Novosibirsk is the third in Russia

There are many settlements - cities, towns and villages in the Russian Trans-Urals, and the most Big city is the capital of Siberia. Novosibirsk ranks third in Russia in terms of population after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to 2009 data, 1.397 million people are registered in Novosibirsk. April 30, 1893 is considered to be the birthday of the city, but, despite its youth, it is impossible to talk about Novosibirsk without using the word “most”. Firstly, the city is located on the banks of the longest river in Russia - the Ob. The length of the Ob with its main tributary, the Irtysh, is 5,410 km.

Secondly, the city has the largest opera and ballet theater in Russia, in terms of area, which is calling card Novosibirsk. The theater building is an example of modernist architecture of the late 1920s. During the construction of the theater, many unique constructive solutions, for example, the structure of the theater dome. The dome was designed by B.F. Mater and P.L. Pasternak, the diameter of the dome is 60 meters with a thickness of only 8 centimeters - this is the largest dome of this design in the world.

Theatre, Trans-Siberian Railway

In May 1931, the laying of the building was carried out. And already on August 1, 1941, the official opening of the theater was planned. But the war made its own adjustments, and the opening of the theater took place on May 12, 1945. During the war, the evacuated exhibits from the museums of Moscow and Leningrad were kept in the building of the future theater.

Start of construction Trans-Siberian Railway(1891) gave impetus to the development of the industry of the city. Before October revolution 1917 Novosibirsk (until 1925 - Novonikolaevsk) was a trade - industrial center Western Siberia. The leading industry in those years was the flour milling industry.

Novosibirsk factories

The largest plant "Trud", founded in 1904, produced spare parts for the mechanisms of mills, oil refineries and agricultural machinery. Before the war of 1941-1945, many industrial enterprises, among them a tin plant, "Sibcombin", a plant of boring machines. In 1936, an aircraft manufacturing plant was opened, which in 1939 was named after Valery Pavlovich Chkalov.

The second powerful impetus to the development of industry was given by the Great Patriotic War. Many enterprises from Leningrad and other cities of the USSR were evacuated to the largest city in Siberia, due to this, production for the front increased by 8 times: only Yak fighters for the front were produced up to 33 aircraft per day.

Modern Novosibirsk

In modern Novosibirsk there are 214 enterprises that produce 2/3 of the volume of all products Novosibirsk region. The leading industries of the city include mechanical engineering, metallurgy, energy, chemical, light and food industry. In 1985, the first metro stations were opened in Novosibirsk. This is the very first metro beyond the Urals with the world's longest covered metro bridge.

The city grew and developed rapidly, in just a few decades a small town with a population of 100 thousand people became a millionaire city. Only Chicago can boast of such growth rates. In Novosibirsk (Novonikolaevsk) there was a center Russian Empire. In this place, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, a chapel was built in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, designed by the famous architect A.D. Kryachkov.

The chapel is a symbol of Novosibirsk

The project of the chapel was made in the style of Novgorod-Pskov architecture of the XII-XIV centuries. In 1933, by order of the city council, "taking into account the wishes of the working masses and taking into account the improvement of the city," the chapel was destroyed. By the 100th anniversary of the city, in 1993, the Nikolskaya chapel was re-erected. The project of the new chapel was carried out by the architect P.A. Chernobrovtsev.
Novosibirsk has also gained worldwide fame thanks to its unique zoo, which occupies one of the leading places in the world in terms of conservation. rare species animals.

The largest city in Siberia continues to grow and develop actively. great attention paid not only to the construction of new modern buildings but also the preservation of historical architectural heritage.

Andrey Koshelev, Samogo.Net

Population of Siberia

The population of Siberia is about 24 million people. Largest cities Siberia - Novosibirsk 1 million 390 thousand, Omsk 1 million 131 thousand, Krasnoyarsk 936.4 thousand, Barnaul 597 thousand, Irkutsk 575.8 thousand, Novokuznetsk 562 thousand people, Tyumen 538 thousand people. Ethnically, the main part of the population is Russian, but many others live in this territory. ethnic groups and nationalities such as the Buryats, Dolgans, Nenets, Komi, Khakases, Chukchi, Evenks, Yakuts, etc.

