For a long time I wanted to place here an interview with my beloved and deeply respected Ditmar Elyashevich Rosenthal, which I found in the surviving old issue of Moskovsky Komsomolets. Yesterday I stumbled upon it again and finally finished printing it. There's also a photo of him, but here it's just text (for now).
(I have a question, under Volodya Kirillov - do you mean Igor Kirillov? But this was left "behind the scenes").
THE MOST IMPORTANT LITERATURE
Professor Rosenthal: "Russian is not my native language"
I don't know who is the smartest in our country. The skinniest. The most arrogant. Let Guinness and other lovers of pathology figure it out. But I know for sure who is the most literate. I know for certain the name of a person who, even in delirium, will write the quintessence through "and" and will not miss a comma before the union "to".
In a matter of seconds, he will analyze the composition of a word of 29 letters and explain its etymology.
He knows what parcellation and lexico-phraseological analysis are.
He is 94 years old, but the pencil in his hand does not flinch when, reading the morning papers, he again notes errors in the margins - one, another, third.
The name of this person in my modest advertising, of course, does not need. It has already been circulated in millions of copies on title pages dictionaries, spelling guides and all kinds of manuals. Ditmar Elyashevich Rosenthal. The combination of letters alone inspires awe. His works are admiration and amazement.
I remember back in the tenth grade, the teacher recommended that we prepare for examination dictation by Rosenthal. Then there was prestigious university, seminars on modern Russian and again: Rosenthal, Rosenthal, Rosenthal ... You ask the teacher a logical question: "Why is it written this way, and not that way?" and you get a logical answer: "According to the Rosenthal rule." Did they write before you how God puts on the soul, without any rules?
- Of course not. Rules have always existed, since the time of Lomonosov. I got the most rough work: find sources, select, add, systematize, pick up examples.
- Do you think the Russian language is difficult?
- The most difficult.
- But what about Hungarian and Finnish, in which there are only 14 or 22 cases alone (it doesn’t matter how many, it’s still a lot)?
- They are more structured and therefore easier to learn. In addition, Russian words are much more difficult to pronounce than, say, Finnish.
- What is the most difficult thing?
- Stress system and gender category. Tell me, what kind of word "veil"?
- Female, that is ... no ... male ... that is ...
- Women's. We say "veil", not "veil". But you are absolutely correct. Both in life and in language masculine stronger than the female. It is from him that forms are formed female, and not vice versa: at first there was a strict teacher, and only then his wife appeared, a beautiful teacher. A Russian person feels this himself, he does not know what place, but how to explain the clan system to foreigners? Only with the middle there are no problems: once memorized and free. Neuter gender- the category is established.
- You mentioned the system of stresses. For several years now I have been tormented by the question of how to start or start?
- To start is illiterate, no matter who says it that way.
- Wednesdays or Wednesdays?
- Say what you want, but it's better - on Wednesdays.
- How do you know it's better?
- Pushkin tells me.
- So, Alexander Sergeevich is still more alive than all the living. But it’s interesting, does it happen that you have disputes with modern professors of literature, or is Rosenthal’s authority indisputable?
- Yes you. Still how it happens. We fight all the time. As textbook compilers come to the section "Punctuation", this is how it begins ... The Russian language system is very flexible: you can put a comma, you can not put it, there are cases when punctuation mark set at the choice of the writer. But after all, we are scientists to the marrow of our bones, we want to drive everything into the system so that writing man, for example, a journalist, was not tormented by doubts what to choose: a colon? dash? comma? Sometimes disputes go so far that respectable honored people shout at each other like deputies in the Duma, and then, all red, run to calm down in the corridor.
Have you ever argued to the point of hoarseness?
- Of course. Professor Shansky and I still do not agree on the sound "th". I write everywhere that he is an ordinary voiced, and Nikolai Maksimovich - that he is sonorous.
- Is it very important?
- For me it is fundamental.
Ditmar Elyashevich is generally a man of principle. At the Faculty of Journalism of Moscow State University, where he headed the department of stylistics of the Russian language for twenty-five years, everyone was aware of his remarkable principles. Even gouging students were not afraid to go to the exam, for they knew well: if in admission committee Professor Rosenthal, then less than four points they do not shine.
