposition of urea by urease. 5) Urea decomposes into carbon dioxide and ammonia, which smells like a cat litter box. 6) In one second, urease splits up to 30,000 urea molecules, in normal conditions this would take about 3 million years.
A37 . Explain the concept of "specificity" of a protein, and what biological significance has specificity?
A38. The French scientist Louis Pasteur became famous as the "savior of mankind", thanks to the creation of vaccines against infectious diseases, including such as rabies, anthrax and others. Suggest hypotheses that he could put forward. Which of the research methods did he prove his case?
Topic: “Basic properties of living organisms. Cytology".
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish, list the main properties of living organisms, be able to determine their significance for the body.
2. A possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to evaluate the significance of the properties of living organisms, in order to explain the reasons for the diversity of functions in living organisms.
TASKS.
1. Fill in the table "Compliance":
| scientists | Contribution to the development of cytology |
| G. Galilei | |
| Introduced the term "cell" |
|
| Anthony van Leeuwenhoek | |
| Discovered the nucleus in a plant cell |
|
| Jan Purkenye | |
| Discovered the "Cell Theory" |
|
2. Add suggestions:
1. Botany is a branch of biology that studies ......
2. Zoology is a branch of biology that studies ......
3. Ecology is a branch of biology that studies ......
4. Mycology is a branch of biology that studies……
5. Herpentology is a branch of biology that studies……
6. Selection is a branch of biology that studies ......
7. Genetics is a branch of biology that studies ......
8. Ichthyology is a branch of biology that studies ......
9. Ornithology is a branch of biology that studies ......
10. Physiology is a branch of biology that studies ......
3. Written dictation.
Add definitions (at least 3 optional)
1. Autotrophs are called ...
2. Heterotrophs are called ...
3. Producers are…
4. Consumers 1 is…
5. Consumers 2 is...
6. Reducers are ...
7. Nucleic acids are…
4. Make a cluster:
1. The unity of the chemical composition of living organisms?
2. Metabolism and energy of living organisms?
3. A single level of organization of living organisms?
4. Reproduction of living organisms?
5. Heredity of living organisms?
6. Variability of living organisms?
7. Growth and nutrition of living organisms?
8. Irritability of living organisms?
9. Discrete living organisms?
10. Rhythm of living organisms?
11. List the main provisions of the cell theory?
12. What are the methods of cell research known to you?
Topic: "Chemical composition of the cell."
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish, list the chemical composition of the cell, be able to classify organic and non-organic substances of the cell, and be able to determine their significance for the body.
2. The possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to appreciate the significance of the theory of the chemical composition of the cell, to explain the cause of diversity organic compounds, to know the difference between non-organic and organic substances of the cell.
TASKS.
1. MANDATORY LEVEL OF PREPARATION.
1. How to classify inorganic substances cells? Give examples .
2. Written dictation.
1. Trace elements are called ...
2. Macronutrients are called ...
3. Protein is...
4. Carbohydrates are…
5. Lipids are…
6. Ions are…
7. Nucleic acids are…
3. From the elements listed below, write out the appropriate ones:
- Trace elements - Ions - Macronutrients
1. Tin 2. Cadmium 3. Magnesium 4. Iron 5. Oxygen
6. Hydrogen 7. Iodine 8. Fluorine 9. Calcium 10. Phosphorus 11. Selenium
12. Chrome 13. Molybdenum
4. Fill in the missing words.
1. Inorganic ... cells include ... and .... and …..
2. Organic ... cells include ... and ... and ... and ... and ...
3. Molybdenum is in white…….
4. Deficiency ... leads to damage to the leaves of plants ....
5. If there is an excess of ... in the composition of plants, then the sheep that eat such grass drop out ... and deformation ... occurs.
6. When splitting 1 g of protein, ... is released. kJ of energy
7. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus form a group called ....
