Modern literary critic. He graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, where he was left in the Department of Western European Literature. He taught Romance philology and history at Moscow University and at the Higher Women's Courses. medieval literature. From 1923 to 1930 he was the head of the subsection of theoretical poetics at the literary section of the State Academy of Arts.
Most of P.'s works are written in the spirit of the German formalist school (see "Composition of the short story by Maupassant" in the journal "Beginnings", No. 1, P., 1921; "Morphology of Pushkin's "Shot"" in the collection "Problems of Poetics", M ., 1924; "Morphology of the short story" in the collection "Ars poetica", GAKhN, M., 1927). This influence was later complicated by Husserlianism (the work Poetics and Art History, the journal Art, 1927, books II-III, and others). At present, P. is intensively engaged in translations; he owns exemplary translations of Hoffmann's "Lord of the Fleas" ("Academia", 1929), "Manon Lescaut" Prevost ("Academia", 1932) and
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Antonov-ovseenko Vladimir Alexandrovich- (real name Ovseenko) (March 9, 1883, Chernigov, - February 10, 1938). From the family of an officer. In the revolutionary movement since 1901 (Warsaw). Member of the RSDLP since 1902 (Petersburg). Graduated from Vladimirskoye ........
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NPC "Memorial".
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M. L.
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He was born on 26.X (7.XI), 1887 in Moscow in the family of a doctor Alexander Grigoryevich Petrovsky, a sanitary doctor at the Moscow city government. He studied at the Polivanov Gymnasium at Prechistenka 32. In 1911 he graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, under which he was left in the Department of Western European Literature. He taught Romance philology and the history of medieval literature at Moscow University and at the Higher Women's Courses. Professor of the Department of History of Western European Literature of the Faculty of History and Philology (1919-1921). From 1923 to 1930 He was the head of the subsection of theoretical poetics at the literary section of the State Academy of Artistic Sciences (GAKhN). Most of his works are written in the spirit of the German formalist school: in journal. "Beginnings", No. 1, P., 1921; "Morphology of Pushkin's "Shot"" in Sat. "Problems of Poetics", M., 1924; "Morphology of the short story" in Sat. "Ars poetica", GAKhN, M., 1927). He published works on the history of German literature and the connections between German and Russian literature: "Ardingello and its author" (in the book: V. Heinze, "Ardingello and the blessed islands", 1935); "Grigorovich and Hoffman" (in the collection "In Memory of P. N. Sakulin", 1931), as well as on aesthetics, the theory of prose and the problem of relations between art criticism and poetics. Translated German and French prose. Author of exemplary translations of "Lord of the Fleas" by Hoffmann ("Academia", 1929), "Manon Lescaut" by Prevost ("Academia", 1932), etc.
Apartment near Petrovsky on the street. Granovsky, 2 (kv.27) was large - 6 rooms, after compaction (1924) 4 remained. and son and his brother Fyodor Alexandrovich.
In 1934, the first volume (out of two) of the Great German-Russian Dictionary was published, edited by Elizaveta Alexandrovna Meyer. The title says that the editorial work involved, among others: Gabrichevsky, Lyamin, Petrovsky, Usov, A. G. Chelpanov, Shpet and Yarkho.
At the beginning of 1935, arrests began in the case "On the Nazi counter-revolutionary organization on the territory of the USSR." The legend of the investigation was as follows: a fascist organization operates in the USSR, consisting of various cells in the field. This organization was created “on the direct instructions of the German embassy in Moscow; she is connected with the "front-line fascist centers" that supply her with money and into which espionage information flows. In general, people were accused of propaganda of fascism and German intervention, of anti-Soviet propaganda, of espionage, and of propaganda of terror "against the leadership of the Soviet government and the Communist Party." Most of those arrested were philologists, linguists whose specialty was German: university professors, translators, compilers of dictionaries, editors. Thus, the entire editorial staff of the Great German-Russian Dictionary (1934) ended up behind bars. Therefore, this case is also unofficially called the "Case of the German Dictionaries". A total of 141 people were arrested in this case.
Petrovsky was arrested on March 14, 1935, along with colleagues who collaborated with the editors of the German-Russian dictionary, and was involved in the case of the "German fascist organization" along with a group of Moscow intellectuals. Charged with “1. He was a member of a cell of Russian fascists, which was part of a German fascist organization in the USSR; 2. Was associated with one of the leaders of the national-fascist center abroad b. Prince Trubetskoy N.S., from whom he received the program document of the Russian fascists (Trubetskoy's book "On the Problem of Russian Self-Knowledge". 1008) were the philosopher G. G. Shpet, art critic A. G. Gabrichevsky, professor B. I. Yarkho, writer and translator V. N. Druzhinina.
On July 1, 1935, the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR considered the case of the German Fascist Organization. Professor of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute of New Languages, editor-in-chief of the Great German-Russian Dictionary E.A. Meyer. She was accused of spying for Germany, propaganda of fascism, compiling a "fascisized" Great German-Russian Dictionary. The closest assistant E.A. Meyer, a senior researcher at the State Dictionary and Encyclopedic Publishing House A.G. Chelpanov, who was accused of leading a "counter-revolutionary" cell among the editorial staff foreign dictionaries, propaganda of German fascism during the publication of the "Big German-Russian Dictionary" and the systematic propaganda of terror against the leaders of the Soviet government. The military board sentenced E.A. Meyer and A.G. Chelpanov to be shot.
Members of the “cell of Russian fascists” were sentenced on June 20, 1935 by a Special Meeting at the NKVD of the USSR: V.N. Druzhinin - by 5 years of ITL; B.I.Yarkho - to 3 years of labor camp (with replacement for a link to Omsk); M.A. Petrovsky and G.G. Shpet - to exile for 5 years. A.G. Gabrichevsky was deprived of the right to reside in sensitive areas for a period of 3 years.
M.A. Petrovsky from the Butyrka detention center of the NKVD was sent first to Novosibirsk, then to Tomsk, where he was delivered on August 17, 1935. In Tomsk, according to order No. 00257 of 1933, he was taken to a special account. According to the signed receipt, three times a month: on the 1st, 10th and 20th of each month, he was obliged to report to the Tomsk sector of the NKVD. In Tomsk, he first lived in apartments: Zaozerny per., 15; then in the house st. Dzerzhinsky, 38 kv.1, then along the street. Tverskoy, 38.
In Tomsk, he found a job in the scientific library of Tomsk State University as a bibliographer. Arrested on October 21, 1937. Assigned to the organization “Union for the Salvation of Russia” and by the decision of the UNKVD troika in the Novosibirsk Region of October 31, 1937, sentenced to VMN. Shot on November 10, 1937. Rehabilitated on August 3, 1956.
Source: Museum archive; Literary encyclopedia: In 11 volumes - [M.], 1929--1939. T. 8. - M.: OGIZ RSFSR; Brief literary encyclopedia/ Ch. ed. A. A. Surkov. -- M.: Sov. encycl., 1962--1978. T. 5: 1968. - Stb. 729-730; Book of memory of the Tomsk region "Human pain". Publishing House of TSU, -2016.T-2.S.536; Scientists of the State Academy of Arts at Home and During the Investigation / Report by Marina Akimova at the seminar “Moscow. Places of memory.
* Case materials on M.A. Petrovsky - exiled to Tomsk / Archive of ITs ATC TO. Document scans.
Information from the electronic database "Victims of political terror in the USSR" in relation to M.A. Petrovsky:
Petrovsky Mikhail Alexandrovich, born in 1887 Place of birth: Moscow; Russian; higher education; b/n; scientific library of TSU, bibliographer; place of residence: Tomsk. Arrest: 10/21/1937. Condemned. 10/31/1937. Rev. Union for the Salvation of Russia. Discord 11/10/1937. Reab. 08/03/1956.
Scientists of the State Academy of Arts at Home and During the Investigation / Report by Marina Akimova at the seminar “Moscow. Places of memory»
My story combines the names of four people: G. G. Shpet, B. I. Yarkho, M. A. Petrovsky and A. G. Gabrichevsky - because they were forcibly united by one investigative case. Exactly 80 years have passed since then. We can just now, in the days of March, recall the days of another March, March 1935, which changed the fate of each of these people. Their condemnation broke not only their personal fate, but also fatally affected the fate of their scientific heritage. Since they were repressed, their writings could not appear in the Soviet press; only since the 1990s, their works began to be gradually mastered. This happens to varying degrees: Shpet is now better known and understood than, for example, Mikhail Petrovsky or even Alexander Gabrichevsky. However, by printing the works of Yarkho or Petrovsky now, we are not catching up with the lost time: it has gone forever, so the scientist’s thought will not be felt as sharply and urgently as it could have been if his work had been published in due time. Scientific truth, as Yarkho said, is relative.
So, what unites my today's heroes is not "business", but belonging to the intellectual elite of their time, to one or two generations of scientists, thanks to whom the greatest flourishing of science in Russia occurred. However, these were the people of the "Silver Age". And they bear the imprint of this culture too. All four were well educated. Each of them is distinguished by broad erudition and a brilliant mind. All of them were bright personalities. But the main thing that I would like to note in them now is the freedom of thinking. Not that the world around has set in motion - this is understandable (revolution, war, cataclysms), but the thought itself is mobile and alive so much that it sees a problem where, it would seem, everything has been decided; this begins to lead the system to an imbalance, creativity, scientific creativity begins.
Each of the characters in my story is a whole world, and I do not undertake to describe these worlds.
I will say a few words about the sources of my message today, about the sources of the photographs. Many photographs come from the personal archive of Olga Sergeevna Severtseva, a relative of Gabrichevsky and his heiress. They have already been published many times. I copied some photos from the book of Maria Gustavovna Storkh, Shpet's daughter. There are many photos there. And towards the end, I will refer to the archival file, to the investigative file of these scientists, which I studied in the Central Archive of the FSB. I'll tell you later what number this case is listed there. I took some of the photos from the portal um.mos.ru and from the Moscow that does not exist.
All of you know very well that Shpet is a famous world-famous philosopher, Gabrichevsky is an outstanding art critic, Yarkho is one of the great philologists of the 20th century, very poorly read and unappreciated, and Mikhail Alexandrovich Petrovsky is probably the least known of them. He was also a philologist, studied Romano-Germanic philology and, like all of them, translated. Philologists know more about his brother Fyodor Aleksandrovich, a classical philologist and translator of ancient literature.
Alexander Georgievich Gabrichevsky (1891-1968), Yarkho (1889-1942) and Petrovsky (1887-1937) were most likely familiar from childhood or youth. O. S. Severtseva drew attention to the fact that their fathers were either biologists or doctors, and all of them had a university education. Gabrichevsky's father - Georgy Norbertovich (1860-1907) - "the first Russian bacteriologist", founder of the Bacteriological Institute, which now bears his name and is called the Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology. Yarkho's father (let us also mention his brother Grigory Isaakovich, also a philologist) - Isaak Leontyevich Yarkho was a fairly well-known pediatrician in Moscow, worked in various clinics and had a private practice (Georgy Kostaki: cured Mitya Kostaki; A. A. Blumenau: cured my brother). Petrovsky's father, Alexander Grigoryevich Petrovsky, was a sanitary doctor at the Moscow City Self-Government (that is, at the City Duma; it was located until 1892 in the Sheremetev Palace on Vozdvizhenka, 6). The Petrovskys lived literally in a neighboring house, in Sheremetevsky Lane (now the historical name Romanov Lane has been returned to it), in the 1920s it was called Gray Lane, then it became known as ul. Granovsky. I don't have a photo, but I can show what they could see from their house - the Church of the Sign on Sheremetev Yard (now this courtyard has been heavily rebuilt, the house where the university professors lived may still be preserved). Now there is the so-called Romanov Dvor, an office building, for the needs of which much has been rebuilt, various houses. To see them, you need to go into the courtyard of this particular house 2 along Romanov Lane. The Petrovskys had a large apartment - 6 rooms, after compaction (1924) 4 remained, but they still lived quite closely, in the 20s their mother, Daria Nikolaevna, sister Elena lived with them, and Mikhail Alexandrovich and Fedor Alexandrovich. At the end of the alley, on the left side, closer to Bolshaya Nikitskaya, at 9, apt. 3 lived Georgy Ivanovich Chelpanov, a philosopher and psychologist, Shpet studied with him in Kyiv. His son Alexander Georgievich became a philologist and was also arrested in the same case and shot.
I hope you now imagine this Romanov Lane well - it connects Vozdvizhenka and Bolshaya Nikitskaya Street. On Bolshaya Nikitskaya, at its very beginning, in the building of the Zoological Museum, there was an apartment of a biologist, later an academician (since 1920), Alexei Nikolayevich Severtsov (now the Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences bears his name). Severtsov had a daughter, Natalya Alekseevna. From the age of 11, she was acquainted with her future husband Alexander Georgievich Gabrichevsky, who, of course, first visited them, and then also settled in this apartment. According to the memoirs of Natalya Alekseevna, the Yarkho brothers visited their house back in the 1910s. During the investigation, Yarkho said that he had known Gabrichevsky since 1910-12, and with Mikhail Petrovsky since 1907, at the university.
Gabrichevsky as a child lived in Bolshoy Chernyshevsky lane, house 6 (now it is Voznesensky lane).
This is a famous mansion with a wonderful history. I think many people know this house. In the 18th century - the property of Pankraty Sumarokov. For about ten years (until 1836) Baratynsky lived there with his wife Nastasya Lvovna, nee Engelhardt. Then it belonged to Alexander Vladimirovich Stankevich (1821-1912), a public figure, publicist and brother of Nikolai Stankevich, who organized a famous philosophical circle in the 1840s. Gabrichevsky's mother, nee Elena Vasilievna Bodisko, was the niece of Alexander Vladimirovich Stankevich's wife, Elena Konstantinovna (Bodisko). And the Gabrichevsky family lived in the Stankevich mansion from the late 1890s.
It was here, apparently, that Shpet came to the young Gabrichevsky to teach him logic before entering Moscow University, this teaching took place in 1908-1910. In general, Gabrichevsky was educated at home and took exams at the gymnasium as an external student. Shpet was one of such private teachers of Gabrichevsky. So they met and got to know each other. Shpet was not a Muscovite, he was born in 1879 in Kyiv, he had already graduated from Kyiv University by that time.
He arrived in Moscow in 1907 at the invitation of his teacher Georgy Ivanovich Chelpanov. And he was seconded to Moscow University, in 1910 he became a Privatdozent, in 1916 - an associate professor, and in 1918 - a professor at the Moscow University. Thus, Shpet quite quickly merges into the Moscow university, professorial environment, to which our heroes belonged. Shpet was very friendly with Gabrichevsky until his arrest in 1935. The protocols of interrogations recorded his phrase that "Gabrichevsky is my personal friend." Good, warm relations also connected Shpet and Mikhail Alexandrovich Petrovsky. By Shpet's own admission, he was little acquainted with Yarkho. However, they knew each other quite well; in any case, they had a good idea of each other's scientific views.
university
Gabrichevsky, Petrovsky and Yarkho study at the Faculty of History and Philology of Moscow University, but, apparently, not on the same course. Petrovsky graduated in 1911, Yarkho - in 1912; they both specialize in Western European literature. Gabrichevsky was at the department of art history, which was soon transformed into an art history department, which he graduated in 1915. All these are very close years, it is clear that their communication continues at the university. Yarkho and Petrovsky remained at Moscow University in the department of the history of Western European literatures; they became assistant professors there almost simultaneously, then professors, and served there until the complete disbandment of the Faculty of History and Philology in 1921.
In the 1910s, Yarkho with his brother Grigory, his mother and, possibly, his father (it’s not very clear here - the fact is that at some point his father divorced, left the family and married a second time. I don’t know exactly when it happened actual division of this family). In any case, it is known that in the 10s they lived in Savelovsky lane, 9. Now this lane is called Pozharsky, and this is not a historical name. On Yarkho's envelopes, the address was written like this - "Savelovsky lane, 9 to the house of the Strekalovskaya hospital." Here is the building in front of you. The hospital was so named for the trustee, in fact it was a hospital for the incurable under the Society for the Encouragement of Industry. Apparently, Yarkho's father had an apartment there, because he was a doctor. House 9 also does not exist now, because in 1917, on the site where house 9 was, was built new house, quite elegant. In the same lane, in fact, opposite the hospital, in house 12, Nikolai Nikolaevich Lyamin lived. He is best known as a friend of Bulgakov. I do not know how long he lived there (the house was built in 1905), but at least from 1911 he lived there permanently until his arrest in 1936. He never returned to this house. I am talking about Lyamin, because he was also a member of the circle of scientists to which all our heroes belonged. At the very beginning of the 10s, Lyamin already definitely knew and was friends with Yarkho. He also studied at the Faculty of History and Philology, studied Romance Philology, after completing the course in 1915, he was left at the department.
Now we are moving on to the era of the operation of the State Academy of Artistic Sciences.
GACHN
The State Academy of Artistic Sciences opened in 1921 and occupied the building of the former Polivanov Gymnasium at Prechistenka 32, a beautiful classicist mansion, architect Sokolov, post-fire development. By the way, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Petrovsky studied there.
GAKhN operated in 1921-1931. This institution, which brought together various humanitarian specialties, was an island in a sea of ideological pressure, coercion and the aggressive spread of "proletarian culture". Many of those who still had a pre-revolutionary education, who did not emigrate and remained independent scientists ended up in the State Academy of Arts. In essence, it was an attempt to create "its own school of humanitarian research" (as Igor Chubarov called it) European level and this attempt was successful. Gabrichevsky and Shpet were among the initiators of the creation of the Academy.
In 1921, Gabrichevsky, together with Wassily Kandinsky, discussed the foundations of the synthesis of art and aesthetics, based on the developed by them methodological basis the Physical and Psychological Department of the State Academy of Arts was opened. Shpet became the head of the Philosophical Department in 1922 (and headed it until 1924). He was also the vice-president of the Academy. Pyotr Semyonovich Kogan (1872-1932) became president. He sympathized with Marxism, but this did not define his personality at all. First of all, he remained a scientist, literary historian, author of textbooks, according to which they studied for a long time in Soviet times. He seemed to be a delicate person. In October 1924, Bryusov was buried, and a funeral meeting was held in front of the building of the State Academy of Arts. Gabrichevsky tells about this in a letter to Voloshin: “When another“ lithium ”was taking place in front of the Academy of Arts, and as soon as Kogan had time to finish his speech, a cry was heard from the crowd standing on the street (and he spoke from the balcony): “What did you say about Bryusov 15 years ago!?“ It was B.N., who was immediately picked up by faithful hands and carried away. One can guess that B.N. is Boris Nikolaevich Bugaev, Andrei Bely (who also studied at the Polivanov gymnasium). Yes, indeed, Kogan criticized M. O. Gershenzon from a Marxist position, who was also an employee of the State Academy of Arts. And here is what episode Vadim Shershenevich reports:
“I remember the Arbat. The literary critic P. S. Kogan is running fast, moving his cockroach mustache. A gray-haired man stops him and says two words:
Block is dead!
And the dry Kogan suddenly breaks in half, a bag for academic rations falls out of his hands, and the professor settles into the hands of an oncoming one, as if a house of cards is collapsing, and begins to cry like a child.
It is important that at the head of the State Academy of Arts, its branches and sections were not officials, not party functionaries, but scientists with a thorough education, who also passed European universities. The usual activities of the staff of the GACHN consisted in the preparation of reports and their discussion; these were far from formal discussions, but bright and exciting discussions. The minutes of the academic meetings of the Academy, now stored in the archives (RGALI) and only partially printed, are precious monuments of the living work of thought.
Next to Shpet in the Philosophical Department worked such people as A. S. Akhmanov, A. A. Sidorov, and Gabrichevsky himself (in 1925-27 - chairman of the department), A. A. Guber, V. P. Zubov, B. V. Gornung, N. I. Zhinkin, A. G. Tsires, P. S. Popov. Of course, I didn't name all of them. Of our heroes, the Literary Section consisted of Yarkho, Petrovsky, Lyamin. There were no impenetrable boundaries between the various divisions of the Academy, and scientists took part in the activities of the entire Academy in accordance with their interests.
