Hundreds of books have been published about the tragedy of the family of Tsar Nicholas II in many languages of the world. These studies quite objectively present the events of July 1918 in Russia. Some of these writings I had to read, analyze and compare. However, there are many mysteries, inaccuracies, and even deliberate untruths.
Among the most reliable information are the protocols of interrogations and other documents of the Kolchak court investigator for especially important cases N.A. Sokolov. In July 1918, after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the White troops, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief of Siberia, Admiral A.V. Kolchak appointed N.A. Sokolov as the leader in the case of the execution of the royal family in this city.
ON THE. Sokolov
Sokolov worked for two years in Yekaterinburg, interrogated a large number of people involved in these events, tried to find the remains of the executed members of the royal family. After the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Red troops, Sokolov left Russia and in 1925 published the book "The Murder of the Imperial Family" in Berlin. He took all four copies of his materials with him.
The Central Party Archives of the Central Committee of the CPSU, where I worked as a leader, kept mostly original (first) copies of these materials (about a thousand pages). How they got into our archive is unknown. I have read all of them carefully.
For the first time, a detailed study of materials related to the circumstances of the execution of the royal family was carried out on the instructions of the Central Committee of the CPSU in 1964.
In a detailed reference “on some circumstances related to the execution of the Romanov royal family” dated December 16, 1964 (CPA of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism under the Central Committee of the CPSU, fund 588 inventory 3C), all these problems are documented and objectively considered.
The certificate was written then by the head of the sector of the ideological department of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Alexander Nikolayevich Yakovlev, an outstanding political figure in Russia. Not being able to publish the entire reference mentioned above, I cite only some passages from it.
“In the archives, no official reports or resolutions have been found that precede the execution of the Romanov royal family. There is no indisputable data about the participants in the execution. In this regard, the materials published in the Soviet and foreign press, and some documents of the Soviet party and state archives were studied and compared. In addition, the stories of the former assistant commandant of the House special purpose in Yekaterinburg, where royal family, G.P. Nikulin and a former member of the collegium of the Ural Regional Cheka I.I. Radzinsky. These are the only surviving comrades who had something to do with the execution of the Romanov royal family. Based on the available documents and memoirs, often contradictory, one can draw up such a picture of the execution itself and the circumstances associated with this event. As you know, Nicholas II and members of his family were shot on the night of July 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg. Documentary sources testify that Nicholas II and his family were executed by decision of the Ural Regional Council. In the protocol No. 1 of the meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of July 18, 1918, we read: “We heard: The message about the execution of Nikolai Romanov (telegram from Yekaterinburg). Decided: After discussion, the following resolution is adopted: The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee recognizes the decision of the Ural Regional Council as correct. Instruct tt. Sverdlov, Sosnovsky and Avanesov to draw up an appropriate notice for the press. Publish about the documents available in the All-Russian Central Executive Committee - (diary, letters, etc.) of the former Tsar N. Romanov and instruct Comrade Sverdlov to form a special commission to analyze these papers and publish them. The original kept in the Central state archive, signed by Ya.M. Sverdlov. As V.P. Milyutin (People's Commissar for Agriculture of the RSFSR), on the same day, July 18, 1918, a regular meeting of the Council of People's Commissars was held in the Kremlin late in the evening ( Council of People's Commissars.— Ed.) chaired by V.I. Lenin. “During the report of Comrade Semashko, Ya.M. entered the meeting room. Sverdlov. He sat down on a chair behind Vladimir Ilyich. Semashko finished his report. Sverdlov went up, leaned over to Ilyich and said something. “Comrades, Sverdlov is asking for the floor for a message,” Lenin announced. “I must say,” Sverdlov began in his usual even tone, “a message has been received that in Yekaterinburg, by order of the regional Soviet, Nikolai was shot. Nicholas wanted to run. The Czechoslovaks advanced. The Presidium of the Central Executive Committee decided: to approve. Silence of all. "Now let's move on to reading the project article by article," suggested Vladimir Ilyich. (Magazine "Projector", 1924, p. 10). This is a message from Ya.M. Sverdlov was recorded in the protocol No. 159 of the meeting of the Council of People's Commissars dated July 18, 1918: “We heard: An extraordinary statement by the Chairman of the Central Executive Committee, Comrade Sverdlov, on the execution of the former Tsar, Nicholas II, by the verdict of the Yekaterinburg Soviet of Deputies and on the approval of this verdict by the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee. Resolved: Take note. The original of this protocol, signed by V.I. Lenin, is stored in the party archive of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. A few months before that, at a meeting of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, the issue of transferring the Romanov family from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg was discussed. Ya.M. Sverdlov speaks about this on May 9, 1918: “I must tell you that the question of the position of the former tsar was raised by us in the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee back in November, at the beginning of December (1917) and has been repeatedly raised since then, but we have not accepted no decision, taking into account the fact that it is necessary to first accurately familiarize yourself with how, under what conditions, how reliable protection is, how, in a word, the former Tsar Nikolai Romanov is kept. At the same meeting, Sverdlov reported to the members of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee that at the very beginning of April, the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee heard the report of the representative of the committee of the team guarding the tsar. “Based on this report, we came to the conclusion that it was impossible to leave Nikolai Romanov in Tobolsk ... The Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee decided to transfer the former Tsar Nikolai to a more reliable point. The center of the Urals, the city of Yekaterinburg, was chosen as such a more reliable point. The fact that the issue of transferring the family of Nicholas II was resolved with the participation of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee is also said in their memoirs by the old communists from the Urals. Radzinsky said that the initiative for the transfer belonged to the Ural Regional Council, and "the Center did not mind" ( Tape recording May 15, 1964). P.N. Bykov, former member The Ural Council, in his book “The Last Days of the Romanovs”, published in 1926 in Sverdlovsk, writes that in early March 1918, the regional military commissar I. Goloshchekin (party nickname “Philip”) went to Moscow on this occasion. He was given permission to translate royal family from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg.
Further, in the certificate “On some circumstances connected with the execution of the Romanov royal family,” terrible details are given. brutal execution royal family. It talks about how the corpses were destroyed. It is said that about half a pood of diamonds and jewelry were found in the sewn corsets and belts of the dead. In this article I would not like to discuss such inhuman acts.
For many years, the world press has been circulating the assertion that "the true course of events and the refutation of" falsifications Soviet historians” is contained in Trotsky’s diary entries, which were not intended for publication, therefore, they say, especially frank. They were prepared for publication and published by Yu.G. Felshtinsky in the collection: “Leo Trotsky. Diaries and Letters (Hermitage, USA, 1986).
I am quoting an excerpt from this book.
“April 9 (1935) The White Press once very heatedly debated the question of whose decision the royal family was put to death. The liberals were inclined, as it were, to the fact that the Urals executive committee, cut off from Moscow, acted independently. This is not true. The decision was made in Moscow. The case took place in critical period civil war when I spent almost all the time at the front, and my memories of the case of the royal family are fragmentary.