8. Good soluble substances in water are called - ...
9. Substances insoluble in water are called - ...
5. test form work
What functions do:
1-option 2-option
Proteins - carbohydrates
Nucleic acids - fats
A) building
B) energy
B) spare
D) metabolic
D) building
E) motor
G) transport
6. Fill in the table:
| COMPOUND | |
| 1) Carbon | A) Initiates muscle contraction E) located in the pituitary gland of the brain G) Located in the mucous membrane of the tongue C) Found in thyroid hormone I) Located in the retina of the eye K) Found in the kidneys |
2. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF TRAINING
1. Questions, followed by discussion.
1) Tell us about the classification of carbohydrates.
2) Describe with examples the functions of the protein.
3) Describe with examples the functions of carbohydrates.
4) Describe with examples the functions of fats.
5) Tell us about the classification of non-organic substances.
6) What is the danger for the body is a lack of trace elements?
7) Draw a diagram of the structure of a water molecule, showing on it chemical bonds. Explain the importance of water to living organisms.
2. Insert missing:
1) The cells of the pancreas contain ..., in the white matter of the brain ..., in the mucous membrane of the tongue ..., in the retina ....
2) The polymer molecule consists of ……… Carbohydrate monomers include…… Their molecules consist of ….. atoms.
3) All fats are divided into ... .. and ...... The composition of the lipid molecule includes atoms ... .. In animal cells the inner layer The membrane is made up of molecules...
4) Proteins are divided into .... , simple proteins are called ... .., complex ... .. Simple proteins include ... .., complex proteins include ......
5) Destruction natural structure squirrel is called ……. A protein that speeds up the biosynthesis reaction is called ...... Gases are transported by a protein .... Protein - a source ... A protein that protects the body against foreign bodies is called ....
Topic: "The structural composition of the cell."
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish, list the structural composition of the cell, be able to classify the membrane and non-membrane components of the cell, be able to determine their significance for whole organism.
2. A possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to assess the significance of the structural composition of the cell, to explain the reasons for the diversity of functions of these components, to know the difference between non-membrane and membrane components of the cell.
TASKS.
1. MANDATORY LEVEL OF PREPARATION.
1 Work on the drawing.
2. Fill in the table:
| COMPONENT | |
| 1) Core 6) Lysosome 8) Plastids 9) Cell Center 10) Flagella, cilia, pseudopods. | A) photosynthetic E) "Digestive system of the cell" G) Transportation, synthesis of fats and carbohydrates. H) Cell division, the formation of a division spindle. I) Movement function K) Transfer of hereditary information. |
3. Written dictation.
Add definitions (at least 4 optional)
1. Pinocytosis is….
2. Phagocytosis is…..
3. The plasma membrane is...
4. Glycocalyx is…
5. Karyoplasm is ...
6. Eukaryote is...
7. Prokaryote is…
4. Make a cluster:
5. Complete the sentences:
1. The Golgi complex was discovered (when and by whom?) ……….
2. He was named ………..
3. Lysosomes contain enzymes……..
4. These include ……….
5. For the first time, R. Klicker studied mitochondria and named ……..
6. Synthesized on the inner membrane ......
7. The core fluid of the core is called………
8. Molecules ……… are located in it, where hereditary ………
6. Fill in the Correlation table:
| 1. Plant cell component | |
| 2. Animal cell component | 2. Glycocalyx |
| 3. Common Components for both plant and animal cells | 3. Plasma membrane |
| 4. Cytoplasm |
|
| 5. Cell center |
|
| 6. Chloroplasts |
|
| 8. Movement organs |
|
| 9. Ribosomes |
|
| 10. Leukoplasts |
2. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF TRAINING
1. Alternative test
1. Is the glycocalyx the inner layer of the plasma membrane?
2. Is the plasma membrane of an animal cell thin and elastic?
3. Does the cytoplasm provide the synthesis of fats and carbohydrates?
4. EPS is of 3 types.
5. Chromoplasts are responsible for green color cells.
6. Mitochondria is " digestive system» cells.
7. The lysosome is involved in the formation of the fission spindle.
8. The flagellum provides the function of locomotion.
9 Pinocytosis Is Absorption particulate matter.
10. Cellular inclusions provide the function of accumulation and storage.
2. Answer the questions:
Organelles and their components found in eukaryotic cells are given: mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, chromosomes, flagella, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane cells, endoplasmic reticulum, cell center, ribosomes, outer membrane cells, starch grains, lysosomes, cilia, fat droplets, glycogen, karyoplasm, protein:
A) which of the following components of the cytoplasm are inclusions?