I have now named those employees of the State Academy of Arts who communicated outside the walls of the Academy, were like-minded people, friends, went to visit each other. Let's see where someone lived in the 1920s. Yarkho in the first half of the 1920s lived on Tverskoy Boulevard, 7, apt. 10. Even at the beginning of the century, the house was called "Romanovka". House on the corner with Malaya Bronnaya. (Main house with outbuildings - Profitable house M. S. Romanova with shops (2nd half of the 18th century - early 19th century; 1870s - 1890s; civil engineer N. G. Faleev, architects V. P. Zagorsky, N. D. Strukov, rebuilt from the Golitsyn mansion according to the project of Matvey Kazakov). Yarkho lived there in very cramped conditions. In the same apartment with his mother, brother, and half-brother Arkady, and for some time also with his father (which is recorded in the address books of Moscow), who had long since parted ways with Rozalia Osipovna; Isaak Leontievich, father, died in 1924 or 1925.
Here is how Yarkho writes to Voloshin after a long illness: “When I got up, my apartment turned out to be so truncated that I began to feel better on the street than at home. It was then that I invented the aforementioned “stop” [according to Leskov] way of life, which consists in not being at home and sleeping as little as possible. Then you go to the service, as in a dream; you sit in scientific meetings, and the brain works by itself, as if in an airless space; people seem not real; you walk and you don’t feel the floor under your feet” (December 1925).
In 1928, Yarkho managed to move with his brother Grigory and his mother to a cooperative apartment at the address: Sadovaya-Kudrinskaya, 21, apt. 42 (and this is his last address).
Gabrichevsky in 1920 marries Natalya Alekseevna Severtsova and settles in their apartment at the Zoological Museum, where the professor of zoology Alexei Nikolaevich Severtsov lived. It was a big welcoming house.
Petrovsky remains on Granovsky, while Shpet and his wife, Natalya Konstantinovna Guchkova, settled at 17 Dolgorukovskaya Street. This is a three-story Art Nouveau house built by architect Myasnikov; then, since 1928, in a cooperative apartment in Bryusov lane, house 17. Recently, a memorial plaque was installed there. The house was designed by Shchusev. M. K. Polivanov wrote in “Shpet’s Biography Sketch”: “In Shpet’s large apartment on the fifth floor in the dining room there was an internal staircase, going down half a floor, he got into his fifty-meter office with three windows on different sides, with a fireplace , with solidly and spaciously arranged shelves of his huge library and with a separate exit to the stairs.
They gathered at the Lyamins, in Savelovsky Lane. In the book by M. O. Chudakova “Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov” you can read what this room was like: cold, it was to the Lyamins that they gathered for literary readings, and for other events. Up to thirty guests were recruited, the batteries were heated, in a room with a very high ceiling it was always warm and comfortable. There was stylish furniture.
Chudakova also cites the words of Shervinsky: “The table was usually kept at the Lyamins. Why? Firstly, Lyamin was a smart and brilliant person himself, then, secondly, he had a charming wife, and then, thirdly, they were rich, which was important! Lyamin was brought up by the lawyer Gorenstein - he kept his inheritance (Lyamin was an orphan).
Gathered at the Shervinskys. Sergei Vasilyevich Shervinsky, a classical philologist, poet and translator, was an employee of the State Academy of Arts. His father, Vasily Dimitrievich Shervinsky, was an endocrinologist and therapist, a professor of medicine, and was held in high esteem by new government. He was left, almost by a special decree, a mansion in Troitsky, then and now in Pomerantsev Lane, house 8 (Trinity he was at the Trinity Church. Now this house has not been preserved). The Shervinsky family lived there: Vasily Dimitrievich, his wife, S. V. Shervinsky, his first wife Maria Sergeevna, then his second wife Elena Vladimirovna (née Gasevich). The Shervinskys rented apartments in their mansion.
Here is what Chudakova writes: “It was the house of Vasily Dmitrievich Shervinsky, a medical professor known to all of Moscow, who was still treating Turgenev; this professor's own house was assigned to him in 1918 for life, and he rented apartments<…>children's writer V. N. Dolgorukov (Vladimirov), a descendant of the princes Dolgoruky. The writer Alexander Nikolaevich Tikhonov lived here, and Andrei Andreyevich Arendt with his wife, a doctor, a descendant of Arendt's life physician, who was under Pushkin during the days of the poet's fatal illness. Bulgakov was on friendly terms with the Arendts. Vladimir Emilievich Moritz, a philologist and also an employee of the State Academy of Arts, also lived here. He got on the pages of Bulgakov's Heart of a Dog: “I swear, professor,” the lady muttered, unbuttoning some buttons on her belt with trembling fingers, “this Moritz ...<…>This is my last passion!”
Chudakova also cites some “anonymous memoirs of an author who knows this environment well”: “remarks of“ ladies ”in“ Heart of a Dog ”<…>“are due to the fact that the charming Alexandra Sergeevna Lyamina, the first wife of H. H. Lyamina, at one time completely lost her head from love for V. E. Moritz, left her husband and went to Moritz. Vladimir Emilievich, who lived with his wife and daughter in the same area, at Ostozhenka 7, terminated his first marriage, and H. H. Lyamin married N. A. Ushakova in 1922. Mikhail Afanasyevich arrived in Moscow after all these exciting events, but the conversations did not subside, Moritz was known as a seductive heartthrob. I don't know who this anonymous memoirist is.
Let's go back to the Shervinskys' house. It used to be that they celebrated the New Year. So, both Yarkho and the Gabrichevskys were at the Shervinskys' on New Year's Eve 1926, about which Gabrichevsky wrote to Voloshin: "The meeting was very successful, at the Shervinskys', and therefore not without a hint of some homely decorum." The next year, 1927, was also met at the Shervinskys. For this holiday, Voloshin sent Gabrichevsky in advance his new, well-known poem "The Poet's House". Voloshin wrote to Gabrichevsky: “I am also enclosing the poem “THE POET’S HOUSE”, and since it is dedicated to all the guests of Koktebel, please pass it on to its intended purpose (to each). I would very much like it to be read at the New Year's Eve at the Shervinskys, if it arrives in time. It is not intended for printing. And so it was done.
Here, in these folds of sea and earth,
Mold did not dry out human cultures -
The expanse of centuries was cramped for life,
So far, we - Russia - have not come.
For a hundred and fifty years - from Catherine -
We trampled down the Muslim paradise
They brought down the forests, opened up the ruins,
They plundered and ruined the region.
Orphaned gape sakli;
Gardens are uprooted along the slopes.
The people are gone. The sources are gone.
There are no fish in the sea. There is no water in the fountains.
Well, my mouth has long been closed ... Let it be!
It is more honorable to be firm by heart
And write off secretly and furtively,
In life, to be not a book, but a notebook.
And you and I - we all had the honor
"To visit the world in fatal moments"
And become sadder and sharper than we are.
Yarkho wrote to Voloshin that he also met the year 1929 at the Shervinskys'; there were also Petrovskys, Ostroumovs: Lev Evgenievich Ostroumov (1892–1955), a writer, an employee of the State Academy of Arts, and his wife Valentina Pavlovna (1888–1962). The Ostroumovs lived in the same Pomerantsev Lane, 5, apt. 2.
All our heroes, with the exception of Shpet, were additionally and very strongly, passionately even united by Voloshin and his house in Koktebel. Gabrichevsky was there for the first time in 1924 and fell in love for life. He visited almost every summer, in 1947 he bought a house in Koktebel himself; On September 3, 1968, he died there and was buried there; next to the grave of Voloshin's mother, the legendary "Pra". Following Gabrichevsky, and largely thanks to him, all the Gakhnovists of his circle ended up in Koktebel in subsequent years: the Yarkho, the Petrovskys, the Ostroumovs, and the Shervinskys. Shpet did not go to Voloshin; obviously, the too free atmosphere of this house was alien to him. But there were Gakhnovites close to Shpet: N. I. Zhinkin, A. A. Sidorov. The Voloshins' house was fantastically hospitable, a spirit of freedom reigned in it. There, in a creative, relaxed atmosphere, one could rest one's soul from the Moscow, Soviet madness.
Voloshin also visited Bulgakov, who also became close to this "circle of Prechistenets," as MO Chudakova called it. In 1924, he settled with Lyubov Evgenievna Belozerskaya in Obukhov (Chisty) per., 9 (this house has not been preserved), since June 1926 (or since 1925?) he lives in Maly Levshinsky, 4 apt. 1 (also not preserved, everything was demolished there). You have to imagine it: Obukhov and Maly Levshinsky are parallel lanes, they go to Prechistenka. House 4 along Maly Levshinsky - not far from Prechistenka, on the right, if you go from Prechistenka, and on the left, on Maly Levshinsky, there is an outbuilding and the end part of the GAC building. In the wing was the apartment of Boris Valentinovich Shaposhnikov, whom Bulgakov also knew. He was friends with Lyamin and Pavel Sergeevich Popov. Biologist Aleksey Nikolaevich Severtsov, Gabrichevsky's father-in-law, he knew back in Kyiv as a teacher (when he was studying to be a doctor). He visited the Severtsovs' apartment and in Moscow, at the Zoological Museum on Bolshaya Nikitskaya, and this same apartment turned into the apartment of Professor Persikov from the story "Fatal Eggs". L. E. Belozerskaya remarkably writes about this Ostozhenko-Prechistensky chronotope:
“The beauty of our housing was that all the friends lived in the same area. It was enough to cross the street, go along a parallel lane - and here we are at the Lyamins. Even closer - in Mansurovsky Lane - Serezha Topleninov, a charming and sociable person, a master of all trades, a guitarist and an expert on old romances. In Pomerantsev Lane - Moritsy; in our Small Levshinsky - Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolgorukov (Vladimirov), our court poet Ve De ... ".
Natalya Alekseevna Severtsova-Gabrichevskaya recalled her society, which at first also included Falk, Kandinsky, Petrovsky and other Gakhnovists: “They came to us, had smart conversations, disputes, figured out who should do what, what to read.” The philosopher G. G. Shpet came, “the more they pressed him in the dispute, the more spiritualized his face became, like a cat, predatory, he answered in such a way that everyone started laughing and could not answer anything, and he was delighted with the winner”; “This included more and more new people who fed on the minds of each other, often completely contradictory and irreconcilable; Here they are in disputes and each figured out his own. In the evenings they went to visit, drank vodka, walked through the cellars of the Arbat to drink beer, ate little, had a lot of fun, and no one complained about life. They did their job, received a pittance, and two weeks later they were penniless until they got paid” (I quote the unpublished memoirs of Severtsova, which Chudakov cites in his book about Bulgakov).
They really liked to have fun in this circle. S. V. Shervinsky told Chudakova: “You don’t know how much strength, energy was taken away by idleness. So they said: “Yes, they killed time.” Now we are much closer words that time is killing us, isn't it? Yes, killing time ... It was a whole science ... ". It is not to be concluded from this evidence that our heroes were idle. They managed to do quite a lot in their short and tragic life. Yarkho knew perfectly well what time management was, he was a person of high self-organization. But in free time he loved both feasts, and guests, and any theatricalization. (In general, everyone loved the theater, it seems to me). Yarkho was a witty man, apparently shone in society. There are memories of his jokes. “When he went to Serbia, then, returning, he announced:
And now to the country where the hammer and sickle,
I returned, Serb and young!
He also had more risky witticisms: “No, nothing will come of electrification - there is a Vissarionych switch for every light bulb of Ilyich!”
When they met the year 1928 at the Petrovsky brothers (on Granovsky Street, house 2), where the entire Gakhnov company gathered, he made a toast:
To whom with longing in the chest
We whisper for ten years:
"Go away, go away" *
May this year
We will shout back:
"I'll go, I'll go, I'll go!"
(according to the book by M. O. Chudakova "The Biography of Mikhail Bulgakov")
A comment is needed here, there were such children's toys, whistles, called "go away, go away." Inflated, released, made a characteristic sound.
No matter how. In 1928, Yarkho, Gabrichevsky and Petrovsky were dismissed from RANION a. Yarkho and Petrovsky were full members of the Institute of Language and Literature there, and Gabrichevsky was a full member of the Institute of Archeology and Art History. This RANION was located on Volkhonka. Yarkho worked there within the walls of his native gymnasium (where A. G. Tsires, Ehrenburg and Bukharin once studied), as did Petrovsky within the walls of the Polivanov gymnasium.
The atmosphere thickened. In 1928, drafting campaigns began in the press against the State Academy of Arts, in 1929 the internal reorganization of the Academy had already taken place. The bureaucratic procedure called “purge” is a lengthy process that took approximately the entire second half of 1930. The resolution of the purge commission (1930) stated that Shpet concentrated around him formalists, idealists, reactionaries and even counter-revolutionaries “of the type of Losev, Shaposhnikov, Nikolsky , Moritz”, that he “subdued finances”, that under him nepotism, rapacity was established, in a word, turned the State Academy of Arts into a “strong citadel of idealism”. Since then, he has been barred from holding leadership positions. The State Academy of Arts changed its activities very significantly in 1929, officially it ceased to exist in 1931, and was actually destroyed.
Such a resolution, in principle, was sufficient for arrest and prosecution, but then one of our heroes was arrested Gabrichevsky: March 28, 1930, released on April 29 on bail. In addition to him, however, Mikhail Aleksandrovich's brother, Fyodor Aleksandrovich Petrovsky (exile for three years), Boris Valentinovich Shaposhnikov, Sergei Sergeevich Topleninov, Vladimir Nikolaevich Dolgorukov, Anastasia Vasilyevna Petrovo-Solovovo (1930, exile for three years; in 1937 - was arrested). she will become the wife of Lev Vladimirovich Gornung).
Early 1930s. Difficult life. Search service, earnings. Teaching and translations. Let us note those places of service and occupations, which were later imputed to our heroes during the investigation. Yarkho taught German and German stylistics at various courses, as well as at the Moscow Institute of New Languages (now MSLU). Gabrichevsky, together with Shervinsky, were the editors of the first volume of the Jubilee collected works of Goethe; Gabrichevsky was also the editor of the second volume; M. A. Petrovsky, Yarkho edited the translations. This was grandiose project, in which Gabrichevsky attracted the largest philologists, poets and translators. It is worth mentioning only M. Kuzmin and Vyacheslav Ivanov. Many of Goethe's works were translated anew, something - in general, sounded in Russian for the first time.
Further. All our heroes collaborated with the Academia publishing house. In Moscow, it was located first on the Kuznetsky Most, then - in B. Vuzovsky per., 1 (already in 1934-1935) (now B. Trekhsvyatitelsky). Morozova's house, famous house. It is important to note now that Yarkho edited translations from German there, in addition to being a translator himself, the author of publications (Immermann, Munchausen; The Song of Roland; The Volsunga Saga). Shpet translated Dickens, Byron. Petrovsky's "Lord of the Fleas" by Hoffmann and "Manon Lescaut" by Prevost came out at the Academia.
They were members of the editorial board of the Great German-Russian Dictionary, edited by Elizaveta Aleksandrovna Meyer (1894-1935). In 1934, only one first volume (out of two) was published. The title says that Gabrichevsky, Lyamin, Petrovsky, Usov, A. G. Chelpanov, Shpet and Yarkho, among others, took part in the editorial work.
Published the dictionary "Soviet Encyclopedia", the address of the editorial office is Ostozhenka, 1, the first house to the left of the Prechistensky Gate. Chelpanov, the son of a philosopher, led the German group in this dictionary and encyclopedia publishing house. Each of the members of the editorial board was responsible for the vocabulary on a particular topic, compiled the corresponding dictionary, card file. For these editorial assignments, they came straight to Elizaveta Alexandrovna Meyer's house (Starosadsky per., 7 sq. 11 - in 1930). Her father, Alexander Meyer, was a Lutheran bishop, chairman of the Supreme Church Council.
At the beginning of 1935, arrests began in the case "On the Nazi counter-revolutionary organization on the territory of the USSR." Further, I will use information from the FSB CA file, R-49424, volumes 8 and 10. A total of 141 people were arrested, one was later released. Meyer was one of the first to be arrested. A series of arrests took place in Moscow on February 2 (including D. S. Usov), then a series of arrests on March 14/15, Gabrichevsky was arrested on April 20. In Leningrad there were arrests according to a different schedule. People were also arrested in Saratov, Yaroslavl and in the Crimea (in Simferopol). The legend of the investigation was as follows: a fascist organization operates in the USSR, consisting of various cells in the field. This organization was created "ON THE DIRECT TASK OF THE EMPLOYEES OF THE GERMAN EMBASSY IN MOSCOW" (CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 8, l. 7); she is connected with the "front-line fascist centers" that supply her with money and into which espionage information flows. In general, people were accused of propaganda of fascism and German intervention, of anti-Soviet propaganda, of espionage, as well as of propaganda of terror “against the leadership of the Soviet government and the Communist Party” (from the indictment; CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 8, l . 5).
Most of those arrested were philologists, linguists whose specialty was German: university professors, translators, compilers of dictionaries, editors. Thus, the entire editorial staff of the Great German-Russian Dictionary (1934) ended up behind bars. Therefore, this case is also unofficially called the "Case of the German Dictionaries". There is a version that the investigators took many names of potential arrested persons from Meyer's notebook, more precisely, from the record of payment for editorial work on the Dictionary. Meyer was also a professor at the MINJ Department of German. So, it was necessary to arrest (perhaps, according to information from the personnel department) other teachers of the same department. At the same time - those who taught German in Leningrad, who preserved the German language and culture in the places of traditional German settlement in the Volga region and in the Crimea.
Meyer was made the organizer of several "cells" of the organization. Our Gakhnov scientists ended up in “a cell of Russian fascists, consisting of scientists recruited by MEYER E. to work in the Great German-Russian Dictionary and conducting fascist work under her leadership” (CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 8, sheet 15).
I will quote the testimony of Petrovsky: “Our national-fascist group was associated with the fascist. a group created by MEYER.
The composition of the national-fascist group, of which I was a member, included: SHPET, Gustav Gustavovich, GABRICHEVSKY, Alexander Georgievich, and YARHO, Boris Isaakovich "
GABRICHEVSKY A.G. gave similar testimony:
“I, GABRICHEVSKY, was a member of the national fascist. group, which, besides me, included: SHPET, Gustav Gustavovich, PETROVSKY, Mikh. Alexandrovich, Yarkho, Boris Isaakovich and USOV, Dmitry Sergeevich ”(Testimony of A.G. GABRICHEVSKY dated 23 / IV -35).
"SHPET G.G. and YARHO B.I. also admitted that they were members of a counter-revolutionary group ”(CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 8, l. 15-16).
Yes, indeed, in the protocols of interrogations of Shpet and Yarkho, it is also written on their behalf, about their participation in the “anti-Soviet”, “counter-revolutionary” group in the State Academy of Arts. Yarkho named among the members of this group: Petrovsky, Gabrichevsky, Shervinsky, and himself (March 22); then he added a number of people: Lyamin, Strelkov (March 27), then he said that Dolgorukov, Gudziy, Usov, Chelpanov, Chulkov (poet) (March 27) joined the group. (CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 10, l. 167v., 176).
The protocol of interrogation of Shpet dated April 21, 1935 says: “I am SHPET, Petrovsky Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Gabrichevsky Alexander Georgievich and Yarkho Boris Isaakovich gathered at Gabrichevsky’s apartment, where we expressed views hostile to the Soviet government. I also admit that this group of people could consider me their leader, but I deny the existence of a group of a counter-revolutionary character because, firstly, we had no program of action and, secondly, our meetings in apartments did not have predetermined , counter-revolutionary goals. I deny that I was the leader of the counter-revolutionary nature of the group because I never gave anyone any programmatic or tactical guidelines. But this group of people could consider me a leader because I was an authority for them. Further, the investigator informed Shpet about the testimony of Yarkho and Petrovsky about the k-r. group, and Shpet’s response to this “revelation” is recorded as follows: “Yes, I cannot deny that the group consists of: Gabrichevsky Al-dra Georg., Petr. Mich. Al., Yarkho Boris Is. - representing the bourgeois intelligentsia, who met the October Revolution with hostility - was counter-revolutionary ”(CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 10, l. 77 ob.-78).
It seems to me that these testimonies about the group, which we read in the protocols of all four Gakhnovists, were the main testimonies that the investigation should have knocked out of them or attributed to them. Information about the activity itself was not difficult to obtain. Actually, the scientific and near-scientific studies of the Gakhnovists were interpreted in advance as anti-Soviet, as hostile. One could read about this in the newspapers of 1929, in critical reviews, as well as in the decisions on the purge. The investigators asked all the "accused" about their work in the State Academy of Arts, about conversations with acquaintances, about the nature of the work in the editorial office of the Meyer dictionary. Sooner or later, from each of the scientists, they received such answers that could either be considered evidence of “anti-Soviet propaganda”, or reformulated specifically for the protocols so that the indictment had something to rely on, so that there was something for the defendants to incriminate. That world of free communication and scientific creativity, which I described in the first part of the lecture, was turned upside down at Lubyanka, was twisted in some diabolical way. Acquaintances, friends and colleagues turned into members of an underground counter-revolutionary organization, the head of the Academy, the editor-in-chief of the dictionary became the organizers of the fascist and espionage activities, dialectological expeditions are espionage, contacts with foreign scientists are the transfer of secret information, a visit by a foreigner and the transfer of a book is recruitment.
