For me, as for a resident of an industrial region, this is obvious - smoking chimneys are visible from my window. In addition, you constantly have to wipe the window sills on which a layer of black dust forms every day ... In general, the picture is quite unpleasant, but where to go?

Why air is polluted

It can be said that since the time of the conquest of fire, mankind has already begun to pollute the air. But millennia of using fire had practically no effect on the state of the atmosphere. Of course, the smoke made breathing difficult, and the soot covered the walls of the dwellings, but people then lived in small groups on large area. This was the state of affairs before early XIX century, until the moment when the industry began to actively develop. At that time, few people imagined that complex industrial processes. Among the pollutants, it is customary to distinguish between primary - the result of emissions and secondary, which are formed in the atmosphere as a result of the transformation of primary ones.

Main air pollutants

Science identifies several main sources. So:

• transport;
• industry;
• boiler rooms.

At the same time, each of the sources may either prevail or be completely absent depending on the locality, however, there is no doubt that industry is the main source. Non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises alone “gift” the atmosphere with a mass harmful substances. In addition, a number of substances of the aerosol group - suspended particles in the air - enter the atmosphere. These substances pose the greatest danger to humans. Such emissions seem to be ordinary fog or light haze, but are formed as a result of the interaction of liquid or solid particles with water or with each other. A constant source of this type of pollution are artificial mounds of industrial waste - dumps.

Often in big cities smog is observed - aerosol particles with gases. As a rule, it includes: nitrogen oxide, ozone and sulfur oxides. This phenomenon is usually observed in summer, when the weather is calm and the sun shines brightly. Its radiation triggers a series chemical processes resulting in the formation of harmful substances.

Change gas composition atmosphere - the result of a combination natural phenomena in nature and human activities. But which of these processes prevails at the present time? In order to find out, we first clarify what pollutes the air. Its relatively constant composition throughout recent years subject to significant fluctuations. Let's take a look at the main problems of emissions control and air cleanliness using the example of this work in cities.

Does the composition of the atmosphere change?

Standing next to a smoldering garbage heap is the same as being on the most gassed street in a metropolis. The danger of carbon monoxide is that it binds blood hemoglobin. The resulting carboxyhemoglobin can no longer deliver oxygen to the cells. Other substances that pollute the atmospheric air can cause disruption of the bronchi and lungs, poisoning, exacerbation of chronic diseases. For example, when carbon monoxide is inhaled, the heart works with an increased load, since not enough oxygen is supplied to the tissues. In this case, it may worsen cardiovascular disease. An even greater danger is the combination of carbon monoxide with pollutants in industrial and transport emissions.

Pollutant concentration standards

Harmful emissions come from metallurgical, coal, oil and gas processing plants, energy facilities, construction and utilities industries. Radioactive contamination from explosions at Chernobyl nuclear power plant and nuclear power plants in Japan have spread globally. There is an increase in the content of carbon oxides, sulfur, nitrogen, freons, radioactive and other hazardous emissions in different points our planet. Sometimes toxins are found far away from the place where the enterprises that pollute the air are located. The situation that has arisen is alarming and difficult to resolve. global problem humanity.

Back in 1973, the relevant committee of the World Health Organization (WHO) proposed criteria for assessing the quality atmospheric air in cities. Experts have found that the state of human health is 15-20% dependent on environmental conditions. Based on many studies in the 20th century, acceptable levels of the main pollutants that are harmless to the population were determined. For example, the average annual concentration of suspended particles in the air should be 40 µg/m 3 . The content of sulfur oxides should not exceed 60 µg/m 3 per year. For carbon monoxide, the corresponding average is 10 mg/m 3 for 8 hours.

What are Maximum Permissible Concentrations (MACs)?

Decree of the Chief State sanitary doctor The Russian Federation has approved a hygienic standard for the content of almost 600 harmful compounds in the atmosphere of settlements. pollutants in the air, compliance with which indicates the absence of adverse effects on people and sanitary conditions. The standard specifies the hazard classes of compounds, the magnitude of their content in the air (mg / m 3). These indicators are updated when new data on the toxicity of individual substances become available. But that's not all. The document contains a list of 38 substances for which a ban on release has been introduced due to their high biological activity.

How is state control in the field of atmospheric air protection carried out?

