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Biography, life story of Isakovsky Mikhail Vasilyevich
ChildhoodOn January 7, 1900, a boy was born in the village of Glotovka, Smolensk region, who later became a Hero. socialist labor and laureate of State Prizes. The newborn was named Mikhail Vasilyevich Isakovsky. He became the penultimate of thirteen children in a poor peasant family, barely making ends meet. The poverty of the parents became the reason that the entire education of the future Russian Soviet poet was 6 classes of the gymnasium.
From the moment of his birth, the boy's father, Vasily Nazarovich, sought to reveal to him as much of the world around him as possible. He worked at the post office at the nearby Pavlinovo station, and often took Mikhail with him. Each such trip was a joy for him. In addition, often the father brought magazines and newspapers from the post office, with the help of which Mikhail independently learned to read and then write. At the same time, from the pen of a 10-year-old boy came the first " literary works”- he wrote letters for illiterate peasants from the surrounding villages. According to numerous reviews of the villagers, he wrote "well, smoothly and compassionately." These qualities were popular with the wives of soldiers and other offended women. These letters provided a huge impact on the moral and aesthetic development of the future poet, teaching him to sincerely express human feelings, open the soul. This subsequently evolved into the signature style "lyrical writing".
School
In the fall of 1910, 10-year-old Mikhail entered the elementary zemstvo school, located just half a kilometer from his native village. Since by that time he was already reading and writing, he was immediately accepted into the second grade. He graduated from it in the spring of 1913 with a round honors student. But a year before that, he wrote several poems, two of which are “M.V. Lomonosov" and "Saint" - were read to them at the final exam, where they were very warmly received.
Two years later, in the fall of 1915, Mikhail entered Voronin's private gymnasium in Smolensk, where he continued his poetic experiments. This did not find support from his current teachers, but did not discourage the desire to compose. In 1917, he transferred to the Yelninskaya gymnasium, which was located closer to home. However, Mikhail could not continue his studies due to the poverty of his family. On this, his education was interrupted forever, because later, due to an eye disease, he could not continue his systematic study.
CONTINUED BELOW
Great October Socialist Revolution
Mikhail Isakovsky accepted the revolution of October 1917 as a "living beloved creature", devoting even a few lines to it. In the fall of 1918, he became a member of the CPSU (b), and a few months later - the editor of the county newspaper in Yelnya. In fact, there was no newspaper, but in two years Isakovsky managed to create it with hard work. He had to work literally alone, he was the author of all published material. Moreover, the newspaper was printed by hand. Hard work for several years led to a progressive eye disease.
In 1921, the party transferred Isakovsky to Smolensk to work in the provincial newspaper Rabochy Put, where he worked for the next 10 years. Here the first collections of the poet's poems were published, which became evidence of the birth of a new Soviet poetry. Publications printed in small numbers were distributed free of charge as a means of communist propaganda and agitation. In 1926, Mikhail Isakovsky was elected secretary of the board of the Smolensk branch of the RAPP ( Russian Association proletarian writers).
In Moscow
In 1931, Mikhail was appointed editor of the Kolkhoznik magazine, published in Moscow by Krestyanskaya Gazeta. However, just a year later, this publication was closed, and a few years later it was re-created, but Maxim Gorky became its leader. The poet Mikhail Isakovsky worked as a correspondent in the new Kolkhoznik.
War
Mikhail Vasilyevich Isakovsky provided invaluable assistance during the Great Patriotic War. It was his poems and songs that aroused a sense of courage among the soldiers, multiplied their love for the Motherland, and also conveyed their sizzling hatred for fascist invaders. Lyric works poet in those terrible years became a chronicle of the war, set out in poetic form. They penetratingly describe the harsh front-line everyday life, heroic deeds and feelings ordinary people, which made it possible to reveal the comprehensive nature of the war for their homeland.
After the war
After the war, Mikhail Vasilievich became a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR four times. The country highly appreciated the poet's contribution to the development Soviet state, awarding him the title of Hero of Socialist Labor and making him twice a laureate of state awards. He became one of the few Soviet citizens, who in the late 50-60s managed to visit the capitalist countries several times. However, seriously deteriorated health did not allow him to continue active political activity. But he did not allow himself to leave the most important thing in his life - creativity.
Poet Mikhail Isakovsky, author of the lyrics to the songs "Oh, the viburnum is blooming", "What you were, remained so", "Everything froze again until dawn", "And who knows", "They are flying migratory birds"and the immortal" Katyusha ", believed that you need to write clean, clear, vernacular. His songs both now and many years ago are perceived as folklore. Today is the birthday of one of the most revered Soviet poets turns 110 years old.