The peoples of Siberia differed greatly in language, economic structure and social development.

Yukaghirs, Chukchis, Koryaks, Itelmens, Nivkhs, as well as asian eskimos were at the earliest stage social organization. Their development went in the direction of patriarchal-tribal orders, and some features were already evident (patriarchal family, slavery), but elements of matriarchy were still preserved: there was no division into clans and tribal exogamy.

Most of the peoples of Siberia were at various levels of the patriarchal-tribal system.

These are Evenks, Kuznetsk and Chulym Tatars, Kotts, Kachintsy and other tribes of Southern Siberia. Remnants of the patriarchal tribal relations were preserved among many tribes that embarked on the path of class formation. These are the Yakuts, the ancestors of the Buryats, the Daurs, the Duchers, the Khanty-Mansiysk tribes.

Only Siberian Tatars, defeated by Yermak, had their own statehood.

Population Eastern Siberia

The total urban population is 71.5%. The most urbanized Irkutsk region. And Krasnoyarsk region. Rural population prevails in autonomous regions: in the Buryat Ust-Orda district there is no urban population at all, in the Buryat Aginsk district it is only 32%, and in the Evenki district - 29%.

The current migration growth of the population of the ESER is negative (-2.5 pers.

per 1000 inhabitants), which causes depopulation of the population of the region. Moreover, negative migration from the Taimyr and Evenk Autonomous Regions is an order of magnitude higher than the average and creates the prospect of complete depopulation of these regions.
The population density in the region is extremely low, four times lower than the Russian average.

In the Evenki district, it is three people per 100 km2 - a record low level in the country. And only in the south - in the forest-steppe Khakassia, the population density is close to the average Russian one.

The economically active population of Eastern Siberia was 50%, which is close to the national average.

About 23% of the working population was employed in industry (in Russia, respectively, 22.4% and 13.3%). The level of general unemployment is very high (in the Republics of Buryatia and Tyva, as well as in the Chita region.

The unemployment rate in the FEDA is quite high, and its composition is high specific gravity hidden unemployment.
The ethnic composition of the population of Eastern Siberia was formed as a result of centuries-old mixing of the indigenous Turkic-Mongolian and Russian Slavic population with the participation of small small peoples of Siberia, including those living in the taiga regions and in the Far North.

peoples Turkic group live in the upper reaches of the Yenisei - Tuvans, Khakasses.

Representatives of the Mongolian group, the Buryats, live in the mountains and steppes of the Cis-Baikal and Transbaikalia, and Evenks belonging to the Tungus-Manzhur language group live in the taiga regions of the central part of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. The Taimyr Peninsula is inhabited by the Nenets, Nganasans, and the Yurk-speaking Dolgans (related to the Yakuts).

In the lower reaches of the Yenisei, a small people lives, the Kets, who have an isolated language that does not belong to any of the groups. All these peoples, with the exception of the extremely small Kets and Nganasans, have their own national-territorial formations - republics or districts.

Most of The population of Eastern Siberia adheres to the Orthodox faith, with the exception of the Buryats and Tuvans, who are Buddhists (Lamaists). The small peoples of the North and the Evenks retain traditional pagan beliefs.

Population of the West Siberian region

The total urban population is 71%.

The most urbanized are the Kemerovo region, where the number of urban residents reaches 87%, and the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - 91%.

At the same time, in the Republic of Altai, 75% of the population are rural residents.
The area varies in population density. Very high density population in the Kemerovo region. - about 32 people/km2.

The minimum density in the polar Yamal-Nenets District- 0.7 people/km2.

The economically active population of Western Siberia was 50%, slightly above the national average. About 21% of the working population was employed in industry, and about 13.2% in agriculture.

The level of general unemployment in Western Siberia was below the Russian average only in the Tyumen region.

In other regions, it exceeded the national average. In terms of the level of registered unemployment, all regions were in the worst position relative to the average Russian indicator (1.4%), except for the Novosibirsk region. Most registered unemployed in Tomsk region- 2.1% of the economically active population. In the oil-producing Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, their number is 1.5 times higher than the average for Russia.