Anthropogenic changes in air composition lead to negative consequences in the economy, deteriorating health and shortening life expectancy. The problems of increasing the entry of harmful compounds into the atmosphere are of concern to both governments, state and municipal authorities, and the public, ordinary people.

The legislation of many countries provides for before the start of construction, reconstruction, modernization of almost all economic facilities. Rationing of pollutants in the air is being carried out, measures are being taken to protect the atmosphere. The issues of reducing the anthropogenic load on environment, reducing emissions and discharges of pollutants. adopted in Russia federal laws on the protection of the environment, atmospheric air, other legislative and regulatory legal acts regulating activities in the environmental sphere. State environmental control, pollutants are limited, emissions are regulated.

What is PVD?

Enterprises that pollute the air should make an inventory of the sources of harmful compounds entering the air. Usually, this work finds its logical continuation when determining the need for obtaining this document is related to the regulation of the technogenic load on atmospheric air. On the basis of the information included in the MPE, the company receives a permit to release pollutants into the atmosphere. Data on regulatory emissions are used to calculate payments for negative environmental impact.

If there is no volume of MPE and a permit, then for emissions from pollution sources located on the territory of an industrial facility or another industry, enterprises pay 2, 5, 10 times more. Rationing of pollutants in the air leads to a reduction in the negative impact on the atmosphere. There is an economic incentive to carry out measures to protect nature from the ingress of foreign compounds into it.

Pollution charges from businesses are accumulated by local and federal authorities authorities in specially created budget environmental funds. Financial resources are spent on environmental activities.

How is the air cleaned and protected at industrial and other facilities?

Purification of polluted air is carried out different methods. Filters are installed on the pipes of boiler houses and processing enterprises, there are dust and gas trapping installations. Through the use thermal decomposition and oxidation, some toxic substances turn into harmless compounds. Capture of harmful gases in emissions is carried out by condensation methods, sorbents are used to absorb impurities, catalysts for purification.

Prospects for activities in the field of air protection are associated with work to reduce the release of pollutants into the atmosphere. It is necessary to develop laboratory control harmful emissions in cities, on busy highways. Work should be continued on the introduction of systems for trapping solid particles from gaseous mixtures at enterprises. Looking for cheap modern devices for purification of emissions from toxic aerosols and gases. In the field of state control, an increase in the number of posts for checking and adjusting the toxicity of car exhaust gases is required. The enterprises of the energy industry and vehicles should be switched to less harmful, from the point of view of the environment, types of fuel (say, natural gas, biofuels). When they are burned, less solid and liquid pollutants are released.

What role do green spaces play in air purification?

It is difficult to overestimate the contribution of plants to the replenishment of oxygen reserves on Earth, to the capture of pollution. Forests are called "green gold", "lungs of the planet" for the ability of leaves to photosynthesis. This process is the absorption carbon dioxide and water, the formation of oxygen and starch in the light. Plants emit phytoncides into the air - substances that have a detrimental effect on pathogenic microbes.

Increasing the area of ​​green spaces in cities is one of the most important environmental measures. Trees, shrubs, herbs and flowers are planted in the courtyards of houses, in parks, squares and along roads. Greening the grounds of schools and hospitals, industrial enterprises.

Scientists have found that it is best to absorb dust and harmful gaseous substances from the emissions of enterprises, transport emissions such plants as poplar, linden, sunflower. Coniferous plantations emit the most phytoncides. The air in pine, fir, juniper forests is very clean and healing.

Any unwanted change in composition earth's atmosphere as a result of the entry into it of various gases, water vapor and solid particles (under the influence of natural processes or as a result of human activity).

Approximately 10% of pollutants enter the atmosphere due to natural processes such as volcanic eruptions, which are accompanied by emissions of ash, sprayed acids, including sulfuric, and many poisonous gases. In addition, the main sources of sulfur in the atmosphere are spray sea ​​water and decaying plant debris. It should also be noted Forest fires, as a result of which dense clouds of smoke are formed, enveloping large areas, and dust storms. Trees and shrubs emit a lot of volatile organic compounds(LOS), forming a blue haze that covers b

most of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the United States (translated as "blue ridge"). Microorganisms present in the air (pollen, fungi, bacteria, viruses) cause allergy attacks and infectious diseases in many people.