Isakovsky was one of the most widely read and revered Soviet poets. His “Word to Comrade Stalin (“It came without waiting for a call, / It came of its own accord - and you can’t hold it back ... / Let me tell you this word, / A simple word of my heart ...”) entered the obligatory circle of textbook reading and memorization Soviet schoolchildren.Also, all Soviet children knew his poem "Cherry":
On a clear afternoon, at the end of summer,
An old man was walking along a road in the field;
Dug a young cherry somewhere
And, satisfied, carried her home.
He looked with cheerful eyes
To the fields, to the far boundary
And I thought: “Let me remember
I will plant cherries by the road ... ".
Nevertheless, Mikhail Isakovsky entered the history of Soviet literature primarily as a songwriter. For the first time, his poems were set to music by one of the leaders of the choir. Pyatnitsky Vladimir Zakharov. Composers Matvey Blanter, Nikita Bogoslovsky, Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy, Isaak Dunayevsky, Boris Mokrousov and others also worked with Isakovsky's texts.
Song as a weapon
The most famous song Isakovsky is, of course, "Katyusha", for which he was awarded State Prize THE USSR. The song has become truly popular, it has more than a hundred folklore alterations and continuations. Whoever the heroine of the song was in them: both a fighter with a machine gun in her hands, and faithful friend a soldier waiting for his return with victory, and a front-line nurse, according to the muzruk.ru website. During the war, they also sang about Katyusha the partisan, "passing through the forests and villages along the partisan narrow path with the same cheerful song that she once sang over the river."
The composer is Matvey Blanter, who also became the author of songs on Isakovsky's poems "Goodbye, cities and huts", "In the forest near the front", "Better there is no other world", "Golden wheat".
It is believed that the song about Katyusha gave the name to the rocket artillery combat vehicles of the BM series. Allegedly, just as Katyusha "came out and started a song," so did the guards' vehicles go into position and sing peculiar "songs." Soon, new couplets were composed about these "Katyushas" among the people:
There were battles at sea and on land,
Shots rumbled all around -
Singing songs "Katyusha"
Near Kaluga, Tula and Orel.
The premiere of the song took place in the Hall of Columns in the House of the Unions in November 1938, for the first time "Katyusha" was performed by Valentina Batishcheva, accompanied by the State Jazz Orchestra. According to Blanter's memoirs, "when, after our entire program, this girl came on stage and sang a song, there was a groan of applause in the hall," his magazine "School of Life" quotes him. The singer had to sing this song three times before the audience let her off the stage.
Soon other singers and singers began to sing the song - Georgy Vinogradov, Lidia Ruslanova, Vera Krasovitskaya, and after them professional and amateur choirs, army ensembles. It was sung in villages and cities, at demonstrations and festivities, and even just in the home circle, for festive table. Now fans sing "Katyusha" during matches of the Russian national football team.
tragic sound
Another fruit of the co-creation of the poet Mikhail Isakovsky and composer Matvey Blanter was the song "Praskovya", better known as "Enemies burned their own hut". The song about the return of a soldier from the war to his village was written in 1945. But after the performance, she was subjected to the most severe party criticism - for the tragic sound, according to Krugosvet. For 15 years, the song was actually banned. In 1960, Mark Bernes first ventured to include it in his repertoire:
Enemies burned their own hut,
They killed his entire family.
Where should the soldier go now?
To whom to bear their sorrow?
Went a soldier in deep sorrow
At the crossroads of three roads.
Found a soldier in a wide field
Grass overgrown hillock ...
The song immediately received national recognition and became, perhaps, one of the most tragic songs of the Patriotic War.
Also, such songs based on Isakovsky's verses as "Farewell", "Seeing", "And who knows (what he blinks)", "On the mountain - white-white", "Goodbye, cities and huts", " In the forest near the front", "Oh, my fogs...", "Spark" ("A girl escorted the fighter to the position..."), "Better not have that color", "Hear me, good one", "Migratory birds are flying", "Lone accordion " ("Everything froze again until dawn"), the author's version of the song "The blue ball is spinning, spinning" and many others.
The Soviet people enthusiastically accepted his songs from the tape "Kuban Cossacks" (1949), especially "Oh, the viburnum is blooming", "What you were, you remained like that." The music to the verses of Mikhail Isakovsky was put by the wonderful composer Isaac Dunayevsky. These songs instantly received the status of folk and are still an indispensable attribute of feasts.
