ANSWERS:
1. c 2. b 3. b 4. d 5. c 6 a 7. d 8.

On the classroom hours for six months, in the order of general familiarization with the plans for the offensive and counter-offensive of the Second World War, dates, the heroism of the struggle, students got acquainted with the materials of the quiz in the form of a catechism. So the teams of 5 brain-ring sites were formed.

This is the first - introductory stage of work with students.

At the second stage, meetings were held with veterans of the Great Patriotic War, who were invited to the jury of the competition by the Council of Veterans of Moscow, generals - participants in the Great Patriotic War: A.I. Vlasov, A.N. Rapota. A.I. Vlasov edited the materials of the quizzes, delivered a fiery speech to the glory of the Russian winners, spoke about his work as a miner, that he “passed through” minefields with his hands. Rapota revealed the content of staff work. The beneficial effect on the students of the meetings was noticeable: uniforms, fluency in the material, tears of memories.

The third stage included doc views. films: “WWII Combat Awards” and “WWII Military Equipment”.

The fourth stage is the Brain-ring of 5 teams of 8-10 people.

Brain-ring tasks.

1. Questions - “machine gun” general plan on the bright facts of the history of the Second World War, where unambiguous answers are required. Each task has its own score in max points.

2. Protection of the motto, emblems of the team, introduction of the team captain.

3. Competition of captains “No one is forgotten, nothing is forgotten” Here, on 6 cards, the names of the heroes of the Great Patriotic War are printed. The captains choose numbered cards and call merit one by one. The pace and completeness of the response are taken into account.

4. Work on the contour maps of the European part of the USSR. 6 “empty” ones have been prepared, where it is schematically necessary to designate in two colors the plans for the offensive and the counter-main battles of the Second World War. This is an assignment for the whole group and is evaluated for content and time.

5. On identical cards, the names of code operations are distributed, this task is for the whole group, it is evaluated in terms of content and time

6. Assignments for the group: dates, commanders and leaders, bridgeheads and lines are indicated on identical cards, work is evaluated in terms of content and time.

7. The artistic part of the competition includes a task for the speed of reaction “The Muses were not silent”, a task on posters where reproductions of monuments with lyrics about the war are pasted, you need to either sing or continue the lyrics, indicate the location, name, author of the monument.

The fifth stage of the competition takes place in a month in the form of conferences.

Topics of reports:

1. Myths, versions of the second world.
2. The main reasons and the price of VICTORY in the Second World War.
3. Who benefited from the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact
4. Intelligence service.
5. Captivity, concentration camp regime, loss statistics.
6. historical memory about the war in my family.
7. Penal battalions.
8. Trench and headquarters truth about the war.
9. My favorite war book.
10. My favorite war movie.

I didn’t even imagine that modern students would show a genuine interest in military theme: showed books by E. Syanova, brought printouts from websites, from family album- old photographs, but the most touching was that the newly arrived 1st year students asked to see material on the war. Denis Pyanykh and Vladimir Pechnikov became winners in the competition, although one seemed to me “quiet” and the other a cynical student. For me, the daughter of a war veteran, the commander of the war theme seems boundless and bitter, relevant and little known.

1. How many countries took part in the war?
(61)

2. How many million people took part in the war?
(110 million)

3. What are the human losses in the war?
(65–67 million)

4. What are the losses of the population of the USSR in the war?
(Direct 27-30 million, indirect - 50 million; less than 3% of the first draft in 1941 remained).

5. What is the periodization of the Second World War? What is the periodization of WWII?
- A: September 1, 1939 - December 1941 - the expanding aggression of Germany;
- B: November 1942 - January 1944 - the time of a radical change, when the initiative to conduct the battle passes to the Red Army;
- V: January 1944 - September 1945 - the final stage of the defeat of fascism. During the Great Patriotic War, the victories in the Battle of Stalingrad and on Kursk Bulge.
- G: WWII - June 22, 1941 - May 09, 1945).

6. What is behind these dates?
- September 01, 1939 (German attack on Poland and the beginning of the Second World War);
- June 22, 1941 (German attack on the USSR, the beginning of the Patriotic War);
- 09/08/41 - January 1944 (Siege of Leningrad)
- July 10 - September 10, 1941 ( Smolensk battle; it can be considered the first line of defense of Moscow).
- July 11 - September 14, 1941 (Defense of Kyiv and the encirclement of a large group of the Red Army);
- August 05 - October 10, 1941 (Defense of Odessa);
- September 30 - December 05, 1941 - April 20, 1942 (Defensive and offensive stages of the Moscow battle);
- October 30, 1941 - July 4, 1942 (Defense of Sevastopol);
- July 17-November 18, 1942 - February 02, 1943 (Defensive and offensive stages Battle of Stalingrad; for the first time in Germany they declared a 3-day mourning);
- July 05 - August 23, 1943 (Battle of the Kursk Bulge);
- August 05, 1943 (First salute in honor of the victories of the Red Army, Orel);
- August 22 - December 1943 (Battle for Kyiv, forcing the Dnieper);
- March 26, 1944 (the Red Army comes to the border with Romania);
- June 06, 1944 (The second front was opened in the north of Europe);
- April 24 - May 01, 1945 (encirclement of Berlin);
- April 30, 1945 (The Red Banner was hoisted over the Reichstag);
- May 05–09, 1945 (Destruction of the fascist group in Prague);
- May 09, 1945 (Victory Day)
- September 02, 194 (The Reims Pact on the surrender of Japan was signed, this is the day the Second World War ended).

7. Name the allies of Germany in the 30s of the 20th century.
(Italy, Japan, Romania 1940, Hungary, Bulgaria, Slovenia, Croatia, Finland).

8. What are the hotbeds of aggression that spoke about the preparation for war and the violation of the Versailles system of treaties.
(Japan: provocations against the USSR in the area of ​​Lake Khasan - the area of ​​Mount Bezymyannaya near Vladivostok (1938) and on the Khalkhin-Gol River in Mongolia (1939); invasion of Northern and Central China, planning to seize all of Indochina (since 1937);
Germany: (capture of 50 km of the Rhine zone (1935); annexation of Austria in 1938, anschluss of Czechoslovakia in 1938 - or connivance of German aggression or an apology for "Versailles"?).
Italy: the capture of Ethiopia (1935), then Albania, and before the war attacked Greece.

These countries called themselves the "Anti-Comintern Pact", thus emphasizing the anti-communist orientation).

9. How did liberal-democratic Europe react to the facts of aggression?

(England and France concluded treaties of mutual assistance with Poland and Czechoslovakia (1935). The USSR wished to join them, but the small countries flatly refused. with China. The League of Nations discussed definitions of the aggressor, but without any sanctions against him. However, it organized aid to revolutionary Spain in 1936 from 54 countries. In 1939, negotiations began on a system of collective security in Moscow: the USSR - England - France, but they ended without result because the status of the Anglo-French representatives did not correspond).

10. Why did the 1939 negotiations between the USSR - England - France ended with the USSR deciding to sign an agreement with the aggressor country - Germany: the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact with secret agreements on the division of small countries: Poland and the Baltic states?

