The award was established on May 22, 1940 as highest degree distinctions for citizens awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
On December 27, 1938, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR established "the highest degree of distinction in the field of economic and cultural construction" - the title of Hero Socialist Labor. Initially, along with the assignment of the title of hero, the Order of Lenin was awarded. But later the question arose, how to distinguish the Heroes of Socialist Labor from other holders of the Order of Lenin? In this regard, in 1940, by the Decree "On additional insignia for Heroes of Socialist Labor", the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was established.
The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is the highest degree of distinction for merits in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction.
The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is conferred on persons who have shown labor heroism, have made a significant contribution to improving the efficiency of social production, contributed to the rise of National economy, science, culture, the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.
For new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, the person awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor could be awarded the order Lenin and the second gold medal Hammer and Sickle. To commemorate him labor exploits being built bronze bust A hero with a corresponding inscription, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.
Hammer and sickle medal price
To date, prices for the Hammer and Sickle medal start from:
1940 wide block qty ≈45 pcs. - 650,000 rubles.
1943 3-digit number qty ≈955 pcs. - 220,000 rubles.
4-digit number qty ≈9000 pcs. - 140,000 rubles.
5-digit number qty ≈11000 pcs. - 123,000 rubles.
duplicate qty ≈? PCS. - 260,000 rubles.
repeated awarding qty ≈200 pcs. - 970,000 rubles.
Price updated as of 03/21/2019
Description of other awards of the USSR: Medal for labor valor award for selfless labor activity and the valor shown at the same time and a medal for distinction in protecting the state border of the USSR.
Medal Hammer and Sickle in the award system of the USSR
senior award
junior award
Awarded with the Hammer and Sickle medal of the Hero of Socialist Labor
In 1939 JV Stalin became the first Hero of Socialist Labor. The title was awarded by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in connection with his sixtieth birthday. The outstanding designer became the second Hero of Socialist Labor small arms V. A. Degtyarev. He led the nation's first design department for the development of firearms.
The Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded the Order of Lenin, the Hammer and Sickle medal, and a diploma from the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. Three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle" were awarded to: Academicians A.P. Aleksandrov and M.V. Keldysh, theoretical physicists Ya.B. Zel'dovich, Yu.B. Khariton and K.I. V. Kurchatov, outstanding aircraft designers A. N. Tupolev and S. V. Ilyushin, as well as one of the organizers defense industry B. L. Vannikov.
Description of the Hammer and Sickle medal
Dimensions The dimensions from the center to the edge of the beam are 15 mm. Weight - 28.0g (+/-1.5g)
materials 950 gold - 14.6 g (+/-0.9 g), silver - 12.0 g (+/-0.9 g).
Artist Pomansky S.A.
The Hammer and Sickle medal was made of gold and is a five-pointed star with smooth dihedral rays on the front side. Relief images of a hammer and sickle are superimposed in the center of the front side of the medal.
The reverse side of the medal is smooth with a relief inscription in three lines "HERO OF SOCIALIST LABOR". The medal number is inscribed in the upper beam.
With the help of an eyelet and a link, the medal is connected to a rectangular gilded silver block, which is covered with a red silk moire ribbon. The block has a pin fastening.
The gold star Hammer and Sickle is the highest degree of distinction, worn on the left side of the chest, and in the presence of other orders and medals, it is located above them.
The highest degree of distinction - the title of "Hero of Socialist Labor" was established by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 27, 1938. The same Decree approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
On May 22, 1940, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On additional insignia for Heroes of Socialist Labor”, the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was established [For a description of the Sickle and Moloch gold medal, see the section “Medals of the USSR”].
The Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of May 14, 1973 approved the Regulations on the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in a new edition. This Regulation reads:
"one. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is the highest degree of distinction for merits in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction.
2. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded to individuals who have shown labor heroism, who, through their especially outstanding innovative activity, have made a significant contribution to increasing the efficiency of social production, contributed to the rise of the national economy, science, culture, the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.
3. The title of Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
4. The Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded: the highest award of the USSR - the Order of Lenin; badge of special distinction - the gold medal "Hammer and Sickle"; Diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
5. Hero of Socialist Labor for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less than those for which he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor, is awarded the Order of Lenin and the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" and in commemoration of his labor exploits is being built a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the award.
6. The Hero of Socialist Labor, who was awarded two gold medals "Hammer and Sickle", for new outstanding achievements in the field of economic and socio-cultural construction, no less significant than the previous ones, can be again awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal .
7. When a Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the Order of Lenin and the Hammer and Sickle gold medal, he is simultaneously presented with a letter of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR along with the order and medal.
8. In the event that the Hero of Socialist Labor is awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, then in commemoration of his labor and heroic deeds, a bronze bust of the Hero with a corresponding inscription is erected, installed in his homeland, which is recorded in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
9. Heroes of Socialist Labor enjoy the benefits established by law ... "
The first Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor took place on December 20, 1939. By this Decree, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded to I.V. Stalin. With the establishment of the Hammer and Sickle gold medal, he was awarded this insignia for No. 1.
The famous designer of small arms Degtyarev V.A. became the second Hero of Socialist Labor in our country. This title was awarded to him by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of January 2, 1940.
Among the first to be awarded the high title of Hero of Socialist Labor were aircraft designers Polikarpov N.P., Yakovlev A.S., small arms designer F.V. Tokarev, aircraft weapons designer B.G. , Krupchatnikov M. Ya., Ivanov I. I., designers of aircraft engines Mikulin A. A., Klimov V. Ya. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of October 28, 1940), TsAGI professor Chaplygin S. A. of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of August 1, 1941), the designer of one of the samples of jet weapons Kostikov A. G. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of July 28, 1941).
During the Great Patriotic War, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was one of the first to be awarded to the People's Commissar aviation industry Shakhurin A. I., his deputies Dementiev P. V. and Voronin P. A., director of the aircraft factory Tretyakov A. T. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 8, 1941), tank designer Kotin Zh. Ya ., Director of the Kirov Plant in Leningrad Saltsman I. M. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 19, 1941) and aircraft designer Ilyushin S. V. (Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of November 25, 1941).
After the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, during the period of restoration of the destroyed national economy of our country and its further development, for outstanding labor successes, especially in the field of agriculture, some Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle".
The first Heroes of Socialist Labor, awarded the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 17, 1950, were cotton growers Bagirova Basti Masim kyzy and Gasanova Shamama Makhmudali kyzy.
Soon the second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was awarded to cotton growers Annarov A., Tursunkulov X., Kakabaev A., Toyliev I., tobacco grower Svanidze P.P., chairman of the collective farm, which achieved high rates in the collection of cotton and rice yields, Kim P., tea growers Kupunia T. A., Rogava A. M., milkmaids of the state farm "Karavaevo" Barkova U. S., Grekhova E. I., Ivanova L. P., Nilova A. V. and others.
The second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" was also awarded to well-known foremen of tractor brigades Angelsh-na P. N. and Gitalov A. V., chairmen of collective farms Generalov F. S., Beshulya S. E., Burkatskaya G. E., Dubkovetsky F. I., Ismailov K., Urunkhodzhaev S., Ovezov B., Ersaryev O., noble collective farmers and collective farmers - masters of high yields Vishtak S. D., Diptan O. K., Kayoazarova S m Blazhevsky E. V., Bryntseva M. A., well-known combine operators Gontar D. I., Bai-da G. I., Braga M. A., karakul growers Kuanyshbaev Zh. and Balimanov D., foreman of viticulturists Knyazeva M. D. and others.
In industry, the second gold medal "Sickle and Hammer" was awarded to the head of the construction of the Volgograd hydroelectric complex Alexandrov A.P., the head of the coal mine site Bridko I.I., the famous electric welder Ulesov A.A. and others.
The second gold medal "Hammer and Sickle" was awarded to prominent party and government officials, as well as outstanding Soviet scientists. Among them are comrades A. N. Kosygin, A. P. Kirilenko, D. A. Kunaev, M. A. Suslov, D. F. Ustinov, academician S. P. Korolev, honorary academician VASKHNIL Yuriev V. Ya., full member of VASKHNIL breeder V. S. Pustovoit, famous aircraft designers Mikoyan A. I., Yakovlev A. S., Sukhoi P. O. and others.
Total by the beginning of 1977 in our country high rank Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded 18,287 Soviet citizens, of which over a hundred people were awarded two medals "Hammer and Chamois".
For outstanding services to the state in the field of science and technology, in the management of individual branches of industry, a number of prominent Soviet scientists and organizers of production were awarded three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle". Among them are Academicians I. V. Kurchatov, M. V. Keldysh, A. P. Aleksandrov, Ya. B. Zeldovich, K. I. Shchelkin, B. L. Vannikov, one of the organizers of the defense industry of the USSR, and A. Tupolev, aircraft designers. P., Ilyushin S. V. and others. Three gold medals "Hammer and Sickle" were awarded to the noble chairman of the cotton-growing collective farm Kham-rakul Tursunkulov.