As Nezavisimaya Gazeta writes, since the beginning of the 1950s, Isakovsky writes less and less of Mikhail, more and more sadness in his poems.
Not talents, not geniuses, -
Still longing to shine
So that the grass of oblivion
Their way was not covered;
To get a little stronger,
At least for a few years...
Everyone wants immortality
But immortality is not.
The Soviet poet, who wrote a dozen songs that many today perceive as Russian folk, died in Moscow on July 20, 1973.
The material was prepared by the editors of rian.ru based on information from RIA Novosti and open sources
A well-known Russian poet, the author of words for a number of songs popular among the people ("Katyusha", "Migratory birds are flying", "Oh, the viburnum is blooming", etc.) ... Many are familiar with these and other works created by Mikhail Isakovsky. short biography The poet presented in this article will introduce you to the main milestones of his life and work. Mikhail Vasilievich believed that one should write in a clear, clean, folk language. That is why his creations are perceived by many as folklore.
Origin, childhood
On January 19, 1900, Mikhail Isakovsky was born. A brief biography of the poet will be of particular interest to his countrymen. Isakovsky's homeland - Smolensk region, Glotovka village (Vskhodsky district). The poet came from a poor peasant family. Nevertheless, he studied at the gymnasium for some time. Due to heavy financial situation future poet Dropped out in 6th grade to go to work.
Work and social activities
The later years of Mikhail Vasilyevich's life were marked by the fact that he was a teacher, and also took part in the activities of the Council of Peasants' Deputies. Mikhail Isakovsky joined the RCP(b) in 1918. During the October Revolution, he actively participated in public life. The future poet was the secretary of the Volost Council, and then, from 1919, he took the post of editor of the Yelnya newspaper. In the period from 1921 to 1930, Mikhail Vasilyevich lived in Smolensk, where he worked in the newspaper "Working Way". Being already a well-known poet, in 1931 Isakovsky moved to the capital. Here for some time he was the editor of the Kolkhoznik magazine.
First works
Isakovsky, whose biography and work deserve careful study, began writing poetry as a child. His first work was published when he was 14 years old ("A soldier's request" in the newspaper "Nov"). However, Isakovsky himself believed that the beginning of his literary activity refers to more late period, when ten years later such poems as "Native", "Podpaski", etc. were published. In Moscow in 1927, the book "Wires in the Straw" was published (author - Isakovsky). A brief biography of the poet since that time has been marked by the creation of many famous works. It must be said that M. Gorky himself highly appreciated the book "Wires in the Straw".
Poems of the Moscow period
The following collections of poems by Mikhail Vasilyevich belong to the period of his life in Moscow: "Province" (published in 1930), "Masters of the Earth" (in 1931) and "Four Desires" (published in 1936). These collections contain poems devoted mainly to Soviet village. It was she who inspired at that time such a poet as Isakovsky. A brief biography of Mikhail Vasilievich, however, also testifies to his interest in military theme. No wonder, because 1941-45. - an important page in the history of our country. Therefore, at this time, a significant place in the work of Isakovsky was occupied by works dedicated to the Great Patriotic war. The war years were spent in evacuation in the city of Chistopol Isakovsky Mikhail Vasilyevich. The biography summarized in this article assumes familiarity with creative heritage poet. We will talk about it now.
Creative heritage of Isakovsky
For half a century creative activity wrote about 250 poems. The poetry of this author continues folklore tradition, as well as the line of Nekrasov, Koltsov, Oreshin, Nikitin. Mikhail Isakovsky, in letters addressed to young writers, urged them to write in a clear, pure, folk language. It must be said that the poet himself created poems and songs not only in his native Russian language. Also engaged in translations from Belarusian, Ukrainian, Serbian, Hungarian, Latvian, Polish, Tatar, Ossetian and Italian Isakovsky Mikhail Vasilyevich. Biography (summary) does not imply detailed acquaintance with his translation activities, although it must be said that she is part of his creative heritage.
Mikhail Isakovsky is one of the most famous and revered of the time. "A Word to Comrade Stalin" is a work by this author, which many Soviet schoolchildren read and learned by heart. Mikhail Isakovsky's poem "Cherry" was also known to all Soviet children.