In life, Ditmar Elyashevich is small and frail. If you put all his works (something about 400 articles and books) in one pile, then their creator will not be visible behind them - the works have outgrown the master. But today the master is head and shoulders above those who studied according to his textbooks, received well-deserved fives, and then he started teaching himself.
Ditmar Elyashevich, help the eternal dream of a loser come true. After all, you can compose an ultra-complex dictation so that even teachers make a lot of mistakes in it?
- (Laughs). Now I'll tell you the recipe - do it yourself at your leisure. As a basis, you need to take the author's text by Leo Tolstoy and cram as many cases of writing "not" with adjectives and participles as possible. For some reason we have recent times decided that they obey common rules, and sculpt in means mass media such that the hairs on the head stand on end.
- So, the modern press is illiterate?
- I would say this: newspapers do not bring the light of literacy to the world. A lot of stylistic mistakes, punctuation, but, most strikingly, spelling is also found. I don’t understand how you can write “little”, but they do. True, one always wants to hope that such egregious cases are marriage. production process, the usual typos.
And here is a more serious example. Remember all this hype around Yeltsin's alleged illness? Our journalists write: "... we hope that he will recover." And I hope too. Only not that he will "recover" - this is illiterate, but that he will "recover".
- It turns out that the democratic press loses to the newspapers of previous years?
- Don't worry. Under Stalin and Brezhnev, newspapermen also did not shine. The only thing that saved them then was the strict standardization and ideologization of the language. True, even under conditions of censorship they managed to indulge me with examples of how not to write: "Wonderful is the scene of the meeting of loaded cars from one collective farm, in which girls are riding, with young Cossacks from another collective farm." By the way, I took the example from Pravda. What you really should be equal to is the printed editions of the past - the beginning of this century.
- How do you feel about words of foreign origin? There is an opinion that we should try to replace them with Russian equivalents: call the broth clear soup, etc.
- I am for the purity of the Russian language, but this does not mean getting rid of the borrowed words we are used to. Listen to what I'm going to say now: I am a student of the philological faculty of St. Petersburg University. Of the whole phrase, only one Russian word is "I". All the rest are borrowed, but nevertheless we perfectly understand the meaning. And now mentally try to replace all words of foreign origin with Russian equivalents. You yourself will get confused, and the number of words in the sentence will approximately triple.
- Are there many borrowings in Russian?
- A lot, about 30%. Get ready, in 5-6 years there will be twice as many of them: "dealers", "distributors" are firmly in use.
- But what about the immortal "Russian language - rich and powerful"?
- Yes, it is not so rich compared to other languages. In his complete dictionary, for example, only 200 thousand words, while in German, including, however, dialects - all 600 thousand.
- 200 thousand is still a lot.
So we don't use them all. There is now a clear downward trend vocabulary Russian-speaking population. In the academic four-volume Ushakov's dictionary - the most popular today - there are already only 88 thousand words, but we have a lot of that. AT best case we actually use 50-55 thousand.
- Well, at least the Russian language gave other languages something?
- Bolshevik, for example.
Ditmar Elyashevich lives in a degraded apartment. It seems to be a large room, a wide corridor, high ceilings, but somehow everything is stupidly arranged. Or maybe the house is uncomfortable because an old man lives alone? The son has his own family; granddaughter - married in Sweden. The most literate person in the country spends all his days in an armchair (his legs almost gave out, and he moves with difficulty, pushing a chair in front of him). On the left is a TV, on the right are newspapers, on the table are dictionaries, and behind the glass of a bookcase are familiar names: Pushkin, Blok, Yesenin. Work continues. Professor Rosenthal has already taught Russian to several generations. And still teach. Every evening, looking out the window, he sees his future students, launching boats in a multi-colored gasoline puddle.
Ditmar Elyashevich, were you born in Moscow?
- Do not believe it, but I first came to Russia when I was 16 years old. Russian is not my native language.
- ???