In other documents, Trotsky recounts a meeting of the Politburo a few weeks before the fall of Yekaterinburg, at which he advocated the need for an open litigation, "which was to unfold the picture of the whole reign".
“Lenin responded in the sense that it would be very good if it were feasible. But there may not be enough time. There was no debate, because (as) I did not insist on my proposal, absorbed in other things.
In the next episode from the diaries, the most frequently quoted, Trotsky recalls how, after the execution, to his question about who decided the fate of the Romanovs, Sverdlov replied: “We decided here. Ilyich believed that it was impossible to leave us a living banner for them, especially in the current difficult conditions.
Nicholas II with his daughters Olga, Anastasia and Tatyana (Tobolsk, winter 1917). Photo: Wikipedia “They decided” and “Ilyich considered” can, and according to other sources, should be interpreted as the adoption of a general decision in principle that the Romanovs should not be left as a “living banner of the counter-revolution”.
And is it so important that the immediate decision to execute the Romanov family was issued by the Ural Council?
I bring another interesting document. This is a telegraphic request dated July 16, 1918 from Copenhagen, in which it was written: “To Lenin, a member of the government. From Copenhagen. A rumor spread here that the former tsar had been murdered. Please tell me the facts by phone." On the telegram, Lenin wrote in his own hand: “Copenhagen. The rumor is false, the former tsar is healthy, all rumors are lies of the capitalist press. Lenin.
We were not able to find out whether a reply telegram was then sent. But it was the eve of that tragic day when the king and his relatives were shot.
Ivan Kitaev- especially for "New"
reference
Ivan Kitaev - historian, candidate of historical sciences, vice president International Academy corporate governance. He went from a carpenter on the construction of the Semipalatinsk test site and the Abakan-Taishet road, from a military builder who built a uranium enrichment plant in the taiga wilderness, to an academician. Graduated from two institutes, the Academy social sciences, graduate school. He worked as a secretary of the Togliatti city committee, the Kuibyshev regional committee, director of the Central Party Archive, deputy director of the Institute of Marxism-Leninism. After 1991, he worked as the head of the head office and head of the department of the Ministry of Industry of Russia, taught at the academy.
Lenin is characterized by the highest measure
About the organizers and customer of the murder of the family of Nikolai Romanov
In his diaries, Trotsky does not limit himself to quoting the words of Sverdlov and Lenin, but also expresses personal opinion about the execution of the royal family:
"Essentially, the decision ( about execution. — OH.) was not only expedient, but also necessary. The severity of the reprisals showed everyone that we would fight mercilessly, stopping at nothing. The execution of the royal family was needed not only to intimidate, horrify, and deprive the enemy of hope, but also to shake up their own ranks, to show that there was no retreat, that complete victory or complete death lay ahead. There were probably doubts and shaking of heads in the intellectual circles of the party. But the masses of workers and soldiers did not doubt for a moment: they would not have understood or accepted any other decision. Lenin felt this well: the ability to think and feel for the masses and with the masses was to him highest measure peculiar, especially at great political turns ... "
As for the extreme measure characteristic of Ilyich, Lev Davidovich, of course, is archipraved. So Lenin, as you know, personally demanded that as many priests as possible be hanged, as soon as he received a signal that the masses in some places in the localities had shown such an initiative. How can the people's power not support the initiative from below (and in reality the basest instincts of the crowd)!
As for the trial of the tsar, to which, according to Trotsky, Ilyich agreed, but time was running out, this trial would obviously have ended with the sentence of Nicholas to the highest measure. But in this case, unnecessary difficulties could arise with the royal family. And then how nice it turned out: the Ural Council decided - and that's it, bribes are smooth, all power to the Soviets! Well, maybe only "in the intellectual circles of the party" there was some shock, but quickly passed, like with Trotsky himself. In his diaries, he cites a fragment of a conversation with Sverdlov after the Yekaterinburg execution:
“Yes, but where is the king? - It's over, - he answered, - shot. - Where is the family? And his family is with him. - All? I asked, apparently with a hint of surprise. - All! Sverdlov replied. - And what? He was waiting for my reaction. I didn't answer. - And who decided? “We decided here…”
Some historians emphasize that Sverdlov did not answer “decided”, but “decided”, which is supposedly important for identifying the main culprits. But at the same time they take Sverdlov's words out of the context of the conversation with Trotsky. And here, after all, how: what is the question, such is the answer: Trotsky asks who decided, and here Sverdlov answers, “We decided here.” And further on he speaks even more specifically - about what Ilyich considered: "we must not leave us a living banner for them."
So, in his resolution on the Danish telegram of July 16, Lenin was clearly disingenuous, speaking about the lies of the capitalist press regarding the "health" of the tsar.
AT modern terms You can say this: if the Ural Soviet was the organizer of the murder of the royal family, then Lenin was the customer. But in Russia, the organizers are rare, and the customers of the crimes almost never, alas, do not find themselves in the dock.
The Romanov family was numerous, there were no problems with the successors to the throne. In 1918, after the Bolsheviks shot the emperor, his wife and children, a a large number of impostors. Rumors spread that on that very night in Yekaterinburg, one of them still survived.
And today, many believe that one of the children could be saved and that their offspring can live among us.
After dealing with imperial family, many believed that Anastasia managed to escapeAnastasia was the youngest daughter of Nicholas. In 1918, when the Romanovs were shot, the remains of Anastasia were not found in the family's burial place and rumors spread that the young princess had survived.
People around the world have reincarnated as Anastasia. One of the most prominent imposters was Anna Anderson. She seems to be from Poland.
Anna imitated Anastasia in her behavior, and rumors that Anastasia was alive spread quickly enough. Many also tried to imitate her sisters and brother. People around the world tried to cheat, but most of the doubles were in Russia.
Many believed that the children of Nicholas II survived. But even after the burial of the Romanov family was found, scientists could not identify the remains of Anastasia. Most historians still cannot confirm that the Bolsheviks killed Anastasia.
Later, a secret burial was found, in which the remains of the young princess were found, and forensic experts were able to prove that she died along with the rest of the family in 1918. Her remains were reburied in 1998.
Scientists were able to compare the DNA of the found remains and modern followers of the royal family Many people believed that the Bolsheviks buried the Romanovs in different places. Sverdlovsk region. In addition, many were convinced that two of the children were able to escape.
There was a theory that Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria were able to escape from the place terrible execution. In 1976, scientists attacked the trail with the remains of the Romanovs. In 1991, when the era of communism was over, the researchers were able to obtain government permission to open the burial of the Romanovs, the same one left by the Bolsheviks.
But scientists needed DNA analysis to confirm the theory. They asked Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent to provide DNA samples for comparison with those of the royal couple. Forensic experts confirmed that the DNA does indeed belong to the Romanovs. As a result of this study, it was possible to confirm that the Bolsheviks buried Tsarevich Alexei and Princess Maria separately from the rest.
Some people dedicated their free time search for traces of the real burial place of the family In 2007, Sergei Plotnikov, one of the founders of the amateur historical group, made an amazing discovery. His group was looking for any facts related to the royal family.