The remaining 90% of pollutants are of anthropogenic origin. Their main sources are: the combustion of fossil fuels in power plants (smoke emissions) and in car engines; production processes not associated with fuel combustion, but resulting in atmospheric dusting, for example, due to soil erosion, open pit coal mining, blasting and leakage of VOCs through valves, pipe joints in oil refineries and chemical plants and from reactors; solid waste storage; as well as a variety of mixed sources.

Pollutants entering the atmosphere are transported over long distances from the source, and then return to the earth's surface in the form of solid particles, droplets or chemical compounds dissolved in precipitation.

Chemical compounds, the source of which is at ground level, quickly mix with the air of the lower atmosphere (troposphere). They are called primary pollutants. Some of them enter chemical reactions with other pollutants or with the main components of the air (oxygen, nitrogen and water vapor), forming secondary pollutants. As a result, phenomena such as photochemical smog, acid rain and the formation of ozone in the surface layer of the atmosphere are observed. The source of energy for these reactions is solar radiation. Secondary pollutants - photochemical oxidants and acids contained in the atmosphere - represent a major threat to human health and global environmental change.

Hazardous impact

Air pollution has harmful effect on living organisms in several ways: 1) delivering aerosol particles and poisonous gases into the respiratory system of humans and animals and into the leaves of plants; 2) increasing the acidity of precipitation, which, in turn, affects the change chemical composition soil and water; 3) by stimulating such chemical reactions in the atmosphere that lead to an increase in the duration of exposure of living organisms to harmful sunbeams; 4) changing to global scale composition and temperature of the atmosphere and thus creating conditions unfavorable for the survival of organisms.

The human respiratory system. Through the respiratory system, oxygen enters the human body, which is carried by hemoglobin (red pigments of erythrocytes) to vital organs, and waste products, in particular carbon dioxide, are excreted. The respiratory system consists of the nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi and lungs. In each healthy lung, there are approximately 5 million alveoli (air sacs), in which gas exchange occurs. Oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli, and carbon dioxide is removed from the blood through them and released into the air.

The respiratory system has a number defense mechanisms protecting against exposure to pollutants in the air. Nose hairs filter out large particles. The mucous membrane of the nasal cavity, larynx and trachea retains and dissolves small particles and some harmful gases. If pollutants enter the respiratory system, the person sneezes and coughs. In this way, polluted air and mucus are evacuated. In addition, the upper respiratory tract is lined with hundreds of thin cilia of ciliated epithelium located in in constant motion and moving mucus up the larynx along with dirt that has entered the respiratory system, which are either swallowed or removed outside.

Permanent long-term exposure to by-products tobacco smoke and polluted air leads to an overload and overflow of human protective systems, as a result, diseases develop respiratory system: allergic asthma, lung cancer and emphysema, chronic bronchitis.

Acid precipitation. Contact with soil or water bodies of various acids, such as sulfuric (H2SO4) or nitric (HNO3), as a result of acid precipitation (abnormally acid rain and snow) causes harm to living organisms and contributes to the destruction various designs. Such phenomena are quite often observed in areas with a significant concentration of industrial enterprises using fossil fuels.

The damage caused to biota by acid precipitation is most pronounced in forests and lakes. Certain types trees, in particular pines, are especially sensitive to changes in soil acidity. Acid rain hit hard large areas forests in New England, Canada and Scandinavian countries. In some cases, plants serve as indicators of such effects: the leaves become stained or discolored. Acid overload associated with spring runoff to lakes and rivers melt water may be harmful to fish and other aquatic organisms.

The composition and structure of the atmosphere

atmosphere, or air ocean", consists of gases necessary to support life on Earth. According to its height, it can be divided into five layers, or shells, surrounding the globe: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Their boundaries are determined by drastic changes temperature due to differences in absorption solar radiation. Air density also changes with height. In the upper layers of the atmosphere, the air is cold and rarefied, and near the Earth's surface, due to gravity, it is denser. The two lower layers of the atmosphere are mainly polluted.

Troposphere. The composition and structure of the lower layer - the troposphere - is determined by the flow of gases from earth's crust and the presence of life on the earth's surface. Upper bound troposphere is located at altitudes of approximately 17 km above sea level at the equator and approx. 8 km at the poles. This thin layer contains two important gaseous components: nitrogen (N2) and oxygen (O2), which make up 78% and 21% of the volume of the atmosphere, respectively.