Nevertheless, M. Isakovsky, whose biography is still of interest to many in our time, entered the history of Soviet literature primarily as a talented songwriter. His poems were first set to music, which was one of the leaders of the choir. Pyatnitsky. In addition to him, such composers as Matvey Blanter, Isaac Dunayevsky, Vasily Solovyov-Sedoy, Boris Mokrousov and others worked with the texts of Mikhail Isakovsky.
"Katyusha"
"Katyusha" is, of course, the most famous song of the author of interest to us. It was for her that Isakovsky received the State Prize of the USSR. At present, "Katyusha" has become truly folk song. There are more than 100 folklore adaptations and sequels of it. The heroine in them is both a fighter and a soldier's girlfriend who is waiting for him to return home, and a front-line nurse.
Wrote the music for this song. He is also the author of music for the following poems by the author of interest to us: "Golden Wheat", "Better there is no other world", "In the forest near the front", "Goodbye, cities and huts."
It is believed that combat vehicles of the BM series were named after the Katyusha. Like the girl who "started the song", these machines went to combat positions and also sang their "songs".
The premiere of "Katyusha" took place in November 1938 at the House of the Unions. Valentina Batishcheva became the first performer of this song. Soon "Katyusha" became very popular. Other performers began to sing it - Lidia Ruslanova, Georgy Vinogradov, Vera Krasovitskaya, as well as amateur and professional choirs. "Katyusha" was included in the repertoire of many army ensembles. This song was sung in cities and villages, at festivities and demonstrations, as well as at the festive table, in the home circle.
"Praskovya"
Another fruit of the joint work of Matvey Blanter and Mikhail Isakovsky was the song "Praskovya", which is also known as "Enemies burned their own hut". It tells about the return of a Russian soldier from the war to his native village. The song "Praskovya" was written in 1945. It should be noted that at first it was severely criticized by the party for its tragic sound. "Praskovya" was actually banned for 15 years. The first who dared to include this song in his repertoire was It happened in 1960. "Praskovya" immediately received recognition Soviet people. It has become, perhaps, one of the most tragic songs dedicated to the Patriotic War.
Other songs by Isakovsky
Many poems were created by the poet Isakovsky. His biography is interesting because whole line his works became lyrics to songs. Many of them are probably familiar to you. In addition to those already mentioned, the following songs on the verses of Mikhail Vasilyevich received great fame: "Seeing", "Farewell", "Oh, my fogs ...", "In the forest near the front", "Spark", "Lonely Accordion" and many others. Compositions from the film " Kuban Cossacks", released in 1949. Among them, "Oh, the viburnum is blooming" became especially famous. Another very popular song from this tape is "What you were, you remained" (M. V. Isakovsky). A brief biography of the poet is marked by collaboration with several composers. For example, Isaac Dunayevsky set music to the verses from this film. These songs immediately became popular, the author of the lyrics to which is M. Isakovsky. The poet's biography was marked by national fame during his lifetime. And to this day, Isakovsky's songs are performed at solemn events and feasts.
last years of life
The last years of Mikhail Isakovsky's life were marked by his social activities as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR (4 convocations). In the late 1950s and early 1960s, Mikhail Vasilyevich traveled abroad several times. He visited Italy twice, visited France and Czechoslovakia, saw Warsaw and Vienna. In a word, Isakovsky led an active, businesslike lifestyle.
Mikhail Vasilyevich's illness worsened in 1964 (pneumonia, heart attack). In 1970, the poet was forced to meet in the sanatorium named after Herzen, located near Moscow. Central television in January was preparing a program dedicated to the poet's seventieth birthday. Isakovsky himself took part in the filming. His biography ends on July 20, 1973. It was then that the poet died in Moscow.
The poet Mikhail Isakovsky was born in the village of Glotovka at the very beginning of the 20th century, in January 1900. How could a boy from a simple and impoverished family become a famous poet? Did he manage to realize all his creative ideas? What kind of person was Mikhail the writer - in this article.
The childhood of the poet
Mikhail Vasilyevich's parents were very poor people, and at the same time the Isakovsky family had many children. Unfortunately, due to hunger, not all children were able to survive, but Mikhail was lucky, as they say, the Family suffered greatly from hunger. There was not enough money all the time, and little Misha's childhood memories were far from the brightest.
His father worked at the post office and often brought newspapers from work, which helped little son learn to read and write. Thus, the future poet became the only literate person in the entire district. People from neighboring villages began to contact him to write letters to their relatives. Undoubtedly, the boy was very flattered by this, and his desire to learn grew every day. While writing letters, the boy found out what thoughts and feelings people have for each other, being at a distance, who has what problems and experiences. This helped him learn, he learned to express his thoughts regarding human relationships.