The ethnic composition of the population of Western Siberia is represented by Slavic (mainly Russians), Ugric and Samoyedic (Khanty, Mansi, Nenets) and Turkic (Tatars, Kazakhs, Altaians, Shors) peoples.

The Russian population numerically predominates in all regions of the ZSER. Nenets included in the Samoyed language group Ural families, live mainly in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and are its indigenous people. Khanty and Mansi, included in Ugric group Ural family, live in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug. Turkic peoples- Kazakhs and Tatars live in the steppe and forest-steppe zones, and Altaians and Shors live in mountainous areas Altai and Mountain Shoria in the Kemerovo region.

The Russian population of Western Siberia is mainly Orthodox, believing Tatars and Kazakhs are Muslims, Altaians and Shors are partly Orthodox, some adhere to traditional pagan beliefs.

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Indigenous population of Siberia. Population of Western and Eastern Siberia

Siberia occupies a vast geographical area Russia. Once it included such neighboring states as Mongolia, Kazakhstan and part of China. Today this territory belongs exclusively to Russian Federation. Despite the huge area settlements comparatively few in Siberia.

Most of the region is occupied by tundra and steppe.

Description of Siberia

The entire territory is divided into Eastern and Western regions. IN rare cases theologians define and South Region, which represents highlands Altai.

The area of ​​Siberia is about 12.6 million square kilometers. km. This is approximately 73.5% of common territory RF. Interestingly, Siberia is larger in area than Canada.

Of the main natural areas, in addition to East and Western regions, allocate the Baikal region and the Altai mountains.

The largest rivers are the Yenisei, Irtysh, Angara, Ob, Amur and Lena. Taimyr, Baikal and Ubsu-Nur are considered the most significant lake areas.

From an economic point of view, cities such as Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Omsk, Irkutsk, Krasnoyarsk, Ulan-Ude, Tomsk, etc. can be called the centers of the region.
most high point Belukha Mountain is considered to be Siberian - over 4.5 thousand meters.

Population history

Historians call the Samoyed tribes the first inhabitants of the region.

This people lived in the northern part. Due to the harsh climate, reindeer herding was the only occupation. They ate mainly fish from adjacent lakes and rivers. The Mansi people lived in the southern part of Siberia. Their favorite pastime was hunting. The Mansi traded in furs, which were highly valued by Western merchants.

The Turks are another significant population of Siberia.

They lived in the upper reaches of the Ob River. They were engaged in blacksmithing and cattle breeding. Many Turkic tribes were nomadic. Buryats lived a little to the west of the mouth of the Ob. They became famous for the extraction and processing of iron.

The most numerous ancient population Siberia was represented by the Tungus tribes. They settled in the territory Sea of ​​Okhotsk to the Yenisei. They made a living by reindeer herding, hunting and fishing.

The more prosperous were engaged in handicrafts.
There were thousands of Eskimos on the coast of the Chukchi Sea. These tribes long time was the slowest cultural and social development. Their only tools are stone ax and spear. They were mainly engaged in hunting and gathering.

In the 17th century, there was a sharp jump in the development of the Yakuts and Buryats, as well as the northern Tatars.

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Native people

The population of Siberia today is made up of dozens of peoples.

Each of them, according to the Constitution of Russia, has its own right to national identification.

many nations Northern region even received autonomy within the Russian Federation with all the ensuing branches of self-government. This contributed not only to the lightning-fast development of the culture and economy of the region, but also to the preservation of local traditions and customs.

The indigenous population of Siberia mostly consists of Yakuts. Their number varies within 480 thousand people. Most of the population is concentrated in the city of Yakutsk - the capital of Yakutia.

The next largest people are the Buryats. There are more than 460 thousand of them. The capital of Buryatia is the city of Ulan-Ude. The main property of the republic is Lake Baikal. Interestingly, this region is recognized as one of the main Buddhist centers in Russia.

Tuvans are the population of Siberia, which, according to the latest census, numbers about 264 thousand people.

