Composition: Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk region. Republics: Kalmykia and Tatarstan.
The area is 536.4 thousand km 2.
Population - 16 million 787 thousand people.
The area is located in a wide strip along the great Russian river Volga at the junction of the European and Asian parts Russia.
The benefits of the economic and geographical position of the region are due to the fact that the Volga region borders on the highly developed Volga-Vyatka, Central Black Earth, Ural, North Caucasian economic regions, as well as Kazakhstan. A dense network of railways, roads and river routes ensures close economic ties between the Volga region and other regions. A significant volume of traffic falls on the Volga-Kama basin, which is the "transport frame" of the region. Favorable natural conditions for the development of agriculture and rich minerals (oil, gas) create the basis for the development of the economic complex.
natural conditions and resources
the Volga region has favorable conditions for the life of people, which has long attracted immigrants from other regions of Russia. The area is located within the ancient Russian platform and partly within the young plate submerged to a considerable depth under the sedimentary cover. The relief of the lower eastern part is slightly undulating, West Side occupies a higher hypsometric position; the remnant Privolzhskaya Upland is located on its territory. The relief of the western part is hilly.
The climate of the region is temperate continental, in the south it is arid. A large sum of active temperatures, fertile chernozems of forest-steppes, gray forest soils, chernozems of steppes and chestnut soils of dry steppes create a powerful agrarian potential of the region. Its plowed lands make up about 20% of Russian arable land. But the southern parts of the region are deficient in moisture; brown semi-desert soils are widespread here.
The main part of the territory is occupied by steppe and forest-steppe zones. In the north, mixed coniferous-broad-leaved and broad-leaved forests once grew, due to centuries of felling, they almost did not survive in their natural form; in the south, the steppe is replaced by semi-desert.
The region has a variety mineral resources. But the oil reserves, which made the Volga region one of the first in oil production, are severely depleted; oil production is declining. The main oil resources are concentrated in Tatarstan, the Samara region, gas - in the Saratov, Volgograd and Astrakhan regions. There are also significant salt reserves in the Baskunchak and Elton lakes and various raw materials for the production of building materials.
Population
Modern population area was formed as a result of centuries-old complex history colonization of the region. Indigenous people- Chuvash, Mari, Mordovians. Then the Bulgars, Polovtsy, Mongols, Nogais settled here. From the end XV-beginning XVI centuries, the conquest of the Volga areas was one of the main goals of the Russian, and then Russian state. Many of the largest cities in the region (Volgograd, Samara, Saratov) arose as fortresses on the natural boundary (Volga), which protected Russia from nomadic tribes.
The modern Volga region is one of the most densely populated regions of the Russian Federation. Average density population - 31 people. per 1 km 2, the Samara region is especially densely populated. Tatarstan, Saratov region.
Russians predominate almost everywhere in the national structure today (except for Kalmykia and Tataria). The share of compactly living Tatars (16%), Chuvashs and Mordovians (2 and 3% respectively) is also significant.
The level of urbanization of the Volga region is about 73%, and the population is concentrated mainly in the capitals national republics and in large industrial cities. The region has significant labor resources. Its population is growing, and mainly due to a significant influx of migrants.
The industrial base of the region received an impetus for development during the Great Patriotic War, when more than 300 enterprises were relocated here. And today, in many respects, the Volga region is not inferior to such industrially developed regions as Central and Ural, located in the neighborhood.
The main branches of specialization of the region: oil, oil refining, gas industry, chemical industry working on their raw materials, as well as highly qualified mechanical engineering, electric power industry and production of building materials.