A: England conducted secret negotiations with Germany (the Hess mission) and demanded guarantees from her to stop expansion in Europe in exchange for - what? (This is still classified!). All that is known is that Germany hoped to regain her colonies;

B: The USSR suspected England of a double game, especially since she did not take into account any territorial claims THE USSR. Of course, no one in the USSR was talking about the world revolution and the export of the revolution, but the Curzon line - the buffer zone between capitalism and socialism - was remembered in all the Foreign Ministries, and this zone included those lands of tsarist Russia that the Soviets lost in 1920. Everyone suspected each other, and everyone had their own interests in the first place).

11. Which countries did not fall under the shadow of the swastika, that is, they remained neutral?
(Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, Portugal, Turkey).

12. What were true goals USSR and Germany under the Ribbentrop-Molotov Pact? What assessments can be given to the pact of August 23, 1939 and the Treaty of Friendship and Borders of September 28, 1919? Who is to blame for starting the war?

A: Germany avoids a war on two fronts, the USSR does not limit its actions in any way, the USSR has a weak combat capability after repressions in the army, when the highest military was destroyed by 80%. officers, the USSR will supply Germany with strategic raw materials and products, the pact unleashed the hands of Germany in Europe, and at the expense of Europe it increased its military potential by 5-6 times. Hitler beat Stalin.? Or did Stalin delay the attack on the USSR? What was the reaction of the international communist movement (Comintern) to the Pact of 23.08.39? In 1935 there was the Congress of the Comintern, where they condemned the ideology and practice of fascism! It is obvious that the USSR has lost friends and agents.

B: The USSR in Poland will get its own - new territories will push back the borders, the capitalists will exhaust each other with a protracted war, and then the conditions will be dictated by the USSR “rattling armor, shining with the brilliance of steel, the Red Army will go on a furious campaign so that all of Europe becomes proletarian. V. Nabokov wrote: “get rid of, I beg you, the soul will not forgive anyone for aggression” But the division did not end in Poland: the USSR captured Bukovina - Hitler sent troops to Romania and ordered Transylvania to be given to Hungary, Dobruja to Bulgaria, plans were discussed to divide the Balkans and Middle East. Such is the practice of the section.

The conclusion suggests itself: at first, England and France pursued a policy of condoning aggression, a policy of appeasing aggression, mainly directing it to the east, to Soviet Russia, and then the USSR embarked on the path of aggression: for example, the Soviet-Finnish winter war of November 1939 - March 1940. The USSR ceases hostilities without going over main frontier- The Mannerheim Lines, because England threatened to bomb Baku. The Versailles system robbed the German people and gave rise to the idea of ​​revanchism and the idea of ​​Nazism, the antagonism of socialism and capitalism; pursued a policy of flirting with the aggressor; revealed the immoral and cynical calculations of the leaders of totalitarian regimes.

13. Is there evidence that the USSR itself was preparing for a preventive, pre-emptive strike?
(There are records of conversations (not all archives are open yet), but the statistics on the preparation of a war with little bloodshed on foreign territory are well known: on the border strip of 200 km without cover there were 14 thousand wagons of ammunition, 4.3 thousand wagons of weapons, 100 tons fuel, 1.5 thousand KV and T-26 tanks, 7–8 thousand guns, 6,000,247 divisions, 12 thousand aircraft, 1,200 aircraft were destroyed on the first day! enemy 15-20 minutes - before the arrival of the troops, but we also remember the Brest Fortress, where fierce battles went on for more than a month.

14. What did Germany receive from the USSR under the agreement?
(52% of exports were to Germany, 50% phosphates, 62% chromium, 40% manganese, 75% oil, 77% grain, 2.4 tons of platinum…).

15. How did the Wehrmacht campaign unfold after the 35-day war in Poland?
(Belgium - 19 days, Denmark - 1 day, Norway - 63 days, Holland - 5 days, France 44 days, air battle 9 months went for England, also the FAA attack in 1944 and England survived.)

16. When was the Barbarossa plan developed?
(July-December 1940).

17. What was the content of the Barbarossa plan?
- The strategic basis is a plan for a lightning capture: in 6-8 weeks, reach the Arkhangelsk-Astrakhan line in three groups: North, Center, South.
- Tactical basis: under air cover, tanks carry out breakthroughs, followed by motorized infantry;
- The biological basis: the destruction and resettlement of peoples in the order of their usefulness, the mechanisms of crimes against humanity are recorded in the plan "Ost" - Goering's green folder.

18. In which centers 18 million people died; are they symbols of the shame and pain of mankind?
(Auschwitz, Majdanek, Treblinka, Dachau, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Ravensbrut, Olomoutz, Mauthausen… 1,100 concentration camps, 18 million passed through them, 12 million died, of which 3.3 million were Soviet people).

19. What tactics did the Red Army develop after overcoming the shock from the breakthroughs of the German troops?
(There is no close reserve, pillboxes and pillboxes in the rear of the Germans, fear of captivity and encirclement, lack of communications, sufficient weapons, lack of food, forced them to switch to forced defense.)

20. What is the tragedy of Katyn?

(About 244,000 prisoners in the conquered territories, some of the soldiers were released, and about 22,000 people among the Polish intelligentsia, the USSR command decided to shoot them, 60,000 were exiled to Siberia and Kazakhstan; the rest went to Krainov’s army (since 1942), which will be subsequently act on the side of the allies.The executed were buried in Katyn, in the village of Mednoe (near Tver), in the forests near Kharkov.)

21. What ultimatum was presented to Poland by Germany, having prepared a conquest plan - the Weiss plan?
(Poland must join the Anti-Comintern Pact, transfer the city of Danzig (Gdansk) and polish corridor to Baltic Sea, which "cut" the German lands according to the decisions of the Versailles system.

22. On what occasion did the joint German-Soviet military parade take place in Brest on September 22, 1940?
(Concerning the victory over Poland, the brigade commander S. Krivoshchein and General Guderian took over the parade. Or was it just completed joint exercises?)

23. What associations of the Red Army were able to resist with superior enemy forces?
(Northern Front - delayed the offensive under the leadership of Mr. M. Popov; the defenders of Liepaja - the rifle division of General Mr. P. Dedayev; near Novgorod Manstein's army was held back by the mechanized corps of General I. Chernyakhovsky; 41- M. Mikushev's division defended Rava-Russa for 2 weeks; N. Dementiev's division - Przemysl; General Guderian - when crossing the Berezina, motorized riflemen A. Lizyukov and A. Kreizer held back; in the first days, Kleist's army lost 42 tanks; Vladimir-Volynsky defended the artillery brigade of K. Moskalenko; the mechanized corps of General Ryabyshev did not allow to break through to Kyiv. From this we conclude: in a catastrophic situation in the organization of the resistance of the Red Army, the soldiers did their duty, even when they lost technical communication with the Headquarters).

24. What losses did the armies of the Red Army suffer in the period - summer-autumn 1941?
(18 thousand aircraft, 25 thousand tanks, 100 thousand guns and mortars, 248 divisions - 6 armies, 65 million - occupied, 3.8 million - captured.)