The nitrogen cycle in nature (nitrogen cycle) plays a very important role in plant nutrition. Atmospheric nitrogen is bound by nodule bacteria contained in the root thickenings of leguminous plants, with the formation of numerous organic compounds, especially proteins. After that, other specialized bacteria, in the process of mineralization, decompose and process nitrogen-rich organic residues into simpler ones. inorganic substances, for example to ammonia (NH4). Finally, nitrifying bacteria convert them back into nitrogen oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), which are returned to the atmosphere. Then the cycle resumes.

Oxygen is produced during plant photosynthesis and, in turn, is used by micro- and macro-organisms during respiration, the by-product of which is carbon dioxide.

In addition to nitrogen and oxygen, the atmosphere includes argon (Ar - 0.93%) and carbon dioxide (CO2 - 0.036%), as well as negligible amounts of neon (Ne), helium (He), methane (CH4), krypton (Kr ), hydrogen (H2), xenon (Xe) and anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs).

The source and necessary component of life on Earth, contributing, in particular, to maintaining its surface temperature, is water vapor (H2O), which enters the troposphere mainly as a result of water evaporation from the ocean surface. Its content in the atmosphere varies significantly depending on the time of year and geographical location. For living organisms, consisting mainly of organic compounds of carbon with hydrogen and oxygen, oxygen, water and carbon dioxide play a primary role. Water and carbon dioxide are essential for heating the earth's surface due to their ability to absorb solar radiation.

Stratosphere. Directly above the troposphere at altitudes from 18 to 48 km above earth's surface is the stratosphere. Although these shells are very similar in composition, the water vapor content in the stratosphere is approximately 1000 times less, and the ozone content is approximately 1000 times greater than in the troposphere. Ozone is formed in the stratosphere when oxygen molecules interact with lightning and ultraviolet irradiation Sun.

The composition of air pollutants changed significantly after the Second World War. In the 1950s, coal was replaced by diesel fuel, and soon by natural gas. By 2000 most of houses were heated natural gas, the cleanest of all fossil fuels. On the other hand, the exhaust gases generated during the operation of internal combustion engines began to pollute the atmosphere more and more.

Main pollutants

Sulfur dioxide, or sulfur dioxide (sulphurous gas). Sulfur enters the atmosphere as a result of many natural processes, including the evaporation of seawater spray, the dispersal of sulfur-containing soils in arid regions, the emission of gases from volcanic eruptions, and the release of biogenic hydrogen sulfide (H2S).

The atmosphere is what we breathe and how we exist. This is the shell of the Earth, which makes it possible for all living things to develop. But every year the issue of air pollution becomes more acute.

Atmospheric pollution is getting into all its layers (see. « ”), products and substances that disrupt its normal and habitual functioning, lead to a different outcome of the final reactions or an increase in certain substances (which also negatively affects the state of the inner shell).

The influence of man and his activities on the state of the biosphere is especially strongly felt. There are three types of air pollution:

• physical, which include dust, radio waves, radioactive elements, warm air, noise and piece air oscillation;
• biological, which are based on microorganisms and bacteria, spores and harmful fungi, their waste products;
• chemical - this is what gets into the air through the use of sprays, aerosols, gas impurities, as well as their processed products, heavy metals.

It becomes clear that our atmosphere every second feels the influence of the actions of all mankind, suffers from this and goes out of order, which, in turn, affects our well-being and health.

Sources of air pollution

Sources of atmospheric pollution are places, processes and actions that affect the composition, condition and functioning of the Earth's shell. All sources of this kind are divided into two kinds:

• natural or natural - those that occur due to processes and reactions in nature, among living organisms without any human intervention;
• anthropogenic or you can still find the concept of artificial sources of pollution. They include everything that negatively affects the atmosphere due to the actions of mankind.

To the most common natural sources include winds that blow earth and sand, lifting them into the air, volcanic eruptions, insects and plants, as well as their metabolic products. No less dangerous for the atmosphere are fires that destroy plants and animals, soil, and combustion products in the form of gases and dust enter the air. However, nature can independently regulate all these actions and recover from their negative influence. Much worse and more dangerous is the influence of man on the state of the gas envelope.

To artificial sources include domestic and agricultural activities, all types of industrial work and, of course, transport in all its manifestations.

We all know that industrial and urban complexes, enterprises emit tons of substances into the environment, which remain there. The “heavy artillery” includes metallurgy, chemical production and gas and oil production, which “give” the atmosphere sulfur dust, benzene, carbon monoxide, ammonia and many other substances.