Poetic talent was observed in a boy with early childhood, and this ability to empathize later resulted in the fact that Mikhail Isakovsky developed in his work the genre of the so-called lyrical writing.
Such a desirable education
From early childhood, the poet found a very serious incurable disease eye. And from the age of thirteen, his eyesight began to deteriorate greatly, which constantly threatened with complete blindness. This disease made the boy very modest and shy. He managed to go to school from the age of 11, but in the class they laughed at him, and he began to study at home, controlled by teachers. Making great strides, Mikhail Isakovsky pleased parents and teachers.
In 1913, the boy graduated from school with honors, was able to continue his studies at the Smolensk gymnasium. There he wrote one of his best poems, The Wayfarer (1916). Unfortunately, the poet had to give up his studies at the gymnasium, as the family was in dire need. He had to go to work to help feed his family.
Alas, he could no longer continue his education in educational institutions, due to eye disease. But Mikhail Isakovsky until the end of his life was engaged in self-education, read a lot and, of course, wrote poetry.
The work of the poet
During the October Revolution, the poet began his Even without specialized education he was invited to work as a teacher in an elementary school, where he showed himself as a talented teacher.
The year 1918 turns out to be very important for the poet - he joins the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks. From that moment on, he began to write a lot.
A year later, he was appointed editor of the Yelninskaya newspaper, which he himself created from scratch. Of course, I also had to write myself, it was simply not possible to get a typewriter. Undoubtedly, such painstaking work worsened his already poor eyesight.
In 1926, Mikhail Isakovsky was elected secretary of the board of the RAPP. Now he is more often published in newspapers.
Five years later, in 1931, Mikhail Vasilyevich moved to Moscow to become the editor-in-chief of the then popular Kolkhoznik magazine.
His activity proceeded very rapidly, he was engaged in journalistic work, was in parties, created his works.
In the 1950s and 1960s, he traveled abroad several times. In other words, he was very active and at a fairly mature age.
Difficult creative path
At the age of 12, his first famous poems: "Lomonosov" and "The Way".
In the 1930s the poet acquired wide popularity thanks to the songs "Katyusha", "There is no better color", "Brown eyes".
For health reasons, he could not participate in hostilities, but he morally supported everyone who was at the front, dedicating a number of poems to them: “In the forest near the front”, “Goodbye, cities and huts”.
The post-war poem “Enemies burned their own hut” written by Isakovsky was banned for a long time. It was believed that a soldier cannot cry, but must heroically endure all difficulties. But still, after a while, the poem was published, and the words were set to music, despite the ban.
The language of Mikhail Vasilyevich's poetry is very musical, understandable to the people, clear. He fell in love with many for his ability to accurately and concisely express human feelings and empathize with everyone.
At the end of life
In their last years the poet is engaged in active parliamentary activity, and is also fond of prose - he writes the Yelnin Book.
In 1971, he fell seriously ill, suffered a complex heart attack. While in the hospital, he learns that his friend, the poet and writer Tvardovsky, is with him there. But they cannot come and visit each other - everyone's health is too weak. And after the death of Tvardovsky in December of the same year, Isakovsky falls into a deep depression, grieving for his comrade.
In July, 20, 1973 Isakovsky Mikhail Vasilievich dies.
The biography of the poet is so rich and difficult that makes us, readers, take an example from this strong man. about him as famous poet In the 20th century, the film “Brilliant Primitive. Isakovsky's Mystery.
The poet was buried at the same place where a monument was erected to him.
Poet
From the time you were rewarded
We are the last mournful honors,
I stayed on this earth
In my hopeless loneliness.
And it's getting worse for me day by day -
Uncomfortable, anxious, unsettled...
Only maple meets me
Maple, planted by your hands.
Only he who stands at the gate
And bathes in the sunset rays.
Maple only. Maple only. But also the one
By the way, it's already crumbling...
Mikhail Isakovsky was born on January 19, 1900 in the village of Glotovka, Elninsk district.
“In the villages and villages of this region, people endowed with rich voice data have long lived,” Tvardovsky wrote in an article dedicated to his older friend. - Suffice it to say that the famous Pyatnitsky Choir includes up to ten people from the village of Glotovka in the Vskhodsky district. And the members of the Babykovsky collective farm choir, as they say, are the descendants of the serf choir of peasants. Singing skills have been passed down from generation to generation. Here, in one of the deaf and remote corners of our region, these generations have preserved and carried through decades the words and melodies of ancient folk songs ... "
Isakovsky's parents were poor. Of their thirteen children, only five survived. Michael was the penultimate child. The family did not make ends meet. Bread grown on a piece of land was not enough until the new harvest, often there was nothing to feed the family.