The leading role belongs to mechanical engineering. In the structure of mechanical engineering, the automotive industry stands out, first of all. The region produces 70% of cars (Ulyanovsk, Tolyatti), 10% of trucks (Naberezhnye Chelny) and a significant number of trolleybuses (Engels). It is planned to build a new automobile plant in Yelabuga jointly with foreign companies. The Volga region also specializes in instrument and machine tool building (Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Saratov, Volzhsky, Kazan), aircraft building (Samara, Saratov, Kazan), (tractor building (Volgograd). All branches of the chemical industry are represented in the region. First of all, this is mining chemistry (sulfur extraction - Samara region, salts - lake Baskunchak), chemistry organic synthesis, production of polymers. Chemical industry is developing on the basis of processing local and Western Siberian oil in Nizhnekamsk, Samara and other petrochemical complexes. Main centers: Nizhnekamsk, Samara, Kazan, Syzran, Sara-. comrade, Volzhsky, Tolyatti.
A large gas-chemical complex is being created on the basis of the Astrakhan gas condensate field.
Fuel- energy complex highly developed The region is fully provided with its own fuel, and despite the fact that the share of the Volga region in Russia's oil production is falling, the region ranks second in Russian Federation after the West Siberian economic region for oil and gas production.
About 10% of the total Russian electricity production is generated in the Volga region, part of it is transmitted via power lines and to other regions of Russia. A cascade of 11 HPPs with a total capacity of 13.5 million kW has been created on the Volga and Kama. But the reservoirs of these lowland HPPs are very shallow, although they occupy vast areas, so the cost of electricity is very high. The environmental problems caused by the construction of hydroelectric power stations are enormous. First, the great Russian river Volga no longer exists in its natural form- only the reservoir system. Secondly, such regulation of its flow led to a slowdown in the flow and, consequently, a decrease in the ability of the river to cleanse itself. And hundreds of thousands of tons of pollutants (nitrates, oil products, phenols, etc.) enter the Volga every year. Great amount(up to 600 thousand tons) of suspended particles under conditions of altered runoff contribute to its siltation and shallowing. Level up ground water in the Volga basin, the remnants of the Volga forests, which are the natural protection of the Volga, led to a catastrophic situation. Hydroelectric dams are an almost insurmountable obstacle for fish, including valuable sturgeons, whose unique, largest in the world, herd is under threat of extinction. Thirdly, the flooding of fertile, once densely populated territories led to the loss of a significant land fund, flooding of about 100 cities and urban-type settlements, 2.5 thousand villages, villages, thousands of historical and cultural monuments. Now the situation is only getting worse, because the old treatment facilities(filtering only about 40% Wastewater) are falling into disrepair, there is not enough money to repair them and build new ones. In addition, existing within the USSR one system regulation (management) water management practically destroyed, and the Volga crosses the territories of many administrative-territorial units. Therefore, the very existence of the Volga river system is under threat, and this can only be solved by the joint efforts of all subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Volga basin.
Thermal power plants, which provide 3/5 of electricity, operate on local raw materials - fuel oil and gas. They are mainly located in cities where oil refining and petrochemistry are developed.
The Balakhovskaya (Saratovskaya) NPP also operates in the region.
Afo-industrial complex. In terms of agricultural land (more than 40 million hectares), the Volga region is the leader among all economic regions of the country. Up to 50% of the area has been plowed up. Here, 1/2 of the gross harvest of valuable durum wheat in Russia is grown, a significant part of mustard, cereals (millet, buckwheat), technical (sugar beet, sunflower). Meat and dairy cattle breeding is developed. south of latitude Volgograd has large sheep farms. In the interfluve of the Volga and Akhtuba, vegetables, gourds and rice are grown.
Many areas of the Volga region are covered by soil erosion processes, which were the result of centuries of agricultural stress. This, as well as unstable weather conditions and droughts, require constant land reclamation.
Developed transport network The district largely determined its modern appearance. The Volga served as the region-forming artery of the region. Great importance also have crossing it automobile and railways, a dense network of power lines and pipelines. The Druzhba oil pipeline system is of international importance.
The area is 536 thousand km2.
Composition: 6 regions - Astrakhan, Volgograd, Penza, Samara, Saratov, Ulyanovsk and 2 republics - Tataria and Kalmykia.