In his spare time, Sergei was engaged in searching for the remains of the Romanovs in the alleged place of the first burial. And one day he was lucky, he stumbled upon something solid and began to dig.
To his surprise, he found several fragments of the bones of the pelvis and skull. After the examination, it was found that these bones belong to the children of Nicholas II.
Few people know that the methods of killing family members differed from each other. After an analysis of the bones of Alexei and Mary, it was found that the bones were badly damaged, but in a different way than the bones of the emperor himself.
Traces of bullets were found on the remains of Nikolai, which means that the children were killed in a different way. The rest of the family also suffered in their own way.
Scientists managed to establish that Alexei and Maria were doused with acid, and they died from burns. Despite the fact that these two children were buried separately from the rest of the family, they suffered no less.
There was a lot of confusion around the bones of the Romanovs, but in the end, scientists still managed to establish their belonging to the family. Archaeologists found 9 skulls, teeth, bullets of various calibers, fabric from clothes and wires from a wooden box. The remains were found to be those of a boy and a woman, estimated to be between 10 and 23 years old.
The probability that the boy was Tsarevich Alexei, and the girl Princess Maria is quite high. In addition, there were theories that the government managed to find the place where the bones of the Romanovs were stored. There were rumors that the remains were found as early as 1979, but the government kept this information a secret.
One of the research groups was very close to the truth, but they soon ran out of money. In 1990, another group of archaeologists decided to excavate, hoping that they would be able to find some more traces of the location of the remains of the Romanovs.
After a few days or even weeks, they dug up a field the size of a football field, but never completed the study, as they ran out of money. Surprisingly, Sergei Plotnikov found bone fragments in this very area.
Due to the fact that the Russian Orthodox Church demanded more and more confirmation of the authenticity of the bones of the Romanovs, the reburial was postponed several times The Russian Orthodox Church refused to accept the fact that the bones really belonged to the Romanov family. The Church demanded more evidence the fact that these same remains were indeed found in the burial of the royal family in Yekaterinburg.
The successors of the Romanov family supported the Russian Orthodox Church, demanding additional research and confirmation that the bones really belong to the children of Nicholas II.
The reburial of the family was postponed many times, as the ROC each time questioned the correctness of the DNA analysis and the belonging of the bones to the Romanov family. The church asked forensic experts to conduct additional examination. After scientists finally managed to convince the church that the remains really belonged to the royal family, the Russian Orthodox Church planned a reburial.
The Bolsheviks eliminated the main part of the imperial family, but their distant relatives are still alive The successors of the family tree of the Romanov dynasty live among us. One of the heirs of royal genes is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and he provided his DNA for research. Prince Philip is the husband of Queen Elizabeth II, grand-niece of Princess Alexandra, and great-great-great-grandson of Nicholas I.
Another relative who helped with DNA identification is Prince Michael of Kent. His grandmother was a cousin of Nicholas II.
There are eight more successors of this family: Hugh Grosvenor, Constantine II, Grand Duchess Maria Vladimirovna Romanova, Grand Duke Georgy Mikhailovich, Olga Andreevna Romanova, Francis Alexander Matthew, Nicoletta Romanova, Rostislav Romanov. But these relatives did not provide their DNA for analysis, as Prince Philip and Prince Michael of Kent were recognized as the closest relatives.
Of course the Bolsheviks tried to cover up the traces of their crime The Bolsheviks executed the royal family in Yekaterinburg, and they had to somehow hide the evidence of the crime.
There are two theories about how the Bolsheviks killed children. According to the first version, they first shot Nikolai, and then put his daughters in the mine, where no one could find them. The Bolsheviks tried to blow up the mine, but their plan failed, so they decided to douse the children with acid and burn them.
According to the second version, the Bolsheviks wanted to cremate the bodies of the murdered Alexei and Maria. After several studies, scientists and forensic experts concluded that the cremation of the bodies did not work.
To be cremated human body, need very much heat, and the Bolsheviks were in the forest, and they did not have the opportunity to create the necessary conditions. After failed attempts cremation, they still decided to bury the bodies, but divided the family into two graves.
The fact that the family was not buried together explains why not all family members were initially discovered. This also refutes the theory that Alexei and Maria managed to escape.
By decision of the Russian Orthodox Church, the remains of the Romanovs were buried in one of the churches of St. Petersburg The secret of the Romanov dynasty rests with their remains in the Church of Saints Peter and Paul in St. Petersburg. After numerous studies, scientists still agreed that the remains belong to Nicholas and his family.
The last farewell ceremony took place in the Orthodox Church and lasted three days. During the funeral procession, many still questioned the authenticity of the remains. But scientists claim that the bones are 97% identical to the DNA of members of the royal family.
In Russia, this ceremony was given special significance. Residents of fifty countries around the world watched the Romanov family go to rest. It took more than 80 years to debunk the myths about the family last emperor Russian Empire. Together with the completion of the funeral procession, an entire era has gone into the past.
Almost a hundred years have passed since terrible night, when Russian empire ceased to exist forever. Until now, none of the historians can state unequivocally what happened that night and whether any of the family members survived. Most likely, the secret of this family will remain undisclosed, and we can only assume what really happened.
Royal family. Was there a shooting?
THE ROYAL FAMILY - LIFE AFTER THE "SHOOTING"
History, like a corrupt girl, falls under any new "tsar". So, the newest history of our country has been rewritten many times. "Responsible" and "unbiased" historians rewrote biographies and changed the fate of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet period.
But today access to many archives is open. Conscience is the only key. What bit by bit gets to people does not leave indifferent those who live in Russia. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.
In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and no one can establish the real history of the last century.
Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer rob Russians in all directions. Either, mocking Russian traditions, they will start a carnival in February, or they will bring an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.
And then we wonder: why is it in a country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such poor people?
Abdication of Nicholas II
Emperor Nicholas II did not abdicate the Throne. This act is a "fake". It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.
This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Emperor Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister of the Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Frederiks.
After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar Nicholas II was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading the whole of Russia by the fact that, seeing this fake act, the clergy passed it off as a real one. And they transmitted by telegraph to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Sovereign supposedly abdicated the Throne!
March 6, 1917 The Holy Synod of the Russian Orthodox Church listened to two reports. The first is the act of "renunciation" of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the State of Russia, which took place on March 2, 1917, and about his resignation supreme power. The second is the act on March 3, 1917 on the refusal of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich of the perception of the Supreme Power.
After the hearings, until the establishment of Constituent Assembly form of government and new fundamental laws of the Russian State, ORDERED:
“The aforementioned acts shall be taken into account and executed and declared in all Orthodox churches, in urban areas - on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural areas - on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with the performance of a prayer to the Lord God for the appeasement of passions, with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected Power of the Russian and its Blessed Provisional Government.
And although the top of the generals of the Russian Army for the most part consisted of Jews, but the average officer corps and a few higher ranks generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue of the Sovereign.
