There was no execution of the Romanov family. The last royal family

Alyosha Romanov, heir to the throne, became People's Commissar Alexei Kosygin

royal family was separated in 1918, but not shot.
Maria Feodorovna left for Germany, and Nicholas II and the heir to the throne Alexei
remained hostages in Russia

In April of this year, the Rosarkhiv, which was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture, was reassigned directly to the head of state. The change in status was explained by the special state value of the materials stored there. While experts were wondering what all this would mean, a historical investigation appeared in the newspaper “President” registered on the platform of the Presidential Administration. Its essence lies in the fact that no one shot the royal family. They all lived long life, and Tsarevich Alexei even made a nomenclature career in the USSR.

The transformation of Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov into Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin was first discussed during perestroika. They referred to a leak from the party archive. The information was taken as historical anecdote, although the thought - and suddenly the truth - stirred in many. After all, no one saw the remains of the royal family then, and rumors about them miraculous rescue there were always a lot. And suddenly, on you - a publication about the life of the royal family after imaginary execution comes out in a publication that is as far from the pursuit of sensation as possible.
- Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house? It turns out yes! - writes the historian Sergei Zhelenkov to the newspaper "President". - There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by the revolutionaries, dug to her underground passage. During the destruction of the house by Boris Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into the tunnel that no one knew about.

Left hostage

What grounds did the Bolsheviks have to save the life of the royal family?
Researchers Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers published in 1979 the book The Romanov Case, or the Execution That Wasn't. They began with the fact that in 1978 the 60-year-old secrecy stamp from the Brest Peace Treaty signed in 1918 expires, and it would be interesting to look into the declassified archives. The first thing they dug up were telegrams from the British ambassador announcing that the Bolsheviks had evacuated the royal family from Yekaterinburg to Perm.
According to agents British intelligence in the army of Alexander Kolchak, entering Yekaterinburg on July 25, 1918, the admiral immediately appointed an investigator in the case of the execution of the royal family. Three months later, Captain Nametkin put a report on his desk, where he said that instead of being shot, it was his staging. Not believing, Kolchak appointed a second investigator Sergeev and soon got the same results.
In parallel with them, the commission of Captain Malinovsky worked, who in June 1919 gave the following instructions to the third investigator Nikolai Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the august family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are simulated murder.
Admiral Kolchak, who had already proclaimed himself supreme ruler Russia did not need a living tsar at all, so Sokolov receives very clear instructions - to find evidence of the death of the emperor.
Sokolov does not think of anything better than to say: "The bodies were thrown into the mine, filled with acid."
Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers felt that the solution must be sought in the Treaty on Brest world. However, his full text not in the declassified archives of London or Berlin. And they came to the conclusion that there are points relating to the royal family.
Probably, Emperor Wilhelm II, who was a close relative of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, demanded that all august women be transferred to Germany. The girls had no rights to the Russian throne and, therefore, could not threaten the Bolsheviks. The men, on the other hand, remained hostages - as guarantors that the German army would not go to St. Petersburg and Moscow.
This explanation seems quite logical. Especially if you remember that the tsar was overthrown not by the Reds, but by their own liberal-minded aristocracy, the bourgeoisie and the top of the army. The Bolsheviks did not have much hatred for Nicholas II. He did not threaten them with anything, but at the same time he was an excellent trump card in the sleeve and a good bargaining chip in negotiations.
In addition, Lenin was well aware that Nicholas II was a chicken, capable, if shaken well, to demolish a lot of things that the young man needed so much. Soviet state golden eggs. After all, the secrets of many family and state deposits in Western banks were kept in the head of the king. Later these riches Russian Empire were used for industrialization.

In the cemetery in the Italian village of Marcotta, there was a gravestone on which Princess Olga Nikolaevna, the eldest daughter of the Russian Tsar Nicholas II, rested. In 1995, the grave, under the pretext of non-payment of rent, was destroyed, and the ashes were transferred

Life after death"

If you believe the newspaper "President", in the KGB of the USSR on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate there was a special department that monitored all the movements of the royal family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR:
“Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the royal family and came there to meet with the emperor. In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin, which was confirmed by General Vatov, who served in the guards of Joseph Vissarionovich.
According to the newspaper, to honor the memory last emperor, monarchists can go to Nizhny Novgorod to the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on 12/26/1958. The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder Grigory served the burial service and buried the sovereign.
Much more surprising is the fate of the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich. Over time, he, like many others, came to terms with the revolution and came to the conclusion that one must serve the Fatherland regardless of one's own interests. political opinions. However, he had no other choice.
Historian Sergei Zhelenkov cites a lot of evidence of the transformation of Tsarevich Alexei into the Red Army soldier Kosygin. In the thundering years of the Civil War, and even under the cover of the Cheka, it really was not difficult to do this. Much more interesting later career. Stalin considered a great future in the young man and far-sightedly moved along the economic line. Not according to the party.
In 1942, the authorized State Committee defense in besieged Leningrad, Kosygin led the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. Alexey walked along Ladoga many times on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the lake well, therefore he organized the Road of Life to supply the city.
In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by Malenkov, Kosygin "miraculously" survived. Stalin, who called him a prince in front of everyone, sent Alexei Nikolaevich on a long trip to Siberia in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, to improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products.
Kosygin was so removed from internal party affairs that he retained his positions after the death of his patron. Khrushchev and Brezhnev needed a good proven business executive, as a result, Kosygin served as head of government for the longest time in the history of the Russian Empire, the USSR and Russian Federation- 16 years.

There was no memorial service

As for the wife of Nicholas II and daughters, their trace cannot be called lost either.
In the 90s, the Italian newspaper La Repubblica published an article about the death of a nun, sister Pascalina Lenart, who from 1939 to 1958 held an important post under Pope Pius XII. Before her death, she called a notary and told that Olga Romanova, daughter of Nicholas II, was not shot by the Bolsheviks, but lived a long life under the auspices of the Vatican and was buried in a cemetery in the village of Marcotte in northern Italy. The journalists who went to the indicated address actually found a slab on the graveyard, where it was written in German: "Olga Nikolaevna, the eldest daughter of the Russian Tsar Nikolai Romanov, 1895 - 1976."
In this regard, the question arises: who was buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Cathedral? President Boris Yeltsin assured the public that these were the remains of the royal family. And here is the Russian Orthodox Church then refused to acknowledge this fact. Let's remember that
in Sofia, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Most High Family, Vladyka Feofan, who fled from the horrors of the revolution, lived. He never served a memorial service for the august family and said that the royal family was alive!

Golden five-year plan

The result of the developed Alexey Kosygin economic reforms was the so-called Golden Eighth Five-Year Plan of 1966-1970. Over this time:
- national income increased by 42 percent,
- the volume of gross industrial output increased by 51 percent,
- profitability Agriculture increased by 21 percent
- the formation of the United energy system the European part of the USSR, a unified energy system was created Central Siberia,
- the development of the Tyumen oil and gas complex began,
- the Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk and Saratov hydroelectric power stations, Pridneprovskaya GRES came into operation,
- the West-Siberian Metallurgical and Karaganda Metallurgical Plants started working,
- the first Zhiguli were released,
- Provision of the population with televisions has doubled, with washing machines - by two and a half, refrigerators - by three times.

23.02.2015

Royal Family: real life after an imaginary shooting

History, like a corrupt girl, lies under every new "". So, the newest history of our country has been rewritten many times. "Responsible" and "unbiased" historians rewrote biographies and changed the fate of people in the Soviet and post-Soviet period.
But today, access to many is open. serves only . What bit by bit gets to people does not leave indifferent those who live in Russia. Those who want to be proud of their country and raise their children as patriots of their native land.
In Russia, historians are a dime a dozen. If you throw a stone, you will almost always hit one of them. But only 14 years have passed, and no one can establish the real history of the last century.
Modern henchmen of Miller and Baer rob Russians in all directions. Either, mocking Russian traditions, they will start a carnival in February, or they will bring an outright criminal under the Nobel Prize.
And then we: why is it in the country with the richest resources and cultural heritage, such poor people?