B) which ones do specific role in the cytoplasm?
C) which of the components of the cytoplasm are characteristic for plant cells?
D) which of the components of the cytoplasm are not found in an animal cell?
D) in which organelle does protein synthesis take place?
E) what organoid plays the role of an "energy station"?
g) List the main parts of the kernel?
3) through what structure is hereditary information transmitted from generation to generation?
3. Fill in the table: "Structural composition of the cell."
| cell component | Structure | Functions | Meaning |
4. Test form of work: on the topic "Structure of the cell"
1. The plant cell membrane consists of
A) fiber
B) glycogen
B) starch
D) nucleic acids
2. The shell of an animal cell consists of
A) lipids and proteins
B) the outer layer and the plasma membrane located on the underside
B) vacuoles
D) glycocalyxes
3. The shell of animal cells differs from the cell walls of plants in that it
A) thick
B) thin
B) average
D) smooth
4. The role of the plasma membrane in cell activity
A) transport
B) motor
B) protective
D) metabolism
5. The lower layer of the cell adjacent to the cytoplasm
A) vacuole
B) plasma membrane
D) shell
6. Large molecules of proteins and polysaccharides, large particles of food, bacteria enter the cells by
A) pinocytosis
B) phagocytosis
B) osmosis
D) diffusion
7. The composition of the cytoplasm includes
A) organelles
B) organelles, hyaloplasm and matrix necessary for the life of the organism
B) enzymes
G) fatty acid
8. Parts of a cell that were discovered using light microscopes
B) shell of the nucleus
D) cytoplasm
9.Parts of cells that were identified using electron microscope
A) the center of the cell
B) channels
B) nucleolus
D) mitochondrion
10. Cellular organelles include
A) cytoplasm
B) mitochondria
B) ribosome
11. Protein synthesis occurs
A) in mitochondria
B) in the ribosome
B) in the endoplasmic reticulum
12. Organic matter, which is the main source of energy in the cell
B) carbohydrates
13. Cell organelles in which the process of energy release takes place
A) in mitochondria
B) in the ribosome
D) in the lysosome
14. Macromolecule acting as a matrix in a cell
15. The number of chromosomes in the nucleus of a human cell
16. The scientist who discovered viruses
A) D.I. Ivanovsky
B) L. Pasteur
C) I.I. Mechnikov
D) S.N. Vinogradsky
17. Constant component plant and animal cells
A) mitochondria
B) lysosome
B) cytoplasm
18. The primary constriction of the chromosome is
A) a chromatid
B) centromere
B) histone
D) metacentric chromosome
19. Organoid called the digestive organ of the cell
A) Golgi complex
B) lysosome
B) ribosome
D) endoplasmic reticulum
20. Space in the cytoplasm of a plant and animal cell filled with liquid
A) cytoplasm
B) the center of the cell
B) vacuole
D) mitochondrion
Topic: "Reproduction and individual development of organisms."
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish, list the types of reproduction of organisms, be able to classify mitotic and meiotic cell division, and be able to determine their significance for a living organism.
2. A possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to evaluate the significance of various types of cell division, to explain the reasons for the diversity of ways of reproduction of organisms, to know the difference between amitotic, mitotic and meiotic cell division.
TASKS.
1. MANDATORY LEVEL OF PREPARATION.
1. Written dictation.
Add definitions (at least 4 optional)
1. Amitosis is ....
2. Karyokinesis is…..
3. Cytokinesis is…
4. Meiosis is...
5. Mitosis is...
6. Gametogenesis is...
7. Ovogenesis is…
8. Spermatogenesis is...
2. Fill in the table:
3. Complete the sentences:
1. Reproduction of organisms occurs ………………..
2. Participate in sexual reproduction ... ...
3. Sex cells are subdivided ……….
4. These include …….
5. All cells divide…… in ways that…. …… …..
6. Interphase consists of ... .. periods.
7. The interval between cell divisions is called ... ..
4. List in right order phases of mitosis and meiosis:
MITOSIS:
Anaphase Metaphase Prometaphase Telophase
Prophase Interphase.