Interrogation protocol - specific document, document legal nature, which must contain information sufficient for the prosecution. It only partly reflects what the detainees actually said; it contains some of the historical, biographical facts, but they also need to be treated with caution, checked; the protocol is not a transcript, they are composed, compiled by the investigator or a group of investigators as a coherent text, a text that has the logic of an inquiry, which means that in reality these testimonies should have been drawn to this logic. Thus, in the protocol of interrogations it is necessary to distinguish between the "legendary" part (with its falsification, legal logic, style) and the factual part.
All four scientists initially behave in the same way during interrogations. That is, they do not “slander” anyone, they answer all dangerous or directly accusing questions with either “no”, or “I don’t remember”, or “I don’t know”, they do not report anything that the investigation needs and, as it were, a premeditated program of the prosecution. But gradually, some earlier, some later, they admit their participation in the counter-revolutionary organization, name other participants, report on their anti-Soviet activities.
Shpet's behavior during the investigation differed, in my opinion, from the behavior of our other heroes. He was interrogated a little later than the others. More precisely, at first they interrogated immediately after the arrest, and then there was a pause. In general, Shpet, Petrovsky and Gabrichevsky had the same investigator, while Yarkho had a different one. It must be said specifically about Shpet that the investigation needed to knock out of him a confession that he was the head of a counter-revolutionary organization in the State Academy of Arts. But he never gave in, he denies it all the time. We cannot imagine what happened in the investigation room, what kind of pressure it was subjected to. It seems that then there were no terrible beatings, tortures. But there was psychological pressure, there were night interrogations, sleep deprivation - all this already happened. Nevertheless, Shpet denied everything, denied the testimony of other persons.
There was an important legal trick - if one of the accomplices reported something about you, it was called "exposing". That is, for example, "he did not admit his guilt, but is exposed by the testimony of such and such." If Shpet had not said that he was a leader, he would still have been convicted on the testimony of others. When Shpet was presented with this, he still said that I "deny these testimonies, I do not agree with what they say about me." Finally, after all, there is such a protocol where he recognizes all this, but in a special form. Testimony is pulled out of him that this is a counter-revolutionary group, this is recorded in the protocol. And then he says, “yes, maybe I was the leader of this group, although I didn’t realize it myself.” And this wording stuck. I think he behaved like a philosopher, like a logician, like a phenomenologist, who contemplates his own consciousness all the time. And in prison he says he "wasn't conscious" (and that was the truth, his real philosophy).
What was the expression of this counter-revolutionary activity? Everything that our heroes report is the same, as if it was written according to the same template, with minor changes. In fact, it's all the same. Views (platform) and activities differed - during the State Academy of Arts and Sciences and after the State Academy of Arts.
Looks - everyone says that negative attitude towards the Soviet government, intellectuals are persecuted, some talk about terror in the country, and not only against the intelligentsia. Petrovsky, for example, spoke wonderfully (however, we cannot directly say “spoke” - this is what is recorded in the protocol). It is written: "power is held by the unparalleled cruelest terror, mainly against the intelligentsia."
What is the activity? All of them wrote in their testimonies that this group seized the GAKhN and thus turned the GAKhN into a stronghold of the anti-Soviet intelligentsia. Everyone says that in the GAKhN they fought against Marxist influence. Then they say that the group did not break up, but continued to operate. What was the activity? In the fact that they gathered and discussed in an anti-Soviet spirit the activities of the Soviet government.
Since the testimony coincides in wording, we can say that this is exactly what the investigator composed and inserted into the protocols. What they actually said, we don't know. These are all the same official formulations, they are based on something, but we don’t know what they are based on.
And finally, the dictionary is also a counter-revolutionary fascist activity. But here too - what was the "contra" in the publication of the dictionary? Everything is very formulaic. Everyone says that the dictionary is "saturated with fascist terminology, erasing the notions of classes and class struggle." "We have compiled a dictionary in such a way that it can be positively evaluated and accepted into circulation only in modern, fascist Germany."
We must, therefore, attribute this to the legend, to what was composed by the investigation.
Some details of the investigation reflect some facts. For example, there was clearly talk of Petrovsky's nationalism. What was it expressed in? He regretted the loss of historical monuments: the demolition of the Sukharev tower, the Kitaigorod wall. The proof of his nationalism is the book by N. S. Trubetskoy "The Problem of Russian Self-Knowledge", which was confiscated from Petrovsky during a search and arrest, this book was sent to him by Trubetskoy himself. Indeed, Trubetskoy was still a gymnasium friend of Petrovsky. And so they extracted from Petrovsky a confession that one of the articles in the book, "On True and False Nationalism," calls "for an active struggle against internationalism, for the struggle for the organization of an original national culture. At what, in this respect special role is entrusted to the Russian intelligentsia" (Petrovsky). Trubetskoy, as a prince, an emigrant and a Eurasian, was obviously an enemy of the Soviet regime. And when the investigation found out that Petrovsky was familiar with Trubetskoy, they began to interrogate him very biasedly.
When Yarkho was interrogated, it was about collectivization. His answer was recorded, he admitted: “collectivization in our view is the eradication of Russian peasant identity” (Yarkho; (CA FSB, R-49424, vol. 10, l. 177).
Then came the part about Meyer's views. Everyone was required to admit that Meyer was a fascist and that her views were fascist. Sooner or later, those arrested reported that Meyer had counter-revolutionary fascist views.
In addition, the protocols contain very valuable biographical information about each of these scientists.
We know how it all ended. The most severe, terrible sentence was handed down to Meyer, Chelpanov and Althausen (who was a legal adviser to the Lutheran church council). They were shot.
The next sentence in terms of severity is 5 years in the camps. Such a sentence was handed down to D.S. Usov. And he, unfortunate, trumpeted all this time, undermined his health in the camps. Then he moved to his wife in Kyrgyzstan, and died there in 1943 from heart disease.
The next most severe sentence is 3 years in the camps. Yarkho received such a sentence, but this sentence was replaced by a link to Omsk. He spent 3 years there (Omsk, by the way, is Shervinsky's father's hometown, as far as I know). Then he was evacuated, ended up in the city of Sarapul, Udmurt SSR, and there he died in 1942 from tuberculosis. Sarapul local historians installed a memorial sign on the house where he lived. There is even Yarkho street now. Recently, an article was published in the Udmurtskaya Pravda newspaper about Yarkho.
Shpet was exiled for 5 years to Yeniseisk, then transferred to Tomsk. A new case was invented there in order to shoot as many people as possible. There he was shot on November 16, 1937.
And Gabrichevsky was given a very mild sentence. He was forbidden to live in sensitive areas. He lived in Kashira. In 1936 he returned to Moscow, taught at the Moscow Architectural Institute and the Academy of Architecture. On November 14, 1941, he was arrested together with G. G. Neugauz and V. G. Sakhnovsky, survived a severe form of dystrophy in prison. In 1942 he was sentenced to 5 years of exile in the city of Kamensk-Uralsky, Sverdlovsk Region. In January 1943 he moved to Sverdlovsk, lived in the same room with Neuhaus. He taught there at Moscow State University, which was in evacuation. In 1944 he was prematurely returned from exile. In 1948, as part of a campaign against cosmopolitanism, he was dismissed from the Moscow Architectural Institute and the Academy of Architecture. Taught and translated. In 1968 he died in Koktebel.
Lyamin, who was also discussed today, was arrested in 1936, sentenced to exile for three years, then arrested again in 1941. According to some sources, he was shot at the same time in 1941, according to others, he died in prison.
Discussion
Tatyana Feliksovna Neshumova: I have some questions. Did you say that one person was released? What was this person? This is not Gabrichevsky?
Marina Akimova: No, it was some kind of stoker, he got caught by accident.
Olga Sergeevna Severtseva: This was told to me by a person who wrote about Gabrichevsky and about this whole story. True story, FSB colonel. When I was doing all this, he gave me photographs. Some interrogations - he even made a photocopy for me. And then he became the headman in the church, it completely amazed me. He commented and told a lot, he was very friendly. I have only one more comment on the report - it seems to me that you married my mother to my grandfather.
Tatyana Feliksovna Neshumova: Do I understand correctly that Meyer was arrested in February, like Usov?
Marina Akimova: I don't know exact date. On February 2, she was definitely arrested. Maybe a little earlier - I did not see any documents, unfortunately.
Tatyana Feliksovna Neshumova: I am very worried about the behavior of my hero. He, too, was arrested in February. Did he name people? Or, as you said, were the arrests based on financial statements? What do you think?
Marina Akimova: Apparently, it seems to me (I don’t know exactly how all this was arranged at the Lubyanka). I think they had some sort of arrest program of their own. They had a "Dictionary", where a lot of people were listed, these statements, there were various personnel departments of institutes, German departments, and so on. There are situations - Yarkho names different people, but they were not arrested. As, for example, Shervinsky and Dolgorukov, and Strelkov (he sat down on another matter, later). They had their own program. I have not seen the records of Usov's interrogations. Those who were arrested on February 2 ended up in another cell. There were separate cells. He had a cell connected with the dictionary, but the other one was not the one connected with the case of the State Academy of Chemistry of Sheep. However, I also saw a whole volume of the indictment, Usov's testimony is also quoted there, but those that are needed. At some point, he admitted that he was engaged in counter-revolutionary activities, with the creators of the dictionary. It is. But we still cannot say that people gave each other away. They have all been arrested.
Tatyana Feliksovna Neshumova: Have you ever read Chelpanov's interrogations? Because they were with Usov in the same cell. Such a harsh sentence in relation to Chelpanov, against the background of the fact that other people were recognized as intellectual leaders - is this due to his great role in preparing the dictionary? Or some sort of confession?
Olga Sergeevna Severtseva: The fact is that I have an interrogation of Chelpanov, which was given to me by his sister, who later lived in France. Chelpanov speaks very sharply about the Soviet regime there. Active and aggressive. Meyer's I have not seen.
There were also university professors, I have a list. There is such a martyrology, I don’t know what to call it - “a list of dead professors from 1917 to 1923”, and 60% of the professors die there from hunger, old age and arrests. Therefore, when they say that someone is graduating from a university after 1920, they are graduating from a completely different university. There is absolutely no former professorship. It is only the students of the students of the former professorship who teach at IFLI.
Tatyana Feliksovna Neshumova: I would like to make one more remark. These people were not arrested, but also became victims of this case. These are the parents of the arrested. Usov's mother died in the summer of 1935, less than a year later, his son ended up in prison. Chelpanov's father, in my opinion, was not told before his death what sentence had been passed in the case. He survived his son by 3 months, but no one told him about the execution. It is impossible to establish causal relationships here, but it seems to me that this should sound: in December 1934, Kirov was killed. This is one of the first show cases to come up in response to this historical event. Though we naturally don't know what the answer is here.
Marina Akimova: Yes thank you. This must be remembered. Shpet, for example, correlated these facts. After the assassination of Kirov, he said: "Now the arrests will begin." But this was not the first time. In 1933 there was already the “case of the Slavists”, there was the “Academic case” of 1929-1930. There were high-profile cases - the case of the Industrial Party a little earlier.
Why such a harsh sentence for Chelpanov? Because it was "a fascist organization working on behalf of the German embassy." Meyer was really connected with the embassy, her father was a bishop. They came up with the idea that she was a spy, passed espionage information to Vasmer, the compiler of the etymological dictionary. They came up with the idea that she was the organizer of not one cell, but many. Although it was all the same people, Gakhnovists. There were several cells there, 4 or 5, and she “organized” all this. And Alexander Georgievich Chelpanov served in the encyclopedia and was the head of the German editorial office. This was also important. Also such a "spy". The logic is this - whoever is closer to the Germans is more guilty. Apparently so.
Elena Vladimirovna Pasternak: The fact is that Chelpanov's sister, Natasha Chelpanova, a student of VKhUTEMAS and Konchalovsky, married a French attaché, Brice Paren, who was here in Moscow in the 1920s. Her daughter, having already arrived in Moscow in our time, received access to the Chelpanov case. I watched all his questions and answers. And she just cried, the staff sympathized with her very much. She told us about it, we knew each other. She continued to be very friendly with the Konchalovskys. She spoke at the Solzhenitsyn Center, she had a big report. Amazing things. In the German dictionary accusation, there was an enumeration, quite a large one, just a sequence of words (I don’t remember them now). For example, after the "Red Army" was "theft" - and such a sequence was blamed on them, as proof of their espionage and fascist activities. Just a sequence of words.
Olga Sergeevna Severtseva: Grigory Yarkho turns to V. D. Shervinsky when Boris is already exiled to the ITL, to the camp. Shervinsky issues from himself, from his institute, a very detailed certificate of Yarkho's state of health. And thanks to this certificate, it is possible to transfer him from the camp to exile. Shervinsky was not afraid to do this.
GACHN was formed from INHUK a - Institute Artistic Culture, 1921 They all smoothly transition, the creation of the State Academy of Arts and Sciences begins.
Something else… Moscow University, Faculty of History and Philology was destroyed already in December 1917 - even before the philosophical ship - it's a very long story, how philologists, historians are separated. You have to sit and read this, this is a whole scientific work like that. This whole university culture is an insanely interesting thing. It turns out that nothing is written about this, as about the totality. Written about such and such, about such and such. Almost everyone is famous in general - but the fact that they united created a common mindset. Philologists, scientists, amazing absolutely.
V. I. Mildon, Man of the Russian Renaissance // Alexander Georgievich Gabrichevsky: Biography and culture: documents, letters, memoirs. - Moscow: Rosspan 2011, [comp. O. S. Severtseva, vst. article, essays for sections by V. I. Mildon], 30.
PELL Alexander Nikolaevich.
Born in 1874 in Kronstadt, St. Petersburg Province. (father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, nobleman, vice admiral). Brother . In 1894 - after graduating from the Naval College, he was enrolled as a midshipman in the Siberian naval crew. Since 1895 he was a watchman on the Ussuri destroyer, in the same year on the Aleut transport, the Nadezhny icebreaking ship, the Gaydamak mine ship as part of the Pacific Squadron, since 1897 he was an active member of the Society for the Study of the Amur Territory. In May 1900 he was transferred to the Baltic Fleet, in 1901 he graduated from the artillery officer class, in 1902 he returned to the Siberian naval crew, served as the chief artilleryman of the Vladivostok port and the duties of a boatmaster, taught at the School of Combat Quartermasters, trained recruits. In 1904, he took a course in minecraft. In 1904-1905 - during the Russo-Japanese War, the commander of the destroyer "205". From 1905 - commander destroyers"Brave" and "Merciless", since 1908 - in the rank of captain II rank. Since 1910 - the commander of the transports "Shilka" and "Aleut", since 1912 - the head of the division of submarines, since December - the acting head of the 2nd division of the mine brigade. In 1913 - the commander of the minelayer "Ussuri", from 1915 - the cruiser "Eagle" of the Siberian flotilla with the rank of captain of the 1st rank, from April 28, 1917 - the flag captain of the headquarters of the commander of the Siberian flotilla. Since September 19, 1917 - a member of the Special Presence of the Vladivostok Port. From July 8, 1918 - commander of the Siberian Flotilla, from September - headquarters officer for instructions from the headquarters of the commander of the Siberian Flotilla, in November approved as a member of the board of the Far Eastern Mechanical Boiler and Shipbuilding Plant, February 1, 1921 - retired. Since 1921 - taught geography of Russia at the State Far Eastern Pedagogical Institute named after K. D. Ushinsky, was in charge of the educational department of the Marine College. In August, he was appointed permanent representative of the Naval General Staff in Vladivostok for port affairs. January 27, 1931 - arrested, April 16, 1933 - sentenced to highest measure punishment, on June 17, execution was replaced by 10 years in labor camp. After 1933 - died in the camp.
Commander Pell… travelnetplanet.com › tips/2010/10…pell.html…
Commanders of the Siberian Flotilla… vladcity.com › pacific-fleet/siberian-flotilla
Spouses PELL G.N. or. PELL Georgy Nikolaevich.
Born in 1885 in Kronstadt, St. Petersburg Province. (father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, nobleman, vice admiral). Brother . In 1903 - after graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps, he was enrolled in the 13th naval crew, sailing abroad on the cruiser of the 1st rank "General-Admiral", from 1904 - served on the cruiser "Vladimir Monomakh". In 1904-1905 - during the Russo-Japanese War, as part of the 2nd Pacific Squadron, he made the transition to the Far East, participated in the Battle of Tsushima, May 14-15, 1905 - was taken prisoner, released in December, from 1906 - lieutenant. In 1909 - participated in the rescue of earthquake victims in Messina, in 1910 - after graduating from the Artillery officer class Maritime Academy taught at the Artillery officer class of the Artillery Training Detachment of the Baltic Fleet. Since 1913 - assistant head of training in the Artillery officer class and the class of galvanizers with the rank of senior lieutenant. Since November 22, 1913 - member of the Commission for the development of rules and instructions for tactical and organizational units on the ships of the fleet. Since 1913 - a teacher of the officer class of the Artillery detachment of the Baltic Fleet, since October 1914 - the flagship artillery officer of the 2nd brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Sea Fleet. Since February 10, 1916 - staff officer, head of training in the Artillery officer class of the Training Artillery Detachment of the Baltic Fleet, flagship artillery officer of the headquarters of the head of the 2nd brigade of cruisers of the Baltic Sea. Married to Lydia Ivanovna Pell, in the family - son Vladimir and daughter. From 1918 - head of the artillery department of the Main Directorate of Shipbuilding, from 1919 - teacher at the Naval Academy at the Faculty of Armaments. June 14, 1919 - arrested, was soon released. Since 1924 - Chairman of the Artillery Section of the Scientific and Technical Committee Naval Forces Red Army. In 1927 he was arrested again, released the same year. In 1928-29 - twice went on business trips to the USA, France and Germany to study the organization of design, manufacture and testing naval artillery and fire control devices (rejected offers made to him to stay in the US and France). The author of a number of inventions, enjoyed great prestige as a specialist in the field of naval artillery. On the night of March 12-13, 1930, he was arrested, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Lubyanka inner prison. April 24, 1930 - died in prison.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 516. S. 46, 111-16; D. 541. S. 74-77; D. 965. S. 117-28; D. 1711. S. 38-44.
International portal of Russia. rdinfo.ru › site.php…
Russo-Japanese War. wap.kortic.borda.ru…
PELL Lydia Ivanovna.
Born in the 1880s. Received higher technical and linguistic education. She married a military officer, in the family - a son Vladimir and a daughter. She lived with her husband in Leningrad, was engaged in housekeeping and raising her son, from April 24, 1930 - a widow. June 14, 1930 - arrested, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison (she asked her son to give her warm clothes, as she was arrested in light clothes and without a change of underwear). April 30, 1931 - sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to Vishera camp, later transferred to Belbaltkombinat. September 12, 1932 - released from the camp ahead of schedule and deported to Western Siberia. In the autumn of 1933 she was released, returned to Leningrad, worked as a technical translator in the bureau of the Belbaltkombinat. In January 1935 - fired from her job to reduce staff, was unemployed.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 516. S. 46, 111-16; D. 725. S. 19-21; D. 965. S. 117-28; D. 1406. S. 84-88; D. 1446. S. 115; D. 1711. S. 38-44.
Family of PEPELYAEVS A.N., V.A., L.A. Pepelyaev Anatoly Nikolaevich.