Abdication of Nicholas II

Emperor Nicholas II from the Throne. This act is a "fake". It was compiled and printed on a typewriter by the Quartermaster General of the Headquarters of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief A.S. Lukomsky and the representative of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs at the General Staff N.I. Basili.
This printed text was signed on March 2, 1917, not by Sovereign Nicholas II Alexandrovich Romanov, but by the Minister Imperial Court, Adjutant General, Baron Boris Frederiks.
After 4 days, the Orthodox Tsar was betrayed by the top of the Russian Orthodox Church, misleading the whole of Russia by the fact that, seeing this fake act, the clergy passed him off as a real one. And they transmitted by telegraph to the entire Empire and beyond its borders that the Sovereign supposedly abdicated the Throne!
March 6, 1917 Holy Synod The Russian Orthodox Church listened to two reports. The first is the act of "renunciation" of the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II for himself and for his son from the Throne of the State of Russia, which took place on March 2, 1917, and about his resignation supreme power. The second is the act on March 3, 1917 on the refusal of Grand Duke Mikhail Alexandrovich of the perception of the Supreme Power.
After the hearings, until the establishment in the Constituent Assembly of the form of government and the new fundamental laws of the Russian State, it was ORDERED:
« The aforementioned acts shall be taken into account and executed and declared in all Orthodox churches, in urban areas - on the first day after receiving the text of these acts, and in rural areas - on the first Sunday or holiday, after the Divine Liturgy, with the performance of a prayer to the Lord God for the appeasement of passions, with the proclamation of many years to the God-protected Power of the Russian and its Blessed Provisional Government».
And although the top of the Russian generals for the most part consisted of Jews, but the average officer corps and a few higher ranks generals, such as Fyodor Arturovich Keller, did not believe this fake and decided to go to the rescue.
From that moment on, the Army began, which turned into a Civil War!
The priesthood and the whole of Russian society split.
But the Rothschilds achieved the main thing - they removed Her Legitimate Sovereign from governing the country, and began to finish off Russia.
After the revolution, all the bishops and priests who betrayed the Tsar suffered death or dispersion around the world for perjury before the Orthodox Tsar.
On May 1, 1919, the Presovnarkom signed a document still hidden from the people:
Chairman of the V. Ch. K. No. 13666/2 comrade. Dzerzhinsky F. E. INSTRUCTION: “In accordance with the decision of V. Ts. I. K. and the Council of People's Commissars, it is necessary to put an end to priests and religion as soon as possible. Priests must be arrested as counter-revolutionaries and saboteurs, shot mercilessly and everywhere. And as much as possible. Churches are to be closed. Temple premises to be sealed and turned into warehouses.
Chairman V. Ts. I. K. Kalinin, Chairman of the Sov. nar. Komissarov Ulyanov /Lenin/.

Kill simulation

There is a lot of information about the Sovereign's stay with his family in prison and exile, about his stay in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, and it is quite truthful.
But what happened next is the most amazing thing.
Was there a shooting? Or perhaps it was staged? Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house?
It turns out yes!
There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner, in case of capture by revolutionaries, dug an underground passage to it. During the destruction of the house by Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into a tunnel that no one knew about.
Thanks to Stalin and the officers of the General Staff, the Royal Family was taken to different Russian provinces, with the blessing of the Metropolitan ().
On July 22, 1918, Evgenia Popel received the keys to the empty house and sent a telegram to her husband, N. N. Ipatiev, to the village of Nikolskoye about the possibility of returning to the city.
In connection with the offensive of the White Guard Army, Soviet institutions were evacuated in Yekaterinburg. Documents, property and valuables were taken out, including those of the Romanov family (!).
On July 25, the city was occupied and.
Strong excitement spread among the officers when it became known in what condition the Ipatiev house was, where the Tsar's Family lived. Who was free from service, went to the house, everyone wanted to take an active part in clarifying the question: “where are They?”.
Some were inspecting the house, breaking down the boarded-up doors; others sorted things and papers that were lying around; the third, raked the ashes from the furnaces. Fourth, scoured the yard and garden, looking into all cellars and cellars. Everyone acted independently, not trusting each other and trying to find an answer to the question that worried everyone.
While the officers were inspecting the rooms, people who came to profit, took away a lot of abandoned property, which was then found in the market and flea markets.
The head of the garrison, major general, appointed a special commission of officers, mostly cadets of the Academy General Staff, chaired by Colonel Sherekhovsky. Which was instructed to deal with the finds in the Ganina Yama area: local peasants, raking up recent fires, found charred items from the Tsar's wardrobe, including a cross with precious stones.
Captain Malinovsky received an order to survey the area. July 30, taking with him Sheremetevsky, an investigator for important cases Yekaterinburg District Court A.P. Nametkin, several officers, the doctor of the Heir - V.N. and the servant of the Sovereign - T.I. Chemodurov, went there.
Thus began the investigation into the disappearance of Sovereign Nicholas II, the Empress, Tsesarevich and the Great.
The Malinovsky Commission lasted about a week. But it was she who determined the area of all subsequent investigative actions in Yekaterinburg and its environs. It was she who found witnesses to the cordon of the Koptyakovskaya road around Ganina Yama by the Red Army. I found those who saw a suspicious convoy that passed from Yekaterinburg into the cordon and back. I got evidence of destruction there, in the fires near the mines of things.
After the entire staff of the officers went to, Sherekhovsky divided the team into two parts. One, headed by Malinovsky, examined the Ipatiev house, the other, led by Lieutenant Sheremetevsky, took up the inspection of Ganina Yama.
When inspecting the Ipatiev house, the officers of the Malinovsky group managed to establish almost all the main facts in a week, on which the investigation then relied.
A year after the investigations, Malinovsky, in June 1919, showed Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the August family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are a simulation of a murder.”

At the scene

On July 28, A.P. Nametkin was invited to the headquarters, and from the side of the military authorities, since the civil authorities had not yet been formed, it was proposed to investigate the case of the Family. After that, they began to inspect the Ipatiev House. Doctor Derevenko and old man Chemodurov were invited to participate in the identification of things; Professor of the Academy of the General Staff, Lieutenant General Medvedev, took part as an expert.
On July 30, Aleksey Pavlovich Nametkin participated in the inspection of the mine and fires near Ganina Yama. After the inspection, the Koptyakovsky peasant handed over to Captain Politkovsky a huge diamond, recognized by Chemodurov, who was right there, as a jewel, owned by Alexandra Fedorovna.
Nametkin, inspecting the Ipatiev house from August 2 to 8, had publications of resolutions of the Ural Council and the Presidium of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee, which informed Nicholas II.
Inspection of the building, traces of shots and signs of spilled blood confirmed known fact – possible death people in this house.
As for the other results of the inspection of the Ipatiev house, they left an unexpected impression of its inhabitants.
On August 5, 6, 7, 8, Nametkin continued to inspect the Ipatiev house, described the state of the rooms where Nikolai Alexandrovich, Alexandra Fedorovna, the Tsarevich and the Grand Duchesses were kept. During the inspection, I found many small things that belonged, according to the valet T. I. Chemodurov and the doctor of the Heir V. N. Derevenko, to members of the Family.
Being an experienced investigator, Nametkin, after examining the scene of the incident, stated that an imitation of an execution took place in the Ipatiev House, and that not a single member of the Royal Family was shot there.
He repeated his data officially in , where he gave an interview on this topic to foreign, mainly American correspondents. Declaring that he had evidence that the Royal Family was not killed on the night of July 16-17, and was going to make these documents public soon.
But he was forced to hand over the investigation.

War with investigators

On August 7, 1918, a meeting of the branches of the Yekaterinburg District Court was held, where, unexpectedly for the prosecutor Kutuzov, contrary to agreements with the chairman of the court, Glasson, the Yekaterinburg District Court, by a majority of votes, decided to transfer the “case of the former Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II”, to a member of the court Ivan Aleksandrovich Sergeev.
After the transfer of the case, the house where he rented the premises was burned, which led to the death of the investigator.
The main difference in the work of a detective at the scene lies in what is not in the laws and textbooks, in order to plan further activities for each of the significant circumstances discovered. That is why their replacement is harmful, because with the departure of the former investigator, his plan to unravel the tangle of riddles disappears.
On August 13, A.P. Nametkin handed over the case to I.A. Sergeev on 26 numbered sheets. And after the capture of Yekaterinburg by the Bolsheviks, Nametkin.
Sergeev was aware of the complexity of what lay ahead.
He understood that the main thing was to find the bodies of the dead. Indeed, in forensic science there is a rigid setting: "no corpse - no murder." He had great expectations for the expedition to Ganina Yama, where they searched the area very carefully and pumped out water from the mines. But ... they found only a severed finger and a prosthesis of the upper jaw. True, the “corpse” was also removed, but it was the corpse of the dog of the Great Anastasia.
In addition, there are witnesses who saw former empress and her children in Perm.
The doctor Derevenko, who treated the Heir, like Botkin, who accompanied the Royal Family in Tobolsk and Yekaterinburg, testifies over and over again that the unidentified corpses delivered to him are not the Tsar and not the Heir, since the Tsar on his head / skull / should have a trace from a blow from the Japanese sabers in 1891
The clergy also knew about the release of the Family: Patriarch St. Tikhon.