- I was born in Poland. I went to an ordinary Polish gymnasium in Warsaw. Poland then (beginning of the century - Auth.) was part of the Russian Empire, and therefore at school we are in without fail studied Russian. I will not say that in childhood I loved very much foreign languages, especially since my father always spoke German to us at home.
- Was he German?
- No, but he adored Germany and worked there as an economist for many years. When he had children, he gave us german names. So I became Dietmar and my brother became Oskar.
- How did you end up in Moscow?
- They fled to relatives when Poland turned into a military training ground. It was during World War I.
- And went to a Russian school?
- Yes.
- Were there any difficulties at first? Still, a foreign language, although related to Polish.
I have always been pathologically literate.
- And your relatives: is literacy in your blood?
Well, my mother didn't have to write much. She was a housewife, although she spoke three languages fluently: with my father in German, with me and Oskar in Polish, and on the street in Russian. But my brother (he was an economist) made mistakes, and I corrected them when I read his works.
- What did you do after graduation?
- Entered the Moscow University, on the historical Faculty of Philology: Over time, I became very interested in foreign languages.
- How many languages do you know?
- About 12. When I graduated from the university, I knew six. Don't make such a surprised face - I was a perfectly average student. Some graduates were fluent in Arabic, Thai and Hindi. My set was standard: Latin, Greek, of course, English with French. Well, I learned Swedish.
- Do you still remember?
- Swedish? Of course not. I do not use it. In reality, I now remember three languages that divided spheres of influence in my head: I speak Russian, I count in Polish, and I mentally express my emotions in Italian.
- In Italian?
- Everyone knows me as a professor of the Russian language and often forget that I wrote the very first university textbook of Italian. The classics of Italian literature also came out in my translations.
- Could you write 400 books on grammar and spelling of the Polish language?
- Could. But I had to thank Russia. Enlightenment is the best gratitude.
- You have lived all (almost all) your life in Moscow. Do we Muscovites have our own special pronunciation?
- Compared to St. Petersburg, Moscow pronunciation has always been considered reduced: Moscow - merchant, St. Petersburg - noble. True, now Muscovites are more and more aiming at the “nobles”. It is no longer acceptable to say the old Moscow "brown". It should be pronounced "brown". But "buloshnaya" and "of course" through "sh" remain a legitimate Moscow privilege.
- Do people in Moscow speak the same way?
- Traditionally, the inhabitants of the Arbat spoke more correctly. Representatives of the Russian intelligentsia lived here from time immemorial, and therefore there was no need to hear profanity here, and no one confused “put on” with “put on”. Not like now.
It seems that, having written a mountain of books on how to speak and write correctly, Professor Rosenthal must forget the normal human words and start all your phrases with "Would you be so kind..." However, Ditmar Elyashevich's colleagues revealed a secret to me. It turns out that the famous professor did not disdain rude words. Once, while conducting a meeting of the department, he noticed that the teachers stealthily eat apples, and reacted "in our way": "Not only do they not listen, they also eat!" Respected Rosenthal and student jargon.
"How are you?" his colleagues asked.
"Normal", - answered the professor.
Let's return to your service at Moscow University. Rumor has it that there was a time when the appointment to the post of head of the department was signed by the KGB ...
- Personally, the KGB did not offer me to cooperate. Probably, my origin, nationality aroused suspicion. But I knew for sure that in our team, under the guise of a cute stylistics teacher, there is a representative of the authorities who knocks upstairs about every step - mine and my colleagues.
- This is probably why I always had the feeling that you take examples for your rules from final materials party congresses.
- I had to use ideological examples. Approximately 30% of the vocabulary had to be of a certain orientation, and the censor strictly followed this. There was also a list of writers, headed by Gorky and Sholokhov, whose works I was obliged to quote. And, of course, it was impossible to do without Marx and Engels. I imagine how many heads would fly if I took it into my head to use examples from Solzhenitsyn or Mandelstam!