Another problem is thermal power. The process of burning certain fuels is fraught with the release of combustion products. And this is not only soot, smoke or dust, nitrogen oxides, benzopyrene, carbon dioxide should also be included here. Separately, it is worth mentioning the overabundance of heat, which is released both from the operation of power plants of all types, and from many other types of human activity, accidental emissions from various factories, and man-made disasters..

One of the main polluters of our planet is transport, and in some countries it ranks first in the index of emissions of harmful substances into the air. Rail transport, aircraft, ships contribute to bad condition biosphere, but the undoubted leader is automobile transport.

Vehicles, moving, contribute to the entry a large number exhaust gases from fuel processing by engines, dust and particulate matter on tires and bodies into the lower balls earth's shell. And the heat that is released from cars in big city, is equivalent to the operation of a large coal-fired power plant. Well, one cannot help but recall the noise pollution that is spread by all types of Vehicle on the planet.

Consequences of atmospheric pollution

The atmosphere is the place where all the main processes on the planet take place, so the consequences of its pollution will be felt for everyone.

First of all, these problems will be displayed on the human condition, because all particulate matter, dust, carbon monoxide, silicon dioxide and nitrogen oxides get into the air we breathe, and therefore into our lungs, blood and mucous membranes.

All of these factors affect performance internal organs, mucous membranes, mutation on cellular level, decreased immunity, increased cancer.

Another example of how human actions negatively affect the nature is Greenhouse effect. Its essence is that the lower layers of the shell the globe heat up and lose their ability to protect us from penetration ultraviolet radiation. What does it threaten? The fact that the average temperature across the planet has already risen by 0.6 degrees Celsius compared to the last century. If it goes on like this, then apart from global warming we will get as a result of melted glaciers, rising water levels in the oceans and flooding of areas that are located near large bodies of water.

The formation of ozone holes in the atmosphere is another large-scale example of how pollution affects the situation in the world. Ozone is a ball of the atmosphere, which is formed at an altitude of 2000-25000 thousand meters and consists mainly of oxygen. Its main task is to keep harmful radiation Sun. In small portions ultra-violet rays are needed by living organisms for the process of photosynthesis and a number of other important reactions, but in large doses they lead to mutations, a decrease in the birth rate and an increase in cancer varying degrees difficulties.

Acid rain is any type of precipitation that contains high level chemical substances(sulfur and nitrogen oxides predominantly). The nature of such atmospheric phenomena such that they can lead to the death of vegetation, insects, fish at different concentrations of harmful substances, reduce the number of crops, and worsen the health of all living things.

Smog is another factor in the impact of pollutants on the atmosphere. This is a layer of dust, gas, chemicals, which in a gaseous (aerosol) state hang over a certain area. What does this threaten us with? Particles from fuel processing, industrial emissions, heavy metals and harmful microorganisms. A moist environment oxidizes them and promotes reproduction and a variety of reactions. Smog can cause respiratory and blood diseases, conjunctivitis, muffled work nervous system and even death.

Ways to solve the problem of air pollution

Atmospheric pollution is a global and large-scale problem that affects every person living on the planet. To protect the gas envelope from harmful inflows, the following control methods are used:

• absorption - a measure to combat the ingress of negative particles, the essence of which is to absorb them with special filters. These installations are small in size and easy to install, and their essence is that they are made of those materials that perfectly absorb and retain harmful fumes;
• oxidation is characterized by burning an unnecessary composition in the air, but it also has a side effect - the formation of carbon dioxide as a product of combustion;
• the catalytic process involves the conversion of gases into solid particles. This option for solving problems is quite effective, but expensive and energy-intensive;
• the mechanical method involves air purification in special installations. Proven to be inefficient and expensive to maintain;
• the newest and most effective is electric fire, as a result of which gas enters special installations, where it is affected by

At the end of 2016, the news spread almost all over the world - the World Health Organization called the air of the planet deadly for humans. What is the reason for this situation and what exactly pollutes the Earth's atmosphere?