From that moment, the division of the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!
The priesthood and the whole of Russian society split.
But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Legitimate Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.
After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion around the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.
Chairman of the V. Ch. K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F. E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of V. Ts. I. K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as soon as possible. Priests must be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are to be closed. Temple premises to be sealed and turned into warehouses.
Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Sov. nar. Komissarov Ulyanov /Lenin/.
Kill simulation
There is a lot of information about the Sovereign's stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.
Was there a shooting? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house?
It turns out yes!
There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug to her underground passage. During the destruction of the house by Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.
Thanks to Stalin and the intelligence officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to different Russian provinces, with the blessing of Metropolitan Macarius (Nevsky).
On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent a telegram to her husband, N. N. Ipatiev, to the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.
In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, Soviet institutions were evacuated in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were taken out, including those of the Romanov family (!).
Strong excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev house was, where the Tsar's Family lived. Who was free from service, went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “where are They?”.
Some were inspecting the house, breaking down the boarded-up doors; others sorted things and papers that were lying around; the third, raked the ashes from the furnaces. Fourth, scoured the yard and garden, looking into all cellars and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.
While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit, took away a lot of abandoned property, which was then found in the market and flea markets.
The head of the garrison, Major General Golitsin, appointed a special commission of officers, mostly cadets of the Academy General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was instructed to deal with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking up recent fires, found charred items from the Tsar's wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.
Captain Malinovsky received an order to explore the Ganina Yama area. On July 30, taking with him Sheremetevsky, the investigator for the most important cases of the Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. Derevenko and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, went there.
Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Tsar Nicholas II, the Empress, the Tsesarevich and the Grand Duchesses.
The Malinovsky Commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I got evidence of destruction there, in the fires near the mines of the Royal things.
After the entire staff of the officers went to Koptyaki, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined the Ipatiev house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetevsky, took up the inspection of Ganina Yama.
When inspecting the Ipatiev house, the officers of the Malinovsky group managed to establish almost all the main facts in a week, on which the investigation then relied.
A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, showed Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the August family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of a murder.”
At the scene
On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the side of the military authorities, since civil power had not yet been formed, it was proposed to investigate the case of the Royal Family. After that, they began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.
On July 30, Aleksey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, which was recognized by Chemodurov as a jewel belonging to Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna.
Nametkin, inspecting the Ipatiev house from August 2 to 8, had publications of the decisions of the Ural Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which reported on the execution of Nicholas II.
Inspection of the building, traces of shots and signs of spilled blood confirmed known fact- the possible death of people in this house.
As for the other results of the inspection of the Ipatiev house, they left the impression of an unexpected disappearance of its inhabitants.
On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect the Ipatiev house, described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Feodorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the inspection, I found many small things that belonged, according to the valet T. I. Chemodurov and the doctor of the Heir V. N. Derevenko, to members of the Royal Family.
Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene, stated that an imitation of execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.
He repeated his data officially in Omsk, where he gave an interview on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Declaring that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17, and was going to make these documents public soon.
But he was forced to hand over the investigation.
War with investigators
On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for the prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court, Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority of votes, decided to transfer the “case of the murder of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II”, to a member of the court Ivan Alexandrovich Sergeev .
After the transfer of the case, the house where he rented a room was burned down, which led to the death of Nametkin's investigative archive.
The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks, in order to plan further activities for each of the significant circumstances discovered. That is why their replacement is harmful, because with the departure of the former investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of riddles disappears.
On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin was shot.
Sergeev was aware of the complexity of the upcoming investigation.
He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. Indeed, in forensic science there is a rigid setting: "no corpse - no murder." He had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they searched the area very carefully and pumped out water from the mines. But ... they found only a severed finger and a prosthesis of the upper jaw. True, the “corpse” was also removed, but it was the corpse of the dog Grand Duchess Anastasia.
In addition, there are witnesses who saw former empress and her children in Perm.
Doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, like Botkin, who accompanied Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, over and over again testifies that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar on his head /skull/ should have a trace from the blow of the Japanese saber in 1891.
The clergy also knew about the release of the Royal Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.
The life of the royal family after the "death"
In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, there was a special. department that monitored all the movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, consequently, Russia's future policy should be reconsidered.
Daughters Olga (she lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveevsky Monastery, disguised as nuns, and sang in the kliros of the Trinity Church. From there, Tatyana moved to Krasnodar region, got married and lived in the Apsheron and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solyonoye, Mostovsky District.
Olga, through Uzbekistan, went to Afghanistan with the emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim-Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on 01/16/1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one possessed, but were returned to Kazan temple).
On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to the stolen ones and reburied near the Kazan Church.
The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and Anastasia (who lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were for some time in the Glinskaya Hermitage. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to St. Panfilovo, where she was buried on 06/27/1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to the Nizhny Novgorod region in the village of Arefino there and was buried on 05/27/1954.
Metropolitan John of Ladoga (Snychev, d. 1995) took care of Anastasia's daughter Yulia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) took care of Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, d. 2011) took care of his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), having come from the front, worked as an architect, according to his project was built Train Station in Stalingrad-Volgograd!
The brother of Tsar Nicholas II, Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich, was also able to escape from Perm right under the noses of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.
Until 1927, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna was at the Tsar's Dacha (Vvedensky Skete of Seraphim of the Ponetaevsky Monastery in the Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Xenia (in honor of St. Xenia Grigoryevna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).
In 1899, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic poem:
"In the solitude and silence of the monastery,
Where guardian angels fly
Far from temptation and sin
She lives, whom everyone considers dead.
Everyone thinks she already lives
In the Divine heavenly realm.
She steps outside the walls of the monastery,
Submissive to your increased faith!”
The Empress met with Stalin, who told her the following: "Live in peace in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics."
Stalin's patronage saved the Tsaritsa when local Chekists opened criminal cases against her.
The name of the Queen from France and Japan regularly received Money transfers. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank Ruf Leontievich Shpilyov and the chief accountant Klokolov.
The Empress did needlework, making blouses, scarves, and straws were sent to her from Japan to make hats. All this was done by order of local fashionistas.
Empress Alexandra Feodorovna
In 1931, the Tsaritsa appeared at the Starobelsk regional department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in the Berlin Reichsbank, and 300,000 dollars in the Chicago bank. All these funds she wants to transfer to the disposal of Soviet government provided that it will ensure her old age.
The statement of the Empress was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called "Credit Bureau" to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!
In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, the Empress on the same day was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who suggested that she move to Berlin, to which the Empress replied with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wished: it would not be good, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.
The only thing the Tsaritsa agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. True, the commandant of the city nevertheless ordered a sign to be installed near the Empress's dwelling with an inscription in Russian and German: "Do not disturb Her Majesty."
What she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen were ... wounded Soviet tankers.
The German medicine was very useful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisal.
From 1927 until her death in 1948, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, under the name of Xenia, lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region. She took monastic vows with the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsk Holy Trinity Monastery.
Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei
Tsarevich Alexei - became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of the Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad textile institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.
Wife Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). The son of Mikhail Maksimovich Gvishiani (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Pedagogical Department of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38. deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, the 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950. early UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 early UMGB of the Kuibyshev region. Grandchildren Tatyana and Alexey.
The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, the composer Khachaturian, and the rocket designer Chelomey.
In 1940 - 1960. - Deputy prev. Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - Deputy. prev. Council for the evacuation of industry in the eastern regions of the USSR. From January to July 1942 - authorized by the State Defense Committee in the besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The prince walked along Ladoga on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, therefore he organized the "Road of Life" through the Lake to supply the city.
Aleksey Nikolaevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to buy household appliances and computers around the world.
The Sverdlovsk Oblast produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled with underground cities, hiding under the indices "Sverdlovsk-42", and there were more than two hundred such "Sverdlovsk".
He helped Palestine, as Israel expanded its borders at the expense of the lands of the Arabs.
He brought to life projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.
But the Jews, members of the Politburo, made the export of crude oil and gas the main line of the budget - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.
In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by G. M. Malenkov, Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Mikoyan, deputy. Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, "organized Kosygin's long trip to Siberia, in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products." Stalin coordinated this business trip with Mikoyan in time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August until the end of December 1950 lay in the country, miraculously remaining alive!
In his treatment of Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him "Kosyga", since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.
In the 60s. Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the inefficiency existing system, proposed a transition from the social economy to the real one. Keep records of sold, not manufactured products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on about. Damansky, having met in Beijing at the airport with Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.
Alexei Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery in the Tula region and talked with the nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire royal family. He even gave her a diamond ring once, for clear predictions. And shortly before his death, he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!
The death of Tsarevich Alexei coincided with the birthday of Leonid Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and these days the country did not know that Kosygin had died.
The ashes of the Tsesarevich have been resting in the Kremlin wall since December 24, 1980!
There was no memorial service for the August Family
Royal Family: real life after an imaginary shooting
Until 1927, the Royal Family met on the stones of St. Seraphim of Sarov, next to Royal dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now only the former baptismal remained from the Skit. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD forces. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were moved to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.
In the 20 - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schema nun Dominica (1906 - 2009).
Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and cousin Nicholas II.
In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin with Stalin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin's guard.
Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately left the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in the office of Mannerheim hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912 Fr. Aleksey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, took care of a woman who arrived there from Finland in 1956 on a post-maternity basis. the eldest daughter of the Tsar - Olga.
In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family Vladyka Feofan (Bystrov) lived.
Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell-attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931, he traveled to Paris to meet with Sovereign Nicholas II and with the people who freed the Royal Family from imprisonment. Vladyka Feofan also said that over time the Romanov family would be restored, but through the female line.
Expertise
Head Department of Biology, Ural medical academy Oleg Makeev said: genetic expertise after 90 years is not only difficult due to the changes that have occurred in the bone tissue, but also cannot give absolute result even when done carefully. The methodology used in the studies already conducted is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.”
A foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, established in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolaevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, commissioned a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the inconsistency of the DNA of the “Ekaterinburg remains”.
The Commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V. K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna Romanova, whose relics are stored in the Jerusalem Church of Mary Magdalene.
“The sisters and their children should have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Feodorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters,” was the conclusion of the scientists.
The experiment was conducted by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular systematist at Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Lev Zhivotovsky, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
After the death of an organism, DNA begins to rapidly decompose, (cut) into parts, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creating special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200-300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during the analysis, a segment of 1.223 nucleotides was isolated.”
Thus, Pyotr Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “Geneticists again refuted the results of the examination conducted in 1994 in the British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the Yekaterinburg remains belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family.”
Japanese scientists presented to the Moscow Patriarchate the results of their research regarding the "Ekaterinburg remains".
On December 7, 2004, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai in the MP building. Doctor biological sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine, Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987 he has been working at Kitazato University, he is the vice dean of the United School medical sciences, Director and Professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department of Forensic Medicine. Published 372 scientific work and made 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member of the Royal Society of Medicine in London.
He carried out the identification of the mitochondrial DNA of the latter Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief was left there, which was applied to the wound. It turned out that the structures of DNA from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the structure of DNA in both the second and third cases. A research team led by Dr. Nagai took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace of Tsarskoye Selo, and performed a mitochondrial analysis of it.
In addition, mitochondrial DNA analysis of hair, mandibular bone and nails was performed. thumb buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral V. K. Georgy Alexandrovich, younger brother Nicholas II. I compared DNA from the cuts of bones buried in 1998 in Peter and Paul Fortress, with blood samples of the native nephew of Emperor Nicholas II Tikhon Nikolaevich, as well as with sweat and blood samples of Tsar Nicholas II himself.
Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We got results different from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Pavel Ivanov on five points."
Glorification of the King
Sobchak (Finkelstein, d. 2000), being the mayor of St. Petersburg, committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and members of his family to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov's "official commission."
The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “Imperial House” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “Head of the Russian Imperial House”, applied for state registration of the death of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918-1919. and the issuance of death certificates.
On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the "rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family." This application was submitted on behalf of "Princess" Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.
The glorification of the Royal Family, although it took place under Ridiger (Alexius II) at the Bishops' Council, was just a cover for the "consecration" of Solomon's temple.
After all, only the Local Council can glorify the king in the face of the Saints. Because the Tsar is the spokesman of the Spirit of the whole people, and not just of the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Bishops' Council of 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.
According to ancient canons, it is possible to glorify God's saints after healing from various ailments occurs at their graves. After that, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healing comes from God. If not, then such healings are done by the Bes, and then they will turn into new diseases.
In order to make sure on own experience, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod at the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.
The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest Grigory (Dolbunov, d. 1996) buried and buried the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II.
Whoever the Lord vouchsafes to go to the grave and be healed, he can be convinced by his own experience.
The transfer of His relics is yet to be done at the federal level.
Sergey Zhelenkov
The Romanovs were not shot (Levashov N.V.)
Dec 16 2012 Private video in which a Russian journalist in the past talks about an Italian who wrote an article about witnesses that the Romanovs were alive... The video contains a photograph of the grave of Nicholas II's eldest daughter, who died in 1976...
Interview with Vladimir Sychev on the Romanov case
An interesting interview with Vladimir Sychev, who refutes the official version of the execution of the royal family. He talks about the grave of Olga Romanova in northern Italy, about the investigation of two British journalists, about the conditions of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in 1918, according to which all the women of the royal family were handed over to the Germans in Kyiv...
After the execution on the night of July 16-17, 1918, the bodies of members of the royal family and their entourage (11 people in total) were loaded into a car and sent towards Verkh-Isetsk to the abandoned mines of Ganina Yama. At first they unsuccessfully tried to burn the victims, and then they threw them into the shaft of the mine and threw them with branches.
Discovery of remains
However, the next day, almost the entire Verkh-Isetsk knew about what had happened. Moreover, according to a participant firing squad Medvedev, "the icy water of the mine not only completely washed away the blood, but also froze the bodies so much that they looked like they were alive." The conspiracy clearly failed.