MEIOSIS: Anaphase 2 Paired filament stage Metaphase 1 Telophase 1 Fine filament stage Separation of filaments stage Interphase 1 Anaphase 1 Metaphase 2 Prophase 2
Interphase 2 Telophase 2.
5. Fill in the table:
| germinal membranes | At what stage of development does the embryo form? | What tissues and organs are formed |
| 1. Ectoderm 2. Endoderm 3. Mesoderm |
2. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF TRAINING
1. Questions, followed by discussion.
1. How do protozoa reproduce?
2. How do body cells reproduce?
3. How do germ cells reproduce?
4. What is the name of the fertilized cell?
5. What are the sex cells called?
6. What is the name of the female sex cell?
7. What is the name of the male reproductive cell?
8. What are cells with a nucleus called?
9. What are cells without a nucleus called?
10. In what organisms does the number of chromosomes double?
11. In what phase do chromosomes glow in a plane?
12. In what phase do chromosomes diverge in planes?
13. In what phase does a cell divide in half?
14. What is the name of the preparatory period for cell division?
15. What are young cells called?
16. What is the name of the complete set of chromosomes?
17. What is the name of the half set of chromosomes?
18. What is the name of the nutrient layer of the embryo?
2. Fill in the table:
| similarity | biological significance |
||
3. Test form of work: on the topic: " Individual development- ontogeny.
1. Number of ways to divide
D) four
2. Does not apply to the period of cell division of the body
A) anaphase
B) karyokinesis
B) cytokinesis
D) interphase
3. Interphase consists of
A) from the same period
B) from two periods
B) three periods
D) from four periods
4. Processes closely related to heredity occur in interphase
A) genetic material doubles on its own
B) the genetic material remains unchanged
C) chromosomes can be clearly seen through a light microscope
D) in this phase, the shell of the nucleus dissolves
5. Does not apply to the phase of mitosis
A) interphase
B) prophase
B) prometaphase
D) anaphase
6. Two types of reproduction, widespread in nature
A) sex and vegetative reproduction
B) asexual and vegetative reproduction
B) sexual and asexual reproduction
D) asexual and artificial reproduction
7. The main differences between sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction
A) two organisms are involved in reproduction
B) one organism participates in reproduction
C) three organisms are involved in reproduction
D) reproduction occurs directly
8. The maturation of male and female gametes in the gonads is called
A) ovogenesis
B) gametogenesis
B) spermatogenesis
D) histogenesis
9. Embryology studies
A) heredity
B) the development of the embryo in the body
B) reproduction
D) division
10. As a result of the division of a fertilized egg, at the first stage of ontogenesis, a
A) blastomere
B) gastrula
B) neurula
D) endoderm
11. Direct development is
A) embryonic development
B) larval development
C) a born organism is similar to an adult
D) embryonic development leads to the formation of a larva
12. Stage not related to the development of ontogeny
A) blastula
B) gastrula
B) neurula
D) direct development
13. X-shaped figures that appear when similar chromosomes move apart from each other are called
A) chiasma
B) crossing over
B) conjugation
14. Area not included in the development of the process of oogenesis
A) reproduction
B) maturity
D) division
15. In some cases, several spermatozoa penetrate the eggs of mammals, this process is called
A) monospermy
B) polyspermy
B) dyspermia
D) trispermy
16. Scientist who contributed huge contribution in the development of embryology
A) G. Krebs
B) I.I. Sechenov
C) I.P. Pavlov
17. Particles resulting from the division of mitosis
A) blastomeres
B) gastrula
B) neurula
D) blastula
18. A fertilized cell is called
A) a gamete
B) zygote
B) ovogenesis
D) spermatogenesis
19. The phase at which chromosome doubling occurs in meiosis
A) metaphase
B) anaphase
B) telophase
D) prophase
20. Emergence of larvae after embryonic development
A) species development
B) direct development
D) ontogeny
Topic: "Basic patterns of heredity and variability."