Natural conditions are favorable: (right bank, more elevated), soft, large array. But uneven moisture supply is characteristic - there are droughts and dry winds along the lower Volga.
The Volga region ranks second after oil and gas production; large oil refineries and a large one are concentrated in the region. Powerful petrochemical units in Samara, Kazan, Saratov, Syzran produce a variety of chemical products (plastics, polyethylene, fibers, rubber, tires, etc.). The Volga region also specializes in diversified, primarily transport. The area is called the automobile "workshop" of the country: Togliatti produces Zhiguli cars, Ulyanovsk - UAZ all-terrain vehicles, Naberezhnye Chelny - heavy-duty KAMAZ trucks. The Volga region produces ships, airplanes, tractors, trolleybuses, machine tools and instrumentation are also developed. Major centers are Samara, Saratov, Volgograd. Importance has an energy complex, including cascades of hydroelectric power stations on the Volga and Kama; Thermal power plants using their own and imported fuel and nuclear power plants (Balakovskaya and Dmitrovradskaya).
Volga region - Russia's most important. The northern part of the region is a supplier of durum wheat, sunflower, corn, beets, and meat. Rice, vegetables, melons and gourds are grown in the south. Volga and are the most important fishing areas.
Excessive concentration of petrochemical industries and other industrial enterprises, overregulation of the Volga created an extremely difficult environmental situation in the Volga region.
Volga region
Upper Volga landscape
The relief is flat, dominated by lowlands and hilly plains. The climate is temperate continental and continental. Summer is warm, with average monthly air temperature in July +22° - +25°С; winter is quite cold, the average monthly air temperature in January and February is −10° - −15°С. The average annual rainfall in the north is 500-600 mm, in the south 200-300 mm. natural areas: mixed forest (Tatarstan), forest-steppe (Samara, Penza, Ulyanovsk regions), steppe (Saratov and Volgograd regions), semi-deserts (Kalmykia, Astrakhan region). The southern part of the territory is characterized by dust storms and dry winds in the warm half of the year (from April to October).
Volga Economic Region
The area of the territory is 537.4 thousand km², the population is 17 million people, the population density is 25 people / km². The share of the population living in cities is 74%. The Volga economic region includes 94 cities, 3 million-plus cities, 12 subjects of the federation. It borders on the north with the Volga-Vyatka region ( central Russia), in the south with the Caspian Sea, in the east with the Ural region and Kazakhstan, in the west with the Central Black Earth region and North Caucasus. The economic axis is the Volga River.
Volga Federal District
Center - Nizhny Novgorod. The territory of the district is 6.08% of the territory of the Russian Federation. Population of Privolzhsky federal district as of January 1, 2008 - 30 million 241 thousand 581 people. (21.3% of the population of Russia). The basis of the population are the townspeople. For example, in Samara region this figure is more than 80%, which is generally slightly higher than the national figure (approximately 73%).