For great services to our socialist Motherland, by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 6, 1967, a number of benefits were established for the Heroes of Socialist Labor.
In accordance with this Decree, Heroes of Socialist Labor have the right to:
To establish by him personal pensions of federal significance in relation to the conditions determined by the Regulations on Personal Pensions. This right is also enjoyed by the families of the deceased Heroes of Socialist Labor, who were previously granted a pension on other grounds;
To provide living space in accordance with established standards in the first place;
To pay for the living space occupied by them and their family members in the amount of 50 percent of the rent calculated at the rates established for workers and employees;
When living in houses owned by them as personal property, to a discount on building and land rent tax or agricultural tax in the amount of 50 percent of the established rates;
To pay for the additional space they occupy up to 15 sq. meters in a single size;
Personal free travel once a year (round trip) by rail - in soft cars of fast and passenger trains, water transport- in class I cabins (category I seats) of express and passenger lines, by air or intercity motor transport;
Personal free use of intracity transport (tram, bus, trolleybus, subway, water crossings), and in countryside- buses of intra-district lines;
To receive, at the conclusion of a medical institution, an annual free voucher to a sanatorium or rest home [Issuance of free vouchers to the Heroes of Socialist Labor is carried out at their place of work (service), and to non-working pensioners - by the bodies that assigned the pension];
For extraordinary maintenance by entertainment and public utilities, cultural and educational institutions.
The Heroes of Socialist Labor are an example of labor dedication and heroism, devotion to their homeland, to the cause of building a communist society in the USSR, and enjoy the honor and respect of the Soviet people.
Hero of Socialist Labor - honorary title, which was awarded in the Soviet Union, was considered the highest in the USSR from 1938 to 1991. So they celebrated merits for work, contribution specific person in the development of science or any particular area of industry or economy. In this article, we will focus on the most famous personalities who received this title. Most of them received this award three times.
Anatoly Alexandrov first became a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1954. Twice more he was awarded the honorary title in 1960 and 1973. It's famous Soviet physicist, member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.
Alexandrov is considered one of the founders of the national nuclear power. His main works are written in physics solids, nuclear physics and polymer physics. Immediately after the Great Patriotic War, he was appointed director of the Institute of Physical Problems at the Academy of Sciences - in this post he replaced Kapitsa, who at that time fell into disgrace.
It was Alexandrov who participated in the creation of projects and construction power plants, which were used on the famous Soviet nuclear icebreakers - "Arktika", "Lenin", "Siberia". It was he who presented to Stalin the new kind submarines - a submarine with a nuclear power plant.
The decision was made, the submarine was built, the serial production- so the USSR became the world's largest center of nuclear submarine shipbuilding.
Alexandrov was a fan of nuclear energy, and when the accident happened at Chernobyl nuclear power plant, admitted that for him she became a personal tragedy. He died in 1994 at 91.
Hero of Socialist Labor Boris Vannikov is considered one of the first to receive this award three times. He received it in 1942, 1949 and 1954. Vannikov was an active statesman.
During the Great Patriotic War, organized the provision of ammunition navy and the Red Army. Already in 1943, their production in the USSR tripled compared to 1941. Besides Soviet engineers made them cheaper, without losing quality and even improving the ballistic characteristics of shells. It played certain role in final victory over fascism.
Immediately after the war, he led the First Directorate under the Council People's Commissars, supervised production issues nuclear weapons. In fact, he was one of the creators of the atomic project, and of the entire nuclear industry in the Soviet Union. If Kurchatov was responsible for the decision scientific tasks, then Vannikov - for the prompt execution of orders and coordination of all work. In this regard, he was an indispensable leader.
He died in 1962 when he was 64 years old.
Hero of Socialist Labor Yakov Zeldovich was a Soviet chemist and physicist. He is one of the creators of the atomic and hydrogen bombs. He received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1949, 1954 and 1956. Among scientists, his works on detonation, nuclear physics, physics of explosion combustion and cosmology are known.
His works on the theory of combustion are still considered classics today. It was Zel'dovich, together with Dering and Neumann, who proposed a model for the propagation of a detonation wave in a gaseous medium.