AT Isakovsky's memories of a bleak, hungry childhood: “Bitter, bitter childhood in a region where “the land is stingy with the harvest, and there is no land of this very kind”, in an area where even a splinter was saved and “in the evenings no lights are lit anywhere”. And then there's that incurable, damned eye disease.
The growing boy Misha also had bright moments in his life. Big role Father Vasily Nazarovich played - an enterprising and economic person.
To feed big family, he in the fall, at the end of agricultural work, went in search of earnings. He did not spare his feet and, according to the poet's stories, he traveled almost the entire country - the Smolensk region, Belarus, even reached St. Petersburg. Over time, he managed to get a job as a postman in the neighboring village of Oselle.
Vasily Nazarovich thought about the future of his son, sought to give him an education, to reveal to him the world. Work at the post office contributed to this. Every week he went with the mail to the Pavlinovo station, often taking his son with him on a trip. These trips for a peasant boy from a remote village were an acquaintance with a large, previously unknown world.
There was another important consequence of such trips. Thanks to the newspapers and magazines that his father brought from the post office, Misha became self-taught to read and write, learned to read and write. Mikhail Isakovsky became, in his words, almost the only literate person in the entire district. From the surrounding villages, peasants came to him with a request to write letters for them to their relatives and friends. These were the first "literary works" of a ten-year-old boy. He wrote, in the opinion of the villagers, “well, well-organized and, most importantly,“ compassionately ”. Especially, as Isakovsky later recalled, he was trusted to compose letters to their husbands and relatives by illiterate soldiers and other women offended by fate.
Thanks to the letters, the impressionable and inquisitive teenager gained access to the innermost feelings and thoughts of the peasants; found out who has what fate, who has what life circumstances. On the other hand, he learned to express human feelings. It is no coincidence that the peculiar genre of “lyrical writing” will later occupy great place in the poetry of Isakovsky. The poet will not only speak in his works from another person, but will directly give the form of a letter to a number of his poems: “Letter from the Village”, “Letter”, “Letter to the Village Council”, “First Letter”, “Letter to Countrymen”, etc. P.
In the autumn of 1910, in the volost village of Autumn, half a kilometer from Glotovka, a primary zemstvo school. Mikhail Isakovsky, who had missed years, but already knew how to read and write, was accepted immediately into the second grade.
“I had nothing to go to school, especially in winter,” he later recalled. Bast shoes, it’s true, I knew how to weave myself, so things were going well with shoes, but I didn’t have anything to wear. And so I spent the whole winter, as they say, not in the stove.
In addition, there was another reason: since childhood, the boy has been suffering from an eye disease, he could not see well even from the first desk, he was afraid of offensive nicknames. A teacher, Ekaterina Sergeevna Geranskaya, came to the rescue. She sent the boy a complete set of textbooks for the second grade, and he began to study at home. From the autumn of 1911 he was able to go to school and graduated from it in the spring of 1913, having received "5" in all subjects.
Already at school, Mikhail began to show literary talent. In the summer of 1912, he began to write poetry, and two of them - "Saint" and "M.V. Lomonosov”, were read to them at the request of teachers at the final exam. Mikhail was very worried before the speech: he had to read in the presence of unfamiliar teachers, as well as a priest and zemstvo authorities, who were part of examination committee. The success was complete. The barefoot, poorly dressed boy, whom no one had noticed before, became the subject of attention.
In 1914, when Isakovsky, with the help of teachers - E.S. Goranskaya and V.V. Svistunov, stubbornly prepared for entrance exams in the fourth grade of the gymnasium (it was necessary to master a three-year course in a few months), one of his student poems was published.
It was "A Soldier's Request", published in the Moscow newspaper "Nov", where it was sent without the knowledge of the author by one of the teachers.
In the autumn of 1915, Isakovsky entered the fourth grade. private gymnasium Voronin in Smolensk.