Born in 1891 in Tomsk (father, Pepelyaev Nikolai Mikhailovich, major general of the Russian imperial army, nobleman, died on November 21, 1916; mother Pepelyaeva Claudia Georgievna, nee Nekrasova). Brother of Arkady, Viktor and Mikhail Nikolaevich Pepelyaev. Received a home education, studied in private school, in 1908 - graduated from the Omsk Cadet Corps, in 1910 - Pavlovsk Infantry School in St. Petersburg. Served in the machine gun team of the 42nd Siberian rifle regiment in Tomsk, from 1912 - a librarian in the Officers' Assembly. February 1, 1913 - married Nina Ivanovna Pepelyaeva, nee. Gavronskaya, in the family - sons Vsevolod and Lavr. In 1914 - a participant in the First World War, served as commander of a mounted regimental intelligence battalion with the rank of lieutenant, in 1916 - during a two-month vacation, he taught tactics at the front-line ensign school. At the beginning of 1917 - promoted to captain (awarded with many orders), in 1918 - lieutenant colonel. After the October Revolution, the Council of Soldiers' Deputies elected the battalion as its commander. At the beginning of March 1918, he arrived in Tomsk, guarded the prisoner of war camp, then survived on private earnings. He joined an underground officer organization that planned to overthrow the Bolsheviks, and was later elected its leader. May 27, 1918 - led an armed uprising in Tomsk, as a result, on May 31, the power of the "Siberian government" was established. June 13, 1918 - created and headed the 1st Central Siberian Rifle Corps, with him moved along the Trans-Siberian Railway to the east in order to liberate Siberia from the Bolsheviks (Irkutsk-Verkhneudinsk-Chita were taken, joined with Transbaikal Cossacks Semyonov), promoted to colonel, September 10, 1918 - promoted to major general. In November 1918 - he began the Perm operation against the 3rd Army, on December 24 he occupied Perm (he took prisoner and sent home about 20,000 Red Army soldiers). January 31, 1919 - promoted to lieutenant general. From April 24, after the reorganization of Kolchak's army, he headed northern group Siberian army. On July 21, after the new reorganization of Kolchak's army, he became the commander of the 1st Army Eastern Front, together with the army of Kolchak retreated to Tomsk; On December 20, he was driven out of Tomsk with the army, fled with his family along the Trans-Siberian Railway. He fell ill with typhus and was placed in an ambulance, in January 1920 he was taken to Verkhneudinsk. March 11, 1920 - after recovery, he created the Siberian partisan detachment from the remnants of the 1st Army, went with him to Sretensk. April 20, 1920 - went to Harbin with his family, worked as a draftsman, then organized artels of carpenters, cab drivers and loaders; created the "Military Union". In July 1922 - he left for Vladivostok to form the military unit "Tatar Strait Police", on August 31 he set sail with her on the Sea of Okhotsk, on September 8 he landed in Ayan ("Tatar Strait Police" here was renamed the "Siberian Volunteer Squad - SDD" September 27, occupied Nelkan. In early January 1923, they moved to Yakutsk, on February 5, with a retinue, they occupied the Amga settlement (his headquarters was located there). From March 1 to March 2, 1923, his SDD detachment was defeated, fled to Ayan. June 17 after occupation by the Reds Ayana surrendered without resistance January 15, 1924 - in Chita began trial(78 defendants), sentenced to death on February 3; asked Kalinin M.I. for pardon. February 13, 1924 - the execution was replaced by 10 years in prison, sent to the Yaroslavl political isolator, spent the first two years in solitary confinement, from 1926 - worked as a carpenter, glazier and carpenter. In 1932 - the sentence was extended by 3 years. In January 1936 he was transferred to Butyrka prison, released on July 4, left for Moscow. On July 5, he left for Voronezh, received 1,000 rubles for lifting money, and was settled in the Bristol Hotel. Two months later, he was evicted from the hotel, worked as a loader, and since autumn - as an assistant to the head of the horse park in Voronezhtorg. In August 1937, he was arrested and sent to Novosibirsk, where he was charged as "the head of the counter-revolutionary White Guard SR-monarchist organization that was preparing the armed overthrow of Soviet power in Siberia and its transfer to the protectorate of Japan." January 14, 1938 - sentenced to VMN and shot on the same day, the body was buried in the prison yard.
Baikalov Karl Karlovich. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Baikal_K...
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Pepelyaev_A._N...
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Molchanov V. M. The last white general - M .: Iris-Press. 2012. S. 287-288.
Yuzefovich L. Winter road. General A.N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I.Ya. Strod in Yakutia. 1922-1923. Documentary novel - Moscow, AST publishing house, 2016 , 139-142 144-152 154-155 158 164-166 175-180 192-194 212-229 231-232 238-239 244-2246 249-250 256-259 , 265-267, 282-305, 313-314, 326-327, 334-347, 354-362, 367-372, 400-406, 412-418.
Yakut campaign. en.wikipedia.org›The Yakut campaign…
PEPELYAEV Vsevolod Anatolievich.
Born in 1913 in Tomsk (father, Anatoly Nikolaevich Pepelyaev, nobleman; mother, Nina Ivanovna Pepelyaeva, nee Gavronskaya). Nephew of Arkady, Viktor and Mikhail Nikolaevich Pepelyaev. From April 1920 - lived with his parents and brother in Harbin. He graduated from school, worked as a sailor in the city yacht club on Sungari, graduated from the Commercial School, worked as an accountant, then as a collector in an insurance company, after the Japanese occupation of Manchuria - as an agricultural worker and a free trout fisher, since 1936 - in an auto parts store in Qiqihar. In 1945 - left Harbin for Chita; since 1946 - an employee of the military intelligence of the Trans-Baikal Military District. In 1947 he was arrested, sentenced to 25 years in labor camp and sent to Sevvostoklag (Kolyma). In the late 1950s, he was released from the camp, left for the mainland, and settled in Gagra. During the Georgian-Abkhaz war, he went to his wife's relatives in Cherkessk, in 2002 he died there.
Pepelyaev Lavr Anatolievich.
Born in 1922 in Tomsk (father, Anatoly Nikolaevich Pepelyaev, nobleman; mother, Nina Ivanovna Pepelyaeva, nee Gavronskaya). Brother of Vsevolod Anatolyevich and nephew of Arkady, Viktor and Mikhail Nikolaevich Pepelyaev. He emigrated with his mother to Harbin, was an employee of the emigration bureau, a graduate of the courses of the Japanese military mission. In 1945 - left Harbin for Chita. In 1947 he was arrested, on April 19 he was sentenced to 25 years in a labor camp and sent to a camp. In 1956 - released from the camp, settled in Tashkent. In 1991 - died.
Vsevolod Anatolievich Pepelyaev. Rodovod. en.rodovid.org›wk/Record:787056…
Yuzefovich L. Winter road. General A.N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I.Ya. Strod in Yakutia. 1922-1923. Documentary novel - M., AST publishing house, 2016. S. 7, 10-11, 54-55, 406-407, 420-421.
Brothers PEPELYAEV An.N., Ar.N., V.N., M.N. Pepelyaev Arkady Nikolaevich
Born in 1888 in Tomsk (father, Pepelyaev Nikolai Mikhailovich, major general of the Russian imperial army, nobleman, died on November 21, 1916; mother Pepelyaeva Claudia Georgievna, nee Nekrasova). Brother of Anatoly, Viktor and Mikhail Nikolaevich Pepelyaev. He graduated from the Omsk Cadet Corps, in December 1912 - the Military Medical Academy, served in Tyumen as a junior intern of a military infirmary, then was transferred to Omsk, to a military hospital. Married to Anna Georgievna Pepelyaeva, nee Yakobinskaya, in the family - daughters Tatyana and Nina. In 1914 - during the First World War, together with his wife, a nurse, the chief physician of the mobile field hospital of the 10th Army of the Southwestern Front. In March 1918 - after being discharged from military service, he worked as an epidemiologist in the city hospital of Omsk; in 1918 - mobilized into the army of the Siberian Provisional Government, lieutenant colonel of the medical service; at the end of 1919 - with the retreating army he arrived in Irkutsk, where he was arrested by the Bolsheviks for possession of the papers of his brother Victor concerning the execution of the royal family in Yekaterinburg; saved from execution by Yaroslav Hasek; released from prison two months later. He returned to Omsk, practiced as an otolaryngologist. June 24, 1941 - arrested, February 14, 1942 - sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and sent to the Mariinsky camp, worked as a doctor there; May 24, 1946 - died there.
Book of memory of the Omsk region.
Yuzefovich L. Winter road. General A.N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I.Ya. Strod in Yakutia. 1922-1923. Documentary novel - M., AST publishing house, 2016. S. 379, 422.
Pepelyaev Viktor Nikolaevich
Born in 1885 in Narym, Tomsk Province. (father, Pepelyaev Nikolai Mikhailovich, major general of the Russian imperial army, nobleman, November 21, 1916 - died; mother Pepelyaeva Claudia Georgievna, nee Nekrasova). Brother of Anatoly, Arkady and Mikhail Nikolaevich Pepelyaevs. He graduated from the Tomsk Men's Gymnasium, in 1909 - the Faculty of Law of Tomsk University; As a student, he married Evstoliya Vasilievna Pepelyaeva, nee. Obolenskaya, in the family - daughter Galina. Since 1909 - taught history and geography at the women's gymnasium in Biysk. He developed a vigorous activity there: he worked as a librarian, actively wrote articles in local newspapers, published a book on the anniversary of the abolition of serfdom, lectured on legal topics for biychans and residents of the county, entered the county society for the care of primary education; organized regular theatrical and musical entertainment in the city, conducted a number of scientific excursions to the Teletskaya taiga, close to Biysk (for three incomplete years of living in Biysk, he became a well-known person there). In the summer of 1912 - nominated as a candidate for deputy to the IV State Duma in the Biysk district of the Tomsk province; October 20, 1912 - at the provincial election meeting of the Tomsk province, he was elected a deputy of the IV State Duma from the Kadet Party. He left with his family for St. Petersburg, since December he worked in the committee on public education and culture of the Duma; entered the cadet faction. In 1914, with the outbreak of World War I, he worked at the front at the head of the 3rd Siberian Medical Detachment. In February 1917, he was sent by the Provisional Government to Kronstadt as a commissar, where he was placed under arrest for two weeks; in June 1917, he returned to Petrograd. Having staked on Kornilov, he took part in his campaign against the capital; after the failure of the Kornilov campaign, he volunteered for the front as part of the 8th Siberian Mortar Division. At the end of 1917 - he headed the Petrograd Union of Siberians-regionalists, in the spring of 1918 - he entered the leadership in Moscow underground organizations "national center"and the Union of the Renaissance, was elected a member of the Central Committee of the Cadets Party. In July 1918, on the instructions of the Central Committee, he went to Siberia, visited Chelyabinsk, Ufa, Omsk, Tomsk, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk, Chita, in Manchuria, on October 4 he was in Vladivostok, 4 met in Omsk with Admiral Kolchak November 9, 1918 - elected in Omsk at the Siberian Cadet Conference chairman of the Eastern Department of the Central Committee of the Cadet Party, November 15 at the Cadet Party Conference called for the establishment military dictatorship(November 18, 1918 - the Directory was dispersed, Kolchak was declared the Supreme Ruler of Russia). He became director of the police department of the Kolchak government. In December 1918 he left the Cadet Party; later he was appointed Deputy Minister of the Interior, in May 1919 - Minister. November 22, 1919 - appointed Chairman of the Council of Ministers. January 15, 1920 - arrested in Irkutsk together with Admiral Kolchak; February 7, 1920 - shot along with Kolchak at the mouth of the Ushakovka River near its confluence with the Angara.
Wikipedia en.wikipedia.org›Pepelyaev, Viktor Nikolaevich…
Pepelyaev Viktor Nikolaevich hrono.info›biograf/bio_p/pepeljaev_vn.php
Yuzefovich L. Winter road. General A.N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I.Ya. Strod in Yakutia. 1922-1923. Documentary novel - M., AST publishing house, 2016. S. 18, 230.
Pepelyaev Mikhail Nikolaevich
Born in 1892 in Tomsk (father, Pepelyaev Nikolai Mikhailovich, major general of the Russian imperial army, nobleman, died on November 21, 1916; mother Pepelyaeva Claudia Georgievna, nee Nekrasova). Brother of Anatoly, Arkady and Viktor Nikolaevich Pepelyaevs. Received higher education. In 1918 he served in Kolchak's army as a staff captain, after the defeat of the white movement he was arrested, sentenced to 3 years in labor camps and sent to a concentration camp, later to a colony. After his release, he returned to Tomsk, interrupted odd jobs, from 1928 - worked as a staff artist in the House of the Red Army (painted posters and portraits, decorated the assembly hall for the holidays, painted the front rooms of the House with frescoes), was a member of the local branch of the Academy of Arts. February 11, 1933 - arrested as a "participant in the White Guard conspiracy", February 5, sentenced to 10 years in labor camps and sent to a camp, organized camp clubs there. In August 1937, he was arrested in a camp and sent to Novosibirsk, where he was charged as "a member of the counter-revolutionary White Guard SR-monarchist organization that was preparing the armed overthrow of Soviet power in Siberia and its transfer to the protectorate of Japan." January 14, 1938 - sentenced to VMN and shot on the same day.
Book of memory of the Tomsk region.
Yuzefovich L. Winter road. General A.N. Pepelyaev and anarchist I.Ya. Strod in Yakutia. 1922-1923. Documentary novel - M., AST publishing house, 2016. S. 379-380, 417.
Born in the 1880s (grandfather, Bestuzhev-Ryumin Mikhail Pavlovich, executed Decembrist; cousin, Polivanov Petr Sergeevich, from 1882 - spent twenty years in the Shlisselburg fortress). She married Vyacheslav Iosifovich Pervolf, an economist-planner, in the family - a son and a daughter. She lived with her husband in Leningrad, was engaged in housekeeping and raising children. In March 1935, she was supposed to leave with her husband for Turgai, Aktobe region, for 5 years on his case, but she was left in Leningrad (the “revolutionary and scientific merits of her relatives were taken into account”).
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1375. S. 159, 161-62; D. 1447. S. 59.
Chuikina S. A. Noble memory: former in the Soviet city (Leningrad, 1920-30s). St. Petersburg: publishing house of the European University in St. Petersburg, 2006. P. 163.
Perevoznikov Alexey Vladimirovich
Born in 1894. He graduated from the cadet corps in Polotsk and the Konstantinovsky Artillery School in St. Petersburg. From 1914 - at the front as commander of an artillery battalion in the 37th artillery brigade, in June 1916 - was wounded. From 1918 - after his recovery he fought in the White Army. February 7, 1920 - arrested in the town of Dubrovka as a "member of the counter-revolutionary military organization". February 14 delivered to Moscow and imprisoned in Butyrka prison.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 319. S. 38, 54.
Ryazan Book of Memory… genrogge.ru › rmbgw_1914-1918/rmbgw_v.i_1914-…
PEREDOLSKY Vladimir Vasilievich
Born in 1869 in Novgorod (father Vasily Stepanovich Peredolsky, famous local historian, pioneer of Novgorod archeology, founder of the Novgorod Society of Antiquities Lovers). In 1898 - graduated from the department of natural sciences of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of St. Petersburg University, left at the university to prepare for a professorship in the departments of anatomy and anthropology with ethnography and geography. He conducted archaeological and ethnographic research in Siberia, which became the basis of his Ph.D. thesis on the peoples of the Turukhansk region. He taught at the Faculty of Geography of St. Petersburg University, after defending his doctoral dissertation on the problems of human origin, he became a professor, published articles in Russia, Germany, France. Author of the book "On the Yenisei" (published in 1908 in St. Petersburg). Before the revolution, he served in the Department of Education, in 1917 he was the director of the male gymnasium of the Russian Assembly in St. Petersburg with the rank of state councilor. From 1918 - lived in Novgorod, worked at the Teachers' Institute, taught a course in the history of culture, anthropology, anatomy, geography, meteorology, from 1921 - professor of anthropology at the Novgorod Institute of Public Education. Engaged in historical research, headed the Novgorod historical Museum known in Europe. He is married to a math teacher and has three children. In the 1930s, he taught an optional course in anthropology at Leningrad University, and in 1932 he was suspended from teaching for wearing a cross, exiled from Leningrad. In the autumn of 1933, he was arrested in Novgorod as a "participant in a counter-revolutionary terrorist group", taken to Leningrad for investigation and imprisoned. In February 1934, he was sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and sent to Dallag (he was in a camp on Askold Island in the Sea of Japan). Since June 1934 - was in the camp department on Askold Island, for several months he worked as a watchman of the reindeer herd, studied the sika deer and also collected ethnographic materials about the life of the Chukchi and Eskimos .. In October 1935 - he was transferred to the camp department at the Sredne-Belaya Ussuri railway station roads, worked in the agricultural NKVD. In December 1935, he requested Pompolit's petition for the return of his unique library of ten thousand volumes, taken out by the authorities from his house. In 1936 he died in the camp.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1: D. 1260. S. 1-5; D. 1372. S. 264-67.
Novgorod University… novsu.ru › press/novuniver/i.2526/…
Perepelovsky Alexander Vasilievich.
Born in 1863 in the village of Stavropolskaya, Ekaterinodar department of the Kuban region (father Vasily Grigorievich Perepelovsky, lieutenant general). In 1883 - graduated from the Vladikavkaz real school, in 1885 - the Nikolaev cavalry school, served as a cornet in the Kuban Cossack division, commander of a hundred; from August 1888 - centurion; from May 1896 - podesaul, from May 1900 - esaul; from February 1907 - military foreman; from August 1908 - commander of a hundred of the Kuban Cossack division, from December 1910 - colonel, from December 1913 - commander of a hundred of the 1st Taman regiment of the Kuban Cossack army. Member of the First World War, from May 1916 - commander of the 1st brigade of the 1st Caucasian Cossack division, from July 1917 - commander of the same brigade, major general. In February 1918, returning from Persia, he was arrested by the Bolsheviks in Armavir, Kuban region. On the morning of March 6, 1918, he was shot at the Ladoga railway station of the Yekaterinodar department of the Kuban region. Buried in mass grave, near the station, opposite the Abakov mill, not far from the warehouse and along the ditch line separating the railway right-of-way. After the village was liberated from the Bolsheviks, the body was reburied.
Information provided by Igor Mikhailovich Alabin.
List of those executed in Saratov. d-v-sokolov.livejournal.com›525017.html…
Born in 1870 in St. Petersburg (grandfather, Peretz Grigory Abramovich, Decembrist). Graduated from St. Petersburg University, philologist, literary historian. Since 1904 - professor Kiev University St. Vladimir at the Department of Russian Language and Literature, in 1907 - created the "Seminary of Russian Philology of Academician VN Peretz". Since 1914 - professor Saratov University, since 1917 - Professor of the Petrograd (Leningrad) University. April 11, 1934 - arrested in the case of the so-called "Russian National Party". He was sent for further investigation to Moscow and imprisoned in an internal isolation ward at Lubyanka. June 16, 1934 - sentenced to 3 years of exile and sent to Saratov. June 17, 1934 - expelled from the USSR Academy of Sciences by the decision of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. September 23, 1935 - died in exile.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Peretz,_Vladimir_Nikolaevich…
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1187. S. 70-75.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Pereyaslavtsev Mikhail Nikolaevich
Born in the 1890s (father, Pereyaslavtsev Nikolai Mikhailovich; mother von Maer). Received higher education. Lived in Kharkov, worked in an institution. In the early 1940s, he was arrested, sentenced to VMN and shot.
Kopyeva I. ... And my tent was Rome to me. - Vologda. 2004, p. 99.
Born in 1897 in Zhmerinka, Vinnitsa district. He graduated from the Odessa Military School, served in the imperial army, by 1914 - at the front with the rank of staff captain (awarded with orders and St. George's crosses). In 1919 - fought in the army of Petlyura on command posts, then emigrated to Poland, and in 1922 - returned to Russia. Lived in Kyiv, worked as an accountant. In 1930 - arrested for service in the White Army, sentenced to 5 years of exile and sent to Nikolsk in the Northern Territory. Worked as an accountant in GORT. October 1, 1935 - arrested on charges of "anti-Soviet agitation" (he told exiles about the famine in Ukraine). May 12, 1936 - sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to a camp.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 717. S. 141; D. 1496. S. 83-84, 88.
Spouses PERFILYEVS A.P. and N.B.
PERFILIEV Alexander Pavlovich
Born in 1903 (father Pavel Perfiliev, nobleman, doctor). Received an incomplete higher education. In the 1920s, he lived in Leningrad, worked as a geologist at Geolkom. Married to Nina Borisovna Lyzhina. In March 1935 - exiled with his wife to Kuibyshev for 5 years. December 23, 1937 - arrested in a group case, December 30 sentenced to VMN and March 15, 1938 - shot.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PERFILYEVA (nee Lyzhina) Nina Borisovna.