The life of the royal family after the "death"

In the KGB of the USSR, on the basis of the 2nd Main Directorate, he was watching all the movements of the Royal Family and their descendants across the territory of the USSR. Whether someone likes it or not, this will have to be taken into account, and, consequently, Russia's future policy should be reconsidered.
Daughters Olga (she lived under the name Natalia) and Tatyana were in the Diveevsky Monastery, disguised as nuns, and sang in the kliros of the Trinity Church. From there, Tatyana moved to the Krasnodar Territory, got married and lived in the Apsheron and Mostovsky districts. She was buried on September 21, 1992 in the village of Solyonoye, Mostovsky District.
Olga, through Uzbekistan, went to Afghanistan with the emir of Bukhara, Seyid Alim-Khan (1880 - 1944). From there - to Finland to Vyrubova. Since 1956, she lived in Vyritsa under the name of Natalya Mikhailovna Evstigneeva, where she rested in Bose on 01/16/1976 (11/15/2011 from the grave of V.K. Olga, Her fragrant relics were partially stolen by one possessed, but were returned to Kazansky).
On October 6, 2012, her remaining relics were removed from the grave in the cemetery, added to the stolen ones and reburied near the Kazan Church.
The daughters of Nicholas II Maria and (lived as Alexandra Nikolaevna Tugareva) were for some time in the Glinskaya Hermitage. Then Anastasia moved to the Volgograd (Stalingrad) region and got married on the Tugarev farm in the Novoanninsky district. From there she moved to St. Panfilovo, where she was buried on 06/27/1980. And her husband Vasily Evlampievich Peregudov died defending Stalingrad in January 1943. Maria moved to Nizhny Novgorod region to the village of Arefino there and was buried on May 27, 1954.
Metropolitan John (Snychev, d. 1995) took care of Anastasia's daughter Yulia in Samara, and together with Archimandrite John (Maslov, d. 1991) took care of Tsarevich Alexei. Archpriest Vasily (Shvets, d. 2011) took care of his daughter Olga (Natalia). The son of the youngest daughter of Nicholas II - Anastasia - Mikhail Vasilyevich Peregudov (1924 - 2001), having come from the front, worked as an architect, according to his project was built Train Station in Stalingrad-Volgograd!
Brother of the King Grand Duke Mikhail Aleksandrovich also managed to escape from Perm right under the noses of the Cheka. At first he lived in Belogorye, and then moved to Vyritsa, where he rested in Bose in 1948.
Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna until 1927 was on Royal dacha(Vvedensky Skete of Serafimo Ponetaevsky Monastery, Nizhny Novgorod Region). And at the same time she visited Kyiv, Moscow, St. Petersburg, Sukhumi. Alexandra Feodorovna took the name Xenia (in honor of St. Xenia Grigoryevna of Petersburg /Petrova 1732 - 1803/).
In 1899, Tsarina Alexandra Feodorovna wrote a prophetic:

"In the solitude and silence of the monastery,
Where angels fly
Far from temptation and sin
She lives, whom everyone considers dead.
Everyone thinks she already lives
In Divine.
She steps behind the walls
Submissive to your increased faith!”

The Empress met with Stalin, who told her the following: "Live in peace in the city of Starobelsk, but there is no need to interfere in politics."
Stalin's patronage saved her when local security officers started criminal cases against her.
Money transfers were regularly received in the name of the Queen from France and Japan. The Empress received them and donated them to four kindergartens. This was confirmed by the former manager of the Starobelsky branch of the State Bank Ruf Leontievich Shpilyov and the chief accountant Klokolov.
she needleworked, making blouses, scarves, and straws were sent to her from Japan to make hats. All this was done by order of local fashionistas.

Empress Alexandra Feodorovna

In 1931, the Tsaritsa appeared at the Starobelsky regional department of the GPU and stated that she had 185,000 marks in the Berlin Reichsbank, and 300,000 dollars in the Chicago bank. All these funds she wants to transfer to the disposal of Soviet government provided that it will ensure her old age.
The statement of the Empress was forwarded to the GPU of the Ukrainian SSR, which instructed the so-called "Credit Bureau" to negotiate with foreign countries about receiving these deposits!
In 1942, Starobelsk was occupied, on the same day she was invited to breakfast with Colonel General Kleist, who suggested that she move to Berlin, to which the Tsaritsa answered with dignity: “I am Russian and I want to die in my homeland.” Then she she was offered to choose any house in the city that she wished: it would not be good, they say, for such a person to huddle in a cramped dugout. But she refused that too.
The only thing she agreed to was to use the services of German doctors. , the commandant of the city nevertheless ordered a sign to be installed at the Empress's dwelling with an inscription in Russian and German: "Do not disturb Her Majesty."
What she was very happy about, because in her dugout behind the screen were ... wounded Soviet tankers.
German was very helpful. The tankers managed to get out, and they safely crossed the front line. Taking advantage of the favor of the authorities, Tsaritsa Alexandra Feodorovna saved many prisoners of war and local residents who were threatened with reprisals.
From 1927 until her death in 1948, Empress Alexandra Feodorovna lived in the city of Starobelsk, Lugansk region, under her name. She took monastic vows with the name of Alexandra at the Starobelsk Holy Trinity Monastery.

Kosygin - Tsarevich Alexei

- became Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (1904 - 1980). Twice Hero of the Socialist Labor (1964, 1974). Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Sun of Peru. In 1935, he graduated from the Leningrad Textile Institute. In 1938, head. department of the Leningrad regional party committee, chairman of the executive committee of the Leningrad City Council.
Wife Claudia Andreevna Krivosheina (1908 - 1967) - niece of A. A. Kuznetsov. Daughter Lyudmila (1928 - 1990) was married to Jermen Mikhailovich Gvishiani (1928 - 2003). The son of Mikhail Maksimovich (1905 - 1966) since 1928 in the State Pedagogical Department of Internal Affairs of Georgia. In 1937-38. deputy Chairman of the Tbilisi City Executive Committee. In 1938, the 1st deputy. People's Commissar of the NKVD of Georgia. In 1938 - 1950. early UNKVDUNKGBUMGB Primorsky Krai. In 1950 - 1953 early UMGB of the Kuibyshev region. Grandchildren Tatyana and Alexey.
The Kosygin family was friends with the families of the writer Sholokhov, the composer Khachaturian, and the rocket designer Chelomey.
In 1940 - 1960. - Deputy prev. Council of People's Commissars - Council of Ministers of the USSR. In 1941 - Deputy. prev. Council for the evacuation of industry in eastern regions THE USSR. From January to July 1942 - authorized by the State Defense Committee in the besieged Leningrad. Participated in the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoye Selo. The prince walked along Ladoga on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the Lake well, therefore he organized the "Road of Life" through the Lake to supply the city.
Nikolayevich created an electronics center in Zelenograd, but enemies in the Politburo did not allow him to bring this idea to fruition. And today Russia is forced to buy household appliances and computers all over the world.
The Sverdlovsk Region produced everything from strategic missiles to bacteriological weapons, and was filled underground cities, hiding under the indices "Sverdlovsk-42", and there were more than two hundred such "Sverdlovsk".
He helped, as he expanded the borders at the expense of the lands of the Arabs.
He brought to life projects for the development of gas and oil fields in Siberia.
But the Jews, the members, made the export of crude oil and gas the main line of the budget - instead of the export of processed products, as Kosygin (Romanov) wanted.
In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by G. M. Malenkov, Kosygin miraculously survived. During the investigation, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, "organized Kosygin's long trip to Siberia, in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products." Stalin coordinated this business trip with Mikoyan in time, because he was poisoned and from the beginning of August until the end of December 1950 lay in the country, miraculously remaining alive!
In his treatment of Alexei, Stalin affectionately called him "Kosyga", since he was his nephew. Sometimes Stalin called him Tsarevich in front of everyone.
In the 60s. Tsarevich Alexei, realizing the inefficiency existing system, proposed a transition from the social economy to the real one. Keep records of sold, not manufactured products as the main indicator of the efficiency of enterprises, etc. Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov normalized relations between the USSR and China during the conflict on about. Damansky, having met in Beijing at the airport with Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai.
Alexei Nikolaevich visited the Venevsky Monastery Tula region and communicated with nun Anna, who was in touch with the entire royal family. He even gave her a diamond ring once, for clear predictions. And shortly before his death, he came to her, and she told him that He would die on December 18!
The death of the Tsarevich coincided with the birthday of L. I. Brezhnev on December 18, 1980, and these days the country did not know that it was a dacha, on the territory of the Vvedensky Skete of the Seraphim-Ponetaevsky Monastery. Now only the former baptismal remained from the Skit. It was closed in 1927 by the NKVD forces. This was preceded by general searches, after which all the nuns were moved to different monasteries in Arzamas and Ponetaevka. And icons, jewelry, bells and other property were taken to Moscow.
In the 20 - 30s. Nicholas II stayed in Diveevo at st. Arzamasskaya, 16, in the house of Alexandra Ivanovna Grashkina - schema nun Dominica (1906 - 2009).
Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the Royal Family and came there to meet with the Emperor and his cousin Nicholas II.
In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin with Stalin, as confirmed by General Vatov (d. 2004), who served in Stalin's guard.
Marshal Mannerheim, having become the President of Finland, immediately left the war, as he secretly communicated with the Emperor. And in the office of Mannerheim hung a portrait of Nicholas II. Confessor of the Royal Family since 1912 Fr. Aleksey (Kibardin, 1882 - 1964), living in Vyritsa, who arrived there from Finland in 1956 on a permanent basis. the eldest daughter of the Tsar - Olga.
In Sofia after the revolution, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Highest Family Vladyka Feofan (Bystrov) lived.
Vladyka never served a memorial service for the August Family and told his cell-attendant that the Royal Family was alive! And even in April 1931, he traveled to Paris to meet with Sovereign Nicholas II and with the people who freed the Royal Family from imprisonment. Vladyka Feofan also said that over time the Romanov family would be restored, but through the female line.