25. How did the Headquarters react to the situation of retreat?
(On Aug. 4, 1941, Order No. 270 appears, according to which the prisoners are called traitors. And such “traitors” were declared by Gen.–Lt. Ponedelin, Gen.–Lt. Kachalov, who had already fallen in battle, Gen.–Lt. Kirillov, who covered the retreat (destroyed, posthumously rehabilitated in 1956), General D. Pavlov and his deputies, who were shot for the surrender of Minsk on June 28, 1941; initial phase war were condemned 60 thousand officers. By Order No. 227 of July 28, 1942, during the breakthrough to Stalingrad, the directive “Not a step back!” Was announced, penal battalions and detachments were organized. At the same time, evacuation, the formation of reserves, bunkers (up to 37 m in depth) were carried out.

26. What are the results of German aggression before the attack on the USSR?
(In Europe, only Great Britain stood against fascism, in Asia - according to the Kantokuen plan - Japan controls the territory from N. Guinea to the Aleutian Islands, occupying Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, Burma, Indonesia, the Philippines. One can imagine what raw materials and other wealth were treacherously obtained by Japan from these territories, and now the Japanese are declaring an intellectual breakthrough of their nation, and are expressing claims to the USSR regarding Kuril Islands. Germany takes full control of the Balkans, in Africa varying success(Rommil's African corps did not reach the Suez Canal), Greece managed to recapture part of Albania from Italy, 10 Italian. armies were defeated by British troops under the command of Gen. A. Wavell).

27. What is the content of the Atlantic Charter (September 1941)?

(Great Britain, the USA, the USSR and representatives of the progressive forces of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Poland, the Netherlands, Yugoslavia, Norway, Luxembourg, France - publicly proclaimed the goals of the fight against fascist aggression. The US Senate adopted the Lend-Lease program - free of charge military aid countries fighting against fascism. Under this program, the USSR was to receive: 100 bombers, 300 fighters, 800 tanks, $1 billion interest-free loan. Negotiations on assistance to the USSR from England began on July 12, 1941. It is believed that this was an attempt to prevent possible separate agreements between the USSR and Germany, however material aid received only after the Moscow battle (except for 50 British tanks).

28. The name and goals of the three groups of the Wehrmacht according to the plan "Barbarossa"? Who led the fronts that closed the border of the USSR?
(- Group "North" (gen.-feldt-l Leeb) - LENINGRAD - Northern front - gene-l.M.Popov, North-western - gene-p.F.Kuznetsov and gene.
- Group "Center" (General Feldt-l von Bock) - MOSCOW - Western Front - General D. Pavlov - shot;
- Group "South" (gen-feld-l von Runstedt) - UKRAINE and CAUCASUS - South-West: Gen. - Colonel - M. Kirponos - died, Yuzhny - Gen. I. Tyulenev).

29. Who led naval forces THE USSR?
(Northern Fleet - Adm. A. Golovko, Baltic Vice Adm. V. Tributs, Chernomorsky - Vice Adm. F. Oktyabrsky. In the fleets, there were the least losses - they received the directive of the General Staff on full combat readiness in just 2 hours before the start of the war.)

30. What are the results of the offensive operations of the Wehrmacht in the summer of 1941?
- The "North" group did not achieve the main task - to surround the city in 80 days, smash warehouses, cause a food riot and an uprising against Soviet power. The surrounded city worked and fought, not allowing forces to be transferred to other directions;
- "South" was repulsed by a counterattack by the defenders of Kyiv, the enemy makes a roundabout maneuver in the direction of Odessa, where he broke through to the city, the city held out for 70 days, until October 16, then the blow was struck at Sevastopol - 200 days of defense divert the Wehrmacht forces from the center to the south, . “Center” helps here, and this will be recognized later in the General Staff of the Wehrmacht fatal mistake Hitler.
- 2 tank army of Kleist from Zhytomyr and 2 tank army of Guderian from gr. Center was surrounded by 660,000 people in 2.5 months. southwestern front. Front commander M.P. Kirponos fell in battle, there were facts of suicide in this tragedy. Group "South" gets operational scope: advancing on Poltava, Crimea, Kharkov.
– Group “Center” carried out main task: to capture and destroy Moscow and the path to the goal lay through Smolensk. Minsk fell on June 28, Smolensk was taken on July 16, 330 thousand were surrounded by bypass wedges - the 16th army of General M. Lukin and the 20th army of General P. Kurochkin are actively trying to break through the defense. Here the Stavka allocates the reserves of K. Rokossovsky, V. Khomenko, S. Kalinin, I. Maslennikov, V. Kachalov. Near Orsha, the Katyusha division was first tested. The Wehrmacht stands up for reorganization, because. has a 40% loss. The headquarters is preparing the 2nd line of defense: Bryansk - Vyazma; enter the Bryansk Western and Reserve fronts, and on September 27 gives the order for a tough defense. On October 3, "Center" brought down a tank attack of such force that the Bryansk Front could not contain it. On October 3-7, the Bryansk Front, General A. Eremenko, was surrounded. "Vyazemsky cauldron" - 650 thousand Russian prisoners! And the Reserve Front of S. Budyonny simply crumbled. The breakthrough of the Western Front of I. Konev and access to the rear led to the encirclement of 5 Russian armies - through the fault of the Headquarters. In June, the commanders did not yet know where their armies and headquarters were located. The rear of the Western Front was located on the Mozhaisk line (100 km from Moscow), and the German units approached it on October 10th. At the request for permission to retreat to more fortified lines, I. Konev received a categorical “no” from I. Stalin, as a result, there was nothing to defend the Moscow borders on the 500 km line: 3rd Mozhayskaya line defense was hastily formed under the command of K. Zhukov, transferred from Leningrad on October 5, 1941; the wagons of the Ural-Siberian reserve were still on the way.

31. Why did the Wehrmacht General Staff not dare to break through in a straight line, because the highways were not guarded?
(It is known that pedantic German generals worked out the tactics of wide tank girths and decided not to take risks - not to expose the flanks that are formed during breakthroughs. It was decided to close the tank “wings” near Noginsk, with the support of aviation. Hitler repeatedly pointed out to the generals that he did not need territories - he needed to destroy the Red Army, but he miscalculated in this: the closer the enemy approached Moscow, the stronger the resistance became).

32. October 6, 1941 The Stavka creates the Mozhaisk line of defense. What fronts were formed to protect the near borders of Moscow?
(Kalininsky - Gen. I. Konev, Zapadny and Reserve - G. Zhukov, and the Tula site).

33. What armies were part of the Western Main Front, which held the main defense of Moscow?
(- 16th - General. K. Rokossovsky (Volokolamsk; - G. Zhukov said about this army that it is half a front);
- 5th - gene. D. Lelyushenko and General L. L. Govorov (Mozhaisk);
- 33rd - General M. Efremova (Naro-Fominsk);
- 43rd - gene. K. Golubeva (Maloyaroslavets);
- 49th - gene. I. Zakharkina (Serpukhov) - the listed generals gained experience in the Vyazemsky region;
- 316th division - gene. I. Panfilova (Volokolomsk);
- 32nd division - gen. V. Polosukhina, who passed Khasan and Borodino;
- 1st motor building floor. A. Lizyukova (Naro-Fominsk);
- 78th - Siberian gene. A. Beloborodova (Dedovsk).)