The remains were promptly reburied. The area was cordoned off, but the truck, having driven only a few kilometers, got stuck in the swampy area of the Porosenkov Log. Without beginning to invent anything, one part of the bodies was buried right under the road, and the other - a little to the side, after filling them with sulfuric acid. Sleepers were placed on top for reliability.
It's interesting that forensic investigator N. Sokolov, sent by Kolchak in 1919 to search for a burial place, found this place, but he did not think of raising the sleepers. In the area of Ganina Yama, he managed to find only a severed female finger. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the investigator was unequivocal: “Here is all that remains of August Family. Everything else was destroyed by the Bolsheviks with fire and sulfuric acid.”
Nine years later, perhaps it was Porosenkov Log that Vladimir Mayakovsky visited, as can be judged from his poem “The Emperor”: “Here the cedar was touched with an ax, notches under the root of the bark, at the root under the cedar there is a road, and the emperor is buried in it.”
It is known that the poet, shortly before his trip to Sverdlovsk, met in Warsaw with one of the organizers of the execution of the royal family, Peter Voikov, who could show him the exact place.
Ural historians found the remains in the Piglet Log in 1978, but permission for excavations was received only in 1991. There were 9 bodies in the burial. During the investigation, some of the remains were recognized as "royal": according to experts, only Alexei and Maria were missing. However, many experts were confused by the results of the examination, and therefore no one was in a hurry to agree with the conclusions. The House of Romanov and the Russian Orthodox Church refused to recognize the remains as authentic.
Alexei and Maria were discovered only in 2007, guided by a document compiled from the words of the commandant of the "House of Special Purpose" Yakov Yurovsky. "Yurovsky's note" initially did not inspire much confidence, nevertheless, the place of the second burial was indicated correctly in it.
Falsifications and myths
Immediately after the execution, representatives of the new government tried to convince the West that the members of the imperial family, or at least the children, were alive and in a safe place. People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs G. V. Chicherin in April 1922 at the Genoa Conference, to the question of one of the correspondents about the fate of the Grand Duchesses, vaguely answered: “The fate of the tsar's daughters is not known to me. I read in the papers that they were in America."
However, P. L. Voikov, in an informal setting, stated more specifically: "the world will never know what we did to the royal family." But later, after the publication in the West of the materials of the Sokolov investigation Soviet authorities recognized the fact of the execution of the imperial family.
Falsifications and speculations around the execution of the Romanovs contributed to the spread of persistent myths, among which the myth of ritual murder and about the severed head of Nicholas II, which was in the special depository of the NKVD. Later, stories about " miraculous rescue»children of the king - Alexei and Anastasia. But all this has remained a myth.
Investigation and expertise
In 1993, Vladimir Solovyov, an investigator from the General Prosecutor's Office, was entrusted with the investigation into the discovery of the remains. Given the importance of the case, in addition to the traditional ballistic and macroscopic examinations, additional genetic studies were carried out jointly with British and American scientists.
For these purposes, blood was taken from some of the Romanov relatives living in England and Greece for analysis. The results showed that the probability that the remains belonged to members of the royal family was 98.5 percent.
The investigation considered this insufficient. Solovyov managed to obtain permission to exhume the remains of the tsar's brother, George. Scientists confirmed the "absolute positional similarity of mtDNA" of both remains, which revealed a rare genetic mutation inherent in the Romanovs - heteroplasmy.
However, after the discovery in 2007 of the alleged remains of Alexei and Maria, new studies and examinations were required. The work of scientists was greatly facilitated by Alexy II, who, before the burial of the first group royal remains in the tomb Peter and Paul Cathedral asked investigators to remove bone particles. “Science is developing, it is possible that they will be needed in the future,” these were the words of the Patriarch.
To remove the doubts of skeptics, the head of the laboratory was invited for new examinations molecular genetics at the University of Massachusetts, Yevgeny Rogaev (who was insisted on by representatives of the House of Romanov), the chief geneticist of the US Army, Michael Cobble (who returned the names of the victims of September 11), and Walter Parson, an employee of the Institute of Forensic Medicine from Austria.
Comparing the remains from the two burials, the experts once again rechecked the previously obtained data, and also conducted new studies - the previous results were confirmed. Moreover, the “blood-splattered shirt” of Nicholas II (Otsu incident) found in the Hermitage funds fell into the hands of scientists. And again, a positive answer: the genotypes of the king “on the blood” and “on the bones” coincided.
Results
The results of the investigation into the case of the execution of the royal family refuted some pre-existing assumptions. For example, according to experts, “under the conditions in which the destruction of corpses was carried out, it was impossible to completely destroy the remains using sulfuric acid and combustible materials.”
This fact rules out Ganina Yama as the final burial site.
True, the historian Vadim Viner finds a serious gap in the conclusions of the investigation. He believes that some finds belonging to a later time, in particular coins of the 30s, were not taken into account. But as the facts show, information about the place of burial very quickly "leaked" to the masses, and therefore the burial ground could be repeatedly opened in search of possible values.
Another revelation is offered by the historian S. A. Belyaev, who believes that “the family of the Yekaterinburg merchant could be buried with imperial honors,” though without providing convincing arguments.
However, the conclusions of the investigation, which was carried out with unprecedented scrupulousness using the latest methods, with the participation of independent experts, are unequivocal: all 11 remains clearly correlate with each of those shot in the Ipatiev house. Common sense and logic dictates that it is not possible to accidentally duplicate such physical and genetic correspondences.
In December 2010, the final conference dedicated to the latest results of the examinations was held in Yekaterinburg. Reports were made by 4 groups of geneticists who worked independently in different countries. Opponents could also express their views official version, however, according to eyewitnesses, "having listened to the reports, they left the hall without saying a word."
The Russian Orthodox Church still does not recognize the authenticity of the "Ekaterinburg remains", but many representatives of the Romanov dynasty, judging by their statements in the press, accepted the final results of the investigation.
AT this case the conversation will be about those gentlemen, thanks to whom on the night of July 16-17, 1918 in Yekaterinburg there was a brutal the royal family of the Romanovs was killed. The name of these executioners is one - regicides. Some of them made the decision, while others carried it out. As a result, the Russian Emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna and their children, Grand Duchesses Anastasia, Maria, Olga, Tatyana and Tsarevich Alexei, died. Together with them, people from the service personnel were also shot. These are the personal cook of the family Ivan Mikhailovich Kharitonov, the chamber footman Alexei Egorovich Trupp, the room girl Anna Demidova and the family doctor Evgeny Sergeevich Botkin.
criminals
A terrible crime was preceded by a meeting of the Presidium of the Ural Council, which took place on July 12, 1918. It was on it that the decision was made to execute the royal family. A detailed plan was also developed for both the crime itself and the destruction of corpses, that is, the concealment of traces of the destruction of innocent people.