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish between the main patterns of heredity and variability, be able to classify the patterns of heredity, with various types of crossing, be able to determine their significance for a living organism.
2. A possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to evaluate the significance of various types of heredity and variability, in order to explain the reasons for the diversity of signs of living organisms.
TASKS.
1. MANDATORY LEVEL OF PREPARATION.
1. Written dictation.
Add definitions (at least 4 optional)
1. Gene is….
2. The genotype is…..
3. The phenotype is...
4. Homozygous is ...
5. Heterozygote is ...
6. Variability is...
7. Heredity is ...
8. Mutagenesis is...
9. Mutation is...
2. Complete the sentences:
1. Identical genes are called……
2. And different genes……
3. The dominant genes are called ….
4. Unexpressed genes are called …..
5. Symbolize parents ……., generations……..
6. The totality of genes is called ......
7. Aggregate external signs called…….
8. There are ….. types of mutagens, these include …………
9. Doubling one section of chromosomes is called ......
10. The separation of one section of chromosomes is called .......
11. The number of chromosomes when doubling is called ......
3. Fill in the Correlation table:
| Sign | Designation |
| Generations |
|
| third generation |
|
| Crossbreeding |
|
| parent forms |
|
| Dominant |
|
| recessive |
|
| Homozygote |
|
| heterozygote |
4. Fill in the missing table:
| Scientists | Contribution to the development of genetics |
| W. Betson | |
| Discovered the theory of pangenesis |
|
| Founder of genetics |
|
| W. Johannsen | |
| N.I. Vavilov | |
| For the first time it was revealed that radioactive emissions cause mutations. |
|
| Created a model molecular structure DNA |
|
| K. Mynbaev, A. Gabbasov | |
| Contribution to the development of genetics of microorganisms |
|
| N.S. Butarin, A.E. Esenzholov, A.Y. Zhanderkin | |
| M.A. Ermekov, A.E. Elamanov, V.A. Balmont |
5. Solving monohybrid problems:
1. The gene that determines the sign of early ripeness of barley is dominant, in contrast to the gene of late ripeness. What generation is formed when a homozygous early-ripening plant is crossed with a late-ripening one? Plants with what genotype and phenotype are formed when the resulting hybrids are crossed with each other?
2. The coat gene for a black dog is dominant over brown. A black female was crossed several times with a brown male. Received 15 black and 13 brown puppies. Determine the genotypes of parents and offspring (black coat color is a dominant trait).
3. Smooth guinea pig fur defined recessive gene, tousled - dominant:
A) when crossing two pigs with disheveled fur, 36 individuals with disheveled fur and 11 with smooth fur were obtained in the offspring. How many homozygous individuals are among them?
B) By crossing guinea pigs with tousled and smooth fur, 28 tousled and 26 smooth-haired individuals were obtained. Determine the genotypes of parents and offspring.
2. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF TRAINING
1. Solution of dihybrid problems:
1. Tomatoes with red fruits, normal growth pollinated with low-growing yellow tomatoes. If it is known that: a) the red color of the fruit is dominant, the low growth of the stem is recessive; b) all initial plants are homozygous, then what will be the signs of hybrids if the genes that have the signs are located on different chromosomes? What will be the result if these hybrids are crossed with each other?
2. What gametes form plants with the following genotypes:
A) AABB; b) AaBB; c) aaBB; d) AABv; e) AAbb; e) AaBv; g) Aawb; h) ahhh?
3. Fruits of yellow peas A dominate in relation to a - green. The smooth form B dominates the wrinkled form B. Determine the color and shape of the seeds of the following genotypes: a) aaBB; b) Aavv; c) AaBB; d) aaBB; e) AABv; e) AAw?
4. Determine the phenotype of the offspring obtained by crossing as follows: a) aaBB*aavb; b) Aavv * Aavv; c) AaBB*AaBv; d) AABv * aavv; e) AABB*AABB?