Expertise

Head Department of Biology, Ural medical academy Oleg Makeev said: “Genetic examination after 90 years is not only difficult due to the changes that have occurred in the bone, but also cannot give absolute result even when done carefully. , used in studies already conducted, is still not recognized as evidence by any court in the world.
A foreign expert commission to investigate the fate of the Royal Family, established in 1989, chaired by Pyotr Nikolayevich Koltypin-Vallovsky, ordered a study by scientists from Stanford University and received data on the inconsistency of the DNA of the “Yekaterinburg”.
The Commission provided for DNA analysis a fragment of the finger of V. K. St. Elizabeth Feodorovna, whose relics are kept in the Temple of Mary in Jerusalem.
« The sisters and their children must have identical mitochondrial DNA, but the results of the analysis of the remains of Elizaveta Feodorovna do not correspond to the previously published DNA of the alleged remains of Alexandra Feodorovna and her daughters, ”such was the conclusion of the scientists.
The experiment was conducted by an international team of scientists led by Dr. Alec Knight, a molecular systematist at Stanford University, with the participation of geneticists from Eastern Michigan University, Los Alamos National Laboratory, with the participation of Dr. Leo, an employee of the Institute of General Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
After the death of an organism, DNA begins to rapidly decompose, (cut) into parts, and the more time passes, the more these parts are shortened. After 80 years, without creation special conditions, DNA segments longer than 200 - 300 nucleotides are not preserved. And in 1994, during the analysis, a segment of 1.223 nucleotides was isolated».
Thus, Peter Koltypin-Vallovskoy emphasized: “ Geneticists again denied the results of an examination conducted in 1994 in the British laboratory, on the basis of which it was concluded that the “Ekaterinburg remains” belonged to Tsar Nicholas II and his Family».
Japanese scientists presented to the Moscow Patriarchate the results of their research in relation to "Ekaterinburg".
On December 7, 2004, Bishop Alexander of Dmitrov, vicar of the Moscow Diocese, met with Dr. Tatsuo Nagai in the MP building. Doctor biological sciences, Professor, Director of the Department of Forensic and Scientific Medicine, Kitazato University (Japan). Since 1987, he has been working at Kitazato University, he is Vice Dean of the Joint School of Medical Sciences, Director and Professor of the Department of Clinical Hematology and the Department forensic medicine. Published 372 scientific papers and delivered 150 presentations at international medical conferences in various countries. Member Royal Society medicine in London.
He carried out the identification of the mitochondrial DNA of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II. During the assassination attempt on Tsarevich Nicholas II in Japan in 1891, his handkerchief was left there, which was applied to the wound. It turned out that the structures of DNA from the cuts in 1998 in the first case differ from the structure of DNA in both the second and third cases. led by a doctor research group took a sample of dried sweat from the clothes of Nicholas II, stored in the Catherine Palace, and made his mitochondrial analysis.
In addition, mitochondrial DNA analysis of hair, mandibular bone and nails was performed. thumb buried in the Peter and Paul Cathedral V. K. Georgy Alexandrovich, younger brother. I compared DNA from the cuts of bones buried in 1998 in Peter and Paul Fortress, with blood samples of the native nephew of Emperor Nicholas II Tikhon Nikolaevich, as well as with sweat and blood samples of Tsar Nicholas II himself.
Dr. Nagai's conclusions: "We got results different from those obtained by Drs. Peter Gill and Pavel Ivanov on five points."

Glorification of the King

(Finkelstein, d. 2000), being the mayor of St. Petersburg, he committed a monstrous crime - he issued death certificates for Nicholas II and members of his family to Leonida Georgievna. He issued certificates in 1996 without even waiting for the conclusions of Nemtsov's "official commission".
The “protection of the rights and legitimate interests” of the “Imperial House” in Russia began in 1995 by the late Leonida Georgievna, who, on behalf of her daughter, the “Head of the Russian Imperial House”, applied for state registration of the death of members of the Imperial House killed in 1918-1919. and the issuance of death certificates.
On December 1, 2005, an application was submitted to the Prosecutor General's Office for the "rehabilitation of Emperor Nicholas II and members of his family." This application was submitted on behalf of "Princess" Maria Vladimirovna by her lawyer G. Yu. Lukyanov, who replaced Sobchak in this post.
The glorification of the Royal Church, although it took place under (Alexy II) at the Council of Bishops, was just a cover for the "consecration" of Solomon's temple.
After all, the king in the face can only glorify Local Council. Because the Tsar is the spokesman of the Spirit of the whole people, and not just of the Priesthood. That is why the decision of the Bishops' Council of 2000 must be approved by the Local Council.
According to the ancients, saints can be glorified after healing from various ailments occurs on their graves. After that, it is checked how this or that ascetic lived. If he lived a righteous life, then healing comes from God. If not, then such healings are done by the Bes, and then they will turn into new diseases.
In order to be convinced from your own experience, you need to go to the grave of Emperor Nicholas II, in Nizhny Novgorod, at the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on December 26, 1958.
The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder and priest (Dolbunov, d. 1996) buried and buried the Sovereign Emperor Nicholas II.
Whoever the Lord vouchsafes to go to the grave and be healed, he can be convinced by his own experience.
It is yet to be done at the federal level.
Sergey Zhelenkov

We do not claim the reliability of all the facts that are presented in this article, however, the arguments that are given below are very curious.

There was no execution of the royal family.Alyosha Romanov, heir to the throne, became People's Commissar Alexei Kosygin.
The royal family was separated in 1918, but not shot. Maria Feodorovna left for Germany, while Nicholas II and the heir to the throne Alexei remained hostages in Russia.

In April of this year, the Rosarkhiv, which was under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Culture, was reassigned directly to the head of state. The change in status was explained by the special state value of the materials stored there. While experts were wondering what all this would mean, a historical investigation appeared in the newspaper “President” registered on the platform of the Presidential Administration. Its essence lies in the fact that no one shot the royal family. All of them lived a long life, and Tsarevich Alexei even made a nomenclature career in the USSR.

- Was it possible to escape or be taken out of the Ipatiev house? It turns out yes! - writes the historian Sergei Zhelenkov to the newspaper "President". - There was a factory nearby. In 1905, the owner dug an underground passage to it in case of capture by the revolutionaries. During the destruction of the house by Boris Yeltsin, after the decision of the Politburo, the bulldozer fell into the tunnel that no one knew about.

STALIN often called KOSYGIN (left) a prince in front of everyone

Left hostage

What grounds did the Bolsheviks have to save the life of the royal family?

Researchers Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers published in 1979 the book The Romanov Case, or the Execution That Wasn't. They began with the fact that in 1978 the 60-year-old secrecy stamp from the Brest Peace Treaty signed in 1918 expires, and it would be interesting to look into the declassified archives.

The first thing they dug up were telegrams from the British ambassador announcing the evacuation of the royal family from Yekaterinburg to Perm by the Bolsheviks.

According to British intelligence agents in the army of Alexander Kolchak, entering Yekaterinburg on July 25, 1918, the admiral immediately appointed an investigator in the case of the execution of the royal family. Three months later, Captain Nametkin put a report on his desk, where he said that instead of being shot, it was his staging. Not believing, Kolchak appointed a second investigator Sergeev and soon got the same results.

In parallel with them, the commission of Captain Malinovsky worked, who in June 1919 gave the following instructions to the third investigator Nikolai Sokolov: “As a result of my work on the case, I became convinced that the august family is alive ... all the facts that I observed during the investigation are simulated murder.

Admiral Kolchak, who had already proclaimed himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, did not need a living tsar at all, so Sokolov receives very clear instructions - to find evidence of the death of the emperor.

Sokolov does not think of anything better than to say: "The bodies were thrown into the mine, filled with acid."

Tom Mangold and Anthony Summers felt that the solution must be sought in the Brest-Litovsk Treaty itself. However, its full text is not in the declassified archives of London or Berlin. And they came to the conclusion that there are points relating to the royal family.

Probably, Emperor Wilhelm II, who was a close relative of Empress Alexandra Feodorovna, demanded that all august women be transferred to Germany. The girls had no rights to the Russian throne and, therefore, could not threaten the Bolsheviks. The men remained hostages - as guarantors that the German army would not go to St. Petersburg and Moscow.