Notes
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Synonyms:See what "Volga region" is in other dictionaries:
1) the territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga and economically gravitating towards it. The elevated right bank (from the Volga elevation) and the low left bank (the so-called Trans-Volga region) stand out. 2) In a natural relation, the Volga region is sometimes referred to ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
VOLGA, the territory along the middle and lower reaches of the Volga. Within the Volga region, a relatively elevated right bank with the Volga Upland and a low left bank, the so-called. Zavolzhye. In natural terms, the Volga region is sometimes referred to ... ... Russian history
Exist., number of synonyms: 1 territory (20) ASIS synonym dictionary. V.N. Trishin. 2013 ... Synonym dictionary
Geogr. region in bass R. Volga, subdivided into Upper. (to Kazan), Sred. (Kazan - Saratov) and Nizh. (below Saratov) The Volga region. On the right bank Privolzhskaya vozv., on the left bank terraced low. Zavolzhye. Dictionary of modern geographical ... ... Geographic Encyclopedia
1) the territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga and economically gravitating towards it. There is an elevated right bank (with the Volga Upland) and a low left bank (the so-called Trans-Volga region). 2) In natural relation to ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary
The territory adjacent to the middle and lower reaches of the Volga or close to it located and economically gravitating to it. Within P., a relatively elevated right bank with the Volga Upland is distinguished (See Privolzhskaya ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia
Volga region- Povolzhye, I (to Volga) ... Russian spelling dictionary
Volga region- The Volga region, the territory along the middle and lower reaches of the Volga. Within P., a relatively elevated right bank from the Volga Upland and a low-lying left bank, the so-called Trans-Volga region, stand out. In natural terms, P. is sometimes also referred to ... Dictionary "Geography of Russia"
Volga region- LEG REGION, includes Tatar, Kalmyk ASSravni Ulyanovsk, Penza, Kuibyshev, Saratov, Volgograd (before 1961 - Stalingrad), Astrakhan region. In the years before the war. five-year plans (1929–40), a powerful industrial base was created in P. Great Patriotic War 1941-1945: encyclopedia
Train number 133A / 133G "Volga" ... Wikipedia
Probably, many have repeatedly heard such a name as the Volga region. It is not at all surprising, since this geographical area has a large territory and occupies important place in the life of the whole country. Large cities of the Volga region are also leaders in many respects. Industry and economy in the area are well developed. The article will talk in detail about the largest settlements of the Volga region, their location, economy and other important points.
Volga region: general information
First you need to get to know the area better. If we define the Volga region, then we can say that it includes the territories adjacent to the Volga River. They have long been inhabited, since the river was considered an important transport and trade route. Most of The Volga region consists of flat relief. Lowlands and small hilly areas are often found here. The climate of these places is temperate continental, and in some places continental. Weather here are not too severe, but the winter is quite cold. Summer in this area is warm, the average temperature in July is usually +22-25 ˚ WITH.
Large cities of the Volga region are of particular interest. Now this area is densely populated. Industry is booming here Agriculture, transport system. The peculiarity of the location of large cities of the Volga region is largely related to advantageous position in terms of economics and geography. long time ago settlements mainly appeared near major trade routes (in this case- next to the Volga).
The most important cities in the area
So, we got a little acquainted with the Volga region itself. Now it is worth talking about its settlements. Most big cities The Volga region is Kazan, Samara and Volgograd. They have a population of over 1 million people. These cities have become real industrial centers, in this moment they continue to develop. Do not deprive attention of other large cities of the Volga region. Among them, it is necessary to mention Saratov, Ulyanovsk, Penza, Astrakhan, Nizhny Novgorod.
Many are also interested in the question of what is the largest city in the Volga region. At the moment, Kazan is such a settlement. Now it is worth considering in more detail the most important cities in this region.
Kazan
So, you need to learn more about this wonderful city. It is located in the Republic of Tatarstan and is its center. Interestingly, there is quite a big port, where there is a constant turnover. The city is known throughout the country and occupies an important place in the field of economy, science, politics and culture.
Kazan is a very ancient city. Its foundation, according to some sources, dates back to 1005. Thus, it becomes clear that the city has a truly ancient history. Initially, a fortress was formed here. However, already in the 13th century, Kazan began to actively develop and grow. Gradually, she turned into important center within the Golden Horde. And already in the 15th century it became central city to whom even Moscow paid tribute. However, Ivan the Terrible took this city, all resistance was crushed. Thus, Kazan became part of the Russian state.
Now Kazan is a million-plus city, in 2016 its population was 1,216,965 people. It is also a large industrial centre. Mechanical engineering is widely developed here, light industry, as well as chemical and petrochemical industries.
Samara
Many are wondering which settlement is in second place in size. We have already found out that Kazan is the largest city in the Volga region. The next settlement is Samara. It also occupies an important place in the Volga economic space. As of 2016, the population of the city is about 1,170,910 people.