- Let's sum it up: you have 3 higher education, you wrote 400 textbooks and articles, edited dictionaries, taught at Moscow State University, headed the Department of Russian Language Stylistics at the Faculty of Journalism…
- I taught not only at Moscow State University, but also on TV. Valya Leontyeva, Volodya Kirillov - these are all my students. Before the broadcast, we gathered in the studio, did pronunciation exercises, wrote test papers. And after the broadcast, I sorted out their mistakes with them.
- And who was the best student?
- I don't want to offend anyone. Everyone was talented, but Volodya - especially. It is no coincidence that it was he who later defended himself and became a professor of the Russian language.
In general, tell all my students, especially your fellow journalists, that I remember them all, read them and scold myself for mistakes.
DITMAR ELYASHEVICH ROZENTAL
(1900-1994)
In 1923 he graduated from the Faculty of History and Philology of the Moscow state university, and in 1924 - Faculty of Economics Moscow Commercial Institute (now - Russian the University of Economics them. G.V. Plekhanov).
After graduating from universities, he entered graduate school Russian Association research institutes social sciences Institute of Language and Literature, specialized in Italian and literature. During his studies, he did an internship in Italy, where he studied local dialects. As a result of the internship, he wrote an Italian language textbook for universities, compiled Italian-Russian and Russian-Italian dictionaries.
Since 1922 taught at the school of the second stage, since 1923 - in high school at the worker's faculty Artyom.
In 1927 he was invited to Moscow State University as a teacher of Polonist studies at the Faculty of Ethnology.
In 1940-1962. taught at the Moscow Polygraphic Institute, at the All-Union Planning Academy, the Moscow Correspondence Pedagogical Institute.
He was a member of the Spelling Commission of the Institute of the Russian Language of the USSR Academy of Sciences, carried out scientific editing of textbooks and dictionaries, scientific and methodological collections, was deputy editor-in-chief of the journal "Russian Language at School" (1938-1962).
In 1949 for the high school textbook “Italian language. Elementary Course» D.E. Rosenthal was awarded the Ph.D. pedagogical sciences. In 1961 he received academic title professor.
From 1962 to 1987, he headed the Department of Stylistics of the Russian Language, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov, then became a professor of this department. As a professor-consultant, he remained in this department until the end of his life.
In May 1962, he headed the office "Russian Language Abroad" at the Faculty of Philology of the Moscow State University. M.V. Lomonosov. He taught Russian and spoke at conferences in Italy, Germany, Romania, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, Poland, Austria, Czechoslovakia.
D.E. Rosenthal was a member of many Councils, including the Educational and Methodological Council of the Ministry of Education of the RSFSR, the Scientific and Technical Council of the Ministry of Higher and Secondary special education USSR.
Main works: « Difficult questions grammar and spelling”, “Practical stylistics of the Russian language”, “Russian language manual for applicants to universities”, “Literary editing” (co-authored with K.I. Bylinsky), “ Difficult cases punctuation”, “Issues of Russian spelling. Practical guide"," A guide to spelling and literary editing”, “Spelling and punctuation. Rules and exercises. Tutorial"," Dictionary-reference linguistic terms”(co-authored with M.A. Telenkova), “Management in the Russian language. Dictionary-reference book”, “Modern Russian language” (co-authored with M.A. Telenkova and I.B. Golub).
Russian language. Exercises and comments. Rosenthal D.E.
M.: 2011. - 352 p.
The manual contains practical exercises varying degrees difficulties in the main sections school course Russian language. Theoretical information that is presented at the end of each topic will help to check the correctness of the exercises and to systematize and deepen knowledge. school curriculum In Russian. The manual will help prepare for the exam and pass it on the most high score. This new edition of the well-known manual will be equally useful to schoolchildren, students, teachers, as well as anyone who wants to master the Russian language perfectly.