This explanation seems quite logical. Especially if you remember that the tsar was overthrown not by the Reds, but by their own liberal-minded aristocracy, the bourgeoisie and the top of the army. The Bolsheviks did not have much hatred for Nicholas II. He did not threaten them with anything, but at the same time he was an excellent trump card in the sleeve and a good bargaining chip in negotiations.

In addition, Lenin was well aware that Nicholas II was a chicken that, if shaken well, could lay many golden eggs so necessary for the young Soviet state. After all, the secrets of many family and state deposits in Western banks were kept in the head of the king. Later, these riches of the Russian Empire were used for industrialization.

Life after death"

“Stalin built a dacha in Sukhumi next to the dacha of the royal family and came there to meet with the emperor. In the form of an officer, Nicholas II visited the Kremlin, which was confirmed by General Vatov, who served in the guards of Joseph Vissarionovich.

According to the newspaper, in order to honor the memory of the last emperor, monarchists can go to Nizhny Novgorod to the Krasnaya Etna cemetery, where he was buried on 12/26/1958. The famous Nizhny Novgorod elder Grigory served the burial service and buried the sovereign.

Much more surprising is the fate of the heir to the throne, Tsarevich Alexei Nikolaevich.

Over time, he, like many, came to terms with the revolution and came to the conclusion that one must serve the Fatherland regardless of one's political convictions. However, he had no other choice.

Historian Sergei Zhelenkov cites a lot of evidence of the transformation of Tsarevich Alexei into the Red Army soldier Kosygin. In the thundering years of the Civil War, and even under the cover of the Cheka, it really was not difficult to do this. Much more interesting is his future career. Stalin considered a great future in the young man and far-sightedly moved along the economic line. Not according to the party.

In 1942, authorized by the State Defense Committee in besieged Leningrad, Kosygin led the evacuation of the population and industrial enterprises and property of Tsarskoe Selo. Alexey walked along Ladoga many times on the Shtandart yacht and knew the surroundings of the lake well, therefore he organized the Road of Life to supply the city.

In 1949, during the promotion of the "Leningrad case" by Malenkov, Kosygin "miraculously" survived. Stalin, who called him a prince in front of everyone, sent Alexei Nikolaevich on a long trip to Siberia in connection with the need to strengthen the activities of cooperation, to improve matters with the procurement of agricultural products.

Kosygin was so removed from internal party affairs that he retained his positions after the death of his patron. Khrushchev and Brezhnev needed a good proven business executive, as a result, Kosygin served as head of government for the longest time in the history of the Russian Empire, the USSR and the Russian Federation - 16 years.

As for the wife of Nicholas II and daughters, their trace cannot be called lost either.

In the 90s, the Italian newspaper La Repubblica published an article about the death of a nun, sister Pascalina Lenart, who from 1939 to 1958 held an important post under Pope Pius XII.

Before her death, she called a notary and told that Olga Romanova, daughter of Nicholas II, was not shot by the Bolsheviks, but lived a long life under the auspices of the Vatican and was buried in a cemetery in the village of Marcotte in northern Italy.

The journalists who went to the indicated address actually found a slab on the churchyard, where it was written in German: “ Olga Nikolaevna, eldest daughter of the Russian Tsar Nikolai Romanov, 1895 - 1976».

In this regard, the question arises: who was buried in 1998 in the Peter and Paul Cathedral? President Boris Yeltsin assured the public that these were the remains of the royal family. But the Russian Orthodox Church then refused to recognize this fact. Let us recall that in Sofia, in the building of the Holy Synod on St. Alexander Nevsky Square, the confessor of the Most High Family, Vladyka Feofan, who fled from the horrors of the revolution, lived. He never served a memorial service for the august family and said that the royal family was alive!

The result of the economic reforms developed by Alexei Kosygin was the so-called Golden Eighth Five-Year Plan of 1966-1970. Over this time:

- national income increased by 42 percent,

- the volume of gross industrial output increased by 51 percent,

– the profitability of agriculture increased by 21 percent,

- the formation of the Unified Energy System of the European part of the USSR was completed, the unified energy system of Central Siberia was created,

— the development of the Tyumen oil and gas complex began,

- the Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk and Saratov hydroelectric power stations, Pridneprovskaya GRES,

- the West Siberian Metallurgical and Karaganda Metallurgical Plants started working,

- the first Zhiguli were released,

- the provision of the population with televisions has doubled, with washing machines - by two and a half, refrigerators - by three times.

According to official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nikolai Romanov, along with his wife and children, was shot. After the burial was opened and identified, the remains were reburied in the tomb in 1998. Peter and Paul Cathedral St. Petersburg. However, then the ROC did not confirm their authenticity.

“I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as genuine if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, in July this year.

As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church did not participate in the burial of the remains of the royal family in 1998, explaining this by the fact that the church is not sure whether the true remains of the royal family are buried. The Russian Orthodox Church refers to the book of the Kolchak investigator Nikolai Sokolov, who concluded that all the bodies were burned. Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the place of burning are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined. At one time, a version of the note by Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, was found - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (along with the book of the investigator Sokolov). And now, in the coming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the Russian Orthodox Church has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, research has been conducted for several years. Once again, historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists are rechecking the facts, powerful scientific forces and the prosecutor's office are again involved, and all these actions again take place under a dense veil of secrecy.

Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the ROC. In early July 2017, the secretary of the church commission for studying the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsk, said: a large number of new circumstances and new documents. For example, Sverdlov's order to execute Nicholas II was found. Moreover, according to the results latest research criminologists confirmed that the remains of the Tsar and Tsaritsa belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber blow he received when visiting Japan. As for the queen, dentists identified her by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins.

Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial in 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. In the same conclusion, severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai by periodontal disease was noted, since this person never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, whom Nikolai turned to, remained. In addition, the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth has not yet been found. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about genetic expertise, and this despite the fact that genetic research 2003, conducted by Russian and American experts, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged Empress and her sister Elizabeth Feodorovna do not match, which means there is no relationship.

According to media reports, Nikolai Rastorguev was taken by ambulance from the square where the concert was to take place. As a result, the Lyube group performed in Tula without a soloist.

In addition, in the museum of the city of Otsu (Japan) there are things left after the injury of the policeman Nicholas II. They have biological material that can be examined. According to them, Japanese geneticists from the Tatsuo Nagai group proved that the DNA of the remains of "Nicholas II" from near Yekaterinburg (and his family) does not 100% match the DNA of biomaterials from Japan. During the Russian DNA examination, second cousins were compared, and in the conclusion it was written that "there are matches." The Japanese compared relatives of cousins. There are also the results of a genetic examination of the President of the International Association of Forensic Physicians, Mr. Bonte from Dusseldorf, in which he proved that the found remains and twins of the family of Nicholas II Filatov are relatives. Perhaps, from their remains in 1946, the “remains of the royal family” were created? The problem has not been studied.

Earlier, in 1998, the Russian Orthodox Church, on the basis of these conclusions and facts, did not recognize the existing remains as authentic, but what will happen now? In December, all the conclusions of the Investigative Committee and the commission of the Russian Orthodox Church will be considered by the Council of Bishops. It is he who will decide on the attitude of the church to the Yekaterinburg remains. Let's see why everything is so nervous and what is the history of this crime?

Worth the fight for that kind of money

Part of today Russian elites suddenly awakened interest in one very piquant story of relations between Russia and the United States, connected with the royal family of the Romanovs. Briefly, the story is as follows: more than 100 years ago, in 1913, the Federal backup system(Fed) - the central bank and printing press for the production of international currency, which still operates today. The Fed was created for the emerging League of Nations (now the UN) and would be a single world financial center with your own currency. Russia contributed 48,600 tons of gold to the "authorized capital" of the system. But the Rothschilds demanded that Woodrow Wilson, who was then re-elected as President of the United States, transfer the center to their private property along with gold. The organization became known as the Fed, where Russia owned 88.8%, and 11.2% - 43 international beneficiaries. Receipts stating that 88.8% of gold assets for a period of 99 years are under the control of the Rothschilds, six copies were transferred to the family of Nicholas II. The annual income on these deposits was fixed at 4%, which was supposed to be transferred to Russia annually, but settled on the X-1786 account of the World Bank and on 300 thousand accounts in 72 international banks. All these documents confirming the right to 48,600 tons of gold pledged to the FRS from Russia, as well as income from leasing it, the mother of Tsar Nicholas II, Maria Fedorovna Romanova, deposited in one of the Swiss banks. But the conditions for access there are only for the heirs, and this access is controlled by the Rothschild clan. For the gold provided by Russia, gold certificates were issued that allowed the metal to be claimed in parts - the royal family hid them in different places. Later, in 1944, the Bretton Woods Conference confirmed Russia's right to 88% of the Fed's assets.