In the Republic of Tuva, shamans are still revered.

The population of such peoples as the Altaians and the Khakasses is almost equally divided: 72 thousand people each. The indigenous inhabitants of the districts are adherents of Buddhism.
The Nenets population is only 45 thousand people. They live on Kola Peninsula. Throughout their history, the Nenets have been famous nomads.

Today, their priority income is reindeer herding.

Also on the territory of Siberia live such peoples as Evenki, Chukchi, Khanty, Shors, Mansi, Koryaks, Selkups, Nanais, Tatars, Chuvans, Teleuts, Kets, Aleuts and many others. Each of them has its own centuries-old traditions and legends.

Population

The dynamics of the demographic component of the region fluctuates significantly every few years.

This is due to the mass relocation of young people to southern cities Russia and sharp jumps in fertility and mortality. There are relatively few immigrants in Siberia. The reason for this is the harsh climate and specific conditions for life in the villages.

According to the latest data, the population of Siberia is about 40 million people. This is more than 27% of total people living in Russia.

The population is evenly distributed across the regions. In the northern part of Siberia, there are no large settlements due to poor living conditions. On average, there is 0.5 sq. km of land.

The most populous cities are Novosibirsk and Omsk with 1.57 and 1.05 million inhabitants respectively. Further along this criterion are Krasnoyarsk, Tyumen and Barnaul.

Peoples of Western Siberia

Cities account for about 71% of total strength region.

Most of the population is concentrated in the Kemerovo and Khanty-Mansiysk districts. However, the agricultural center Western region considered the Republic of Altai.

It is noteworthy that the Kemerovo District ranks first in terms of population density - 32 people/sq. km.
The population of Western Siberia is 50% of able-bodied residents. Most of the employment is in industry and agriculture.

The region has one of the lowest unemployment rates in the country, with the exception of Tomsk Oblast and Khanty-Mansiysk.

Today the population of Western Siberia is Russians, Khanty, Nenets, Turks. By religion, there are Orthodox, Muslims, and Buddhists.

Population of Eastern Siberia

The share of urban residents varies within 72%. The most economically developed are the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Irkutsk Region.

From point of view Agriculture most important point The region is considered to be the Buryat Okrug.
Every year the population of Eastern Siberia becomes less and less. IN Lately there is a sharp negative trend in migration and birth rates.

Also here is the most low density population in the country. In some areas, it is 33 square meters. km per person. The unemployment rate is high.

IN ethnic composition includes such peoples as Mongols, Turks, Russians, Buryats, Evenks, Dolgans, Kets, etc. Most of the population is Orthodox and Buddhists.

Book Atlas des Enfans: Liempire Rousse, Imprimé à luniversité Imperiale de Moscow, 1771.

Here I don't even know what to say. I have not found any other information about this city. I wonder where the authors got this fact from? On the other hand, the book was printed in the printing house of Moscow University. Dedicated to some kind of Kriegs commissar Glebov. Probably passed the censorship. So they didn't just write.

It turns out that the same book was published under a different title: Experience of Russian geography. Imperial Moscow University, 1771. And there it is dedicated to all the governors of the then Russia, according to the list. And each sent a copy to correct errors and inaccuracies
Opening cities is my specialty, heh!
That's not all. The city of Tyumen used to be called differently. Again, this is not written anywhere else.

Book: Abulgachi-Bayadur-Khan Genealogical story about the Tatars, translated into French from a handwritten Tatar book, the work of Abulgachi-Bayadur-khan, and supplemented by a great number of reliable and curious notes about the direct current state North Asia with the required geographic landmaps, and from French into Russian at the Academy of Sciences. Published at the end of the 18th century. And part of the map from there. And the city of Siberia is very clearly visible on it.