Born in the 1900s (father, Lyzhin Boris Pavlovich, a nobleman, a doctor at the Botkin hospital, died in 1917). Received higher education. In 1921 - she married Baron Maximillian Vladimirovich Osten-Saken, since 1925 - a widow. From 1926 she worked as a geologist and hydrogeologist at Geolkom in Leningrad. She married the hydrogeologist A.P. Perfilyev. In March 1935 - exiled with her husband to Kuibyshev for 5 years, in May 1937 - was in the same place, from March 15, 1938 - a widow.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1305. S. 107-12; D. 1547. S. 10-12.
PERFILIEV Sergei Apollonovich.
Born in 1853. Member of the battle near Plevna, lieutenant of the Grenadier Corps, participant in the Russo-Japanese War with the rank of lieutenant colonel, was wounded. By 1907 - Colonel of the Russian Imperial Army, by 1917 - Lieutenant General. In September 1918 - arrested in Pyatigorsk as a hostage. On the night of November 1-2, 1918 - killed.
Villiers O. A. Popov V. A. Memoirs of a Russian grandmother. M.: Encyclopedia of villages and villages, 2005. S. 300.
Russian army in the Great War. grwar.ru › persons/persons.html…
Russo-Japanese War… samoupravlenie.ru › 39-12.php…
List of ranks of the Grenadier Corps… petergen.com › history/plevna1877.shtml…
Brothers PERKHUROV A. P. and B. P.
Perkhurov Alexander Petrovich
Born in 1876 in Tver province. (father Perkhurov Petr Alexandrovich, from hereditary nobles; mother Perkhurova Serafima Alexandrovna, nee Dyatkova). Brother and cousin. In 1893 - graduated from the 2nd Moscow Cadet Corps, in 1895 - from the 3rd Alexander Military School, was sent as a second lieutenant to the 39th artillery brigade stationed in the Kars region, where he first served as a clerk, and then served as a brigade adjutant. In 1903 - graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, transferred to the 2nd Turkestan artillery brigade with the rank of staff captain. In 1904-1905 - a participant in the Russo-Japanese War as part of the 1st Siberian Artillery Battalion of the 14th Siberian Brigade. From March 1906 - served in Omsk, in July 1907 - transferred to the 3rd East Siberian Artillery Brigade with the rank of captain. Married to Evgenia Vladimirovna Perkhurova, nee. Grigorieva, the daughter of a titular adviser, in the family - daughter Tamara and son Georgy. In 1914 - at the front, the commander of the Siberian artillery brigade with the rank of captain, from July 1915 - with the rank of colonel. In March 1917, he was commander of an artillery battalion; in October he was promoted to the rank of major general, but the order did not take effect. In 1918 - a teacher at an artillery school, July 6-22, 1918 - leader of the uprising in Yaroslavl. After the defeat, he broke through the encirclement, crossed the front and joined the army of Kolchak. In 1919 he was promoted to major general there, was called Perkhurov-Yaroslavsky. March 11, 1920 - during the Siberian "ice campaign" with a detachment he surrendered to the red partisans, sent to Yekaterinburg, where he was released. He worked at the headquarters of the Priuralsky military district. On the night of May 19-20, 1921, he was arrested as a "participant in a military conspiracy" and imprisoned. In June he was sent to Moscow, imprisoned in the Butyrka prison and brought to trial as the "leader of the Yaroslavl uprising." July 21, 1922 - sentenced to VMN and shot.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op 1. D. 233. S. 90.
Data from the exhibition in the Tver Regional Museum of Local Lore.
Perkhurov Alexander Petrovich hronos.km.ru › biograf/bio_p/perhurov.html…
Perkhurov Boris Petrovich
Born in 1881 in Tver province. (father Perkhurov Petr Alexandrovich, from hereditary nobles; mother Perkhurova Serafima Alexandrovna, nee Dyatkova). Brother and cousin. In 1900 - graduated from the 2nd Cadet Corps, studied at the Alexander Military School, in 1904 - graduated from the Mikhailovsky Artillery School, was released as a second lieutenant to serve in the 1st Artillery Brigade, in November - transferred to the 2nd Reserve Artillery Brigade, stationed in Serpukhov . Married to Anna Feodorovna Petkhurova, nee. Voskresenskaya, in the family - sons Alexei and Peter, daughters Tatiana and Natalia. Before the First World War, he served in Omsk and Vladivostok, from 1914 - at the front, in October 1917 - dismissed from the army with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Until the summer of 1918, he served as a clerk on the railway, in June he joined the White Army, was appointed commander of the 1st Steppe Siberian separate rifle heavy battery, in November - commander of the 4th Siberian separate light division in the army of A. V. Kolchak. Later, he served as an artillery inspector, in 1919 - quartermaster of the 3rd Steppe Corps with the rank of colonel, from July - quartermaster of partisan detachments of the 3rd Army, deputy to his brother Alexander. In early November 1919, he left Omsk with Alexander's detachment to the east, the day before he managed to evacuate his family to Chita. March 11, 1920 - taken prisoner and brought to trial as a "participant in a military conspiracy." From January 1921 - was kept in Yekaterinburg concentration camp No. 1. Sentenced to 5 years in labor camp, but was not sent to the camp and lived in Yekaterinburg at his brother's apartment. May 19, 1921 - during the arrest of his brother Alexander, he managed to escape, since that time his traces have been lost, and his fate is unknown.
White Knights: Perkhurov Brothers in Standing for Faith and Fatherland. ganfayter.livejournal.com › 15671.html…
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Perkhurov_A...
Perkhurov Alexander Sergeevich.
Born in 1880 in Konakovo, Tver province. (of the nobility). Cousin. In 1898 - graduated from the 2nd Moscow Cadet Corps, in 1900 - Konstantinovsky Artillery School in St. Petersburg. In 1914 - participant in the First World War, head of the sound-observation station at the headquarters of the Kiev military district with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1918 - a participant in the Civil War, from July 1919 - chief of staff of artillery of the 44th Infantry Division, took part in the hostilities on the Southern Front against units of the All-Union Socialist Republic of Lieutenant General A. I. Denikin. From September 15, 1919 - commander for assignments in the Office of the Artillery Inspector of the 12th Army, from May 1920 - on the Southwestern Front against the Poles, from August - Assistant Chief of Artillery of the 58th Infantry Division, September 12, 1921 - Assistant Chief of Artillery 45th Infantry Division. From December 31, 1921 - head of the divisional artillery school, from February 1922 - deputy head of artillery, in October - commander for assignments in the Office of the head of artillery of the Red Army in the Far East. From June 24, 1923 - Chief of Artillery of the 2nd Amur Rifle Division. From July 1924 - Chief of Artillery of the 19th Primorsky Rifle Corps, from June 1925 - Assistant Inspector of Artillery of the PriVO Headquarters. Since November 1926 - Assistant Inspector of Artillery at the headquarters of the Caucasian Red Army. Since November 1929 - a teacher at the shooting and tactical courses for improving the command staff of the Red Army "Shot", since August 1932 - the head of the tactics department of the Military Academy of Mechanization and Motorization of the Red Army. In 1935 - transferred to the reserve, taught military affairs at the 4th Special Artillery School in Moscow, from October 15, 1937 - Colonel of the Reserve. July 4, 1941 - drafted into the army as chief of artillery of the 2nd Infantry Division, in January 1942 - captured and sent to a prisoner of war camp in the Bryansk region. He joined civil uprising Lokotsky self-governing district B.V. Kaminsky - Russian Liberation People's Army (RONA). Head of artillery of a separate SS assault brigade "RONA". In October 1944, he was appointed to the post of inspector for artillery weapons of the artillery department of the headquarters of the Armed Forces of the KONR, on May 9, 1945, he surrendered to representatives of the 26th Infantry Division of the 3rd American Army in the Kaplitse-Krumau area. Contained in the camps for prisoners of war Kladenska Rovna, Friedberg, Ganaker (Landau). In the summer of 1945, he voluntarily repatriated to the USSR (according to unverified information from the Ganaker camp). In 1946 - sentenced to VMN and shot.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Perkhurov_A...
Lokot Republic and RONA. reibert.info›Site forum›Archive›t-8232.html…
Perkhurov Alexander Sergeevich. soldat.ru…
Born in 1893 (of the nobility). He graduated from a real school in Kharkov, a shooting school in Oranienbaum and command courses at the headquarters of the XI Army. Since 1914 - at the front as an officer of the Zaraisk regiment, on January 3, 1918 - seriously wounded, after the hospital he went to Anapa for treatment. February 2, 1921 - arrested (he himself informed the Special Department of the Cheka that he was visited by two officers, members of the "secret officer organization", he refused to cooperate with them). In June he was sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison, later transferred to a typhoid hospital. January 12, 1922 - at the request of Pompolit released from prison.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 234. S. 1-11.
Born in 1861 in Kursk. Lieutenant Colonel of the Imperial Army. He lived in Kursk, worked at the headquarters of the commissioner for the re-evacuation of livestock, was also the custodian of the property of the Kursk artillery depot. November 17, 1919 - arrested by the Special Department of the Southwestern Front "for counter-revolutionary activities." On December 6, he was sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison. December 23, 1919 - sentenced to imprisonment in a concentration camp until the end of the civil war. In April 1920, at the request of his wife, the legal department of the Moscow Political Red Cross made requests to search for him, but to no avail.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 236. S. 205.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PERTSOVA (nee Golitsyna) Ekaterina Mikhailovna.
Born in 1914 in Moscow. Princess (grandfather, Prince Golitsyn Vladimir Mikhailovich; father, Prince Golitsyn Mikhail Vladimirovich, marshal of the nobility, justice of the peace; mother Golitsyn Anna Sergeevna). Received home education. Artist. From 1919 she lived with her family in Bogoroditsk, then in Moscow. In March 1929 - deprived of voting rights, settled in the village of Kotovo, Moscow Region, from July 1931 - in Dmitrov. She married Valery Nikolaevich Pertsov, in the family there are sons Vladimir and Nikolai. She lived with her husband in Moscow, was engaged in housekeeping and raising children, from the beginning of 1935 she worked as a laboratory assistant at the Physics Institute of the Academy of Sciences, but was soon dismissed. Then she worked for a short time Textile Institute, later - a contract draftsman (in July 1941 - her husband got into the Moscow militia, went missing in November).
Golitsyn S. M. Notes of a Survivor. pp. 350, 575, 602, 631-632, 748.
Russian Bulletin. rv.ru › content.php3?id=5711…
PESTRIKOV Alexander Vladimirovich
Born in 1887 in St. Petersburg (father, Vladimir Pestrikov, officer of the Russian imperial army, nobleman; mother, Olga Aleksandrovna Pestrikova; aunt Lyudmila Mikhailovna Pestrikova). In 1906 he graduated from the Pyrotechnic Artillery School, in 1909 - the Military Topographic School. Officer of the Russian Imperial Army, in 1914 - at the front as a staff captain, by 1917 - captain. In the autumn of 1917 - he entered military engineering academy Red Army, in 1920 - after graduating as a military engineer; taught in military schools. In 1924 - after demobilization he taught mathematics in military and labor schools and in Road Institute. Married to Maria Maksimovna Pestrikova. In 1934 - a member of the Arctic expedition to the New Siberian Islands, from which he returned in December. In March 1935 - exiled with his wife, mother and aunt to Orel for 5 years, taught at a secondary school. August 6, 1937 - arrested, sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and October 9 sent to the Ropcha camp (Knyazh-Pogost village, Ust-Vym district, Komi region).
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1358. S. 137-139; D. 1394. S. 109-113, 115; D. 1477. S. 54-55; D. 1559. S. 228; D. 1679. S. 88-91.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Family PETERSEN V.E., E.V. and Yu.V.
PETERSEN Vladimir Evgenievich.
Born in 1891 in St. Petersburg (father, Evgeny Konstantinovich Petersen, nobleman, major general). He graduated from the gymnasium, in 1917 - the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the University in Petrograd. He was mobilized into the army by the provisional government, studied at the Konstantinovsky military school, and from 1918 volunteered to join the Red Army. In 1924 - after demobilization he worked as an accountant, senior accountant at the 1st furniture factory in Leningrad. Married to Evgenia Vasilievna Petersen, in the family - a son, Yuri. In March 1935 - exiled with his wife and son to Astrakhan for 5 years (-15). He worked as the head of the economic department. In March 1936, he received a passport and accepted an offer to work as a chief accountant at the construction of the NKVD in Vyazma, where upon arrival he was assigned until the end of construction as an administrative exile for 4 years.
PETERSEN (nee Belysheva) Evgenia Vasilievna.
Born in the 1890s. Received a secondary education. She married Vladimir Evgenievich Petersen, in the family - the son of Yuri. In March 1935 - exiled with her husband and son to Astrakhan for 5 years (-15).
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1: D. 1537. S. 1-2, 9-16, 18-19, 21-22; D. 1559. S. 166.
Petersen Yuri Vladimirovich.
Born in the 1920s (father Vladimir Evgenievich Petersen; mother Evgenia Vasilievna Petersen). He lived with his parents in Leningrad, went to school. In March 1935 - exiled with his parents to Astrakhan for 5 years (-15).
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1: D. 1537. S. 1-2, 9-16, 18-19, 21-22; D. 1559. S. 166.
Born in 1884 in St. Petersburg. He received a higher education, in the 1930s he worked as a librarian of the 1st category at the State Public Library. March 2, 1935 - arrested, March 4 sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to a camp.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1. D. 1379. S. 236-37, 239.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1892. Imperial army officer with the rank of second lieutenant. In 1914 - at the front as commander of the 440th military transport, was twice seriously wounded. Since 1918 - assistant chief of the Oryol-Chernigov detachment for the protection of sugar factories, commandant of three refineries. July 19, 1919 - arrested by the Revolutionary Tribunal of the 12th Army on the Mikhailovsky farm, Chernigov province, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. Thanks to the petition of the legal department of the Moscow Political Red Cross, the unanimous resolutions of the general meetings of the workers of the refineries demanding his release and the petition of the administration of "Glavsugar" was released.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 236. S. 212-213.
Born in 1876 in Vologda (father, nobleman, officer of the Russian imperial army). In 1894 - graduated from the Nizhny Novgorod Cadet Corps, in 1897 - Nikolaev engineering school, in 1907 - the Academy of the General Staff in St. Petersburg, held a number of staff positions in the Warsaw Military District. During the First World War, he served in succession: assistant chief of the department of headquarters of the North-Western Front, senior adjutant of the department of the quartermaster general of the 12th Army, head of the department in the department of the quartermaster general of the North-Western Front. He commanded a rifle regiment, was chief of staff of the 8th Siberian Rifle Division, 34th and 50th army corps, assistant, then quartermaster general of the Southwestern Front with the rank of colonel of the General Staff. In 1918 - in the Red Army, in October he led the school for the training of command personnel in Krasnoborsk, in November 1918 - chief of staff of the 6th Army. From May 1919 - the Western Front, from November - the Southern Front, from January 1920 - the South-Western Front. After the war, he commanded the troops of the Kiev, Siberian and West Siberian military districts. In 1924 - Head of the Main Directorate of the Red Army, in 1925 - Commander of the Siberian Military District. In 1928 - for especially important assignments at the Revolutionary Military Council of the USSR, from 1930 - inspector of engineering troops, from December 1934 - head of the Engineering Department. In the autumn of 1937, he was arrested, sentenced to VMN, and on October 7 he was shot.
Big soviet encyclopedia. dictionary.yandex.ru
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Petin,_Nikolai_Nikolaevich…
Commander N. N. Petin. rufort.info › library/petin/petin.html…
Born in 1870 in Reval (from the nobility). He graduated from the Theological Seminary in St. Petersburg, in 1893 - ordained a Catholic priest, from 1897 - vicar of the Church of St. Stanislav in St. Petersburg, from 1897 - chaplain in the Russian imperial army. In 1904, the chapel of the Sacred Heart of Jesus in Terioki was built with donations from him and Stanisław Ptashytska, and in 1908 a chapel was built in the village of Ligovo near St. Petersburg. In November 1917 - during the October Revolution, he went into hiding, from November 1919 - rector of the churches of Sts. App. Peter and Paul in Kronstadt, later - the administrator of the parish in Vyborg. From 1920 - lived in Kyiv, the apostolic administrator of the Zhytomyr diocese Theophilus Skalsky was sent to the parishes of the villages of Buchki and Gorbulevo (he served there without registration). In 1922 - arrested, sentenced to one year in prison. In 1924, after being released from prison, he took Polish citizenship and went on an exchange to Poland. He was admitted to the Włocław diocese, from 1925 he served in the parish in Lubomin, from 1928 - in Wistka, from 1935 - in Svinitsa, from 1938 - in Mokoszyn (stayed there during German occupation). October 24, 1939 - arrested by the Gestapo and on the night of October 30 to November 1 he was shot in Piotrkow Kuyavsky (the body was buried in the field). April 10, 1945 - parishioners reburied him at the local cemetery.
Dzwonkowski R. S.A.C. Kosciól katolicki w ZSSR, 1917-1939: Zarys historii. Lublin, 1997, p. 393.
Madala T. Polscy ksieza katoliccy w wiezieniach i lagrach sowieckich od 1918 r. Lublin, 1996, p. 124.
Book of Memory. Martyrology of the Catholic Church in the USSR. M.: Silver Threads, 2000. S. 133-34.
Shkarovsky M.V., Cherepenina N.Yu., Shiker A.K. Roman Catholic Church in the North-West of Russia in 1917-1945. St. Petersburg: Nestor, 1998. S. 233.
PETRANDI Yuri (George) Mikhailovich.
Born in 1892 in Sestroretsk (nobleman). In 1913 - graduated from the Naval Corps, served as watchman of the training ship "Nikolaev", from May 1914 - on the gunboat "Brave", from December 1915 - in the division of submarines. In 1916 - graduated short courses scuba diving, served on the Vepr and Zmeya submarines, from January 1918 - commander of the Panther submarine, fled to Finland in November, and from December - senior navigator of the Estonian steamship Lembit. In April 1919, he left with officers for the Far East, served in Kolchak's army as head of the radio station in the Ob-Irtysh basin in Tomsk, fell ill with typhus. In January 1920 he was arrested in Irkutsk, in April he was taken to Krasnoyarsk, in June he was sent to serve in the transport department of the provincial Council of the National Economy. Member of the Kara expeditions, was amnestied in December. From March 1921 - served in the Ob-Yenisei hydrographic detachment, in May 1924 - fired, sailed on the Siberian rivers in the association "Sibvodput". Deputy Head of the Hydrographic Department, Head of the Krasnoyarsk Expedition of the Hydrographic Department. October 25, 1937 - arrested as a "member of a counter-revolutionary group", sentenced to VMN and shot.
Pilkin V.K. In the White Struggle in the North-West: Diary 1918-1920. M.: Russian way, 2005. S. 140, 145, 417, 574.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1868. Graduated from high school, served in the institution. Since August 1914 - at the front as an officer, was taken prisoner, sent to a prisoner of war camp in Germany. In October 1919, after his release, he returned to Russia, was arrested in Velikiye Luki, taken to Moscow and imprisoned in the Zvenigorod camp.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 231. S. 103.
Born in the 1870s (father was a nobleman, died in 1879). He received a higher education, a forestry scientist, from 1898 he worked in his specialty. In 1932 he was arrested, in the spring of 1933 he was sentenced to 5 years of exile in Kazakhstan and sent to Alma-Ata in May, in January 1934 he was transferred to Semipalatinsk as a specialist.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1211. S. 124-30, 132.
Born in 1895. Graduated from a gymnasium in Bakhmut, a land surveying school and a school for ensigns in Kyiv. From August 1914 - at the front in a sapper battalion, from 1918 - in the White Army. In July 1920 - taken prisoner, sent to serve in cavalry division Red Army. October 20, 1920 - when registering officers, he was arrested, on November 13 he was sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Novo-Peskovsky camp. February 21, 1921 - sentenced "for serving the Whites" to a concentration camp for 5 years, in December he was transferred to the Kozhukhovsky camp.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 231. S. 109.
Born in 1901 in Kronstadt. He graduated from the military artillery school, in 1919 - a volunteer in the Red Army, served as an officer in an artillery regiment. In the 1920s, he lived in the Krasnoflotsky fort, worked as a quartermaster technician in the artillery battalion of the Izhora fortified area. July 16, 1937 - arrested, January 12, 1938 - sentenced to VMN for espionage, shot on January 18.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in the 1890s. Received higher legal education. October 12, 1930 - arrested in Danilov, sentenced to 5 years in a concentration camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In May 1931, he was recognized as an invalid of the 2nd group by a medical commission and sent into exile in Krasnoborsk in the Northern Territory. I was in the hospital in October.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 643. S. 171-173; D. 798. S. 239-41.