According to one version, the secret services added false remains to the burial places of members of the royal family as they died of natural causes or before opening the grave.

This “golden” issue was once proposed by two well-known Russian oligarchs – Roman Abramovich and Boris Berezovsky. But Yeltsin "did not understand" them, and now, apparently, that very "golden" time has come ... And now this gold is remembered more and more often - though not at the state level.

Some speculate that the surviving Tsarevich Alexei later grew up to be Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin.

For this gold they kill, fight and make fortunes on it

Chewing gum was found in the stores of Primorsky Krai, on the wrappers of which were printed various tasks, including the unsafe ones. It is possible that they may be related to the activities of the so-called "death groups" in social networks.

Today's researchers believe that all wars and revolutions in Russia and in the world occurred due to the fact that the Rothschild clan and the United States did not intend to return the gold to the Russian Federal Reserve. After all, the execution of the royal family made it possible for the Rothschild clan not to give away gold and not pay for its 99-year lease. “Now, out of three Russian copies of the agreement on gold invested in the Fed, two are in our country, the third is presumably in one of the Swiss banks,” researcher Sergei Zhilenkov believes. - In the cache, in the Nizhny Novgorod region, there are documents from the royal archive, among which there are 12 "golden" certificates. If they are presented, then the global financial hegemony of the United States and the Rothschilds will simply collapse, and our country will receive a lot of money and all the opportunities for development, since it will no longer be strangled from across the ocean, ”the historian is sure.

Many wanted to close questions about royal assets with the reburial. Professor Vladlen Sirotkin also has an estimate for the so-called military gold exported to the First World War and civil war to the West and East: Japan - $80 billion, Great Britain - $50 billion, France - $25 billion, USA - $23 billion, Sweden - $5 billion, Czech Republic - $1 billion. Total - 184 billion. Surprisingly, but officials, for example, in the US and the UK do not dispute these figures, but are surprised at the lack of requests from Russia. By the way, the Bolsheviks remembered Russian assets in the West in the early 20s. Back in 1923, the people's commissar foreign trade Leonid Krasin ordered the British detective law firm evaluate Russian real estate and cash deposits abroad. By 1993, the firm reported that it had amassed a $400 billion data bank! And this is legal Russian money.

Why did the Romanovs die? Britain did not accept them!

There is a long-term study, unfortunately, by the now deceased professor Vladlen Sirotkin (MGIMO), “Foreign Gold of Russia” (M., 2000), where the gold and other holdings of the Romanov family accumulated in the accounts of Western banks are also estimated at an amount of at least 400 billion dollars, and together with investments - more than 2 trillion dollars! In the absence of Romanov heirs, the closest relatives turn out to be members of the English royal family... These are the interests of which may be the underlying reason for many events of the XIX-XXI centuries ... By the way, it is not clear (or, on the contrary, it is understandable) for what reasons the royal house of England denied asylum to the Romanov family three times. The first time in 1916, at the apartment of Maxim Gorky, an escape was planned - the rescue of the Romanovs by abduction and the internment of the royal couple during their visit to an English warship, then sent to Great Britain. The second was Kerensky's request, which was also rejected. Then they did not accept the request of the Bolsheviks. And this despite the fact that the mothers of George V and Nicholas II were sisters. In the surviving correspondence, Nicholas II and George V call each other "Cousin Nicky" and "Cousin Georgie" - they were cousins with an age difference of less than three years, and in their youth, these guys spent a lot of time together and were very similar in appearance. As for the queen, her mother, Princess Alice, was the eldest and beloved daughter English queen Victoria. At that time, 440 tons of gold from the gold reserves of Russia and 5.5 tons of personal gold of Nicholas II were in England as collateral for military loans. Now think about it: if the royal family died, then to whom would the gold go? Close relatives! Isn't that the reason why Cousin Georgie was denied admission to Cousin Nicky's family? To get gold, its owners had to die. Officially. And now all this must be connected with the burial of the royal family, which will officially testify that the owners of untold wealth are dead.

Versions of life after death

All versions of the death of the royal family that exist today can be divided into three. The first version: the royal family was shot near Yekaterinburg, and their remains, with the exception of Alexei and Maria, were reburied in St. Petersburg. The remains of these children were found in 2007, all examinations were carried out on them, and they, apparently, will be buried on the day of the 100th anniversary of the tragedy. When confirming this version, it is necessary for accuracy to once again identify all the remains and repeat all examinations, especially genetic and pathological anatomical ones. The second version: the royal family was not shot, but was scattered throughout Russia and all family members died of natural causes, having lived their lives in Russia or abroad, in Yekaterinburg, a family of twins was shot (members of the same family or people from different families, but similar to members of the emperor's family). Nicholas II had twins after Bloody Sunday 1905. When leaving the palace, three carriages left. In which of them Nicholas II sat is unknown. The Bolsheviks, having seized the archive of the 3rd department in 1917, had these twins. There is an assumption that one of the families of twins - the Filatovs, who are distantly related to the Romanovs - followed them to Tobolsk. The third version: the secret services added false remains to the burial places of members of the royal family as they died naturally or before opening the grave. For this, it is necessary to carefully track, among other things, the age of the biomaterial.

MP State Duma Natalya Poklonskaya said that the bust of the last Russian Emperor Nicholas II, which is located in the park near the chapel at the prosecutor's office in Simferopol, began to stream myrrh on the centenary of the tsar's abdication.

Here is one of the versions of the historian of the royal family, Sergei Zhelenkov, which seems to us the most logical, although very unusual.

Before investigator Sokolov, the only investigator who published a book about the execution of the royal family, worked investigators Malinovsky, Nametkin (his archive was burned along with his house), Sergeev (dismissed from the case and killed), Lieutenant General Diterikhs, Kirsta. All these investigators concluded that the royal family was not killed. Neither the Reds nor the Whites wanted to disclose this information - they understood that the American bankers were primarily interested in obtaining objective information. The Bolsheviks were interested in the money of the king, and Kolchak declared himself the Supreme Ruler of Russia, which could not be with a living sovereign.

Investigator Sokolov conducted two cases - one on the fact of the murder and the other on the fact of the disappearance. At the same time, she was investigating military intelligence in the face of Kirst. When the whites were leaving Russia, Sokolov, fearing for the collected materials, sent them to Harbin - some of his materials were lost along the way. Sokolov's materials contained evidence of the financing of the Russian revolution by the American bankers Schiff, Kuhn and Loeb, and Ford became interested in these materials, in conflict with these bankers. He even called Sokolov from France, where he settled, to the USA. When returning from the USA to France, Nikolai Sokolov was killed. Sokolov's book came out after his death, and many people "worked" on it, removing many scandalous facts from there, so it cannot be considered completely truthful. The surviving members of the royal family were watched by people from the KGB, where a special department was created for this, which was dissolved during perestroika. The archive of this department has been preserved. royal family saved by Stalin - the royal family was evacuated from Yekaterinburg through Perm to Moscow and fell into the hands of Trotsky, then People's Commissar of Defense. To further save the royal family, Stalin carried out a whole operation, stealing it from Trotsky's people and taking them to Sukhumi, to a specially built house next to former home royal family. From there, all family members were distributed to different places, Maria and Anastasia were taken to the Glinskaya Hermitage (Sumy Region), then Maria was transported to the Nizhny Novgorod Region, where she died of illness on May 24, 1954. Anastasia subsequently married Stalin's personal bodyguard and lived very secluded on a small farm, died

June 27, 1980 in the Volgograd region. The eldest daughters, Olga and Tatyana, were sent to the Serafimo-Diveevsky convent - the empress was settled not far from the girls. But they did not live here for long. Olga, having traveled through Afghanistan, Europe and Finland, settled in Vyritsa Leningrad region where she died on January 19, 1976. Tatyana lived partly in Georgia, partly on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, was buried in Krasnodar Territory, died September 21, 1992. Alexei and his mother lived at their dacha, then Alexei was transferred to Leningrad, where he was "made" a biography, and the whole world recognized him as a party and Soviet leader Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (Stalin sometimes called him a prince in front of everyone). Nicholas II lived and died in Nizhny Novgorod(December 22, 1958), and the queen died in the village of Starobelskaya, Lugansk region, on April 2, 1948, and was subsequently reburied in Nizhny Novgorod, where she and the emperor have a common grave. Three daughters of Nicholas II, except for Olga, had children. N.A. Romanov talked with I.V. Stalin, and the wealth of the Russian Empire was used to strengthen the power of the USSR ...

Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the place of burning are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined. At one time, a version of the note by Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, was found - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (along with the book of the investigator Sokolov). And now, in the coming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the Russian Orthodox Church has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, research has been conducted for several years. Once again, historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists are rechecking the facts, powerful scientific forces and the prosecutor's office are again involved, and all these actions again take place under a dense veil of secrecy.

Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the ROC. In early July 2017, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsky, the secretary of the church commission for studying the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, said: a large number of new circumstances and new documents were discovered. For example, Sverdlov's order to execute Nicholas II was found. In addition, according to the results of recent research, forensic scientists confirmed that the remains of the king and queen belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber blow he received when visiting Japan. As for the queen, dentists identified her by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins.

Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial in 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. The same conclusion noted severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai by periodontal disease, since this person had never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, whom Nikolai turned to, remained. In addition, the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth has not yet been found. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about genetic examination, and this despite the fact that the genetic studies of 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged empress and her sister Elizabeth Feodorovna do not match , which means no relationship

Worth the fight for that kind of money

Today, some of the Russian elites have suddenly awakened interest in one very piquant story of relations between Russia and the United States, connected with the Romanov royal family. Briefly, the story is as follows: more than 100 years ago, in 1913, the US created the Federal Reserve System (FRS) - the central bank and printing press for the production of international currency, which still operates today. The Fed was created for the emerging League of Nations (now the UN) and would be a single world financial center with its own currency. Russia contributed 48,600 tons of gold to the "authorized capital" of the system. But the Rothschilds demanded that Woodrow Wilson, who was then re-elected as President of the United States, transfer the center to their private property along with gold. The organization became known as the Fed, where Russia owned 88.8%, and 11.2% - 43 international beneficiaries. Receipts stating that 88.8% of the gold assets for a period of 99 years are under the control of the Rothschilds, six copies were transferred to the family of Nicholas II.

The annual income on these deposits was fixed at 4%, which was supposed to be transferred to Russia annually, but settled on the X-1786 account of the World Bank and on 300 thousand accounts in 72 international banks. All these documents confirming the right to 48,600 tons of gold pledged to the FRS from Russia, as well as income from leasing it, the mother of Tsar Nicholas II, Maria Fedorovna Romanova, deposited in one of the Swiss banks. But the conditions for access there are only for the heirs, and this access is controlled by the Rothschild clan. For the gold provided by Russia, gold certificates were issued that allowed the metal to be claimed in parts - the royal family hid them in different places. Later, in 1944, the Bretton Woods Conference confirmed Russia's right to 88% of the Fed's assets.

Some speculate that the surviving Tsarevich Alexei later grew up to be Soviet Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin.

For this gold they kill, fight and make fortunes on it

Many wanted to close questions about royal assets with the reburial. Professor Vladlen Sirotkin also has an estimate for the so-called military gold exported to the West and East during the First World War and the Civil War: Japan - 80 billion dollars, Great Britain - 50 billion, France - 25 billion, USA - 23 billion, Sweden - 5 billion, the Czech Republic - $1 billion. Total - 184 billion. Surprisingly, officials in the US and UK, for example, do not dispute these figures, but are surprised at the lack of requests from Russia. By the way, the Bolsheviks remembered Russian assets in the West in the early 20s. Back in 1923, People's Commissar for Foreign Trade Leonid Krasin ordered a British law firm to evaluate Russian real estate and cash deposits abroad. By 1993, the firm reported that it had amassed a $400 billion data bank! And this is legal Russian money.

Why did the Romanovs die? Britain did not accept them!

By the way, it is not clear (or, on the contrary, it is understandable) for what reasons the royal house of England denied asylum three times to the Romanov family. The first time in 1916, at the apartment of Maxim Gorky, an escape was planned - the rescue of the Romanovs by abduction and the internment of the royal couple during their visit to an English warship, then sent to Great Britain. The second was Kerensky's request, which was also rejected. Then they did not accept the request of the Bolsheviks. And this despite the fact that the mothers of George V and Nicholas II were sisters. In the surviving correspondence, Nicholas II and George V call each other "Cousin Nicky" and "Cousin Georgie" - they were cousins with a difference in age less than three years, and in their youth, these guys spent a lot of time together and were very similar in appearance. As for the queen, her mother, Princess Alice, was the eldest and beloved daughter of the English Queen Victoria. At that time, 440 tons of gold from the gold reserves of Russia and 5.5 tons of personal gold of Nicholas II were in England as collateral for military loans. Now think about it: if the royal family died, then to whom would the gold go? Close relatives! Isn't that the reason why Cousin Georgie was denied admission to Cousin Nicky's family? To get gold, its owners had to die. Officially. And now all this must be connected with the burial of the royal family, which will officially testify that the owners of untold wealth are dead.

Versions of life after death

All versions of the death of the royal family that exist today can be divided into three. The first version: the royal family was shot near Yekaterinburg, and their remains, with the exception of Alexei and Maria, were reburied in St. Petersburg. The remains of these children were found in 2007, all examinations were carried out on them, and they, apparently, will be buried on the day of the 100th anniversary of the tragedy. When confirming this version, it is necessary for accuracy to once again identify all the remains and repeat all examinations, especially genetic and pathological anatomical ones. The second version: the royal family was not shot, but was scattered throughout Russia and all family members died of natural causes, having lived their lives in Russia or abroad, in Yekaterinburg, a family of twins was shot (members of the same family or people from different families, but similar members of the emperor's family). Nicholas II had twins after Bloody Sunday 1905. When leaving the palace, three carriages left. In which of them Nicholas II sat is unknown. The Bolsheviks, having seized the archive of the 3rd department in 1917, had these twins. There is an assumption that one of the families of twins - the Filatovs, who are distantly related to the Romanovs - followed them to Tobolsk. The third version: the secret services added false remains to the burial places of members of the royal family as they died naturally or before opening the grave. For this, it is necessary to carefully track, among other things, the age of the biomaterial.

Here is one of the versions of the historian of the royal family, Sergei Zhelenkov, which seems to us the most logical, although very unusual.

Investigator Sokolov conducted two cases - one on the fact of the murder and the other on the fact of the disappearance. In parallel, military intelligence in the person of Kirst conducted an investigation. When the whites were leaving Russia, Sokolov, fearing for the collected materials, sent them to Harbin - some of his materials were lost along the way. Sokolov's materials contained evidence of the financing of the Russian revolution by the American bankers Schiff, Kuhn and Loeb, and Ford became interested in these materials, in conflict with these bankers. He even called Sokolov from France, where he settled, to the USA. When returning from the USA to France, Nikolai Sokolov was killed.

Sokolov's book came out after his death, and many people "worked" on it, removing many scandalous facts from there, so it cannot be considered completely truthful. The surviving members of the royal family were watched by people from the KGB, where a special department was created for this, which was dissolved during perestroika. The archive of this department has been preserved. The royal family was saved by Stalin - the royal family was evacuated from Yekaterinburg through Perm to Moscow and fell into the hands of Trotsky, then People's Commissar of Defense. To further save the royal family, Stalin carried out a whole operation, stealing it from Trotsky's people and taking them to Sukhumi, to a specially built house next to the former house of the royal family. From there, all family members were distributed to different places, Maria and Anastasia were taken to the Glinskaya Hermitage (Sumy Region), then Maria was transported to the Nizhny Novgorod Region, where she died of illness on May 24, 1954. Anastasia subsequently married Stalin's personal bodyguard and lived very secluded on a small farm, died on June 27, 1980 in the Volgograd region.

The eldest daughters, Olga and Tatyana, were sent to the Serafimo-Diveevsky convent - the empress was settled not far from the girls. But they did not live here for long. Olga, having traveled through Afghanistan, Europe and Finland, settled in Vyritsa, Leningrad Region, where she died on January 19, 1976. Tatyana lived partly in Georgia, partly in the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, was buried in the Krasnodar Territory, died on September 21, 1992. Alexei and his mother lived in their dacha, then Alexei was transferred to Leningrad, where he was “made” a biography, and the whole world recognized him as a party and Soviet leader Alexei Nikolaevich Kosygin (Stalin sometimes called him a prince in front of everyone). Nicholas II lived and died in Nizhny Novgorod (December 22, 1958), and the tsarina died in the village of Starobelskaya, Lugansk region, on April 2, 1948, and was subsequently reburied in Nizhny Novgorod, where she and the emperor share a common grave. Three daughters of Nicholas II, except for Olga, had children. N.A. Romanov talked with I.V. Stalin, and the wealth of the Russian Empire was used to strengthen the power of the USSR ...