34. How did the Wehrmacht call the plan to capture Moscow? When was it accepted?
(“Typhoon”, September 1941, near Smolensk, near Smolensk, he was thwarted, Moscow should be taken in July.)

35. What did Richard Sorge, the Red Chapel, repeatedly warn the Soviet intelligence about?
(About the perfidious German attack on the USSR. The Kremlin did not trust the intelligence, because the figure was indicated on May 15. At that time, Germany's ally Italy had problems in Greece, and the Wehrmacht postponed the date of the offensive.)

36. What are the dates of offensive operations of the Wehrmacht on the defensive lines of the Red Army near Moscow?
(The headquarters is planning offensive operations to divert forces from the Center group? (09/30, 10/03/11/15/1941 Tikhvin, Rostov were liberated. Hitler arrives in Donbass on November 17 to save the situation.)

37. Name the defensive lines in front of Moscow.
(Vyazma - Bryansk, Mozhayskaya line, in Moscow itself: district railway, Garden and Boulevard Ring.)

38. When was the Appeal to the Soviet people about the declaration of war by Germany?
(On June 22, Molotov spoke, and Stalin gathered his courage only ... on July 3, and in the Address switched to the language of church sermons (“Brothers and sisters ...”), not forgetting to add that Hitler was returning the power of the landowners and tsarism. But tsarism did not destroy its Stalin underestimated Hitler's genocide against the Slavs and people of non-Aryan nationality, probably because in September 1939 he drank to his health...).

39. When was the order given by the Headquarters to retreat?
(After the disaster (encirclement) near Vyazma - on the night of October 6, 1941. At this time, the Wehrmacht is preparing a tank breakthrough.)

40. What was the rate of advance of the Wehrmacht?
(June - July 30–65 km/day, October 5–7 km/day, November 1–2 km/day. On November 7, it was noted that German troops switched to trench positional tactics.)

41. What are the extreme points of the breakthroughs of the fascist troops along the Mozhaisk line?
(Kubinka on December 1, Volokolamsk - Kryukovo on November 25-30, Yakhroma - Dmitrov on November 28. The most fierce battles were fought here. G. Zhukov personally came to Kryukovo, because from this point it was only 25 km from Moscow - the distance of an artillery shot There was a breakthrough of Wehrmacht motorized infantry 15 km from the Kremlin, but it was destroyed.)

42. Name the main defensive nodes of the Red Army in mid-October. (Mozhaisk, Volokolamsk, Maloyaroslavets, Tula.)

43. Who commanded the parade of the Red Army on November 7, 1941? (Commander of the district P. Artemiev, took over the Parade - S. Budyonny. 200 tanks from the reserve passed, about which Zhukov “begged” Stalin - to give reinforcements. And from the Parade these tanks immediately entered into direct battles.)

45. When did radio broadcasting stop in Moscow?
(October 16. This provoked panic, chaos, excesses until 10/20/41. The NKVD suppressed these sentiments. Moscow became a front-line workers' city.)

46. ​​Where was it planned to transfer the Soviet Government?
(To Kuibyshev, to Siberia. There was a version that I. Stalin walked along the platform, but did not dare to leave.)

47. Was the surrender of Moscow allowed by the Soviet command?
(Yes. Detachments were created to mine the city. Hitler planned to make a lake out of Moscow, and marble had already been brought to Moscow for future monuments to the Fuhrer.)

48. What was the ratio of the military forces of the USSR and Germany in early October?
(In human numbers - 2 times, in technology - 3 times, in the Air Force - 5 times Germany surpassed the USSR. In the Klin direction there were 300 tanks and 910 Wehrmacht guns against our 56 and 210, respectively; In Istra - 400 tanks and 1030 guns against our 150 and 7000, on Kashira - 400 tanks and 810 guns against ours - 45 and 315. But the USSR had fresh forces and reserves for the counteroffensive operation, which were recruited from the Volga region to Far East: 8 divisions, 20 tank brigades, 353 echelons secretly arrived in the Moscow region).

52. What were the plans for G. Zhukov's counteroffensive near Moscow based on?
(A distracting maneuver of the Kalinin Front group under the command of L. Govorov and L. Dovator (cavalry corps), at the junction of the formations of the “North” and “Center” groups, where the interaction of the German headquarters was the most vulnerable. After 2 days, intelligence reported that the Germans wanted to eliminate the breakthrough and deployed equipment. At this time, they were attacked from the southern grouping of the Western Front. This shocked the Germans: they did not know about the existence of a reserve - 1 million soldiers and equipment! 3 German divisions were destroyed in a week.)

53. What testifies to the swiftness of the counter-offensive operation of the Red Army?
(December 11 - Istra was liberated, 12 - Solnechnogorsk, 15 - Klin, 16 - Kalinin, 20 - Volokolamsk, 26 - Naro-Fominsk, January 2, 1942 - Maloyaroslavets, 4 - Borovsk. And Hitler only on January 15 gave the Order to retreat, not representing the pace of the Soviet counter-offensive; probably the generals did not dare to report the real losses to the Führer in time.)

54. For the first time, an offensive operation was provided by aircraft under the control of M. Gromov. What were these small bombers called?
(“P-2”, “Petlyakovs”). Prior to this, the defense of the Moscow sky was carried out only by air defense. In total, 76 air raids were recorded on Moscow.

55. When does the general staff of the fascist Center decide to go on the defensive? (12/01/1941; they did not understand what was being prepared Soviet counteroffensive. However, do not flatter yourself: in the German rear there were defensive lines - Bolkhov, Rzhev, Sukhinichi. Many Soviet soldiers died on these lines, because. The Headquarters, after the first successes of the Red Army on the 1000-km line on 01/05/1942, orders the development of an offensive from Klin to Yelets along all lines of defense. Losses of the Moscow battle: 380-400 thousand in the Red Army (out of 12 divisions of the militia, 5 remained.)

56. How many fronts were there during the offensive operation of the Red Army? How many areas and in what time was liberated during the counteroffensive until April 20, 1942?
(4 fronts: Kalinin, Western, Reserve, Bryansk. Regions: Moscow, Tula, partially Leningrad, Tver, Smolensk, Kursk, Oryol, Kharkov, Donetsk, Kerch. A breakthrough of the Red Army was carried out at 150-360 km, although Stalin demanded to deploy attack along the entire front line).

57. What damage did the Wehrmacht suffer during the Moscow battle?
(38 divisions were killed, Hitler removed 35 field marshals and generals from command.)

58. What awards did the soldiers and officers of the Red Army receive?
(110 - Heroes of the USSR, the medal "For the Defense of Moscow" - 1 million, among them - 20,000 teenagers, 36,000 soldiers and officers - Orders, 46 divisions received the title of Guards, as well as tank corps - Katukov, Rotmistrov, rifle them. .I.Panfilova.)

59. Name the most notable divisions who stopped the enemy in the Khimki and Nakhabino area?
(2 divisions from the army of K. Rokossovsky: the 316th division of I. Panfilov (died in November), the 78th rifle division of A. Beloborodov. Political instructor V. Klochkov (Diev) is known, according to A. Krivitsky, who said: “Russia is great, and retreat there is nowhere: behind is Moscow!” In fact, these words belonged to I. Panfilov, his name was given to the division).