Born in 1892. Graduated from high school, entered the medical faculty of Moscow University. In 1915 - after the second year he was mobilized into the army as a medical student, after accelerated courses at the Chuguev Military School he was sent as an officer to the active army on the South-Western Front. September 7, 1916 - was seriously wounded and shell-shocked, taken to a hospital in Pyatigorsk. After the cure, he worked as a clerk in the Union of Crippled Warriors in Yekaterinodar. August 1, 1920 - when registering former officers, he was arrested as a "participant in a counter-revolutionary organization" (during the search, St. George's crosses, certificates of awards and certificates of injuries were seized). September 9 sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Kozhukhovsky camp. August 16, 1921 - released, but continued to be in the camp. Only after applying to the Moscow Political Red Cross was he released from the camp. August 31, 1930 - arrested in Kazan. January 5, 1932 - sentenced to 3 years of exile and sent to Kazakhstan. In August 1933 - was there.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1: D. 232. S. 28-42; D. 236. S. 1-14; F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1446. S. 88.
Born in the 1890s. Military sailor. In 1921, he was arrested in Petrograd as a "participant in the Kronstadt uprising", sentenced to imprisonment in a concentration camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In July 1926, there was no answer to Pompolit's inquiry about his fate.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 167. S. 89; D. 1699. S. 27, 35.
Military engineer. February 8, 1930 - arrested in Stalingrad, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. April 26, 1931 - sentenced to 3 years in a concentration camp with confiscation of property and expulsion of his wife. In March, on a date with his wife, he said that he would be used in prison.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1716. S. 135-42.
PETROV Sergei Dmitrievich
Born in the 1880s. In 1902 - graduated from a military school in Moscow, served as an officer in the Tsaritsyn regiment in Yamburg. Member of the Russo-Japanese War, served in the Novocherkassk regiment with the rank of captain, was seriously shell-shocked. Transferred to non-combatant service, clerk in the Main Directorate of military educational institutions with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1918 - demobilized, served in the Council of National Economy northern region, then in the department of the People's Education Department, later fired due to staff reductions. He worked in the disabled cooperation, in the artel of the disabled "Infaskoop". Married to Alexandra Ludwigovna Petrova. In March 1935 - exiled with her husband from Leningrad to Ufa for 5 years.
PETROVA Alexandra Ludwigovna.
Born in the 1870s. Received a secondary education. She married officer Sergei Dmitrievich Petrov. She lived with her husband in Leningrad, did housework. In March 1935, she was exiled with her husband from Leningrad to Ufa for 5 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1482. S. 188-89, 194-203; D. 1587. S. 89-91.
Born in 1890 (of the nobility). In 1913 - graduated from a real school and entered the Kyiv Commercial Institute. In 1914 - mobilized into the army, from 1915 - at the front as an ensign, in 1916 - as a cornet. In 1918 he entered the Moscow Commercial Institute, then moved to Kazan, in August he was captured by the White Czechs and went to Siberia with them. In November 1918, he joined Kolchak's army as an officer for assignments at the headquarters of the Omsk Military District. In October 1919 he was sent to Vladivostok, where he remained to live (a subject of the Far Eastern Republic). Economics student Far Eastern University in Vladivostok. In 1921 - authorized by the Vladivostok Commission of the "All-Russian Committee for Assistance to the Starving Volga Region": "I brought to Moscow a large echelon of bread for the starving." August 17, 1922 - arrested, October 7 released "for lack of evidence." In the late 1920s, he lived in Kazan, worked as an occupational safety technician at the Svetoch factory. April 17, 1933 - arrested on charges of "criticizing the Soviet regime." Sentenced to 3 years of exile and sent to Western Siberia.
Expulsion instead of execution. M.: Russian way, 2005. S. 103, 105-106, 476.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1910 in Warsaw (father, Boris Petrov, headquarters captain of the Smolensk Lancers, in 1916 - killed at the front). He graduated from school in Leningrad, worked as a mechanic at the Hydrolysis plant. March 31, 1935 - expelled from Leningrad with his mother to Astrakhan for 5 years. He was unemployed, in April 1937 - he asked for Pompolit's petition to cancel the expulsion and return to Leningrad.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1622. S. 154-156.
She was born in 1870. She graduated from the gymnasium, the Pedagogical Institute and pedagogical courses with gold medals, then studied at the Sorbonne in Paris, where she taught French to the children of the poor. In 1899 - returned to Russia, lived in St. Petersburg, taught French in a gymnasium, in courses, in Pedagogical Academy; since 1919 - a teacher, then - professor at the department of French language and methodology, head of the French department. From 1921 - lecturer and senior assistant at Leningrad State University; also taught at Phonetic courses, in language courses at the Herzen Institute, at the Phonetic School, in 1929-1930 - taught graduate students of the Academy of Sciences. June 27, 1930 - arrested and sentenced to 3 years of exile. She spent a year in the House of Preliminary Detention. In the autumn of 1930, she turned to Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova for help, and a year later she asked for help in reviewing the case and canceling the deportation of her aunt, Alexandra Petrovna Tokorevskaya.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 495. S. 76-77; D. 605. S. 173-176.
Family of PETROV L.P., A.V., V.V. and O.V.
PETROVA (nee Pechurova) Lyudmila Petrovna.
Born in the 1870s. Received a secondary education. She married a nobleman Vladimir Petrov, in the family - sons Andrei and Vladimir, daughter Olga. March 1, 1935 - exiled with children to Vologda for 5 years.
PETROV Andrey Vladimirovich
Born in 1909 (father, Petrov Vladimir, nobleman and landlord; mother Petrova Lyudmila Petrovna). Brother of Vladimir and Olga Petrova. He lived in Leningrad, graduated from a labor school and a technical school in Leningrad. He worked as a technician at the Izhora plant. March 1, 1935 - exiled with his mother, sister and brother to Vologda for 5 years. In the spring of 1936, the deportation was canceled and he returned to Leningrad. In September 1937 he was arrested, on October 1 he was sentenced to VMN and on October 8 he was shot.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1308. S. 103-109; D. 1515. S. 129, 132, 134-35.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PETROV Vladimir Vladimirovich
Born in 1894 in St. Petersburg (father, Petrov Vladimir, nobleman and landlord; mother Petrova Lyudmila Petrovna). Brother of Andrei and Olga Petrova. He lived in Leningrad, graduated from a gymnasium and a technical school, worked as a technician at the Izhora plant. March 1, 1935 - exiled with his mother, sister and brother to Vologda for 5 years. In the spring of 1936, the deportation was canceled and he returned to Leningrad. Later he was transferred to Gorky, worked as a process engineer at the plant. December 15, 1937 - arrested. April 15, 1938 - sentenced to VMN and shot.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1308. S. 103-109.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PETROVA Olga Vladimirovna
Born in 1902 in St. Petersburg (father, Petrov Vladimir, nobleman and landlord; mother Petrova Lyudmila Petrovna). Sister of Andrei and Vladimir Andreev. She graduated from school, worked as a statistician in the Lenoblplan. In 1924 she converted to Catholicism and became a parishioner of the Church of Our Lady of France. Maintained constant contact with the priest Maurice Amudru, preparing to enter the Third Order of St. Dominic. From 1929 - worked at the factory "Lux". Married to N. A. Zaborovsky. May 8, 1931 - arrested in a group case of the Catholic clergy and laity (case "Voino and others"). Released from prison "due to lack of corpus delicti". March 1, 1935 - exiled with her mother and brothers to Vologda for 5 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1308. S. 103-109; D. 1515. S. 129, 132, 134-35.
Book of Memory. Martyrology of the Catholic Church in the USSR. M .: Silver Threads, 2000. S. 608.
Born in 1885 (her father was a general of the imperial army, worked in Kronstadt, died in 1927). She married an artilleryman (in 1921 she left for Finland). She lived in Kronstadt, worked as an accountant in the Public Nutrition Trust. In March 1935 - exiled with her son, aged 21, from Leningrad to Chelkar, Aktobe region for 5 years. In June 1936 - was in the same place.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1447. S. 357; D. 1515. S. 305-308.
PETROVICH Alexander Dmitrievich
Born in 1888 in Odessa. Received higher education. Lived in Odessa, from 1917 - taught at the gymnasium, later taught at the Pedagogical Institute, associate professor, researcher. December 26, 1937 - arrested in a group case, sentenced to VMN on December 27 and shot on the same day.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1659. S. 90-92, 84.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PETROVO-SOLOVOVO Alexander Vasilievich.
Born in 1893 in Moscow. Graduated as an agronomist. After the revolution, he lived in the village of Zaitsevo, Moscow Region, worked as an agronomist on a collective farm. October 19, 1929 - arrested, sentenced to 3 years in labor camp and sent to Karlag, worked as an agronomist at the Gigant state farm in Kulyab.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 446. S. 42, 46; D. 631. S. 1-4, 9-10.
Dolgorukov P.D. Great devastation. M.: CJSC Tsentrpoligraf. pp. 264-265.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PETROVO-SOLOVOVO Anastasia Vasilievna.
Born in the 1890s in Moscow. Sister . In the spring of 1930 - arrested, later released with a restriction of residence for 3 years (-6). Settled in Voronezh, worked in an office. In July 1931, she applied to Pompolit for permission to visit her brother, but did not receive permission.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 631. S. 1-4, 9-10.
Born in 1881 in Moscow (father, nobleman, professor). In 1903 - graduated from Moscow University, then listened to lectures at the Theological Academy. Since 1907 - worked in the Rumyantsev Library in Moscow (Library named after Lenin). May 20, 1931 - arrested in the group case of "anthroposophists" and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. He pleaded not guilty. September 8, 1931 - sentenced to 3 years in a labor camp and sent to a camp.
GARF. F. 10035. Op. 1. D. 27006. T. 2. S. 349, 393, 459.
PETROVSKY Mikhail Alexandrovich.
Born in 1887 in Moscow (father, Petrovsky Alexander Grigorievich, chief sanitary doctor of Moscow; mother Sukhotina Darya Nikolaevna). Graduated history department Moscow University. Literary critic, researcher, translator, teacher. Professor. March 14, 1935 - Arrested on charges. "in the organization of broad propaganda of fascism by fascistization of German-Russian dictionaries." Sentenced to 5 years of exile and sent to Tomsk. He worked as a scientific librarian in the scientific library of Tomsk State University. October 21, 1937 - arrested as "a member of the officer cadet-monarchist organization "Union for the Salvation of Russia"", on October 31 he was sentenced to VMN and on November 10 he was shot.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 739. S. 88-91.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Notes of Prince Kirill Nikolaevich Golitsyn. M.: OAO Raduga, 2008. S. 60, 88, 577.
PETROVSKY Fedor Alexandrovich.
Born in 1890 in Moscow (father, Petrovsky Alexander Grigorievich, chief sanitary doctor of Moscow; mother Sukhotina Darya Nikolaevna). Graduated from Moscow University. Researcher, taught at the university. In 1918, he signed an appeal to the Cheka on behalf of the Board of the Society of Junior University Teachers in defense of the arrested philosopher I. A. Ilyin. In 1925 he was arrested and later released. Associate Professor at the Department of Greek at Moscow University. In 1929 - again arrested, sentenced to 5 years of exile in the Northern Territory and sent to Arkhangelsk. At the request of Pompolit, he was soon released ahead of schedule, returned to Moscow, and continued his scientific and teaching work. In 1978 - died.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 719. S. 90.
Golitsyn S. M. Notes of a Survivor. M.: Vagrius, 2006. S. 280.
Notes of Prince Kirill Nikolaevich Golitsyn. Moscow: OAO Raduga, 2008, pp. 60, 88, 104, 491, 577-578.
PETROVSKY-BASOV Alexey Nikolaevich.
Born in 1889. Received military education, career officer of the Russian imperial army, in 1914 - at the front. In the 1920s - lived in Kyiv, worked as an accountant in the Office waterways. October 14, 1930 - arrested in Kyiv "for concealing officer rank and living under the false name of Basov. Sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp and sent to Siblag, he worked there as an accountant in the construction department of the Plenipotentiary Representative of the OGPU.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 847. S. 140-44.
Family of PETROPAVLOVSKY M.F., D.A. I am. PETROPAVLOVSKY Mikhail Fedorovich.
Born in 1893. In the 1930s, he lived in Leningrad, was engaged in scientific work at the All-Union Institute of Plant Growing. Married to Daria Alekseevna Sixtel, in the family - son Andrei. In March 1935, he was exiled with his wife and two-year-old son to Irgiz, Aktobe region, for 3 years.
Ivanov V. A. S. 57.
PETROPAVLOVSKY Andrey Mikhailovich.
Born in 1933 (father Petropavlovsky Mikhail Fedorovich; mother Sixtel Daria Alekseevna). In March 1935, he was expelled from his parents to Irgiz, Aktobe region, for 3 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1371. S. 6.
Petrulevitch Alexandra Andreevna.
Born in 1869 (father is a Pole, from the noble landowners; mother, a distant relative of Ogareva N.). In February 1918, her parents voluntarily handed over all the property to the peasants, leaving household items for themselves. She settled with her older sister in the village of Belomorye, was engaged in agriculture. In 1926 they were deprived of the right to vote as former landowners. In 1930 they were dispossessed, but were not expelled, ate frozen potatoes, ate once a day (my sister was swollen from hunger, she was refused and her legs began to dry). In 1934 they were in the village of Nizhny Belomut, Lukhovitsky District, Moscow Region. She turned to Pompolit with a plea for help: “Maybe someone will send junk, dresses, shoes or bread. Maybe crusts, dry bread, bits remain in your institution, we will be grateful for everything. In December 1934, all the things sent by Pompolit were stolen from them.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1178. S. 113-15.
PETRULEVICH Vladimir Ivanovich
Born in 1882 in Orel. He received a military education, served in the Russian imperial army, later - in the rank of staff captain. In 1920 - was in Yalta; in the autumn of 1920 - after the occupation of the Crimea by the Red Army, he was arrested, on December 10 he was sentenced to capital punishment and on the same day he was shot in Bagreevka.
Born in 1856 in the village of Apostolovo, Kherson Province. He received a military education, served in the Russian imperial army, later - in the rank of major general; In 1914 - at the front, the head of the 3rd militia brigade (awarded with many orders); then retired. In 1920 - was in Yalta; in the autumn of 1920 - after the occupation of the Crimea by the Red Army, he was arrested, sentenced to capital punishment, and on December 21 he was shot in Bagreevka.
Leonid Abramenko. “The last abode. Crimea, 1920-1921"... fedy-diary.ru›?page_id=5413…
Shot in Yalta 1920-21… dead.rf›index.php?option…view=article…v…1920…
Born in 1892. Received a military education. In 1914 - at the front, the captain of the guards of the Russian imperial army, in 1918 - in the Red Army, later commander of the 13th Army, operating on the North-Western Front, in 1920-1921 - commander of the Moscow district. After the end of the civil war, he served as an inspector of artillery in the reserve of the High Command. In the spring of 1925, he was demoted (fined on economic matters), arrested, sentenced to 3 years in a concentration camp, and in June sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In the camp he was engaged in breeding silver foxes, putting the development of fur farming on Solovki on scientific basis, was also the editor of the camp newspaper, scientific secretary of the Solovetsky Society of Local Lore; in 1926-1927 - head of the camp museum. In December 1927 - released from the camp, organized the Saltykov fur farm; from 1929 - headed the department of fur farming at the Moscow Zootechnical Institute (in 1930 - the department was transferred to the Institute of Fur Fur Breeding), professor.
Memoirs of Solovetsky prisoners. - Solovki, 2013. S. 257-258, 260, 754.
Professor Pavel Aleksandrovich Petryaev. mybio.ru›zapiski/text/chapter21/page5.html…
Solovetsky Martyrology…solovki.ca›passional/passional_15.php…
Petryaevsky Konstantin Konstantinovich.
Born in 1869 in Bobruisk. Received a military education. Staff officer of the imperial army. Since 1923 - taught at the artillery courses of command personnel in Saratov, since 1928 - at the regional school of police command personnel, since 1930 - proofreader in a printing house. Esperanto translator, author of the pamphlet Handbook of Military Topography (1928). Married, in the family - son Konstantin. March 15, 1931 - arrested as a former officer, April 20 sentenced to 3 years of exile in the Northern Territory and in March sent to the village of Privodino, Kotlas region. In January 1933 - his son requested Pompolit's petition for the release of his father.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 891. S. 17-20.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
A regular officer of the Sumy Hussar Regiment, from 1914 he was a squadron commander at the front. In October 1917 - left the regiment in Rezhitsa. Member of a secret organization of officers. In the early 1920s, he was arrested as a counter-revolutionary and shot.
Littauer V. Russian hussars. Memoirs of an officer of the imperial cavalry. 1911-1920. M.: ZAO Tsentrpoligraf, 2006. S. 101, 220-22, 225, 242.
PESHKOV Alexander Nikolaevich.
Born in 1862 in St. Petersburg. He graduated from the gymnasium and the law faculty of St. Petersburg University, before the revolution he served as secretary-rapporteur for private, civil and commercial affairs in the Senate, by 1916 - with the rank of real state councilor. Since May 1917 - a senator in the 4th Judicial Department, after 1918 - worked as a secretary in the Union of Textile Enterprises and Petrokhlopka. In 1919 - was arrested as a hostage, later released. He worked as a legal adviser and liquidator of a mutual credit society, later - an accountant in the Promstroysoyuz, in Promstrakhkass, in the 1930s - an accountant in the Mechnikov hospital. March 9, 1935 - exiled with his daughter to Ufa for 5 years. January 12, 1938 - arrested there, sentenced to 5 years in a labor camp and sent to a camp.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op.1. D. 233. S. 78-79; F. R-8409. Op.1: D. 1310. S. 177-79; D. 1447. S. 401; D. 1499. S. 44-57.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PESHKOVA Maria Alexandrovna.
Born in 1904 in France (father, Alexander Nikolaevich Peshkov, active state councilor, senator; French mother). In September 1916 - she returned to Russia with her father, graduated from a labor school, from 1920 - worked as an assistant teacher in an orphanage, in 1932 - graduated from the Herzen Pedagogical Institute in Leningrad, taught chemistry at a secondary school in the Vyborg district, in January 1934 - sent to graduate school . From January 1935 - worked as the head of the educational part of the school. March 9, 1935 - exiled with her father to Ufa for 5 years, in April 1936 - her expulsion was canceled, but remained in Ufa with her father.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1: D. 1310. S. 177-179; D. 1447. S. 401; D. 1499. S. 44-57.
Born in 1887 (father, Fedor Peshkov, general of the imperial army). In 1905 - graduated from the Naval Corps, served as a midshipman in the fleet, in the spring of 1916 - the commander of the first watch on the battle cruiser "Varyag". Married to Ekaterina Alexandrovna Peshkova, in the family - daughter Natalia. After the revolution, the cruiser was detained by the British and disarmed, the team was asked to either stay in Europe or return to Russia. At the end of 1918 - the closest assistant to Admiral Kolchak, sent by him as a "sea agent" to America. In early 1920, he returned to Siberia, where he was arrested and imprisoned in the Krasnoyarsk prison (at that time he was seriously ill). Soon he was released as hopelessly ill, crawling out of prison. Settled with his wife in Central Asia. From the beginning of 1921, he organized an expedition to Balkhash, got three longboats in Petrograd (they were delivered by rail to Semipalatinsk). After the completion of the expedition, he left for Moscow and until 1924 worked in the office of the Russian-Canadian Shipping Agency. In the spring of 1926, he was arrested, sentenced to 3 years in a concentration camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. There he organized the restoration of an abandoned schooner and in the winter of 1926-1927 he sailed in coastal waters and to Arkhangelsk. In the spring of 1927 he was returned to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison, in March 1928 he was there, and was soon released (in August 1927, the Pravda newspaper reported on his execution). Settled in the Moscow region, since 1935 - a widower (wife died). In 1936 he lived in Moscow, where he died in 1938.
Notes of Prince Kirill Nikolaevich Golitsyn. M.: OAO Raduga, 2008. S. 276, 296, 307, 327-43, 578.
PIGULEVSKAYA (nee Stebnitskaya) Nina Viktorovna.