Format: pdf
The size: 2.4 MB
File:
CONTENT
SPELLING
Vowel spelling 3
§ 1. Checked unstressed vowels in root 3
§ 2. Unverifiable unstressed vowels in root 6
§ 3. Alternating vowels in root 7
§ 4. Spelling of vowels in prefixes 14
§ 5. Spelling O and £ after hissing 17
§ 6. Vowels after C 21
Spelling of consonants 23
§ 7. Voiced and deaf consonants in the root 23
§ 8. Prefixes for 3 and prefix C-24
§ 9. Silent consonants 27
§ 10. Double consonants 29
The use of the letters b and b 32
§ 11. Dividing b and b 32
§ 12. The use of the letter b in words different parts speeches after hissing 34
Spelling endings 36
§ 13. Nouns 36
§ 14. Adjectives 37
§ 15. Verbs 38
§ 16. Participles 43
Spelling suffixes 44
§ 17. Nouns 44
§ 18. Adjectives 46
§ 19. Verbs 52
§ 20. Participles 56
§ 21. Spelling I and HH 61
Particle Spelling 68
§ 22. Spelling NOT and NOR 68
Spelling compound words 82
Section 23. Compound nouns 82
Section 24. Compound adjectives 85
Spelling of adverbs 89
§ 25. Merged, hyphenated and separate spelling adverbs 89
Spelling of prepositions and conjunctions 99
§ 26. Prepositions 99
§ 27. Unions 101
Use of capital letters 106
Section 28. Capital letters in proper names 106
Stress and pronunciation 125
§ 29. Stress in words and forms of different parts of speech 125
§ 30. Pronunciation of consonants before the vowel E 128
MORPHOLOGY
Parts of speech 132
§ 31. Noun 133
§ 32. Adjective 135
§ 33. Name numeral 137
§ 34. Pronoun 140
§ 35. Verb 143
§ 36. Adverb 147
§ 37. Preposition 149
§ 38. Union 149
§ 39. Particles 152
SYNTAX. PUNCTUATION
SIMPLE SENTENCE
§ 40. Types of communication in a phrase and a sentence 153
§ 41. Types of sentences 169
The main members of the proposal 172
§ 42. Ways of expressing the subject 172
§ 43. Types of predicate 173
§ 44. Agreement of the predicate with the subject 180
§ 45. Dash between subject and predicate 182
Secondary members of sentence 185
§ 46 Addendum 185
§ 47 Definition 188
§ 48 Annex 191
§ 49. Circumstances 193
One-part sentences 196
§ 50. Types one-part sentences 196
Proposals with homogeneous members 202
§ 51. Homogeneous Members offers 202
Offers with separate minor members 215
§ 52. Separate definitions 215
§ 53. Standalone Applications 228
§ 54. Separate circumstances 234
§ 55. Clarifying separate members offers 245
Appeal. Introductory words and offers 252
Section 56 Appeal 252
§ 57. Introductory words and sentences 253
Direct and indirect speech 266
§ 58. Direct speech. Dialogue 266
§ 59. Indirect speech 276
§ 60. Quotations and punctuation marks with them 278
DIFFICULT SENTENCE
Allied complex sentences 279
§ 61. Compound sentence 279
§ 62. Complex sentence 284
Associative compound sentences 296
§ 63. semantic relationships between the parts of the unionless complex
offers 296
Complex syntactic constructions 303
§ 64. Methods for the formation of complex syntactic constructions. . 303
REPETITION OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF CONNECTED SPEECH
§ 65. Plan. Abstracts. Abstract 322
§ 66. Presentations and compositions 331
Conditional abbreviations 345
Unstressed vowels of the root are checked by stress, i.e. the same vowel is written in the unstressed syllable as in the corresponding stressed syllable of the single-root word, for example: try on(measure) costume - reconcile(world) neighbors; fluttering(weave) flag - evolving(development) industry.
Wed different spelling of unstressed vowels of the root in words similar in sound: climb up(in pocket) - lick(wounds) boil(potato) - open(Door), caress(cat) - rinse(mouth), clip-on(collar) - clip-on(about a horse) thin out(shoots) - discharge(gun), belittle(meaning) - beg(about mercy), etc.
Note 1. Vowels about – a in unstressed verb roots perfect look cannot be checked with forms of an imperfect form on -yvat (- ive ), for example: be late (late, although be late), cut (cut, although cut out).