60. To which city was the British Foreign Minister Eden taken to prove the crushing of the vaunted German group?
(Klin. In the city within a radius of 15 km there was a sea of ​​broken equipment and corpses.)

Quiz "Heroic struggle".

It is very difficult in conditions of fierce fighting to distinguish brave people, whose fate has become a symbol of resistance to the enemy, fidelity to duty, the Fatherland, oath, sacrifice and masculinity. G.K. Zhukov wrote in "Memoirs" that the initial period of the battle for Moscow remained the most memorable episode. That time was not conducive to revelations and deep analysis, but now these events are already called a tragedy, a shame because of the many miscalculations and losses. Even enemies celebrate the courage of ordinary people, and it is from their actions, spiritual impulses that the glory of the whole people grows. We need to remember these names and deeds:

- Ilya Kuzin - the pride of the Volokolamsk detachment, demolition worker;
- Shura Chekalin - partisan detachment of the Tula region;
- Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya - reconnaissance and sabotage group of the Vereisky district, captured in the village. Petrishchevo;
- Valya Voloshina (Vera) - Naro-Fominsk district;
- Matvey Kuzmin - repeated the feat of Ivan Susanin (R. Velikie Luki, village Malkino); - Vera Porshneva;
- Kolya Stroganov from the village of Shevardino (14 years old!);
- Lisa Chaikina - secretary of the underground regional committee;
– 4 Heroes of the USSR among partisans: M. Guryanov, Z. Kosmodemyanskaya, I. Kuzin, S. Solntsev
- 13 underground printing houses; 41 partisan detachment, 377 saboteurs. groups that destroyed 100 military. bases, 20-30 thousand German soldiers were killed, 6 aircraft, 22 tanks, 100 guns, 300 vehicles, from 5 to 40 echelons, from 35 to 400 bridges.

1. Who was the organizer of large partisan formations?
(K. Zaslonov (Orsha), S. Kovpak and A. Saburov (Bryansk region, 1942), D. Medvedev (Orel, Smolensk, Mogilev, Rivne, Lvov regions), Paul Siebert (N. Kuznetsov) - scout - legend, P .Masherov (Belarus) G. Krasnodon - Urban underground organization "Young Guard": U. Gromova, I. Zemnukhov, O. Koshevoy, S. Tyulenin, I. Turchenin, L. Shevtsova. Each of them is worthy of perpetuation in bronze, stone and in canvases as a valiant image of the Citizen of the nation, like the Roman Scaevola. hard time when the Red Army had not yet won a single decisive victory!).

2. How many times did you repeat the feat of Nikolai Gastello (sent a wrecked plane to enemy equipment)?
(70 times! But before N. Gastello, pilots P. Chirkin, S. Airapetov, G. Khrapai sent their planes to the enemy columns. Before the pilot Talalikhin, the first air rams were made by pilots D. Kokarev, P. Ryabtsev.)

3. How many times did the feat of Alexander Matrosov be repeated - Shikiryana Mukhamedyanova
(Der.Kunanbayeva, Bashkiria (under Velikiye Luki, he closed the fire of the enemy in the bunker with his chest (according to the latest information, he climbed onto the bunker and dropped a grenade from above, and was killed by an explosion) - on the third day of his conscription!)? (200 times).

4. The Germans, retreating, at a temperature of minus 20 degrees, managed to blow up the dam of the Istra reservoir. What did the soldiers of the battalion commander Romanov from the 78th division do?
(The soldiers forded the freezing water, but kept up the pace of the pursuit.)

5. Division "Reich", surrounding Istra, left minefields in the rear. To slow down the pace of the offensive, the 258th Regiment decided to strike at the rear, but stumbled upon these mines. What helped to get out of this night situation and hit the rear of the SS division?
(Commissioner D.S. Kondratenko, using intuition and military experience, led the regiment 10 km in its tracks, at night - by the light of the moon.)

6. General Guderian 3 times threw tanks on Tula, 2 months trampled on the outskirts of Moscow, fell into the "pincers" on the Oblique Mountain and got stuck in a tank surrounded by the cavalry of the gene. Boldin, and was unable to close the encirclement. What was the length of this opening, and what did it cost Guderian?
(For this, Guderian was dismissed; he was replaced by Kluge, but this did not save the situation either. Tula not only resisted, but also produced weapons).

7. The Germans did not touch the highway with bombs - this the only way to Moscow, but the Sukhanov tank units broke out onto the road. They moved to the stronghold of 252 German. divisions (Mikhailovskoye district, Velikoluksky district). The Germans decided to remove the infantry escort by a tenfold superiority of their infantry. What in this situation ensured our victory in this hand-to-hand battle?
(Easy machine gun of Serge. Khametov, he received the Order of Lenin; he was surprised by the sight of the Germans in hand-to-hand combat.)

8. In the Borodino area, the descendants of those who took Napoleon's blow in 1812 fought - cadets of the military field school under the command of Lieutenant Kuznetsov, and the 32nd Red Banner Division. They, covering the retreat to the lines, crushed the equipment and manpower of the enemy, no longer throwing rifles near Moscow. Who held the defense at the Raevsky battery for a week on the Borodino field?
(Colonel Lelyushenko. Detaining the enemy until the reserve approached from the Urals and Siberia was the main task of defensive battles.)

9. Why was G.K. Zhukov confident in the combat capability of the newly arrived reserve near Moscow?
(Before the war, the Ural district was commanded by General Stern, who personally received Stalin’s consent to retrain in reservist units, citing Japanese provocations. Before the war, he was denounced to the NKVD. What do we know about his future fate? (He was shot in the dungeons of the NKVD in the most tense October days for Moscow on a denunciation!)

10. The first night ram in the night sky was carried out by the deputy commander of the squadron of the 28th regiment of the 6th army, senior lieutenant P. Yeremeev from 28 to 29 July. The title of Hero of the USSR was awarded to him only in 1995. But this feat has a different name. Which?
(Viktor Talalikhin. He died on October 27, 1941, the title of Hero of the USSR was awarded on August 8. Maybe it’s not so important whose name and who is the first? But for his family it is very important, because there are no fathers indifferent to the feat.

11. When and where was the guard born?
(September 18, 1941, the Yelninsky breakthrough. The Smolensk battle ended on September 10. The German archives explain the inaction of tanks in that place - wheeled tanks slid over the dead bodies. On the Bogoroditsky field of the Smolensk region, people could not plow the ground for a long time - human bones lay in the ground two shovels deep When surrounded, the Smolensk residents hurriedly left along one crossing (the bridge was bombed), built from dead bodies. Which of the correspondents was an eyewitness of those events in the summer of 1941? (Konstantin Simonov. He tried to publish his military diaries, but Epishev, the head of the political department of the Army, considered they were “harmful” and covered up the publication of diaries in the 60s. Famous lines from the poems of K. Simonov: “Wait for me, and I will return ...”, “Do you remember, Alyosha, the roads of the Smolensk region? ..”).