The meeting was headed by the chairman of the Ural Council, a member of the presidium of the regional committee of the RCP (b) Alexander Georgievich Beloborodov (1891-1938). Together with him, the decision was made by: the military commissar of Yekaterinburg Filipp Isaevich Goloshchekin (1876-1941), the chairman of the regional Cheka Fyodor Nikolaevich Lukoyanov (1894-1947), Chief Editor newspapers "Yekaterinburgsky Rabochiy" Georgy Ivanovich Safarov (1891-1942), Commissar of Supply of the Ural Council Pyotr Lazarevich Voikov (1888-1927), commandant of the "House of Special Purpose" Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky (1878-1938).
The Bolsheviks called the house of the engineer Ipatiev the "House of Special Purpose". It was in it that the Romanov royal family was kept in May-July 1918 after it was transported from Tobolsk to Yekaterinburg.
But you have to be a very naive person to think that middle-level executives took responsibility and independently made the most important political decision to execute the royal family. They found it possible only to coordinate it with the chairman of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov (1885-1919). This is how the Bolsheviks presented everything in their time.
Already somewhere, where, but in the Leninist party, discipline was ironclad. Decisions came only from the very top, and grass-roots employees unquestioningly executed them. Therefore, with all responsibility it can be argued that the instruction was given directly by Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, who was sitting in the silence of the Kremlin office. Naturally, he discussed this issue with Sverdlov and the chief Ural Bolshevik Evgeny Alekseevich Preobrazhensky (1886-1937).
The latter, of course, was aware of all the decisions, although he was absent from Yekaterinburg on the bloody date of the execution. At this time, he took part in the work of the V All-Russian Congress of Soviets in Moscow, and then departed for Kursk and returned to the Urals only in last days July 1918.
But, in any case, officially Ulyanov and Preobrazhensky cannot be blamed for the death of the Romanov family. Sverdlov bears indirect responsibility. After all, he imposed the resolution "agreed". A kind of soft-bodied leader. Resignedly took note of the decision of the grassroots organization and readily scribbled the usual replies on a piece of paper. Only a 5-year-old child can believe in this.
The royal family in the basement of the Ipatiev house before the execution
Now let's talk about performers. About those villains who carried out a terrible sacrilege by raising their hands against the anointed of God and his family. To date, accurate name list killer is unknown. No one can name the number of criminals. It is believed that the shooting took part Latvian Riflemen, since the Bolsheviks thought that the Russian soldiers would not shoot at the tsar and his family. Other researchers insist on the Hungarians who guarded the arrested Romanovs.
However, there are names that appear on all the lists of various researchers. This is the commandant of the "House of Special Purpose" Yakov Mikhailovich Yurovsky, who led the execution. His deputy Grigory Petrovich Nikulin (1895-1965). The commander of the guards of the royal family, Pyotr Zakharovich Ermakov (1884-1952) and an employee of the Cheka, Mikhail Aleksandrovich Medvedev (Kudrin) (1891-1964).
These four people took direct participation in the execution of representatives of the House of Romanov. They carried out the decision of the Ural Council. At the same time, they showed amazing cruelty, since they not only shot absolutely defenseless people, but also finished them off with bayonets, and then doused them with acid so that the bodies could not be recognized.
To each will be rewarded according to his deeds
Organizers
There is an opinion that God sees everything and punishes the villains for their deeds. The regicides belong to the most cruel part of the criminal elements. Their goal is to seize power. They go to her through the corpses, not at all embarrassed by this. At the same time, people are dying who are not at all to blame for the fact that they received their crowned title by inheritance. As for Nicholas II, this man was no longer emperor at the time of his death, since he voluntarily renounced the crown.
Moreover, there is no way to justify the death of his family and staff. What was driving the villains? Of course, rabid cynicism, disregard for human lives, lack of spirituality and rejection of Christian norms and rules. The most terrible thing is that, having committed a terrible crime, these gentlemen were proud of what they had done for the rest of their lives. They willingly told about everything to journalists, schoolchildren and just idle listeners.
But let's go back to God and see life path those who doomed innocent people to a terrible death for the sake of an irrepressible desire to command others.
Ulyanov and Sverdlov
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. We all know him as the leader of the world proletariat. However, this people's leader was spattered up to the top of his head with human blood. After the execution of the Romanovs, he lived for only 5 years. He died of syphilis, having lost his mind. This is the most terrible punishment of the heavenly forces.
Yakov Mikhailovich Sverdlov. He left this world at the age of 33, 9 months after the villainy committed in Yekaterinburg. In the city of Orel, he was severely beaten by workers. The very ones for whose rights he allegedly stood up for. With multiple fractures and injuries, he was taken to Moscow, where he died 8 days later.
These are the two main criminals directly responsible for the death of the Romanov family. The regicides were punished and died not at an advanced age, surrounded by children and grandchildren, but in the prime of life. As for the other organizers of villainy, here the heavenly forces delayed the punishment, but God's judgment still happened, giving everyone what they deserved.
Goloshchekin and Beloborodov (right)
Philip Isaevich Goloshchekin- the chief security officer of Yekaterinburg and the territories adjacent to it. It was he who went to Moscow at the end of June, where he received oral instructions from Sverdlov regarding the execution of crowned persons. After that, he returned to the Urals, where the Presidium of the Ural Council was hastily assembled, and a decision was made on the secret execution of the Romanovs.
In mid-October 1939, Philip Isaevich was arrested. He was accused of anti-state activities and an unhealthy attraction to little boys. This perverted gentleman was shot at the end of October 1941. Goloshchekin outlived the Romanovs by 23 years, but retribution still overtook him.
Chairman of the Ural Council Alexander Georgievich Beloborodov- at present, this is the chairman of the regional duma. It was he who led the meeting at which the decision was made to execute the royal family. His signature was next to the word "I approve". If we approach this issue officially, then it is he who bears the main responsibility for the murder of innocent people.
Beloborodov has been a member of the Bolshevik Party since 1907, having joined it as a minor boy after the 1905 revolution. In all the posts entrusted to him by his senior comrades, he showed himself to be an exemplary and diligent worker. The best proof of this is July 1918.
After the execution of the crowned persons, Alexander Georgievich soared very high. In March 1919, his candidacy was considered for the post of president of the young Soviet republic. But preference was given to Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (1875-1946), as he knew well peasant life, and our "hero" was born in a working-class family.
But the former chairman of the Ural Council was not offended. He was appointed head of the political department of the Red Army. In 1921, he became the deputy of Felix Dzherzhinesky, who headed people's commissariat internal affairs. In 1923 he succeeded him in this high post. True, further a brilliant career did not work out.
In December 1927, Beloborodov was removed from his post and exiled to Arkhangelsk. From 1930 he worked as a middle manager. In August 1936 he was arrested by the NKVD. In February 1938, by decision of the military board, Alexander Georgievich was shot. At the time of his death, he was 46 years old. After the death of the Romanovs, the main culprit did not live even 20 years. In 1938, his wife Yablonskaya Franciska Viktorovna was also shot.