All sources of air pollution can be divided into two large groups: natural and man-made. Himself terrible word"pollution" refers to any change in the composition of the air that affects the state of nature, wildlife and humans. Perhaps the main thing here is to understand that the air has always been polluted, since the formation of the planet as it is. It itself is heterogeneous and includes various gases and particles, which is due to its environmental challenge- a mixture of substances in the air protects the planet from the cold of space and the radiation of the sun. At the same time, there is also an air self-cleaning system - mixing of layers due to atmospheric phenomena, settling of heavy particles on the surface, natural air washing by precipitation. And before the advent of man and anthropogenic pollutants, the system worked quite smoothly. However, we leave our mark on the planet every day, which was the reason for the current situation and the WHO statement. But first things first.

Sources of air pollution of natural origin have been identified for a long time. The first in terms of the number of air polluting particles is dust, which appeared due to the constant impact of wind on the soil or wind erosion. This process is especially common in the steppes and deserts, where the wind actually blows away soil particles and carries them into the atmosphere, then the dust particles settle back to the surface of the earth. According to the calculations of scientists, every year 4.6 billion tons of dust pass through such a cycle.

Also major sources of air pollution natural origin volcanoes hit. They annually add to the air from 4 million tons of ash and gases, which then also settle in the soil at a distance of up to 1000 km.

Next place on the list natural pollutants air is occupied by plants. In addition to the fact that the green inhabitants of the planet constantly produce oxygen, however, in addition, they also create molecular nitrogen, hydrogen sulfide, sulfates and methane. In addition, plants supply air great amount pollen, the clouds of which can rise up to 12 thousand kilometers.

The main sources of atmospheric air pollution include forest fires, evaporation of salts from the surface of the seas and oceans, as well as cosmic dust.

Human activities every day create a huge amount of various wastes, which we generously share with the atmosphere. Today, in large industrial cities, one can observe in their own way beautiful, but at the same time terrible phenomena - air with shades of all the colors of the rainbow, orange rains or just chemical fogs. Sources of air pollution in the city are closely related to its life: vehicles, power plants, plants and factories.
Stationary sources of air pollution are all elements of industry located in a certain area and constantly or regularly emitting their waste into the atmosphere. For our state, the most relevant of these pollutants are power plants, mainly thermal, boiler houses, ferrous and non-ferrous metallurgy enterprises, etc. Stationary sources of atmospheric air pollution are now in any large and developed city, since it is still impossible to ensure full-fledged life without them.
It is also necessary to separately mention such sources of air and air pollution as road transport. Today the traffic density in major cities so high that the transport arteries can no longer cope with the flow. In addition, city transport is functioning, and since electric cars have not yet spread widely, which means that city air is replenished with exhaust gases every day.

Analyzing the sources of air pollution in the city in parts, three large groups can be distinguished: mechanical, chemical and radioactive.
The first type primarily includes mechanical dust, which is formed during processing. various materials or their grinding.

Also, mechanical pollutants include sublimates, which are formed during the condensation of liquid vapors used to cool factory equipment, ash, which is created by mineral impurities during combustion, and soot. All these particles form the smallest dust particles, which then move in the city air, mixing with natural dust, and enter our homes. The most dangerous are the smallest particles, which we have already written about in the blog.

Sources of chemical air pollution are also more common than you might think. In fact, every city dweller inhales a full-fledged cocktail of elements periodic table Mendeleev.
. We have already written in more detail about its role and danger in this article, we will not repeat it.
Carbon monoxide. When inhaled, it binds hemoglobin in the blood and prevents the flow of oxygen into the blood, and hence the supply of oxygen to all organs.
. A colorless gas with an unpleasant smell of rotten eggs, when inhaled, it can cause a burning sensation in the throat, reddening of the eyes, respiratory problems, headache and other unpleasant symptoms.

For every inhabitant of Russia, there are now about 200 kg of chemical compounds sprayed into the air.

Sulphur dioxide. It is formed from the combustion of coal and the processing of ore, with prolonged exposure it deprives a person taste sensations and then leads to inflammation. respiratory tract and disorders of the cardiovascular system.
Ozone. A strong oxidizing agent that contributes to the development of oxidative stress.
Hydrocarbons. Petroleum products, both upstream and downstream, are found most in fuel residues, household chemicals, and industrial cleaners.
Lead. Poisonous in any form, now used in acid batteries, paints, including printing, and even ammunition.

Sources of air pollution in settlements now rarely include radioactive materials, but unscrupulous companies do not always comply with the rules for their disposal, and some particles penetrate into ground water, and then together with the vapors - into the air. Already underway active policy to combat radioactive contamination soil, water and air, as such pollutants are extremely dangerous and can cause many deadly diseases.