The first Siberian king had, according to the chroniclers of the 17th century, very interesting name- Ivan. Though there was Magmet's law. That's very interesting, what exactly is the law and not faith. This is not the first time I have come across this definition - the law. It is different from the concept of faith. And this is a completely different view of the events of that time.
Someone Genghis killed Ivan. Also Tatar. Miller, in his Description of the Siberian kingdom and all the cases that took place in it,: St. Petersburg: At Imp. Acad. Sciences, 1750. - Tatars first and chief people Siberia.
In addition to them, on the Irtysh River, as follows from the text, the Chud people live.
The city of Siberia was founded by King Mamet somewhere at the end of the 15th century, judging by the text. And the kingdom of Siberia for many years was part of the kingdom of Kazan.
By the way, a very interesting point. Ivan the Terrible became the first tsar in Russia, and before that we had only princes. But the Siberian, Astrakhan, Kazan and Crimean rulers were originally called kings. Why so, it is not clear. There was something, which we now don’t even know about, that put these lands and their rulers higher than the Russian principalities in the then table of ranks. Yes that Kazan and Siberia. There was the Kasimov kingdom, right next to Moscow. And there was a king and not a prince.
At the end of the text interesting fact- the names of the sons of Kuchum do not coincide with the names recorded in our current history. I already wrote about the Siberian princes.
And now, if you re-read the entire text and estimate how much time has passed from Genghis to Kuchum, it turns out that it is not much. Years 100-150.
And finally. The then historian does not make any connection between Genghis and the Tatars, with whom Russia was constantly at war. And this is actually correct. I'll write about it anyway.

Siberia is a region located in the northeastern part of Eurasia. According to 2002 data, more than 13 million people live on its territory. Below is information about the most notable Siberian cities. Briefly about administrative center East Siberian region - the city of Irkutsk. And also about Novosibirsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Norilsk.

Irkutsk

This city is the sixth largest among other Siberian cities. more than 600 thousand people live. The city was founded in 1661 as a prison. Half a century later, it was badly damaged by a fire, which was repeated in 1879, after which it took more than ten years to restore. Until 1917, Irkutsk was a merchant city that flourished on Russian-Chinese trade.

Novosibirsk

In terms of population, this Siberian city ranks third in Russia. Thirteenth in area. When did this Siberian city appear? The foundation of the Nikolsky churchyard, later called Krivoshchekovo, can be considered the beginning of the history of Novosibirsk.

IN late XIX century, no more than 700 people lived here. Krivoshchekovtsy began to leave these places after it became known about the construction of the Great Siberian way. This area was used notoriety. The thing is that a village was located nearby, in which the natives lived, causing fear and hostility among the inhabitants of nearby settlements. Nevertheless, in May 1893, workers arrived here to build a new settlement. This year is officially considered the year of foundation of Novosibirsk.

The largest Siberian city in fifty years has increased its population from 75 thousand people to 1.1 million. Now there are about 1.6 million people living there, and this figure continues to grow. It's all about the good location of the railway line, once laid through the small Novo-Nikolaevsk - the future Novosibirsk.

Tyumen

This is the oldest Siberian city. For the first time the name "Tyumen" is mentioned in the annals of 1406. The construction of the Tyumen prison, which can be considered the basis of the future city, was started in 1586, not far from Chingi-Tura, by decree of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich. Tyumen is the best Siberian city in terms of living standards.

Omsk

This Siberian city has many attractions. For example, streets, more precisely, their names. It is probably not easy for a visitor to navigate here. The number of streets with the name "Severnaya" here reaches 37. According to this indicator, Omsk ranks first in Russia. In addition, the Siberian city is the leader in the number of streets of Workers, of which there are 34. Maryanovsky - 23. Amur streets in Omsk 21. Eastern - 11.

The city has streets 1st Razezd and 3rd Razezd. Where is the second one? Unknown. And there is the First Passage from the Third at a distance of several kilometers. And finally, RV-39 is a street reaching a length of 120 meters, but having only one building.

Tomsk

It is the largest scientific and scientific center among Siberian cities. Education Centre. There are nine universities, fifteen research institutes. In addition, there are many monuments of stone and wooden architecture, the first of which were created in the 15th century. More than 550 thousand people live in this Siberian city. It was founded in 1604.