Middle doors educational institution opened up to the poor peasant son by good fortune. During the final exams in 1913, a member of the Elninsk Zemstvo Council came to the zemstvo four-year school in the village of Autumn during the final exams, public education in the county, Mikhail Ivanovich Pogodin, grandson famous historian. He drew attention to a tall, thin boy with glasses, who brilliantly answered the exam and read his poems. Pogodin took an ardent part in the fate of the gifted teenager. At his own expense, he took him to eye doctors in Smolensk, and then got him into a gymnasium, securing a scholarship from the Elninka Zemstvo Council - 20 rubles a month. In addition, the boy was financially helped by teachers A.M. Vasilyeva, A.V., Tarbaeva, V.V. Svistunov. The poet has forever preserved the grateful memory of these sensitive, sympathetic people who played such important role in his life. In fact, they sealed his fate. E.S. did a lot for him. Goranskaya. All the guys loved Ekaterina Sergeevna very much for deep knowledge, for kindness, for exactingness and justice. Young Isakovsky was in awe of her, before the one who taught him to appreciate and understand literature, true kindness and beauty: “We all loved her so sincerely,” the poet later said, “that we were very ashamed if we failed to fulfill her requirements.”
It was Goranskaya who first felt something was wrong with the eyes of her student and hired a cab herself to take him to the doctors in Yelnya. She carefully selected books for him and taught him individually when he was unable to go to school. She instilled in him a love of poetry and literature; she was the first to notice his talent and directed him in every possible way.
Alexandra Vasilievna Tarbaeva led in rural school first class, when Misha Isakovsky was accepted as an external student in the second. She shared with E.S. Goransky all the troubles and worries about his fate.
A huge role in the fate of the future outstanding poet played by M.I. Pogodin. When Isakovsky was threatened with the expulsion of their gymnasium for non-payment of the tuition fee, Pogodin quickly came to the rescue. Without the help of these people, Isakovsky, perhaps, would not have become what he became in poetry.
Isakovsky lived very poorly. According to him own words, he "occupied a small room, ate anyhow and with anything." Loneliness and lack of friends added to the material difficulties. With all classmates, he "converged tight." He studied with the children of wealthy parents. In their circle, a boy from a poor working-class family, a “muzhik,” felt alienated.
In the gymnasium, Isakovsky continued his poetic experiments, but the new teachers no longer supported him. The poet recalled how “once he tried to hint at his “involvement in literature”: the gymnasium students were given an essay on the topic: “Description of the Caucasus based on the works of A.S. Pushkin". Not indifferent to Pushkin at school, the boy decided to express his thoughts in poetic form:
“So this is what you are, my sacred Caucasus,
I tried with all my heart
To see you as a child at least once,
To you I was carried away by a dream.
The teacher of literature did not put any mark and wrote in red ink under the essay: “I ask you to accurately complete assigned work without taking inappropriate liberties.”
And yet, Isakovsky did not stop composing. Of those written in the gymnasium, the best is the poem “The Traveler” (1916), which was included in one of the early youth collections “On the Steps of Time”.
During the February bourgeois-democratic revolution, Isakovsky studied in the sixth grade of the Smolensk gymnasium.
Isakovsky studied at the Voronin Gymnasium in Smolensk for two years, and in the fall of 1917 he transferred to the Yelninskaya Gymnasium, closer to home. However, there was no need to study further: the family was in great need and it was necessary to take up work. He leaves the gymnasium, leaving the sixth grade. This was the end of his education. Subsequently, he was engaged in self-education all his life, as he could not continue systematic studies due to eye disease.
Great October revolution seventeen-year-old Mikhail Isakovsky received it joyfully, and in his autobiography, like Mayakovsky, who exclaimed “My revolution!”, He wrote: “I cannot imagine my existence apart from the life of the people, from the October Revolution.”
In the year of Great October began labor activity Isakovsky: he becomes a teacher elementary school I enjoy great confidence among the workers - the villagers. He is elected to the village volost Council - assistant secretary.
In the spring of 1918, a dramatic episode occurred in the biography of Isakovsky, which almost cost him his life. The impoverished peasantry of the Smolensk region more than once sent messengers for bread to the fertile southern regions of Russia. Wanting to help the starving villagers, Isakovsky in March 1918, together with comrade Filimon Titov, went on a similar trip to drive a wagon of bread for the village. They visited Kursk, and then reached Rostov-on-Don, where they were told that a barge with wheat was moving along the Don and that all this bread was supposed to be sent by a special train to the Smolensk province. But walked Civil War, White-Cossack troops were advancing on Rostov. The barge never arrived, the train did not run. Isakovsky and his friend went home on foot, but near Novocherkassk they were detained by a White Cossack patrol, imprisoned and, as it turned out later from the documents, they were sentenced to be shot. Only the entry into the city of the Red Army saved them from death.