12. What made Natalia Kovshova and Maria Polivanova famous?
(They are snipers. Discovered by the Nazis, they blew themselves up.)

13. What is the signalman Novikov from the 33rd Army known for?
(He discovered a wire break, but noticed the approaching Nazis, fastened the wire break with his teeth. This freed his hands, and shooting back, died heroically.)

14. Who laid down the traditions of the marines in the battle for Moscow?
(The Navy gave Moscow 147,000 sailors - an artillery division. In 13 days they traveled 130 km and participated in the liberation of Solnechnogorsk. 96 commanders and soldiers were awarded orders and medals.)

15. Having surrounded Vyazma, the Germans attacked the 220 km Mozhaisk line, which was urgently filled with defenders from the Podolsky infantry and artillery schools, because. there were no troops on the defensive lines (Maloyaroslavets area). How could they resist in such conditions against tanks and aircraft?
(With their training guns (30 pieces), heavy machine guns (30 pieces), mortars (20 pieces). 2 companies of Capt. G Chernov and political instructor D. Kurochkin knocked out the enemy from trenches and pillboxes for a week, providing formations of the Western Front beyond Mozhaisk. Famous and unknown heroes held back the onslaught of the enemy, but there are still no monuments that would mark each section of resistance, watered with blood, and reflect precisely the unprecedented strain of human forces against the superior military power of the enemy.)

16. On what lines did the militia become a living barrier?
(30 divisions were formed - Vyazma (1941), Rzhev-Vyazma (1942).)

17. 7 armies ended up in the Vyazemsky pocket, under the command of Konev and Budyonny. But they do not remember this, since they shamefully abandoned their troops. But - the prototype of Serpilin in the film "The Living and the Dead" - the general, who fought his way through, was wounded, captured, then the Mauthausen camp, rejected Vlasov's proposals with a spit, managed to escape, ended up in the NKVD camp in Klintsy, followed by him - in the penal battalion , liberated Koenigsberg, Mongolia, Japan, deserved ... a medal "For Courage". He was rehabilitated only after 1956. And there is still no monument to this Hero. Say his last name.
(General M. Lukin.)

18. After the liberation of Moscow, during the offensive operations of the 33rd Army, General. Efremov, an order was given to break (until January 11) a fortified area - the Rzhev base, with a promise to send help. Rzhev is located 150 km from Moscow. The offensive of General Efremov formed a ledge, which the Wehrmacht cut with tank breakthroughs, encircling the 33rd Army. But, retaining his fighting strength, Efremov goes into the forests and demands help from the Headquarters via communication. Help came ... in July 1942, the Nazis took the 33rd Army into a tight ring, easily repelling any breakthroughs to it, because. the 33rd Army was running out of ammunition. The army was starving and dying. Having been wounded on April 19, Gen. Efremov shot himself, and the Germans sent a group of exhausted people who ate only snow and roots into captivity. Before this capture, they solemnly buried in front of their soldiers, as an example of resistance, the body of Gen. Efremov. When was Rzhev taken?
(On March 2, 1943, the Red Army entered the city, from which the Germans had already secretly withdrawn their main units. This speaks of the military skill of Stalin, who gave the task to advance along the entire front line, which led to the dispersion of funds and to mass tragedies.)

19. What fortress could not be taken by the Nazis for a month, with the military supplies, water and food of its defenders running out?
(Brest Fortress. The writer S. Smirnov spoke about it only in 1965.)

Questions - "machine gun".

1. When was lit Eternal flame in the USSR in honor of the VICTORY in the war of 1941–45? (1965.)
2. Name the cities that withstood many days of defense? (Leningrad, Brest, Odessa, Sevastopol.)
3. Which cities were named "tank city" (Chelyabinsk, Perm, Nizhny Tagil.)
4. In honor of the liberation of which city was the first salute given? (Eagle, 05.08.43,124 guns.)
5. When was the VICTORY parade? (June 24, 1945. Heroes of 360 regiments marched across Red Square, 200 German banners were sharply thrown back. 1000 artillery pieces fired 30 volleys.)
6. Who commanded the VICTORY parade and who received it? (K. Rokossovsky, G. Zhukov.)
7. Which persons - foreigners received the Order of "VICTORY"? (I.Tito, D.Eisenhower, K.Mongomery, M.Zhymersky.)
8. What are the names of four heroes and three times during the Second World War? (G. Zhukov; I. Kozhedub and A. Pokryshkin - aerial pilots; 62 and 59 (respectively) downed aircraft on their account during the Second World War.)
9. Who was the first to be awarded the title of Hero during WWII? (The crew of the plane that bombed Berlin on 08/01/41, 09/27/41. 09/30/41 - P. Kharitonov, S. Zdbrovtsev, M. Zhukov.)
10. When were the guard ranks introduced? (May 21, 1942, but they believe that the Soviet Guard was born during the first counteroffensive near Yelnya (G. Zhukov) during the battle for Smolensk.)
11. Name the marshals of the Second World War (S. Timoshenko, B. Shaposhnikov, G. Zhukov, K. Rokossovsky, A. Vasilevsky, L. Govorov, I. Konev, R. Malinovsky, F. Tolbukhin, K. Meretskov.)
12. When and where was the second front opened in Europe? (April 25, 1944 - meeting on the Elbe, the cities of Witmar and Torgau.)
13. Which crew was called “Motherland” (V. Grizodubova, P. Osipenko, M. Raskova served in the women's air squadron of night bombers).
14. In which branches of the military were all units guards? (Tank and rocket artillery "Katyusha".)
15. What part of the Red Army was headed by Louis Delfino? (“Normandie-Niemen - flying squadron.)
16. What was the name of the help of the allies? (Lend-Lease.)
17. What are international trials over the criminals of World War II? (Nuremberg and Tokyo trials.)
18. Why did A. Tupolev assign the number 58 to his first ANT car? (According to the number of the article under which he was convicted.)
19. Where and when did the “death match” take place during the Second World War? (July 1941, Kiev "Dynamo" and the team of the Wehrmacht with a score of 5: 3; the people of Kiev won and were shot.)
20. In honor of the death of which commander? (I. Chernyakhovsky.)
21. Where was last Stand World War II on European theater? (Prague, 8–9 May.
22. What document was signed in Karlforst by G. Zhukov, A. Tedder, K. Spaats, J. Tassigny, V. Keitel? (Who unconditional surrender Germany 08.08.45.)
23. When did World War II end? (02.09.42.)
24. Who did Hitler in January 1945 call “ personal enemy"? (A. Marinescu - commander of a submarine that sank a German mother ship with 70 crews.)
25. Name the territory where the “Young Guard” operated? (Krasnodon.)
26. Name the territory where the “Red Chapel” operated? (Berlin, General Staff.)
27. What rifle division bore the name of its commander? (316 Infantry named after Panfilov.)
28. In what offensive operation of the Red Army were 4 "boilers"? (Liberation of Belarus.)
29. What fronts did Berlin take? (3rd Ukrainian (I. Konev), 1st Belarusian (K. Rokossovsky), 2nd Belarusian (G. Zhukov)).
30. who was twice awarded the order"VICTORIES"? (G. Zhukov, A. Vasilevsky, I. Stalin.)
31. What do these surnames have in common: Zubachev, Matevosyan, Fomin, Gavrilov? (defense commanders Brest Fortress.)
32. Name the scouts.
33. About what event did the Nazis first hold a 3-day mourning? (Defeat at Stalingrad.)
34. What is the name of the captured pilot who stole the Henchel bomber from the territory of Sachsenhausen to the Soviet front along with 9 comrades? (M. Devyataev.)
35. What is the name of the pilot who first used vertical attack techniques over the battlefield of Kursk. (He destroyed 9 German aircraft in 1 battle and died, but his name was recognized 14 years later - A. Gorovets.)
36. What is the name of the hero who was first erected a monument in the city of Frunze? (I. Panfilov.)
37. What is the name of the sniper in the trenches of Stalingrad, whose military fate became the basis of an American film script? (Vasily Zaitsev.)
38. Which Soviet soldier erected a monument in Genoa? (Fyodor Poletaev (Poetan).)
39. Name the military engineer who refused to cooperate in the concentration camp. He was doused with cold water in the cold. (D. Karbyshev.)
40. What is the name of the employee of the army newspaper Vlasov, who wrote poetry in the Moabit prison in a notebook accidentally saved in the fires of the war? (Musa Jalil.)