Born in 1894 in St. Petersburg. She graduated from the women's gymnasium M.N. Stoyunina in St. Petersburg with a gold medal, In 1918 - the Historical and Philological Department of the Higher Women's Courses (Group of General History), in 1922 - graduate school of the Oriental Faculty of Petrograd University, historian, siriologist. Since 1921 - an employee of the Department of Manuscripts public library Leningrad. December 11, 1928 - arrested as "a member of the counter-revolutionary monarchist organization" Resurrection "". July 22, 1929 - sentenced to 5 years in a concentration camp and in August sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In the summer of 1931, she was activated due to illness and on July 24 she was sent to Arkhangelsk for the remainder of her term. In 1934 she returned to Leningrad. From 1938 - worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Academy of Sciences; from 1939 to 1941 and from 1944 to 1951 she simultaneously taught at the Leningrad State University, from 1946 she was a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences, from 1952 she was vice-president of the Russian Palestine Society and editor of the Palestine Collection, from 1960 she was a member of the French Asiatic Society . February 17, 1970 - died in Leningrad.
Great Soviet Encyclopedia. dictionary.yandex.ru…
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Nina_Viktorovna_Pigulevskaya…
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 385. S. 163, 182-90; D. 390. S. 6-9; D. 525. S. 32-40; D. 897. S. 153-54.
I. Fliege, A. Daniel. "The Case of A. A. Meyer". St. Petersburg: Zvezda, 2006. S. 157-66.
PIKTOROV Alexander Alexandrovich.
Born in 1887. He graduated from the cadet corps in Moscow and the Volsk military school. A career officer of the imperial army, from 1914 - at the front, due to illness, he was dismissed, went to Pyatigorsk for treatment. In 1919 - arrested by the Whites "for work in Soviet institutions", but soon released. In the 1920s, he lived in Moscow, worked in the City Council, later served at the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy and studied at the courses of the Higher Agricultural Cooperation. On the night of June 16-17, 1922, he was arrested in his apartment and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 233. S. 80.
PILKIN Sergey Konstantinovich.
Born in 1872 in St. Petersburg (father Konstantin Pavlovich Pilkin, admiral). Graduated from the Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. From 1895 - to military service. From 1906 to 1916 - in the Ministry of Finance: clerk, head of the office of the head of the department of customs fees (he had the court rank of chamber junker). From 1916 - served in the book warehouse of the Imperial Academy of Sciences with the rank of collegiate adviser, by 1917 - with the rank of state councilor. Since 1921 - worked as head of the foreign department of the library of the Academy of Sciences in Leningrad. December 9, 1929 - arrested in a group academic case, May 10, 1931 - sentenced to VMN with replacement for 10 years in labor camp and confiscation of property. Sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp (Kem), later transferred to Belbaltlag. In the 1940s he was in exile in Vladimir, in 1944 he died there.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1. D. 1710. S. 168-174.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Pilkin V.K. In the White Struggle in the North-West: Diary 1918-1920. M.: Russian way, 2005. S. 45, 56-57, 98, 125, 137, 184, 264, 334, 395.
Born in the 1890s. Lieutenant of the Life Guards of the Konstantinovsky Regiment, from 1914 - at the front as commander of an artillery regiment, from 1918 - in the Red Army, in the late 1920s - commander of the 133rd artillery regiment. January 25, 1931 - Arrested in Leningrad in the case of a "counter-revolutionary military organization" and sentenced to 3 years of suspended labor camp, as Pompolit's head of the legal department told his wife.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 617. S. 31-32; D. 752. S. 106; D. 804. S. 85-87; D. 829. S. 143-145.
Tinchenko Ya. Yu. Calvary of Russian officers in the USSR. fedy-diary.ru › ?page_id=6028…
PILSKY Petr Mosevich (Moseevich).
Born in 1879 (1876?) in Orel (father, Pilsky Mosey Nikolaevich, officer of the Russian imperial army; mother Pilskaya Neonilla Mikhailovna, nee Countess Devier). He graduated from the cadet corps and the Alexander Military School in Moscow. In the late 1890s, he served as an officer in the 120th Serpukhov Infantry Regiment in Minsk; published articles and notes in the newspaper "Minsk Listok". In 1898 - after demobilization he left for St. Petersburg, published in the newspaper "Birzhevye Vedomosti", from 1901 - went to Moscow, published in the newspaper "Courier". In 1902 - returned to St. Petersburg, published in local newspapers and the magazine "The World of God"; became influential literary critic has published three books. He is married to actress Elena Kuznetsova. In 1914 - with the outbreak of the First World War, he was drafted into the army, commanded an artillery company, was taken prisoner near Prasnysh in Poland; later commanded an artillery battalion, was seriously wounded in right hand, after the hospital demobilized and returned to Petrograd; edited the newspaper "Free Russia", from the beginning of 1918 - after its closure, the editor of the satirical magazine "Eshafot". In the spring of 1918 - arrested after the publication of the satirical article "The Straitjacket" in the newspaper "Petrograd Echo" and imprisoned; six months later he was released from custody "on bail", after which he fled to his homeland in Orel, then to Kyiv, then hid for three years - Kherson-Odessa-Chisinau; wrote articles for various newspapers, organized literary readings and discussions. After receiving a passport in Chisinau, he went to Poland, in October 1921 - to Latvia, worked in the newspaper "Today". In 1922 - went to Tallinn, worked in the newspaper "Latest News" and wrote for many publications, as well as for the newspaper "Today". Since 1927 - after receiving an Estonian passport, he left for Riga, headed the literary department in the newspaper "Today" (closed by the Bolsheviks in 1940). After June 17, 1940, a thorough search was carried out in his house by the Chekists and the entire archive was seized; During the search, he suffered a stroke, after which he was partially paralyzed. In December 1941, he died in Nazi-occupied Riga.
Nekhoroshev G. "A straitjacket for Pilsky". - M .: "Top secret." 2015. No. 47-48. S. 41.
Born in 1888 in Rybinsk, Yaroslavl Province. Officer of the Russian Imperial Army, first volunteer, then ensign, in 1914 - at the front, in 1918 - in the Red Army. In the 1920s, after demobilization, he lived in Leningrad, worked as an accountant in "Metissbyt". March 20, 1935 - exiled with his father, wife and niece to Kuibyshev for 5 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 540. S. 137; D. 1383. S. 22-25; D. 1511. S. 30-32; D. 1689. S. 179, 181.
Born in 1891. Received a military education, from 1914 - at the front as an assistant chief of staff, from April 1918 - in the Red Army. July 28, 1919 - arrested with staff officers at the Bologoye station, taken to Petrograd and imprisoned. Later he was sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison. Released at the request of the legal department of the Moscow Political Red Cross. He returned to Leningrad, and in the late 1920s he served as chief of staff of the 8th Rifle Corps. In 1930 - summoned to Moscow, arrested and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. He was brought to the investigation in a group case as a "participant in a counter-revolutionary military organization" (the Vesna case). Sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to a camp.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 233. S. 82.
PINI Alexey Alexandrovich.
Born in 1880 in St. Petersburg. Received a military education, voenmor. In 1904-1905 - a member of the Russo-Japanese War, midshipman, by 1917 - captain of the II rank. In the middle of 1930 he was arrested, in 1931 he was sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp and left to work in a special design bureau in Leningrad. In 1936 he was sent to Belbaltlag, worked in a technical bureau under the NKVD Directorate and as head of the production and technical department of Dorstroy. In 1937 he was arrested, on November 20 he was sentenced to VMN and on December 9 he was shot in the Sandarmokh gorge near Medvezhyegorsk.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
PINI Oleg Alekseevich.
Born in 1912 in Tais, Iceland Province. (father Pini Alexey Alexandrovich). Got a higher medical education. Lived in Leningrad, worked as a radiologist in the hospital. Erisman. In March 1935, Turgay was exiled from the Aktobe region for 5 years (as the son of a repressed man), in July he was transferred to the Novo-Alekseevka village of the Khobdinsky district of the same region.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1447. S. 434.; D 1559. S. 88.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
The PINI family N., E. N., V. N., G. N. and S.N.
PINI Nikolai Alexandrovich.
Born in 1882. Russian Navy sailor Imperial Navy. In 1901 - midshipman, in 1904-1905 - a participant in the Russian-Japanese war. From 1906 - served in the Baltic Fleet in Helsingfors, by December 1915 - captain of the II rank. In 1917 - the first captain of the ship elected by the team, captain of the 1st rank. He is married to Elizaveta Nikolaevna Pini, in the family there are sons Vladimir, Georgy and Sergey. From the summer of 1919 - he lived with his family in Petrograd, in September 1919 - after the murder of Uritsky, he was arrested, but was not shot thanks to the intervention of his sailors, who released him. He served in Moscow, in 1920 he commanded the Black Sea fortifications in the Crimea in the area of Nikolaev-Odessa. In 1921 he was again arrested, but thanks to the intervention of the Gubispolkom he was released and returned to Leningrad. In the summer of 1924 - arrested on charges of espionage, released in October. In 1925-1926 - unemployed, the family was very poor. In July 1927 - after his son was detained at the border, he was arrested on charges of espionage and was imprisoned for ten months (he fell ill with lobar pneumonia there, doctors considered his condition hopeless due to a sick heart). April 15, 1928 - in last time met his wife on a date. Sentenced to VMN and shot on April 21.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 487. S. 311-13.
Port Arthur… keu-ocr.narod.ru › Lebedev/chap07.html…
List of officer ranks of the Russian Imperial Navy. petergen.com›Publications list…
PINI (nee Gerord) Elizaveta Nikolaevna
Born in the 1880s (father Gerord Nikolai Nikolaevich, Governor-General of Finland, retired in 1917; mother Gerord Z. A.). She married military commander Nikolai Pini, in the family there are sons Vladimir, Georgy and Sergey. Before the revolution, she lived with her husband and children in Helsingfors, from the summer of 1919 she lived with her children in Petrograd, worked in an institution. In the spring of 1929 - after the execution of her husband and the arrest of her children, she was evicted and discharged from the room (a colleague prescribed her to her). In March 1935, she was expelled from Leningrad with her youngest son Sergei, but in August, thanks to the petition of Pompolit, she received a two-week delay.
PINI Vladimir Nikolaevich.
Born in 1910 in Helsingfors (father, Pini Nikolai Alexandrovich, captain of the 1st rank; mother, Pini Elizaveta Nikolaevna). Brother of George and Sergei Pini. From 1919 he lived with his family in Petrograd, then in Moscow, from 1920 - in the Crimea, from 1921 - in Petrograd, where in 1926 he graduated from a nine-year school and worked at a factory. In 1926 - he ran away from home, tried to cross the border, first in the Caucasus, in July 1927 - the border of Finland, where he was arrested and imprisoned. In September 1927 - released, returned to Leningrad. In July 1928 - arrested again, released four days later, worked in the GPC facility. February 2, 1929 - again arrested and imprisoned.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 487. S. 311-313; 822. S. 192-193.
PINI Georgy Nikolaevich.
Born in the 1910s in Helsingfors (father, Pini Nikolai Aleksandrovich, captain of the 1st rank; mother, Pini Elizaveta Nikolaevna). Brother of Vladimir and Sergei Pini. From 1919 - lived with his family in Petrograd, then in Moscow, from 1920 - in the Crimea, from 1921 - in Petrograd, in 1926 - graduated from a nine-year school, worked at a factory. In the fall, he passed the exams at the Leningrad State University, but he was not enrolled because of his social origin. He continued his studies at the university, took tests. March 16, 1929 - arrested along with his younger brother Sergei and imprisoned.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 487. S. 311-313.
PINI Sergey Nikolaevich.
Born ca. 1914 in Helsingfors (father, Pini Nikolai Alexandrovich, captain of the 1st rank; mother Pini Elizaveta Nikolaevna). Brother of Vladimir and George Pini. Lived in Leningrad, went to school. March 16, 1929 - arrested with his brothers, but soon released as a minor. In August 1935, he was expelled from Leningrad with his mother, but in August, thanks to the petition of Pompolit, he received a two-week delay in departure.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 487. S. 311-313; D. 1417. S. 46.
Born in 1883 in the village of Urunda, Ufa Province. (father, a Polish nobleman, exiled to the Urals for participating in the uprising of the 1860s). In 1902 - graduated from the gymnasium in Ufa, entered Kazan University. Since 1903 - a member of the RSDLP, a Bolshevik, in 1905-1907 - a participant in the revolution in Samara, Yekaterinburg and Nizhny Tagil. In 1907 - arrested, soon released, was under police supervision. He entered the university again and graduated in 1909. He taught at the cadet corps and teacher's seminary in Volsk, then in Petrograd. After the February Revolution, he actively participated in social and political life: an employee of Novaya Zhizn; organizer of a group of teachers in Petrograd and the group "Free Labor"; organizer of the branch of the All-Russian Union of Glaziers in Petrograd; member of the Board and Council of the All-Russian Union; member of the Petrograd City Duma, then City Council. In August 1917 - a delegate to the Unity Congress of the RSDLP, a constant opponent of the Bolsheviks at rallies and meetings. He did not accept the October Revolution, but, despite disagreements with the Bolsheviks, he collaborated with Soviet power: became a member of the cultural and educational commission, actively involved in the work to transform the school. In November 1917 - a delegate to the Extraordinary Congress of the RSDLP, was elected a member of the Central Committee. In May 1918 - headed the Council of Experts on Public Education under the Commissariat of Education of the Union of Communes Northern region. Since 1923 - a member of the RCP (b). One of the organizers and the first rector of the State Pedagogical Institute. A.I. Herzen in Petrograd and Ural State University. Rector of the 2nd Moscow State University, was at leadership work in the Narkompros system. Author of over 300 works, many of them translated into foreign languages. In the mid-1930s - head of the department at the Moscow Pedagogical Institute, professor. October 14, 1937 - arrested, December 25 sentenced to VMN and shot at the Donskoy cemetery.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
News of the Ural State University. proceedings.usu.ru…
Russian politicians. pp. 250-51.
Born in 1883 in Warsaw (father Ivan Piontkovsky, architect). He graduated from a real school and two courses at the Polytechnic College, then entered a military school at public expense. He graduated from the cadet infantry school in Tiflis, from 1903 he served in the administrative unit in the Warsaw Fortress, then in Nizhny Novgorod taught at the school of ensigns (regimental treasurer). From 1914 - an officer at the front, from 1917 - head of the ensign school, at the beginning of 1918 - demobilized, went to Ufa, where there was a family, served in the food administration. Evacuated with his family to Novosibirsk, taught at a Polish military school, then went to Krasnoyarsk, worked in the food administration. In 1919 - drafted into the Red Army, later demobilized due to age. Until 1927 - taught at the Pedagogical College in Minusinsk, then taught physics at the Krupskaya school in Irkutsk. December 4, 1929 - arrested "for anti-Soviet agitation", February 9 sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and sent to Siblag.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 537. S. 298-302.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in the 1880s. In 1910 - graduated from the law faculty of Moscow University, served as a barrister. In the 1920s, he lived in Novosibirsk, worked as a member of the College of Defenders. April 8, 1930 - arrested, released on May 1, case dismissed due to lack of evidence of guilt. January 28, 1933 - arrested, sentenced to 2 years of exile and sent to Kargasok, Narym Territory. He worked there as a secretary and legal adviser at Rybtrest. In 1935, he was released from exile, left for Barnaul, worked there as a legal adviser to the Sibtorg office. July 20, 1937 - arrested in a group case, sentenced to VMN on August 22 and shot on September 2.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D.1303. pp. 101-101a.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1898 (father Zelinsky Faddey-Tadeusz Frantsevich, famous philologist, in 1922 - abroad; mother Piotrovskaya). Theater expert, film critic, playwright; since 1925 - head literary part TRAM; since 1928 - artistic director of the film factory "Sovkino" in Leningrad. Literary critic, author theoretical works about the specifics of cinema, poetic translations, works on the history of the ancient theater; in 1935 - received the title of Honored Artist of Russia. July 10, 1937 - arrested, November 15 sentenced to VMN and November 21 shot.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Zubov V.P. The suffering years of Russia. M.: Indrik, 2004. S. 103, 306.
Shaporina L. V. Diary. M.: NLO, 2012. T. 1.189; T. 1. S. 71, 182, 192, 207, 517, 543; T. 2. S. 421, 433, 442, 581.
PIRADOV Konstantin Andreevich.
Born in 1855 (father Andrey Osipovich Piradov, Colonel of the Russian Imperial Army). He graduated from the Moscow Military Gymnasium, the 3rd Alexander Military School and the officer's artillery school. From 1872 - entered the service, from 1874 - ensign. In 1877-1878 - a participant in the Russian-Turkish war as a lieutenant, battery commander of the Caucasian grenadier artillery brigade with the rank of staff captain, from 1886 - captain, from 1895 - lieutenant colonel. Since October 1904 - commander of the 3rd division of the 34th artillery brigade with the rank of colonel. From August 1910 - commander of the 7th mortar artillery division, from May 1911 - commander of the 44th artillery brigade, major general, from January 1913 - retired lieutenant general. October 13, 1918 - after registration, he was arrested and taken to the Narzan 1st Hotel, where the Red Army soldiers mocked those arrested. On October 4, he was sent with hostages to the Kislovodsk freight station for departure to the city of Pyatigorsk. There he was placed with everyone in the rooms of the Novoevropeyskaya hotel on Nizhegorodskaya street. October 21 (26), 1918 - "in response to the diabolical murder of the best comrades, members of the Central Executive Committee and others" was shot.
Red Terror during the Civil War... Ed. d.h.s. Yu. G. Felshtinsky and G.I. Chernyavsky. ricolor.org › history/kt/ktr/d1a…
Piradov Konstantin Andreevich. wen.wen.ru › Polkovodcy/str/a91.html…
Born in 1882. Scientist, breeder, geneticist. Director of the Central Genetic and Breeding Experimental Station. Since 1925 - Deputy Director for Scientific Work of the All-Union Institute of Applied Botany and New Cultures, professor. In 1933, he was arrested in Leningrad as a “participant of the TKP”, on August 10 he was sentenced to 3 years in labor camp and sent to Ukhtpechlag, in February 1934 he was transferred to Siblag. In 1934 - released from the camp ahead of schedule, worked at the VIR, then at the Research Institute Agriculture. At one time he supported the work of Lysenko. In 1972 - died.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Pisarev,_Viktor_Evgrafovich…
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1276. S. 1, 6.
Born in 1885 in the village of Bedrishche, Tutaevsky district, Kaluga province. (father, Pisarev Nikolai Vasilyevich, nobleman; mother, Pisareva Elena Fedorovna, noblewoman, landowner and owner of the private book publishing house "Lotos" in Kaluga, founder of the Kaluga Theosophical Society in 1910). He graduated from the Kaluga Real School, in 1914 - the Petrograd Institute of Railway Engineers. Drafted into the army, in 1917 - demobilized. Since 1918 - worked as an engineer-architect in various institutions of Kaluga. Married to M. R. Pisareva (there are two children in the family). In 1922 - tried for negligence. November 13, 1929 - arrested as a "member of the Kaluga Theosophical Society". Charged with “possession of illegal literature in large quantities, connections with foreign countries and distribution of illegal literature” (in the attic of his house, during a search, they found a warehouse of theosophical literature that had been stored since pre-revolutionary times), as well as “in connection with abroad” (correspondence with his mother, who emigrated to Italy). February 23, 1930 - sentenced to 3 years in labor camp and sent to a camp. September 2, 1932 - early released from the camp, worked in Tambov and Lyudinovo Kaluga region. July 24, 1933 - again arrested, sentenced to 3 years of exile and sent to Arkhangelsk. August 3, 1934 - early released from exile, remained to work as an architect in Arkhangelsk, in September 1953 - retired.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 439. S. 102.