Yakov Tudorovsky

The Romanovs were not shot

According to official history, on the night of July 16-17, 1918, Nikolai Romanov, along with his wife and children, was shot. After the burial was opened and identified, the remains were reburied in 1998 in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral in St. Petersburg. However, then the ROC did not confirm their authenticity. “I cannot rule out that the church will recognize the royal remains as genuine if convincing evidence of their authenticity is found and if the examination is open and honest,” said Metropolitan Hilarion of Volokolamsk, head of the Department for External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, in July this year. As you know, the Russian Orthodox Church did not participate in the burial of the remains of the royal family in 1998, explaining this by the fact that the church is not sure whether the true remains of the royal family are buried. The Russian Orthodox Church refers to the book of the Kolchak investigator Nikolai Sokolov, who concluded that all the bodies were burned. Some of the remains collected by Sokolov at the place of burning are stored in Brussels, in the church of St. Job the Long-suffering, and they have not been examined. At one time, a version of the note by Yurovsky, who supervised the execution and burial, was found - it became the main document before the transfer of the remains (along with the book of the investigator Sokolov). And now, in the coming year of the 100th anniversary of the execution of the Romanov family, the Russian Orthodox Church has been instructed to give a final answer to all the dark places of execution near Yekaterinburg. To obtain a final answer under the auspices of the Russian Orthodox Church, research has been conducted for several years. Once again, historians, geneticists, graphologists, pathologists and other specialists are rechecking the facts, powerful scientific forces and the prosecutor's office are again involved, and all these actions again take place under a dense veil of secrecy. Research on genetic identification is carried out by four independent groups of scientists. Two of them are foreign, working directly with the ROC. In early July 2017, Bishop Tikhon (Shevkunov) of Yegoryevsky, the secretary of the church commission for studying the results of the study of the remains found near Yekaterinburg, said: a large number of new circumstances and new documents were discovered. For example, Sverdlov's order to execute Nicholas II was found. In addition, according to the results of recent research, forensic scientists confirmed that the remains of the king and queen belong to them, since a trace was suddenly found on the skull of Nicholas II, which is interpreted as a trace from a saber blow he received when visiting Japan. As for the queen, dentists identified her by the world's first porcelain veneers on platinum pins. Although, if you open the conclusion of the commission, written before the burial in 1998, it says: the bones of the sovereign's skull are so destroyed that the characteristic callus cannot be found. The same conclusion noted severe damage to the teeth of the alleged remains of Nikolai by periodontal disease, since this person had never been to the dentist. This confirms that it was not the tsar who was shot, since the records of the Tobolsk dentist, whom Nikolai turned to, remained. In addition, the fact that the growth of the skeleton of "Princess Anastasia" is 13 centimeters larger than her lifetime growth has not yet been found. Well, as you know, miracles happen in the church ... Shevkunov did not say a word about genetic examination, and this despite the fact that the genetic studies of 2003, conducted by Russian and American specialists, showed that the genome of the body of the alleged empress and her sister Elizabeth Feodorovna do not match , which means no relationship.

After the execution on the night of July 16-17, 1918, the bodies of members of the royal family and their entourage (11 people in total) were loaded into a car and sent towards Verkh-Isetsk to the abandoned mines of Ganina Yama. At first they unsuccessfully tried to burn the victims, and then they threw them into the shaft of the mine and threw them with branches.

Discovery of remains

However, the next day, almost the entire Verkh-Isetsk knew about what had happened. Moreover, according to a participant firing squad Medvedev, " ice water mines not only washed the blood clean, but also froze the bodies so much that they looked as if they were alive. The conspiracy clearly failed.

The remains were promptly reburied. The area was cordoned off, but the truck, having driven only a few kilometers, got stuck in the swampy area of the Porosenkov Log. Without beginning to invent anything, one part of the bodies was buried right under the road, and the other - a little to the side, after filling them with sulfuric acid. Sleepers were placed on top for reliability.

It's interesting that forensic investigator N. Sokolov, sent by Kolchak in 1919 to search for a burial place, found this place, but he did not think of raising the sleepers. In the area of Ganina Yama, he managed to find only a severed female finger. Nevertheless, the conclusion of the investigator was unequivocal: “Here is all that remains of August Family. Everything else was destroyed by the Bolsheviks with fire and sulfuric acid.”

Nine years later, perhaps it was Porosenkov Log that Vladimir Mayakovsky visited, as can be judged from his poem “The Emperor”: “Here the cedar was touched with an ax, notches under the root of the bark, at the root under the cedar there is a road, and the emperor is buried in it.”

It is known that the poet, shortly before his trip to Sverdlovsk, met in Warsaw with one of the organizers of the execution of the royal family, Peter Voikov, who could show him the exact place.

Ural historians found the remains in the Piglet Log in 1978, but permission for excavations was received only in 1991. There were 9 bodies in the burial. During the investigation, some of the remains were recognized as "royal": according to experts, only Alexei and Maria were missing. However, many experts were confused by the results of the examination, and therefore no one was in a hurry to agree with the conclusions. The House of Romanov and the Russian Orthodox Church refused to recognize the remains as authentic.

Alexei and Maria were discovered only in 2007, guided by a document compiled from the words of the commandant of the “House special purpose» Yakov Yurovsky. "Yurovsky's note" initially did not inspire much confidence, nevertheless, the place of the second burial was indicated correctly in it.

Falsifications and myths

Immediately after the execution, representatives new government tried to convince the West that members imperial family or, by at least children are alive and in a safe place. People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs G. V. Chicherin in April 1922 at the Genoa Conference, to the question of one of the correspondents about the fate of the Grand Duchesses, vaguely answered: “The fate of the tsar's daughters is not known to me. I read in the papers that they were in America."

However, P. L. Voikov, in an informal setting, stated more specifically: "the world will never know what we did to the royal family." But later, after the publication in the West of the materials of the Sokolov investigation Soviet authorities recognized the fact of the execution of the imperial family.

Falsifications and speculations around the execution of the Romanovs contributed to the spread of persistent myths, among which the myth of ritual murder and about the severed head of Nicholas II, which was in the special depository of the NKVD. Later, stories about the “miraculous salvation” of the Tsar’s children, Alexei and Anastasia, grew into myths. But all this has remained a myth.

Investigation and expertise

In 1993, the investigation into the discovery of the remains was entrusted to the investigator Prosecutor General's Office Vladimir Solovyov. Given the importance of the case, in addition to the traditional ballistic and macroscopic examinations, additional genetic studies were carried out jointly with British and American scientists.

For these purposes, blood was taken from some of the Romanov relatives living in England and Greece for analysis. The results showed that the probability that the remains belonged to members of the royal family was 98.5 percent.
The investigation considered this insufficient. Solovyov managed to obtain permission to exhume the remains of the tsar's brother, George. Scientists confirmed the "absolute positional similarity of mtDNA" of both remains, which revealed a rare genetic mutation inherent in the Romanovs - heteroplasmy.

However, after the discovery in 2007 of the alleged remains of Alexei and Maria, new studies and examinations were required. The work of scientists was greatly facilitated by Alexy II, who, before the burial of the first group of royal remains in the tomb of the Peter and Paul Cathedral, asked the investigators to remove bone particles. “Science is developing, it is possible that they will be needed in the future,” these were the words of the Patriarch.

To remove the doubts of skeptics, the head of the laboratory was invited for new examinations molecular genetics at the University of Massachusetts, Yevgeny Rogaev (who was insisted on by representatives of the House of Romanov), the chief geneticist of the US Army, Michael Cobble (who returned the names of the victims of September 11), and Walter Parson, an employee of the Institute of Forensic Medicine from Austria.

Comparing the remains from the two burials, the experts once again rechecked the previously obtained data, and also conducted new studies - the previous results were confirmed. Moreover, the “blood-splattered shirt” of Nicholas II (Otsu incident) found in the Hermitage funds fell into the hands of scientists. And again, a positive answer: the genotypes of the king “on the blood” and “on the bones” coincided.

Results

The results of the investigation into the case of the execution of the royal family refuted some pre-existing assumptions. For example, according to the conclusion of experts, “under the conditions in which the destruction of corpses was carried out, it was impossible to completely destroy the remains using sulfuric acid and combustible materials.

This fact rules out Ganina Yama as the final burial site.
True, the historian Vadim Viner finds a serious gap in the conclusions of the investigation. He believes that some finds belonging to a later time, in particular coins of the 30s, were not taken into account. But as the facts show, information about the place of burial very quickly "leaked" to the masses, and therefore the burial ground could be repeatedly opened in search of possible values.

Another revelation is offered by the historian S. A. Belyaev, who believes that “the family of the Yekaterinburg merchant could be buried with imperial honors,” though without providing convincing arguments.
However, the conclusions of the investigation, which was carried out with unprecedented scrupulousness using latest methods, with the participation of independent experts, are unambiguous: all 11 remains clearly correlate with each of those executed in the Ipatiev house. Common sense and logic dictates that it is not possible to accidentally duplicate such physical and genetic correspondences.
In December 2010, the final conference dedicated to the latest results of the examinations was held in Yekaterinburg. Reports were made by 4 groups of geneticists who worked independently in different countries. Opponents could also express their views official version, however, according to eyewitnesses, "having listened to the reports, they left the hall without saying a word."
The Russian Orthodox Church still does not recognize the authenticity of the "Ekaterinburg remains", but many representatives of the Romanov dynasty, judging by their statements in the press, accepted the final results of the investigation.

Portal for the student. Self-training