Safarov and Voikov (right)
Georgy Ivanovich Safarov- Editor-in-Chief of the newspaper "Ekaterinburg Worker". This Bolshevik with pre-revolutionary experience was an ardent supporter of the execution of the Romanov family, although she did nothing wrong to him. He lived well until 1917 in France and Switzerland. He came to Russia together with Ulyanov and Zinoviev in a "sealed carriage".
After the committed villainy, he worked in Turkestan, and then in the executive committee of the Comintern. Then he became the editor-in-chief of Leningradskaya Pravda. In 1927 he was expelled from the party and sentenced to 4 years of exile in the city of Achinsk ( Krasnoyarsk region). In 1928, the party card was returned and again sent to work in the Comintern. But after the assassination of Sergei Kirov at the end of 1934, Safarov finally lost confidence.
He was again exiled to Achinsk, and in December 1936 he was sentenced to 5 years in the camps. From January 1937, Georgy Ivanovich served his sentence in Vorkuta. He performed the duties of a water carrier there. He walked in a prisoner's pea jacket, belted with a rope. The family abandoned him after the guilty verdict. For the former Bolshevik-Leninist, this was a heavy moral blow.
Safarov was not released after the end of his term. It was a difficult time, military, and someone apparently decided that Ulyanov's former ally had nothing to do in the rear of the Soviet troops. He was shot by decision of a special commission on July 27, 1942. This "hero" survived the Romanovs by 24 years and 10 days. He died at the age of 51, having lost both freedom and family at the end of his life.
Pyotr Lazarevich Voikov- the main supplier of the Urals. Worked closely food issues. And how could he get food in 1919? Naturally, he took them away from peasants and merchants who did not leave Yekaterinburg. With his tireless activity, he brought the region to complete impoverishment. The troops of the white army arrived well in time, otherwise people would begin to die of hunger.
This gentleman also came to Russia in a "sealed wagon", but not with Ulyanov, but with Anatoly Lunacharsky (the first people's commissar of education). Voikov was a Menshevik at first, but quickly figured out which way the wind was blowing. At the end of 1917, he broke with a shameful past and joined the RCP (b).
Pyotr Lazarevich not only raised his hand, voting for the death of the Romanovs, but also took an active part in hiding the traces of villainy. It was he who came up with the idea to douse the bodies with sulfuric acid. Since he was in charge of all the warehouses of the city, he personally signed the invoice for the receipt of this very acid. By his order, transport was also allocated for the transportation of bodies, shovels, picks, crowbars. The business manager is the main one, whatever you want.
Activities related to material values, Pyotr Lazarevich liked. From 1919 he worked consumer cooperation while holding the position of Deputy Chairman of the Central Union. Concurrently, he organized the sale of treasures of the Romanov dynasty abroad and museum valuables Diamond Fund, the Armory, private collections requisitioned from the exploiters.
Priceless works of art and jewelry went to the black market, as officially at that time with the young Soviet state nobody had a job. Hence the ridiculous prices that were given for items that had a unique historical value.
In October 1924, Voikov left as an envoy to Poland. It was already big politics, and Petr Lazarevich enthusiastically began to settle in a new field. But the poor guy was out of luck. On June 7, 1927, he was shot dead by Boris Kaverda (1907-1987). The Bolshevik terrorist fell at the hands of another terrorist belonging to the white émigré movement. Retribution came almost 9 years after the death of the Romanovs. At the time of his death, our next "hero" was 38 years old.
Fyodor Nikolaevich Lukoyanov- the chief Chekist of the Urals. He voted for the execution of the royal family, therefore he is one of the organizers of villainy. But in subsequent years, this "hero" did not show himself in any way. The point is that since 1919 he began to be tormented by bouts of schizophrenia. Therefore, Fedor Nikolaevich devoted his entire life to journalism. He worked in various newspapers, and died in 1947 at the age of 53, 29 years after the murder of the Romanov family.
Performers
As for the direct perpetrators of the bloody crime, God's court treated them much milder than the organizers. They were forced people and just carried out the order. Therefore, they are less to blame. At least that's what you might think if you trace the fateful path of each criminal.
The main perpetrator of the terrible murder of defenseless women and men, as well as a sick boy. He boasted that he personally shot Nicholas II. However, his subordinates also claimed this role.
Yakov Yurovsky
After the crime, he was taken to Moscow and sent to work in the organs of the Cheka. Then, after the liberation of Yekaterinburg from the White troops, Yurovsky returned to the city. Received the post of Chief Chekist of the Urals.
In 1921 he was transferred to the Gokhran and began to live in Moscow. Engaged in the accounting of material values. After that, he worked a little in the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs.
In 1923, a sharp decline. Yakov Mikhailovich was appointed director of the Krasny Bogatyr plant. That is, our hero began to lead the release rubber shoes: boots, galoshes, boots. A rather strange profile after the KGB and financial activities.
In 1928, Yurovsky was transferred as director of the Polytechnic Museum. This is a long building near the Bolshoi Theatre. In 1938, the main perpetrator of the assassination died of an ulcer at the age of 60. He outlived his victims by 20 years and 16 days.
But apparently the regicides bring a curse on their offspring. This "hero" had three children. Eldest daughter Rimma Yakovlevna (1898-1980) and two younger sons.
The daughter joined the Bolshevik Party in 1917 and headed the youth organization (Komsomol) of Yekaterinburg. Since 1926, in the party work. did good career in this field in the city of Voronezh in 1934-1937. Then she was transferred to Rostov-on-Don, where she was arrested in 1938. She stayed in the camps until 1946.
Sat in prison and son Alexander Yakovlevich (1904-1986). He was arrested in 1952, but, however, was soon released. But trouble happened with the grandchildren and granddaughters. All the boys tragically died. Two fell from the roof of the house, two burned down during the fire. The girls died in infancy. Yurovsky's niece Maria suffered the most. She had 11 children. Before adolescence only 1 boy survived. The mother abandoned him. The child was adopted by strangers.
Concerning Nikulin, Ermakova and Medvedev (Kudrin), then these gentlemen lived to old age. They worked, were honorably retired, and then buried with dignity. But regicides always get what they deserve. This trio escaped their well-deserved punishment on earth, but there is still judgment in heaven.
Grave of Grigory Petrovich Nikulin
After death, each soul rushes to heavenly places, hoping that the angels will let her into the kingdom of heaven. So the souls of the killers rushed to the Light. But then a dark personality appeared in front of each of them. She politely took the sinner by the elbow and unambiguously nodded in the opposite direction from Paradise.
There, in the heavenly haze, a black pharynx was visible in the Underworld. And next to him were disgusting grinning faces, nothing like heavenly angels. These are devils, and they have one job - to put a sinner on a hot frying pan and fry him forever on a slow fire.
In conclusion, it should be noted that violence always breeds violence. The one who commits a crime becomes a victim of the criminals himself. Vivid proof of this is the fate of the regicides, about which we have tried to tell in as much detail as possible in our sad story.
Egor Laskutnikov