Codenames for military operations

1. Plan of Barbarossa.
2. "Edelweiss" - the capture of the Caucasus.
3. The Kantokuen plan is the strategic plan of the Japanese General Staff.
4. "Typhoon" capture of Moscow.
5. "Kremlin" - "disinformation" plan for the capture of Moscow during the Battle of Kursk.
6. "Aistoshtoss" - the capture of the Arctic.
7. ”Northern lights”- the capture of Leningrad.
8. "Winter Thunderstorm" - breaking through the encirclement of the army of Paulus.
9. Citadel-Panther - the capture of Stalingrad and the south of the USSR.
10. "Argonaut" - disruption of the summit in Yalta.
11. "Terminal" - disruption of the summit in Potsdam.
12. "Talisman" - Anglo-American plan of attack on Berlin.
13. "Crossword" - Germany's attempts to conclude a separate peace with the United States.
14. "Mars" - attempts by the Red Army to capture the Germans at Rzhev.
15. "Uranus-Saturn" - the liberation of Stalingrad.
16. "Sea and mountains" - the liberation of Sevastopol.
17. "Leap" - the liberation of Kharkov, which 4 times passed from hand to hand.
18. Iskra is the last operation to lift the blockade of Leningrad.
19. "Bagration" - the liberation of Belarus, Minsk.
20. "Rumyantsev" - the liberation of Belgorod.
21. "Kutuzov" - the release of the Eagle.
22. "Suvorov" - the liberation of Smolensk.
23. "Concert" - rail war partisans during the Battle of Kursk.
24. "Sea Lion" - a plan for the capture of the British Isles by Germany.
25. Bux's plan - Krainov's army liberates Warsaw.

Bridgeheads and frontiers.

1. Mogilev-Orsha-Vitebsk - the German bridgehead for the offensive on Smolensk.
2. The Tikhvin ledge is a threatening throw of Wehrmacht units on the railway to Leningrad and to connect with the Finnish units.
3. Kaunas, Rovno, Minsk, Odessa, Sevastopol were the first cities to be hit by an airstrike.
4. "Atlantic Wall" - the defense of the Wehrmacht from the blow of England.
5. "Soloviev crossing" - the successful actions of tank units, which contributed to the exit from the encirclement of more than 100 thousand soldiers and officers
6. "Pulkovo Heights" is the last stop of the tram line, where the German units were stopped.
7. Nevsky Piglet - a daring landing on the bank of the Neva occupied by the Germans at the first attempt to break through the blockade.
8. Sinyavino heights - 50-60-meter hills, which the Germans turned into a bastion with internal passages, he did not allow the Volkhov and Leningrad fronts to connect.
9. Brest.
10. Mozhaysk line of defense.
11. Line Malgobek - Ordzhonikidzhi - the enemy was stopped for sowing. Caucasus.
12. Klukhorsky pass - thai were repulsed by units of the Wehrmacht after they crossed Elbrus.
13. Sapun Mountain - the central base of the German defense in Sevastopol.
14. ”Eastern shaft”- 30 km line of defense of the Wehrmacht, width - 25 km. Near Kyiv, our fortifications were used there.
15. Kryukovo village.
16. Mamaev Kurgan - height 102.
17. The Myshkova River, Verkhnekummsk region - the Goth tank group breaks through to the Stalingrad "cauldron".
18. Ponyri-Belgorod - contours of the Kursk salient.
19. "The road of life".
20. Pavlov's House.
21. Luban ledge - a breakthrough of 75 km of the 20th shock army of Vlasov in the winter of 1942
22. Seelow Heights – 60 km. defensive lines of the Wehrmacht in front of Berlin.
23. "Nameless Height".
24. Mannerheim line.

Literature.

1. Academic publications of the history of the Great Patriotic War.

Soon 70 years of the Great Victory. Therefore, I offer you a small sad test - test yourself how well you know the events of the biggest war in world history. Answers immediately, because do not torment the reader.

Question 1. At the beginning of World War II, there were 73 countries in the world. How many countries took part in it? About? It can be in percentage.

Soviet troops go to the front

Answer 1. 62 countries out of 73 participated in the Second World War. Practically, 80% of the globe.

Participants of the Second World War

Question 2. Which side did Spain fight on?

Coat of arms of Spain during World War II
Answer 2. Spain was among those countries that maintained official neutrality in this meat grinder. Although, on the territory of Spain, one volunteer division who fought on the side of Germany. They chose a beautiful name for themselves: División Azul, which translates as the Blue Division.

Patch of the Blue Division

Question 3. In schools, we were taught and continue to be taught that the Soviet Union entered World War II on June 22, 1941 on the side of the Allies. Because we are white and fluffy. But all Western historians have their own opinion on this matter (because they were not taught in Soviet schools). Which?


Soviet and German officer shake hands with each other

Answer 3. The Soviet Union entered World War II on the side of Nazi Germany on September 17, 1939. The USSR managed to annex part of Poland and a piece of Finland, annex the Baltic States, and then the “allies” stabbed in the back, treacherously and without declaring war. We became allies of Germany, according to the secret protocol to the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact, concluded literally a week before the start of World War II. The originals of this secret protocol were declassified and presented to historians only in 1992.

Stalin and Ribbentrop in Moscow on August 23, 1939

Question 4. World War II began on September 1, 1939 with the German attack on Poland. And when did it end?


Porlian infantry on the defensive

Answer 4. World War II ended on September 2, 1945 with the surrender of Japan.

End of World War II

Question 5. One of the most famous exploits Soviet soldiers- Protection of the Brest Fortress. It took several hours to capture the fortress. How long did this operation actually take?

Brest Fortress

Answer 5. The defenders of the Brest Fortress held the organized defense for one week. The fortress was mostly destroyed and burned by the Germans, who did not expect such a rebuff. Last shots from the ruins of the fortress stopped a month later.