It is worth saying a few words about Norilsk. It is the northernmost city in the world. It has about 177 thousand inhabitants. Norilsk has the unsightly title of the dirtiest Siberian city. About two tons of harmful substances enter the air here every year. All because of the Norilsk Nickel enterprise, in which almost half of the periodic table is mined. Harmful substances in the Norilsk air are contained in an amount exceeding allowable norms hundreds of times.

We list all the cities of Siberia (a list of them is in the article). They differ in location, population, history, culture.
We will consider the cities of Siberia (see the list below) for each of the regions. The list is given short description some of them, as well as the population according to the 2016 census.
So, we present to the reader's attention all the cities of Siberia: an alphabetical list by regions.

Altai Republic

Gorno-Altaisk - 62860.

Altai region

Aleisk - 28528. Barnaul - 635583. From the north and east the city goes around the Ob - one of the greatest rivers in the world. Belokurikha - 15072. Biysk - 203822. Miner - 13000. Zmeinogorsk - 10568. .Novoaltaisk - 73134. Rubtsovsk - 146385. Slavgorod - 30370. Yarovoe - 18085.

Buryatia

Babushkin - 4620. Gusinoozyorsk - 23358. Zakamensk - 11234. Kyakhta - 19985. Severobaikalsk - 23940. Ulan-Ude - 430551. Included in the list of antipodal cities. Its counterpart is the city of Puerto Natales in Chile.

Transbaikalia

Balei - 11586. Borzya - 29050. Krasnokamensk - 53242. Mogocha - 13525. Nerchinsk - 14820. Petrovsk-Zabaikalsky - 16800. Sretensk - 6620. Khilok - 10853. Chita - 343510. natural landscapes within the city limits. Shilka - 12984.

Irkutsk region

Alzamai - 6135. Angarsk - 226777. Baikalsk - 12900. Biryusinsk - 8484. Bodaibo - 13420. Bratsk - 234145. Vikhorevka - 21455. Zheleznogorsk-Ilimsky - 23980. Winter - 31282.

Irkutsk - 623420. Old City with many cultural and historical attractions. - 42499. Cheremkhovo - 51337. Shelekhov - 47377.

Kemerovo region

Anzhero-Sudzhensk - 72825. Belovo - 73401. Berezovsky - 47140. Guryevsk - 23360. Kaltan - 21185. Kemerovo - 553075. In last years there is deterioration environmental situation in the city, due to the work of industrial enterprises. Kisilevsk. Leninsk-Kuznetsky - 97666. Mariinsk - 39330. modern city. One of the oldest in Siberia. Osinniki - 43445. Polysaevo - 26737. Prokopyevsk - 198430. Taiga - 24530. Tashtagol - 23080.

Krasnoyarsk region

Artyomovsk - 1777. Achinsk - 105366. Bogotol - 20477. Borodino - 16220. Divnogorsk - 29050. Dudinka - 21974. Yeniseysk - 18155. Zheleznogorsk - 84542. Zaozerny - 10270. Zelenogorsk - 62670. 91 019. Kodinsk - 16222. Krasnoyarsk - 1066944. A million-plus city that flourished during the "gold rush" in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Lesosibirsk - 59846. 38416. Uyar - 12210. Uzhur - 15567. Sharypovo - 37258.

Novosibirsk region

Barabinsk - 29 305.] Berdsk - 102810. Bolotnoe - 15740. Iskitim - 57416. Karasuk - 27333. Kargat - 9588. Kuibyshev - 44 610. Kupino - 13898. Novosibirsk - 1602915. Large industrial, scientific and Cultural Center federal significance. Lies in the water great river Ob. Ob - 28917. Tatarsk 24070. Toguchin - 21355. Cherepanovo - 19570. Chulym - 11312.

Omsk region

Isilkul - 23545. Kalachinsk - 22717. Nazyvaevsk - 11333.

Omsk - 1178390. Known for the enterprises of the aerospace industry. Packaging - 28013. Tyukalinsk - 10493.

Tomsk region

Asino - 24587. Cedar - 2050. Kolpashevo - 23125. Seversk - 108135. Strezhevoy - 41956. Tomsk - 569300. The most ancient city in Siberia. It has many historical monuments.