5. A plant heterozygous for the color and shape of seeds was crossed with a homozygous plant that is recessive for these traits. Determine the genotype and phenotype of the resulting offspring.
6. Is it possible to show the blood group of one of the parents in the offspring, if the mother has 1 blood type, the father has 4 group.
7. A heterozygous mother with blood group 3 and a heterozygous father with group 2 have four children. Determine the blood groups in children and their genotypes.
8. Mother's blood group - 2, father's - 4. Determine the blood groups in children.
9. What type of blood will the children have if the parents have the first blood group.
10. Do children inherit the blood groups of their parents, if the mother has group 1, the father has group 4.
11. What can be said about the blood groups of children, when the mother has the 2nd group, the father has the 4th blood group.
2. Solving problems for polyhybrid crossing.
3. Test form of work: on the topic: “Fundamentals of genetics. Heredity and variability"
Option 1.
1. Convenient for holding genetic research an object.
A) Drosophila fly
B) man
2. What does the science of genetics study
B) heredity and variability
B) evolution
D) selection
3. What is the name of the appearance of new traits during the interaction of two or more non-allelic dominant genes
4. Name the scientists who discovered G. Mendel's laws again and proved them
A) G. de Vries
B) M.A. Aitkhozhin
C) K. Correns
D) E. Cermak-Seizenegg
5. What are the names of genes responsible for only one trait
A) allelic
B) alternative
B) recessive
D) dominant
6. Who proved the presence of genes in chromosomes
A) K. Correns
B) C. Darwin
B) T. Morgan
D) N.I. Vavilov
7. What is the name of the interchange of corresponding sections in similar chromosomes
A) crossing over
B) conjugation
D) translocation
8. Features of the properties of peas
A) several traits that appear in the phenotype
B) easy to grow
B) self-pollination
D) all answers are correct
9. What is the name of the manifestation of only one dominant trait
A) total dominance
B) recessive
D) dominance
10. What is the name of the first law of G. Mendel
A) the law of uniformity
B) the law of feature splitting
B) linked inheritance
D) independent dissolution
11What are the manifested genes called?
A) dominant
B) recessive
B) allelic
D) non-allelic
12. What are paired genes called
A) recessive
B) allelic
B) dominant
D) epistasis
13. What blood type will children have if parents have group 1
A) 1 group
B) 2 group
B) 3rd group
D) 4 group
14. What is the name of the set of genes
A) phenotype
B) pomeklicross
B) genotype
D) crossing over
16. What are the various genes called?
A) homozygous
B) complementary
B) heterozygous
D) epistasis
17. What is the name of the location of the genes in the chromosome.
A) clutch group
B) crossing over
D) genotype
Option 2.
1. Who was the first to study the basic patterns of heredity
A) T. Morgan
B) G. Mendel
C) Ch. Darwin
D) N.I. Vavilov
2. What is the name of the prevalence of one gene over another
A) complementarity
B) epistasis
B) polymer
3) Who introduced the term "gene" into science
A) T. Morgan
B) I. Pavlov
B) S.S. Chetverikov
D) W. Johannsen
4. What is the name of the strengthening of one trait during the interaction of several dominant genes
A) complementarity
B) polymer
B) epistasis
D) multi-allelicity
5. What plant did Mendel experiment with?
A) beauty of the night
D) tomatoes
6. Who laid the foundation for the chromosome theory of heredity
A) G. Mendel
B) T. Morgan
C) N.I. Vavilov
D) W. Johannsen
7. How many varieties of peas are known
8. What is the name of the third law of G. Mendel
A) linked inheritance
B) splitting law
C) independent splitting of features
D) variability
9. What is the name of education intermediate forms with the influence of both allelic genes
A) total dominance
B) incomplete dominance
B) recessive
D) dominance
10. What are suppressor genes called?
A) allelic
B) recessive
B) genomic
D) dominant
11. Can dominant gene express yourself individually
A) will show
B) will not show
C) both answers are correct
D) both answers are wrong
12. What is the name of the set of internal and external signs of the body
A) phenotype
B) polymer
B) genotype
D) polymer
13. What blood type will children have if parents have group 4
14. What are the names of the same genes
A) heterozygous
B) homozygous
B) polymer
D) epistasis
15. Determine the genotype of the offspring of a heterozygous mother with 2 blood groups and a father with 4 blood groups.