Note 2. In some words foreign origin with a suffix distinguished only etymologically, the spelling of an unstressed vowel cannot be checked with a single-root word if the checked and check vowels are part of the suffixes various origins, for example: subscription (-ment goes back to the French suffix), although subscribe (-ing goes back to the German suffix); accompaniment, although accompany; engagement, although engage. Wed also a similar phenomenon in the composition of a foreign root: apperceive, although apperception; disinfect, although disinfection. The root vowel is preserved in words injection - inject, projection - project and some others.
§ 2. Unverifiable unstressed vowels
The spelling of unstressed vowels that cannot be checked by stress is determined by spelling dictionary, for example: badminton, concrete, twine, can, bodyaga, briolin, validol, cheesecake, ventilation, vestibule, ham, vinaigrette, dysentery, jerking off, intelligentsia, kalamyanka, kalach, closet, loaf, cuttlefish, holster, layout, burner, head of cabbage, koschey, amulet, magarych, madapolam, obsession, front garden, pantopon, ferry, periphery, minnow, pigalitsa, plasticine, privilege, rump steak, rotaprint, bullfinch, smelt, scholarship, brake, thorny, elixir, overpass and many others.
§ 3. Alternating vowels
1. Fundamentally gar- - mountains- written under stress a , without stress - about : zag á r - zag about rély, ug about tret.
Exceptions:benefits a rki, uzg a r, prug a p(special and dialect words).
2. Fundamentally zar- - zor- a :h á revo, s ó rka - h a rnutsa, oz a ryat.
Exceptions:h about ryanka, s about roar.
3. Fundamentally kas- – kos- spelled about n , in other cases - a : to a sit down, to a satelnaya - to about sleep, prick about drifting.
4. Fundamentally clan- – clone- a vowel is written under stress in accordance with pronunciation, without stress - about :class á snuggle, snuggle ó n - pokl about snuggle, swear about ignorance.
5. In an unstressed root lag- - lie- before G spelled a , before and – about :offer a gat, adj a gatele - suggestion about horror, region about marriage.
Exception:gender about G lag- - lie- ).
6. Root poppy- found in verbs meaning "immerse in liquid": m a roll crackers into tea, obm a to stick the pen into the ink. Root mok- contained in verbs with the meaning "to pass liquid": you m about whip in the rain, prom about whip what is written. The rule applies to derivative words: m a canoeing, prom about rolling paper, non-industrial about cloak.
7. Fundamentally floating a vowel sound can be stressed and unstressed: pl á wat, pl a take into account, popl a wok. Root pilaf- contained in words pl about vets and pl about sneeze; root swim- - in the word pl s woons.
8. Root equal- available in words with the meaning "equal, identical, on a par": ur a opinion, cf. a understand, then a join(get even). Root even- - in words with the meaning "smooth, straight, smooth": zar about take in, r about vesnik, cf. about heed, ur about vein. Wed: sub a heed(make equal) - sub about heed(make it even) exp a external(made equal) - exp about external(made even).
9. Fundamentally ras- – ros- spelled a if followed by a consonant t (also before sch ); in other cases it is written about : R a sti, nar a schenie - expression about sshiy, zar about sl, por about sl.
Exceptions:neg a sl, r about stock, vyr about stock, r about janitor, R about stov and etc.
10. In an unstressed root skak- - skoch- before to spelled a , before h – about : podsk a kat - prompt about a little.
Exceptions:ck a chock, ck a chy.
11. Fundamentally creature- - creative- a vowel is written under stress in accordance with pronunciation, without stress - about :tv á r, tv ó rchestvo - tv about rit, tv about rec.
Exception:utv a p(semantically no longer associated with the root creature- - creative- ).
12. in the roots ber- - bir-, der- - dir-, mer- - world-, per- - fir-, ter- - tir-, glitter- - blist-, zheg- - zhig-, stel- - stil-, even- - chit- spelled and -a- : sob and army, ass and army, deputy and army, zap and army, st and army, bl and become, szh and go, calculus and tat, dist and lat; in other cases it is written e : b e ru, d e ru, mind e ret, zap e ret, st e tret, bl e stet, survive e shitty, vych e t, dist e pour.