At first there was a fortress here. It was founded in 1586. The main purpose of such a structure was to control movement along the Volga and prevent raids by nomads and other enemies along the Volga. waterways. Samara has rich history. For example, in XVII-XVIII centuries the city became the center of the peasant uprising. At one time, he was even captured by troops subordinate to Stepan Razin. AT mid-nineteenth century, the Samara province was created. Thus, this settlement also became its center. At that time, the population in these places increased markedly.
For a long time, since 1935, the city had a different name - Kuibyshev. However, in 1991 it was decided to return to him former name. Of particular interest is the fact that the longest embankment in our country is located here. Another record - the city has the most tall building station throughout Europe.
As for the economic component of the city, it is mostly represented by various industries. The most developed here are mechanical engineering and metalworking. Also in the city there are many food industry enterprises.
Volgograd
Another large city in the Volga region is Volgograd. This locality also plays important role in the economic, cultural, scientific and other spheres of the entire region. The population of the city in 2016 was 1,016,137 people. This figure indicates that this is indeed a large settlement.
The history of these places is rich in various events. It appeared, like many other cities of the Volga region, next to the trade route that ran along the Volga. These lands were under the rule of the Golden Horde for a long time. However, from the beginning of the 15th century, it broke up into several separate khanates. Gradually Muscovy could defeat them. The first mention of the city (then called Tsaritsyn) dates back to 1579. The city survived a large number of devastation and each time restored. For example, in 1607, when the government was recognized in Tsaritsyn, the city was taken by storm on the orders of Vasily Shuisky. also in mid-seventeenth centuries, peasant uprisings took place here.
From the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century, the city actively developed in the industrial sector and gradually became the center of the entire region. Now the most developed here are defense production, mechanical engineering and metallurgy.
Saratov
A city like Saratov is also worth mentioning. It is also a major economic component of the Volga region. Its population in 2016 is 843,460 people. Interestingly, this settlement is among the 20 largest cities country, but is not a million-plus city.
Refers to 1590. Then a fortress was built here. Previously, settlements of the Golden Horde were located here. Already in the 18th century the city became major center where trade was organized. At the beginning of the 20th century, Saratov became the largest in terms of the number of inhabitants.
Thus, not only the largest city of the Volga region was considered, but also other large-scale settlements. We got acquainted with their history and various interesting facts about them.
Privolzhsky District of Russia
The Volga Federal District is an administrative-territorial formation with an area of 1,038.0 thousand km², which occupies the east and center of the territory of the European part of Russia. As you can see on the interactive map of the Volga Federal District, almost the entire region is located in the Volga River basin. The population of the region is 29.8 million people.A detailed map of the Volga Federal District tells about the borders of the Volga Federal District: northern borders the region shares with the Northwestern federal district, neighbors in the east with the Ural Federal District, with the Southern Federal District and the Republic of. Kazakhstan borders in the southern part, in the western part - with the Central Federal District.
The map of the Volga Federal District contains data relating to its administrative-territorial division. On it you can see that the region includes 14 subjects of the Russian Federation, including the republics of Mordovia, Tatarstan, Udmurt, Chuvash, Mari El and Bashkortostan and such regions as Saratov, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Orenburg, Kirov, Penza, Ulyanovsk and Perm region.
In addition, the interactive map of the Volga Federal District shows the location of the capital of the region - Nizhny Novgorod. The city is located in the very center of the East European Plain, at the confluence of the Volga and Oka rivers. In addition to the capital of the Volga Federal District, detailed map The Volga Federal District marked such large cities as Samara, Kazan, Ufa, Perm, Saratov and some others.
The region is considered agrarian, but the industry in the region is also quite well developed. Having studied the map of the Volga Federal District, we can conclude that the main industrial capacities of the district are concentrated in Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, as well as three regions of the region: Perm, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod. Numerous enterprises of the aerospace industry are marked on the detailed map of the Volga District. However, the most important sector of the economy of the Volga Federal District is oil and gas production.