Monument to the defenders of the Brest Fortress

Question 6. By the way, why did the defenders of the Brest Fortress remain in ruins to the last, not even trying to retreat to the city and get the support of the local population?
Answer 6. The city of Brest at the beginning of World War II was a Polish city. It belonged to Poland before the war, and was captured by our troops in September 1939. Three years later, the population of the city continued to consider the Soviet soldiers who dug in the fortress as invaders and aggressors, and instead of support, most likely, they would have given the captured soldiers to the Germans.

Partition of Poland by Germany and the USSR

Question 7. We all know that on May 9, 1945, Nazi Germany signed the act of surrender, and the war in Europe ended. And from now on we celebrate this day as Victory Day. However, in Europe on May 9, no celebrations are held. They do not even remember their fallen on May 9th. Why?

Instrument of Surrender

Answer 7. They do it on May 8th. The act of surrender was signed on May 8, late in the evening. At this time, May 9 had already arrived on the territory of the USSR. Therefore, we celebrate this event on different days.

Keitel signs the surrender. On his watch - May 8th. In Moscow - already the 9th

Question 8. According to the results of the Nuremberg trials, a ban was imposed on any Nazi symbols. And of course, number one on the list of forbidden symbols is the swastika. However, there is one European country, ignoring this prohibition, and using the swastika, no less, in state symbols. What country is it?

The same controversial swastika

Answer 8. We are talking about Finland. The swastika appeared on the banners of Finland immediately after separation from Russian Empire in 1918, i.e. long before a certain Hitler came to power in distant Germany, and naturally, it has nothing to do with either Nazism or fascism. At the moment, the swastika is present, for example, on the presidential standard of Finland. Finnish troops used a blue swastika on a white background as a symbol. Therefore, the sale of aircraft models with a black, “fascist” swastika applied to them is prohibited, and with a blue, “Finnish” swastika applied to them, it formally does not fall under this ban.

Standard of the President of Finland with swastika

Question 9. History in the eyes of modern Russian patriots looks something like this: the United States and Great Britain, our main allies in this war, sat on their ass for several years, and waited for who would win. And only when the USSR began to actively beat Germany, they realized that the USSR was winning, and ran to open a second front in order to have time to share part of the pie. A beautiful version, but when, in fact, did the USA and Great Britain enter the Second World War?

Landing in Normandy of the troops of the American 1st Infantry Division

Answer 9. Britain declared war on Germany on September 3, 1939. That is, two days after the start of the war. Moreover, this war was by no means cold, since the Germans, using their advantage in aviation, bombed London and others throughout the war. big cities islands.

German bomber over the docks of London

For a long time the United States sent everyone to the forest and said that this was not their war. However, they were drawn into the war on December 7, 1941, having lost almost the entire fleet in Pearl Harbor Bay due to a Japanese raid. After another 4 days, Germany also declared war on the States.

Burning December 7, 1941 in Pearl Harbor battleship "Arizona"

Question 10. On June 22, 1941, Germany attacked the USSR. Our military at the beginning of the war were armed exclusively with Mosin rifles. Which weapon was the main weapon Nazi troops at the time of the invasion?

Mosin rifle modifications

Answer 10. If you think that these are MP 40 assault rifles (or, as they are also incorrectly called by the people, “Schmeisers”), then you will be wrong.

Automatic MP 38/40

Almost all German soldiers without exception were armed with Mauser 98 and Mauser 98k rifles. At that time, there were only 200,000 machine guns glorified by filmmakers in the German army, i.e. enough in best case only for command personnel.

Mauser 98k

Question 11. During the war, a huge number of civilians were killed. However, even here there are records. One colonel holds the absolute world "record" for the number of personally killed civilians. Who is he, or at least what army did he serve in?

A moment before

Answer 11. Colonel Paul Warfield Tibbets, Jr., an American bomber pilot, dropped an atomic bomb on August 6, 1945. japanese city Hiroshima, destroying, thus, single-handedly about 200 thousand people (80 thousand of them died during the explosion, the rest - over the next 5 years from radiation sickness).

Paul Tibbets

Question 12. Anyone who has ever traveled railway beyond the Urals, can imagine the scale of our country. They really amaze. This territory cannot be captured even theoretically, since no one has enough troops to control every section of our boundless Siberia. Was Hitler so insane that he really thought he could take over the entire USSR?

Wehrmacht troops cross the border of the USSR

Answer 12. Of course, the Germans are not idiots. The developed plan Barbarossa assumed the program maximum line Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan. That is, the Germans did not even think about capturing the Urals, to say nothing about Siberia. The Russians, for their part, rather cruelly deceived the Germans by doing something unprecedented before - the evacuation of factories. Before that, not a single country could even imagine that it was possible to take a whole plant and transport it to another place. If only because there is nowhere to transport. Ours, for the first time in history, used this cheating technique, and most of our military heavy industry ended up in the Urals, completely out of reach of the Germans.

Plan "Barbarossa"

Question 13. In Volgograd, aka Stalingrad, there is a monument "The Motherland Calls", depicting a woman who raised her sword high. In Stalingrad, the Motherland called on her sons, and they repulsed the enemy, launching a large-scale counteroffensive.

Motherland is calling! Volgograd.

In Berlin, there is a monument to the "Warrior-Liberator", depicting a soldier with a child in his arms, lowering this sword. The war ended in Berlin, and the sword of war was lowered.

Liberator Warrior. Berlin

These two monuments are part of a triptych. There is another monument erected in the place where this sword was forged. Where?

Answer 13. The third monument is called "Rear to the Front", and it was installed in Magnitogorsk. It depicts a worker handing over a sword to a soldier. Every third projectile of ours and every second tank were made of Magnitogorsk steel.

Rear front. Magnitogorsk

Question 14. As a rule, arguing that victory in this war belongs entirely to the Soviet Union, the number of Soviet citizens who died in this war is cited as justification. In this war, about 23 million of our compatriots were killed, including residents of the RSFSR, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Moldavian USSR and residents of other republics of the former Union. 8 million soldiers (28% of those drafted into the army) and 15 million civilians (8.9% of total number residents). The logic here is simple and unsophisticated - more than all the dead means more than all the contribution to the victory. And which people suffered the most casualties among the civilian population in relative terms?


Shooting of Soviet partisans

Answer 14. Of course, most of the victims were among the Jews. The systematic extermination of Jews by the Nazi authorities was called the Holocaust, and led to the fact that their number was reduced by a third in the world and by 60% in Europe. Also, the number of Roma in Europe has decreased by about a quarter.


Suppression of the uprising in the Warsaw ghetto

Question 15. We, as you know, fought against the Nazis in this war and defeated the Nazis. However, in a good way, the Germans themselves (even the most rabid SS-sheep) during the war considered themselves National Socialists, or Nazis, but not fascists. Who in that war considered himself a fascist?

Symbol of fascism

Answer 15. The Italians called themselves fascists. And indeed, the very word "fascism" is Italian.

Flag of the Italian Fascist Party

At the end of this little test, I would like to say a simple thing. I think it doesn't matter how much you appreciate or don't appreciate, remember or don't remember the events of this war. The main thing is that it does not happen again. For war is the biggest abomination that can happen to a person.