Tuva

Ak-Dovurak - 13664. Kyzyl - 115870. Turan - 4900. Chadan - 8861. Shagonar - 10920.

Khakassia

Abaza - 15800. Abakan - 179 163. Sayanogorsk - 48300. Sorsk - 11500. Chernogorsk - 74268.

Now you know all the cities of Siberia. The list is given above.

Novosibirsk is the third in Russia

There are many settlements - cities, towns and villages in the Russian Trans-Urals, and the largest city is the capital of Siberia. Novosibirsk ranks third in Russia in terms of population after Moscow and St. Petersburg. According to 2009 data, 1.397 million people are registered in Novosibirsk. April 30, 1893 is considered to be the birthday of the city, but, despite its youth, it is impossible to talk about Novosibirsk without using the word “most”. Firstly, the city is located on the banks of the longest river in Russia - the Ob. The length of the Ob with its main tributary, the Irtysh, is 5,410 km.

Secondly, the city has the largest opera and ballet theater in Russia, in terms of area, which is the hallmark of Novosibirsk. The theater building is an example of modernist architecture of the late 1920s. During the construction of the theater, many unique design solutions were applied, for example, the structure of the theater dome. The dome was designed by B.F. Mater and P.L. Pasternak, the diameter of the dome is 60 meters with a thickness of only 8 centimeters - this is the largest dome of this design in the world.

Theatre, Trans-Siberian Railway

In May 1931, the laying of the building was carried out. And already on August 1, 1941, the official opening of the theater was planned. But the war made its own adjustments, and the opening of the theater took place on May 12, 1945. During the war, the evacuated exhibits from the museums of Moscow and Leningrad were kept in the building of the future theater.

The beginning of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway (1891) gave impetus to the development of the city's industry. Before the October Revolution of 1917, Novosibirsk (until 1925 - Novonikolaevsk) was the commercial and industrial center of Western Siberia. The leading industry in those years was the flour milling industry.

Novosibirsk factories

The largest plant "Trud", founded in 1904, produced spare parts for the mechanisms of mills, oil refineries and agricultural machinery. Before the war of 1941-1945, many industrial enterprises were built in Novosibirsk, among them a tin plant, Sibkombain, and a plant for boring machines. In 1936, an aircraft manufacturing plant was opened, which in 1939 was named after Valery Pavlovich Chkalov.

The second powerful impetus to the development of industry was given by the Great Patriotic War. Many enterprises from Leningrad and other cities of the USSR were evacuated to the largest city in Siberia, due to this, production for the front increased by 8 times: only Yak fighters for the front were produced up to 33 aircraft per day.

Modern Novosibirsk

In modern Novosibirsk, there are 214 enterprises that produce 2/3 of the volume of all products of the Novosibirsk region. The leading industries of the city include mechanical engineering, metallurgy, energy, chemical, light and food industries. In 1985, the first metro stations were opened in Novosibirsk. This is the very first metro beyond the Urals with the world's longest covered metro bridge.

The city grew and developed rapidly, in just a few decades a small town with a population of 100 thousand people became a millionaire city. Only Chicago can boast of such growth rates. Novosibirsk (Novonikolaevsk) was the center of the Russian Empire. In this place, in honor of the 300th anniversary of the Romanov dynasty, a chapel was built in the name of St. Nicholas the Wonderworker, designed by the famous architect A.D. Kryachkov.

The chapel is a symbol of Novosibirsk

The project of the chapel was made in the style of Novgorod-Pskov architecture of the XII-XIV centuries. In 1933, by order of the city council, "taking into account the wishes of the working masses and taking into account the improvement of the city," the chapel was destroyed. By the 100th anniversary of the city, in 1993, the Nikolskaya chapel was re-erected. The project of the new chapel was carried out by the architect P.A. Chernobrovtsev.
Novosibirsk has also become world famous thanks to its unique zoo, which occupies one of the leading places in the world in the conservation of rare species of animals.

The largest city in Siberia continues to grow and develop actively. Much attention is paid not only to the construction of new modern buildings, but also to the preservation of historical architectural heritage.