16. What is the name of the joint inheritance of genes that determine the signs of similarity to parents
A) crossing over
B) cross
B) epistasis
D) linkage of genes
17. How genetic changes in traits occur in the offspring of F2 monohybrid crossing
A) AA, AA, AA, AA
B) ah, ah, ah
Topic: "Breeding of plants, animals and microorganisms".
Target: 1. A mandatory level of training, as a result of which students must distinguish, list different types crossing, to be able to classify them, to be able to determine their significance for the life of the organism.
2. A possible level of training, as a result of which students should be able to evaluate the significance of selection methods for explaining the reasons for the diversity of living organisms.
TASKS.
1. MANDATORY LEVEL OF PREPARATION.
1. DRAWING. Using the scheme of the map "Centers of origin cultivated plants”, write the names of the centers. List the types of cultivated plants using their sequence numbers, arrange by origin centers:
1. Banana 8. Rye
2. Rice 9. Barley
3. Millet 10. Cotton
4. Sugarcane 11. Beans
5. Carrot 12. Potato
6. Grapes 13. Corn
7. Wheat 14. Cocoa
2. Fill in the table:
| Selection types | Result | Importance of selection in agriculture. |
|
| Mass selection | |||
| Individual selection |
3. Fill in the "Compliance" table:
| scientists | Contribution to the development of breeding |
| N.S.Butarin, E.Esenzholov, A.Zhanderkin | |
| Meat-wool breed of sheep - Kazakh fine-fleece |
|
| Kazakh northern merino |
|
| B.M. Musin, N.Z. Galiakberov | |
| Alatau breed of cattle |
|
| Red steppe breed of cattle |
2. POSSIBLE LEVEL OF TRAINING
1. Fill out comparison table:
| Selection Methods | a brief description of | Examples of distant hybridization | Meaning for Agriculture |
| 1.Remote crossing plants | |||
| 2.Remote Crossbreeding animals |
2. Solution test material:
USE 2014. Biology. Thematic training tasks. Lerner G.I.
M.: 2013 - 176 p. M.: 2012. - 176 p.
This publication is addressed to students in grades 10-11 and applicants taking an exam in biology in the form of the Unified State Examination. Training tasks will allow you to systematically prepare for the exam while passing the topic.
AT workbook presented:
assignments of parts A, B and C for all USE topics;
answers to all questions.
The book will be useful to biology teachers, as it makes it possible to effectively organize the preparation of students for a single exam directly in the classroom, in the process of studying all topics.
Format: pdf(2013, 176s.)
The size: 2 MB
Download: yandex.disk
Format: pdf(2012, 176s.)