Exceptions:Op. e tat, op e dancing.
13. In roots with alternation a (i) - them, a (i) - in are written them and in , if followed by a suffix -a- : szh a t - szh and mother, adj a t - press and mother, different I t - different and mother, sub I t - lower and mother, sub I t - under and nat, please a t - please and mother, pon I t - mon and mother, beginning a t - beginning and nat. Wed: ext and motherly, close and remind, remind and nat, prim and nat and others. In derivative forms, the them , even if the suffix does not follow -a- , for example: sn and mu, sn and mi, sub and mu, podn and mi etc.
Ditmar Elyashevich Rosenthal (December 19, 1900, Lodz, Kingdom of Poland, Russian empire- July 29, 1994, Moscow, Russian Federation) is a Soviet and Russian linguist, author of numerous works on the Russian language.
Candidate of Pedagogical Sciences (1952), professor (1962).
Dietmar Rosenthal was born in Lodz (Poland) to a Jewish family. In his early youth he lived in Berlin, where his father worked. In Moscow since 1914. Until 1918 he studied at the 15th Moscow (Warsaw) gymnasium. Since 1918 - at Moscow University (graduated in 1923 with a degree in Italian), Institute National economy named after K. Marx (graduated in 1924); then - in RANION (1924-1926; graduate student, researcher).
From 1922 to 1923 he taught at a secondary school, from 1923 - at a higher school (Workers' Faculty named after Artyom, 1923-1936). Further places of work - the philological faculty of the 1st Moscow State University, since 1927; Moscow printing institute, 1940-1962; Faculty of Journalism. Professor, Head of the Department of Stylistics of the Russian Language, Faculty of Journalism, Moscow State University in 1962-1986. For a long time led the faculty group of television and radio announcers of the USSR.
Rosenthal created an Italian language textbook for universities, Russian-Italian and Italian-Russian dictionaries; translated into Russian the works of Italian writers.
Rosenthal was not an academic specialist in the linguistics of the Russian language, the degree of candidate of pedagogical sciences was awarded to him honoris causa for the textbook of the Italian language. Nevertheless, he is considered the founder (together with Professor K.I. Bylinsky) practical style, one of the main developers and interpreters of the rules of modern Russian spelling.
Author of more than 150 textbooks (published since 1925), manuals, reference books, dictionaries, popular books, and research work on the Russian language, culture of speech, style, spelling, linguodidactics.
Books signed with the name of D.E. Rosenthal, continue to be published in revised editions.
The Russian language was not for D.E. Rosenthal to his relatives: he spoke German with his father, and Polish with his mother and brother. In total, he knew about twelve languages, including Italian, Latin, Greek, English, French, Swedish.
Books (12)
The book teaches students in an accessible and entertaining way about expressive means of the Russian language, revealing the secrets of the use of words, their compatibility, rules and subtleties of use grammatical forms. For high school students.
When breakage occurs public structures, legal consciousness, culture, intellectual and spiritual life of society, language is at the epicenter of all these upheavals. And therefore, reviving the spirituality of our society, it is necessary to think about good speech, preserve the richness of the Russian language and learn how to use it.
The book tells about the features of correct Russian speech, helps to avoid common speech errors. On the interesting examples of high artistic skill of Russian writers, poets, publicists, various stylistic devices enhancing the expressiveness, emotionality of speech.
The book is addressed to everyone who seeks to improve the culture of speech, to master the art of public speaking, develop a sense of style.
Dictionary of difficulties of the Russian language
The "Dictionary ..." contains about 20,000 words representing difficulties of a different nature.
The reader will receive information about spelling, pronunciation, word formation, learn grammar and stylistic characteristic words, possible compatibility, control words.
Modern Russian
The manual contains all sections of the modern Russian language course: vocabulary and phraseology, phonetics and graphics, spelling and orthoepy, word formation, morphology and syntax. All theoretical information is illustrated by examples from works of fiction, journalistic, popular science literature.
Various exercises of training and creative nature to secure the material.