The horror of the experience did not weaken the will of the young Isakovsky.
In the autumn of 1918 he joined the CPSU(b). Begins a long period journalistic newspaper work of Isakovsky, at the same time his formation as a poet takes place. The revolution needed literate people from the worker-peasant strata.
At the beginning of 1919, the party sent Isakovsky to Yelnya as the editor of a county newspaper. In fact, there was no newspaper yet - it had to be created anew. He worked here for two years, and he worked literally alone. All the material, from the first to the last line, had to be rewritten by hand: there was neither a typewriter nor a typist. He wrote articles and feuilletons, corrected, participated in the layout. The newspaper was printed by hand. Fatigue at work influenced the fact that Isakovsky's eye disease progressed.
In 1921, Isakovsky was transferred to work in the Smolensk provincial newspaper Rabochy Put. In various positions (producer, secretary, head of department, etc.), he worked here for ten years (not counting several long breaks associated with eye disease).
In the same year, 1921, the first collections of Isakovsky’s poems were published in Smolensk: “On the Steps of Time”, “Ups” - the propaganda poem “Four Hundred Millions” and the book of slogans “Fight against hunger”, “Battle slogans of the day”, created on the instructions of the provincial party committee .
In 1921 he moved to Smolensk, where he worked as an editor of the department of the regional newspaper Rabochy Put.
Isakovsky worked for the Rabochy Put newspaper for ten years.
“I will get to Smolensk,” Tvardovsky wrote in his diary in October 1927. - I’ll come here ... The editorial office of the Rabochy Put ... Somehow I like its low and dark rooms. There hangs a special "editor's" smell, the smell of ink, paper, the rattling of typewriters. And most importantly, Isakovsky's kind, smiling eyes through his glasses. He leans over the table (since it is very long, it seems to me that, sitting on one side of the table, he can, bending over, reach the floor on the other side with his hand), writes, soils the sheets typed on a typewriter ... "
To Isakovsky himself, however, work in the editorial office did not at all seem so romantic.
“I am dissatisfied with the new editor,” he wrote to his friend S. Pamfilov. - In relation to me, he has already managed to apply “economic repression” twice. The last one of these days. I, as a member of the board of the RAPP (Russian Association of Proletarian Writers), was at the plenum for almost a week, and the editor ordered that my salary be withheld from me for this week, since I allegedly traveled at my own request and in general the editors were not involved in this RAPP. I am a peaceful person and do not like to make trouble, but I will leave the editorial office with great pleasure if the Literary Fund satisfies my application ... The same repressions apply to the literary page. She was expelled, although formally the editor for a literal page, but in fact she rejects the best works our authors, including mine ... In general, the atmosphere of work is unhealthy and not good ... "
In 1926-1927, when at the base literary group under the Smolensk Komsomol newspaper "Young Comrade", the Smolensk branch of the Russian Association of Proletarian Writers (RAPP) arose, Isakovsky was elected secretary of the board of this organization. Increasingly, his poems were published in Smolensk newspapers.
In 1927, a book of Isakovsky's poems, Wires in the Straw, was published in Moscow. The book was devastated by the critic A. Lezhnev, but for young poet Maxim Gorky stood up. “Mikhail Isakovsky,” he wrote, “is not a village one, but one new person who knows that the city and the village are two forces that cannot exist separately from one another, and knows that the time has come for them to merge into one irresistible creative force ... "
In 1930, a collection of poems "Province" was published, in 1931 - "Masters of the Earth".
The poet, who gained fame, was transferred to Moscow as the editor of the Kolkhoznik magazine. Isakovsky was proud of his involvement in literary life. The collection “Along and along the road, along and along the Kazanka”, published in Smolensk in 1934, the poet even accompanied with a special explanation “This book was formed as a result of everyday participation in the work of the newspaper of the political department of the Moscow-Kazan railway"Railway Proletarian", on the pages of which the poems collected here were printed ... "
Moscow life at first was not easy and did little to please the poet. “I collected a parcel (grocery), - he wrote to his daughter, - and carried it to the post office. And now I did not have three kopecks to send the parcel. I went back to Izvoznaya Street, where I lived at that time. Borrowed ten kopecks from a neighbor. And what would I borrow at least a ruble, so that it would be enough for a tram. And then again I dragged myself on foot, and the post office was far away ... "