The size: 1.9 MB
Download: yandex.disk
CONTENT
Introduction 3
Section 1. BIOLOGY AS A SCIENCE 4
1.1. Biology as a science, its achievements, research methods, connections with other sciences. Signs and properties of living things, the main levels of organization of wildlife 4
Section 2. THE CELL AS A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM 7
2.1. cell theory, its main provisions. Cell structure organisms 7
2.2. Cell - a unit of structure, life, growth and development of organisms 9
2.3. Chemical organization cells. inorganic compounds. . 11
2.4. organic matter cells: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids 14
2.5. The structure of pro- and eukaryotic cells. The interconnection of the structure and functions of the parts and organelles of the cell is the basis of its integrity. . . 19
2.6. Metabolism: energy and plastic metabolism, their relationship. Photosynthesis 22
2.7. protein biosynthesis. Matrix nature of biosynthesis. Genes, genetic code and its properties 25
2.8. Chromosomes, their number, shape and size, species constancy. Mitosis, meiosis. Their similarities and differences; meaning. Development of germ cells in plants and animals 30
Section 3. ORGANISM AS A BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM 35
3.1. Autotrophic, heterotrophic, chemotrophic organisms. Viruses; HIV, AIDS 35
3.2. Reproduction of organisms, its significance. Reproduction methods similarities and differences between sexual and asexual reproduction. The role of meiosis and fertilization in ensuring the constancy of the number of chromosomes in generations 39
3.3. Ontogeny and its inherent regularities. Specialization of cells, formation of tissues, organs. Embryonic and postembryonic development of organisms 41
3.4. Genetics, its tasks. Main genetic concepts. Chromosomal theory of heredity. Genotype as complete system 43
3.5. Patterns of heredity, their cytological basis. Mono- and dihybrid crossing. Linked inheritance of traits, violations of the linkage of genes. Sex genetics. Inheritance of sex-linked traits. Solution of genetic problems. Drawing up crossbreeding schemes 45
3.6-3.7. Variability of traits in organisms: mutational, combinative, modification. Types of mutations and their causes. The value of variability in the life of organisms and in evolution. Bad influence mutagens, alcohol, drugs, nicotine on the genetic apparatus of the cell. Protection of the environment from pollution by mutagens. Prevention of human hereditary diseases 50
3.8. Selection, its tasks. Law homologous series hereditary variation. The doctrine of the centers of diversity and the origin of cultivated plants. Methods for breeding new varieties and breeds, their biological basis
55
3.9. Biotechnology, cellular and Genetic Engineering, cloning. The value of biotechnology for the development of breeding, National economy, conservation of the planet's gene pool. Assessment of the ethical aspects of the development of some research in biotechnology (human cloning, directed changes in the genome) 58
Section 4. DIVERSITY OF ORGANISMS, THEIR STRUCTURE AND LIFE ACTIVITIES. ROLE IN NATURE AND HUMAN LIFE. CLASSIFICATION 61
4.1.-4.2. Systematics. The main systematic categories: species, genus, family, order (order), class, type (department), kingdom. The kingdom of bacteria, their role in nature. Bacteria are the causative agents of diseases in plants, humans and animals. Use of bacteria in biotechnology 61
4.3. Kingdom of fungi, structure, life, reproduction. Lichens, their diversity, features of structure and life activity 64
4.4.-4.5. The plant kingdom, structural features of tissues and organs, life and reproduction plant organism, its integrity. Variety of plants. Signs of the main divisions of plants, classes and families of angiosperms, the role of plants in nature and human life 67
4.6-4.7. Animal Kingdom. Features of the structure and vital activity of tissues, organs, systems of organs of animals, their relationship as the basis of the integrity of the organism. Animal behavior. Diversity of animals, taxonomy of mammals and insects, role in nature and human life 72
Section 5. PERSON AND HIS HEALTH 83
Section 6. SUPER-ORGANIZED SYSTEMS. EVOLUTION OF THE ORGANIC WORLD 92
6.1. Species, its criteria, population - structural unit kind and elementary unit evolution 92
6.2. The teachings of Charles Darwin and its development. Synthetic theory evolution 95
6.3. The results of evolution. Fitness of organisms and its relativity 99
6.4. Directions of organic evolution 101
6.5. Anthropogenesis 104
Section 7. ECOSYSTEMS AND REGULARITIES INCREASING THEM. . 108
7.1. habitats of organisms. Environmental factors environment. . . 108
7.2. Ecosystem and its components 110
7.3. Diversity of ecosystems. Self-development and change of ecosystems. Agroecosystems 112
7.4. Cycle of matter and energy transformation in ecosystems. The role of organisms in it different kingdoms. Self-regulation in ecosystems 115
7.5. Biosphere - global ecosystem. The teachings of V.I. Vernadsky about the biosphere 116
7.6. Global changes in the biosphere. Problem sustainable development biosphere. Preservation biodiversity planets 118
TRAINING TASKS GROUP "B" 120
TRAINING TASKS GROUP "C" 123
TRAINING OPTIONS FOR THE USE 129
ANSWERS TO THEMATIC ASSIGNMENTS USE 144
ANSWERS TO TRAINING TESTS USE 166