Born in 1878 in the Berezovsky district of the Voronezh province. (father is a collegiate registrar, there are 15 children in the family). He graduated from the cadet corps and the Pavlovsk military school. He served in the Oryol Infantry Regiment. In 1901 - he entered the Academy of the General Staff, in 1904 - a participant in the Russo-Japanese War, was shell-shocked and wounded. In May 1907 - graduated from the Academy of the General Staff, since September he served as an educator in the Nizhny Novgorod Cadet Corps. In 1908 he graduated from pedagogical courses in parallel, since December he served as an educator in the Voronezh Cadet Corps, then as a history teacher with the rank of captain, by 1917 - with the rank of lieutenant colonel. Before the revolution, he graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics and the Faculty of History and Philology of St. Petersburg University, then - the Archaeological Institute. Conducted archaeological excavations in the Voronezh province. Member of the Imperial Archaeological Society. He published articles in magazines, his book "Siberia" was published. Married to Pisareva Tatyana Mikhailovna. From August 18, 1918 - worked as head of the training unit in the 22nd military infantry command staff school. In June 1919 - arrested as a hostage, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Ivanovo concentration camp. In February 1920, he was released from the camp, returned to Voronezh, continued to work at an infantry school, and also lectured at Voronezh branch Moscow Archaeological Institute. In 1922 - dismissed from the infantry school on indefinite health leave, went to Moscow, taught mathematics, physics and geography in schools. In 1924 - returned to Voronezh, taught at the Polytechnic and Industrial Colleges. From 1929 - did not work as an invalid, from September 1930 - taught topography at the Rabfak, but on January 21, 1931 - he was dismissed due to illness. February 3, 1931 - arrested, sent to Moscow and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. July 8, 1931 - sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to Siblag (in Mariinsk) in October.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 658. S. 24-26; D. 681. S. 191-92; D. 766. S. 21-22; D. 896. S. 83-95.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
career officers old army in the service of the Red Army. forum.vgd.ru › 32/24982…
Born in 1874. Graduated from Moscow University. Before the revolution, he worked as a justice of the peace in the district court, in the 1920s he lived in Klin, Moscow Region, and worked at a school. October 20, 1920 - arrested, sent to Moscow and imprisoned by the Moscow Cheka.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 237. S. 71.
Born in 1885 in Verkhotury, Perm Province. He received a secondary spiritual education, a priest, served in the church of Shadrinsk. Archpriest, rector of the Nicholas Church. Married to Pisareva Anna Dmitrievna. In 1928 he was arrested, sentenced to 3 years in labor camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. He worked as a nurse in a prison hospital. February 28, 1931 - sentenced to 3 years of exile in the Northern Territory and sent to Gryazovets, Ust-Kulomsky district. In April 1932, he was arrested, sentenced to 3 years in a labor camp and sent to a camp, worked at a logging site, fell ill with tuberculosis there. In August 1933 - there was no second sentence, he was released, he lived in Alatyr. From 1944 - lived in Vyborg, from 1969 - in Leningrad. March 21, 1970 - died.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 757. S. 196-203; D. 1510. S. 51-52, 54.
Pisarev Pallady Sergeevich.
Born in 1919 in Petrograd (father, Sergei Evgenievich Pisarev, chemical engineer). He lived with his parents in Leningrad, went to school. At the end of 1934, he was arrested in a group case; on February 14, 1935, he was sentenced to 10 years in labor camp; in October he was sent to Dallag.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 1381. S. 99-118; D. 1510. S. 51-52, 54.
Pisarev Nikita Sergeevich.
Born in 1923 in Petrograd (father, Sergei Evgenievich Pisarev, chemical engineer). A fifth grade student of a secondary school in Leningrad. In March 1935 - exiled with his mother to Kazakhstan for 5 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1510. S. 51-52, 54.
Pisarev Sergey Nikolaevich.
Born in 1870 in Revel. He received a higher medical education, worked as an X-ray technician in medical institutions. Married to Amelia Konstantinovna Pisareva, nee. Zheltovskaya. In the 1920s, he worked as an X-ray technician at the State Central Traumatology Institute and the Institute of Prosthetics in Leningrad. In March 1935 - exiled with his wife to Atbasar, Aktobe region for 5 years.
The Piskunov family D.A. and N.D.
PISKUNOV Dmitry Antipovich.
Born in 1870. Married to Ekaterina Egorovna Piskunova, in the family - son Nikolai. Lived with his family in Ufa, homeowner. December 31, 1918 - arrested with his son and imprisoned. January 4, 1919 - released. January 6, 1919 - again arrested with his son, released on the morning of January 9.
PISKUNOV Nikolay Dmitrievich.
Born in 1900 (father Dmitry Antipovich Piskunov). Pupil of the 8th grade of the gymnasium in Ufa. December 31, 1918 - arrested on the street on a denunciation and taken to the rooms of the Volga Hotel. On January 4, he was released along with his father, despite the demands of informers. January 6, 1919 - again arrested with his father and shot on the night of January 9.
Balmasov S. S. Red Terror in the East of Russia in 1918-1922. M.: Posev, 2006. S. 238.
Large Family album. rusalbom.ru›Gallery›default/7513…
Born in the 1880s. Baron. In 1898 - graduated from the men's gymnasium in Moscow and Yaroslavl legal lyceum. In 1904 he was released from conscription due to heart disease. Lived in Moscow, worked in an institution. In the spring of 1924 - arrested in Moscow. On June 6 he was sentenced to 3 years of exile and sent to Tver. In March 1925 - was with his wife in the same place.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 87. S. 69; D. 104. S. 10; D. 128. S. 380-381.
PISTOLKORS Konstantin Fedorovich.
Born in 1894 in St. Petersburg. Baron. Received higher education. Officer of the Russian Imperial Army, participant in the First World War. In the 1920s, he lived at the Lyuban station, worked as an economist and financier of the Regional Consumer Union and the head of the transport part of the Leningrad Regional Forestry Cooperative. In March 1935 - exiled from Leningrad to Orenburg for 5 years, worked as an economist in the Regional Consumer Union. In the autumn of 1937 - he was arrested, on October 25 he was sentenced to VMN and on October 26 he was shot.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Martyrology of the Russian aristocracy. baronet65.livejournal.com › 27437.html…
Search and historical forum. smolbattle.ru › index.php?showtopic=2397…
Born in 1892 in the Kuban region. He received a military education, served in the Russian imperial army, later - in the rank of staff captain. In 1920 - was in Yalta; in the fall of 1920 - after the occupation of the Crimea by the Red Army, he was arrested in Yalta, on January 6, 1921 - sentenced to capital punishment and shot on the same day in Bagreevka.
White Russia – Orekhov Vladimir Dmitrievich…belrussia.ru›page-id-1015.html…
Red Terror - Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org›Red Terror…
She was born in 1887 in Kostroma (her father was a retired general in the imperial army). Graduated from high school. She lived in Moscow, served in the institution. She converted to Catholicism and entered the Third Order of St. Dominic (?). August 14, 1933 - arrested in Moscow in a group case of Russian Catholics. February 19, 1934 - sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to Bamlag. February 8, 1936 - the head of Bamlag reported to Moscow that they had intercepted a letter from prisoners, Plavskoy E.A. and others, which, through the released prisoner Asakiani, was supposed to be secretly sent to the Superior General of the Order of St. Dominic. The letter said: “We are strong in spirit, no camp, no organs of the NKVD can seduce the faithful daughters and sons of the one Catholic Church from the true path. We are trying to recruit here the same zealous supporters of the Catholic Church.” November 27, 1937 - released from the camp and deported to Kazakhstan for 3 years.
Nina Pavlovna Delarova. In the 1930s, he was the head of the construction department at Kultpromproekt in Leningrad. February 28, 1935 - arrested, March 4 sent with his mother and wife to Aktyubinsk for 5 years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 1323. S. 119-29.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1862 (father, Platonov Evgraf, general of the imperial army, died in 1885). Received a musical education, cellist, never served in the public service. August 27, 1927 - arrested and imprisoned in Butyrka prison. Sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. In 1931 - the camp was replaced by exile to the Northern Territory, in June 1931 - was in Mozhga, Votskaya region, in October 1932 - in the same place, could not get a job as a musician, worked in the Khimik artel. In May 1935 - he fussed about the restoration civil rights as having worked for over ten years.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 385. S. 262-63; D. 483. S. 26; D. 622. S. 277-79; D. 810. S. 203-08; D. 905. S. 4-5; D. 1386. S. 38-39.
Born in the 1880s. Officer of the Russian Imperial Army, in 1914 - at the front, in 1918 - in the White Army. In December 1920 - arrested in Sevastopol and imprisoned. Sentenced to imprisonment in a concentration camp until the end of the civil war, later, at the request of Pompolit, he was released. In the 1930s, he lived in Rostov and worked on the railroad. In the spring of 1938, he was arrested, sentenced to VMN, and on June 10 he was shot.
TsGAMO. F. 6336. Op. 1: D. 6. S. 23.
Stalinist lists. stalin.memo.ru › regions/rp55_6.htm…
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Born in 1892 in Kazan. Received higher education. Military engineer 2nd rank. In the 1930s, he lived in Nizhny Novgorod, worked as an assistant manager in the regional office of Soyuztrans. September 5, 1930 - arrested, November 5, 1931 - sentenced to 5 years in labor camp and sent to a camp near Kharkov. In September 1938, he was arrested, sentenced to VMN, and on September 29 he was shot.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1. D. 647. S. 218.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Family of PLATONOV S.F. and N.S.
PLATONOV Sergei Fyodorovich.
Born July 16, 1860 in Chernigov. In 1882 - graduated from the history department of St. Petersburg University. Historian, wrote many historical works, especially about the time of Ivan the Terrible, as well as the Time of Troubles, by 1917 he was a doctor of science with the rank of privy councilor, from 1918 he was the chairman of the Archaeological Commission, from 1920 he was an academician, from 1925 he was director of the Pushkin House. In the mid-1920s - refused to participate in the distortion of history. At the beginning of 1929 - deprived of the title of academician at an external meeting of the Council of the Academy of Sciences. On the night of January 12-13, 1930, he was arrested in a group case in Leningrad. At the request of the investigator, I wrote a review of the historical novel by A. Tolstoy "Peter the Great" from a historical point of view (manuscript of 80 pages). After his arrest, rumors began to spread around the city about his illness, nervous breakdown and death. February 1, 1930 - when the family applied to the Academy of Sciences, they answered that, according to official inquiries, the academician was alive and well, although at that time he was in the prison infirmary. August 8, 1931 - sentenced to 5 years of exile and sent to Samara. Pompolit's legal department petitioned to replace the camp with exile (the camp was replaced with exile and the term was reduced to 3 years). Sent with his daughters to Samara and January 10, 1933 - died there in exile.
T. A. Aksakova (Sivers). Family chronicle. Book. 1. M., Territory, 2005. S. 453.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
Vronskaya D., Chuguev V. Who is who in Russia and former USSR. M., Terra-Terra, 1994. S. 424.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 487. 110-112; D. 654. S. 62.
Ivanov-Razumnik. Writers' Destinies. Prisons and exile. Moscow, NLO, 2000 .
PLATONOV Nina Sergeevna
Born in 1886 in St. Petersburg (father, Sergey Fedorovich Platonov, professor, privy councilor). She graduated from the women's gymnasium L.S. Tagantseva in St. Petersburg, in 1909 - the historical and philological department of the Higher Women's Courses (a group of Russian philology, a subgroup of literature). She lived in St. Petersburg-Petrograd-Leningrad, taught at the Yurgens Women's Gymnasium, from 1918 - in secondary schools, in the 1920s - lived in Leningrad, a researcher at the Russian Museum. April 14, 1930 - arrested in a group case, February 14, 1931 - sentenced to 10 years in a labor camp and sent to a camp. In July 1936, the request for revision by the All-Russian Central Executive Committee was denied. In March 1937 - she asked for Pompolit's petition for release, removal of a criminal record and return to her family.
Alphabetical index of the inhabitants of Petrograd for 1917. Compact disc.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 654. S. 62; D. 1500. S. 156-57; D. 1619. S. 91.
Information provided by A. Vostrikov.
PLEVE Nikolay Vyacheslavovich.
Born in 1872 (father, Plehve Vyacheslav Konstantinovich, hereditary nobleman, before the revolution - Minister of the Interior, in 1904 - killed by the Socialist-Revolutionaries; mother, Plehve Zinaida Nikolaevna, nee Gritsevich). In 1891 - graduated from the private gymnasium of Karl May, in 1895 - the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. He served as a junior assistant clerk in the Zemsky department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, from 1899 - secretary of the resettlement department, from 1900 - clerk in the same place, from 1902 - clerk of the State Chancellery, from 1904 - assistant secretary of state State Council, since 1905 - and the manager of the department of rural economy and agricultural statistics of the Guziz; in 1905 - was the clerk of the Special Conference on measures to strengthen peasant land ownership; from June 2, 1906 - assistant manager, from 1907 - chamberlain, from April 1910 - manager of the Council of Ministers (until July 1914), from 1911 - real state councilor. From 1912 - a member of the Special Conference on the Affairs of the Grand Duchy of Finland, from 1913 - as chamberlain, on March 7, 1914 - deputy minister of the interior, in charge of the Zemsky department and the department for military service; from 1915 - Chairman of the Special Conference of the Ministry of Internal Affairs for Refugees. February 13, 1916 - appointed Senator of the 2nd Department of the Senate, with the production of Privy Councillors, from May 26 - Assistant Chief of the Petrograd Military District for the civilian part, retaining the rank of Senator; from January 1, 1917 - member of the State Council. During the February Revolution he was arrested, in late March - early April he was kept in the Ministerial Pavilion State Duma, was then released; interrogated by the Extraordinary Investigative Commission of the Provisional Government; May 1, 1917 - left behind the state, October 25, 1917 - retired. Until May 1919, he lived in Petrograd with his seriously ill mother (she died in 1921). In May-June 1919 - fearing a possible arrest, he hid with friends; later bought a fake passport in the name of Nikolai Pavlovich Popov and got a job as a clerk at the Elagin excursion station. Then he lived at the Siverskaya station, worked as a clerk at the local colony school. On the night of May 14, 1929 - arrested, during interrogation admitted his real name. November 4, 1929 - sentenced "for active struggle against the working class and revolutionary movement shown in a responsible position under the tsarist system "to 5 years of labor camp with a replacement for deportation to the Northern Territory for the same period. In 1935 - again arrested in Leningrad, sentenced to 10? years of labor camp and sent to the camp, where he died.
Alexandrov Kirill. How Petersburg was destroyed. S. 63.
Wikipedia…en.wikipedia.org›Plehve, Nikolai Vyacheslavovich…
Born in 1875. In 1893 - graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps, in 1895 - completed the course of a combat training team. In 1900 - a participant in the suppression of the Izhetuan uprising in China (awarded with an order), from 1902 to 1904 - was in the reserve of the fleet, from 1904 - commander of the destroyer "Ambulance", from November - the destroyer "Quick" (for courage he was awarded orders and a golden saber). From October 1907 - senior officer of the gunboat "Bobr", from January 1909 - commander of the destroyers "Vigilant", "Strong", "Don Cossack". From September 1914 - commander with the rank of captain of the 1st rank for distinction, from January 1915 - commander of the cruiser "Admiral Makarov", from August - head of the 5th division of destroyers of the Baltic Fleet, from October 1916 - commander of the battleship "Glory", in March 1917 - dismissed from office. He was in the reserve ranks of the Naval Ministry. From the end of 1917 - participated in sending volunteers to the Don. On the night of August 6, 1918, he was arrested and imprisoned in the Deryabinsk prison. In early December, he was sent to the Trubetskoy bastion of the Peter and Paul Fortress. On December 13, he was shot in the fortress (according to another version, he was drowned on a barge with a large number hostages on the Great Kronstadt roadstead).
Results of search and research works. spbmuseum.ru›Events›…_hare_island_in_2010_to…
Kosinskiy A.M. "The Moonsund operation of the Baltic Fleet in 1917". 1928.
Pilkin V.K. In the White Struggle in the North-West: Diary 1918-1920. M.: Russian way, 2005. S. 99, 410, 486, 496.
Born in the 1890s (father, minister of the tsarist government). In 1907 - graduated from the Alexander Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, chamber junker, official of the state bank, from 1914 - at the front as a lieutenant of the Cavalier Guard Regiment. Married to Marina Mikhailovna Pleska, nee. Polozova. After demobilization, he served in the institutions of Petrograd-Leningrad. In the spring of 1925, he was arrested as a "participant in a counter-revolutionary monarchist organization" (the case of "lyceum students") and imprisoned. In 1925 - sentenced to VMN and shot.
GARF. F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 167. S. 422; D. 186. S. 61-66.
Artist Irina Antonova. rp-net.ru › book/publications/volkov/Volkov…
PLETNER Valentin Ivanovich.
Born in 1864. He graduated from the medical faculty of Moscow University, trained in Switzerland. He worked in the clinic of the People's Commissariat of Railways in Moscow. M.D. Married, in the family - son Alex and daughter Vera. February 25, 1921 - arrested with his son on the Moscow-Pskov train as a "member of a counter-revolutionary organization." Sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Vladykino camp. After a ten-day protest hunger strike, he was transferred to the Novo-Peskovsky camp. September 9, 1921 - sentenced to 1 year in a concentration camp, September 24, 1922 - released.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 237. S. 129-49; F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 9. S. 204; D. 27. S. 160-61, 177; D. 747. S. 172.
PLETNER Alexey Valentinovich.
Born in 1903 (father, Valentin Ivanovich Pletner). He graduated from a labor school and entered Moscow University. February 25, 1921 - arrested with his father on the Moscow-Pskov train as a "member of a counter-revolutionary organization." Sent to Moscow and imprisoned in the Vladykino camp. In August, his case was transferred to the Commission on Juvenile Affairs, and later, at the request of the Moscow Political Red Cross, he was released.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 237. S. 124-28, 136-49; F. R-8409. Op. 1: D. 9. S. 204; D. 27. S. 160-61, 177.
Born in 1871 (nobleman). He graduated from the military school and the law faculty of Kharkov University. He served in the imperial army, from 1907 - retired, served as a land surveyor in the Kharkov district. From 1914 - at the front, from 1918 - in the White Army. In May 1920, he was arrested in Novorossiysk, sent to Yekaterinodar, released three months later and sent to work in Krasnodar. August 5, 1920 - arrested "for serving with the Whites", sentenced to imprisonment in a concentration camp until the end of the civil war and sent to the Arkhangelsk concentration camp. In June 1921 he was taken to Moscow and imprisoned in the Butyrka prison.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 234. S. 23-26.
Born in 1898 in the town of Khorosh, Grodno Province. (father, Pliss Vasily Alexandrovich, nobleman). Graduated from high school and Leningrad Technological Institute, but did not have time to defend his diploma, studied at the Department of Carbohydrate Technology. April 27, 1927 - arrested in Leningrad on suspicion of espionage, on August 29 he was sentenced to 3 years in labor camp and in September sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp In the spring of 1930, the camp was replaced by exile in the Northern Territory for the remaining period and sent to Ust-Sysolsk. April 27, 1930 - the term of exile was extended by 3 years, left in Ust-Sysolsk. In July 1933 - was in the same place; after his release with a restriction of residence for 3 years, he settled in Orel, worked as a technologist at a brewery. In 1937 he was arrested, sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and sent to a camp.
Born in 1893. Graduated from a gymnasium as an external student. From August 1914 - after completing accelerated courses at the front as an officer, from 1918 - in the counterintelligence headquarters of the White Army, from 1919 - in Tashkent, in January 1920 - mobilized into the Red Army. April 21, 1920 - arrested "for serving the Whites", November 29, taken to Moscow and imprisoned in Butyrka prison.
GARF. F. R-8419. Op. 1. D. 233. S. 2, 16, 18-21.
Born in 1898 in the settlement of Kantemirovka, Bogucharsky district, Voronezh province. He studied at the Voronezh gymnasium (he was expelled for participating in illegal circles). He studied at the gymnasium in Rostov-on-Don, then at the veterinary and zootechnical faculty of the Kiev polytechnic institute. Since 1921 - at the Kiev Music and Drama Institute named after Nikolai Lysenko. He worked as a teacher in the Poltava region. Poet, in 1924 - the first publications. Published in the journals "Globe", "New Society", "Red Way", "Life and Revolution". In the mid-1920s, he published his first poetry collections Days and Early Autumn (in 1927). In 1923 - participated in the literary association "Aspis", in 1924 - "Link". He translated into Ukrainian the works of Gogol, Chekhov, Sholokhov. December 4, 1934 - Arrested as a "participant in a nationalist terrorist organization." March 28, 1935 - sentenced to 10 years in labor camp and sent to the Solovetsky Special Purpose Camp. February 2, 1936 - died in the camp from pulmonary tuberculosis.
Wikipedia. en.wikipedia.org › wiki/Pluzhnik,_Evgeny_Pavlovich…
GARF. F. R-8409. Op.1. D. 1542. S. 45.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
Plushevsky-Plyushchik Grigory Alexandrovich.
Born in 1875 in the Warsaw province. He graduated from the Nikolaev Academy of the General Staff, served in the General Staff, by 1917 - with the rank of major general. From 1918 he served in the Red Army, in the 1920s he taught tactics at the Industrial Institute in Leningrad. November 3, 1937 - arrested, January 4, 1938 - sentenced to VMN and January 8, shot.
Victims of political terror in the USSR. Compact disc.