Thanks to numerous discoveries made in the field of physics, his name is deservedly included in the list of Heroes of Socialist Labor.
He died in 1987 at the age of 73.
Sergei Ilyushin is one of the most famous aircraft designers in the country. It was his merit that the mass production of the Il-2 attack aircraft, named after the creator, became. Thanks to Ilyushin, the country began to recognize and remember the names of the Heroes of Socialist Labor. The aircraft designer received the award in 1841, 1957 and 1974.
Even before the war, he designed experimental bombers. One of them set the first Soviet aviation world record for the height of cargo lifting in 1936. It was in the Ilyushin design bureau that the Il-4 bombers were created, which already in 1941, when the Germans bombed the territory with might and main Soviet Union raided Berlin.
But his main merit is the IL-2, a massive aircraft that participated in that war. Interestingly, after the war, the aircraft designer concentrated on the production of passenger aircraft, which were also made on the basis of Il.
Ilyushin died in 1977, he was 82 years old.
The Order of the Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded three times to the Soviet scientist Mstislav Keldysh, one of the main ideologists of the Soviet space program, in 1956, 1961 and 1971.
After the Great Patriotic War, Keldysh developed a thermonuclear bomb, establishing a special calculation bureau for this. It was for this work that he received his first star of the Hero of Socialist Labor.
In the mid-1950s, he became a member of the Council of Designers, which was headed by Korolev, and began to develop projects for space exploration and rocket design. Then he carried out still only theoretical calculations of the probability of flying into the orbit of the Earth, to the Moon and other planets of the solar system.
Was among the leaders of the council for the launch of the first artificial satellite Earth, did a lot for the implementation of manned flights. He was one of the Soviet scientists who collaborated with other countries under the Intercosmos program.
It is with Keldysh that the development of computational mathematics in the Soviet Union is associated. He died in 1978 at the age of 67.
In the list of Heroes of Socialist Labor, this name is known to everyone without exception - Igor Kurchatov. Behind the scenes, he is called "the father of the Soviet atomic bomb". He was awarded the honorary title in 1949, 1951 and 1954.
Soviet nuclear project Kurchatov supervised from the very beginning in 1942 until his death in 1960, when he was only 57 years old. At first, these works were mainly research and theoretical. At the same time, he called the authorities increased attention: they were closely watched by Stalin's people.
Since 1943, Kurchatov began to return prominent scientists from the front, which he needed to achieve an early result. In the Special Committee on GKO, main task which was the development of the nuclear industry in the country, Kurchatov was responsible for the scientific part, and all organizational issues fell on the shoulders of Vannikov.
In 1946, Kurchatov met with Stalin, which resulted in the signing of several dozen documents that made the nuclear industry a priority in the country.
Talking about the Heroes of Socialist Labor of the USSR, it is necessary to mention Academician Sakharov. He is the only one of those who was three times the owner of this title, and then deprived of them. Sakharov is a major Russian theoretical physicist, one of the main creators of the Soviet hydrogen bomb.
In fact, he worked on this project from 1948 to 1968, at the same time he conducted research on a controlled thermonuclear reaction, unique for that time.
At the same time, Academician Sakharov is no less famous for his human rights activities. He is the author of the draft Constitution of the so-called Union Soviet republics Europe and Asia. For his human rights work in 1975, the Nobel Committee awarded Sakharov the Peace Prize.
In 1980, the authorities considered his activities anti-Soviet, expelled from Moscow and stripped him of all awards. Together with his wife, Sakharov lived in Nizhny Novgorod until Mikhail Gorbachev allowed him to return from exile in 1986.
The academician died in 1989, he died at the age of 68.
Yefim Slavsky
Another head of the Soviet nuclear industry, Yefim Slavsky, received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1949, 1954 and 1962.
He participated in the creation of the atomic and then the hydrogen bomb. In the mid-1950s he was Minister of Mechanical Engineering. His merit is the creation of the so-called nuclear cities - Ozersk in Chelyabinsk region, Aktau, Zelenogorsk and Zheleznogorsk.
It was he who made the decision to build the Siberian Nuclear Power Plant, and in the early 1960s he supported the program of "peaceful atomic explosions."
He died in 1991, when he was 93 years old.
Andrei Tupolev received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor in 1945, 1957 and 1972. He is primarily known as Soviet aircraft designer. Directly under his leadership, several dozen various types aircraft, 70 of which were put into mass production as a result.
It is Andrei Tupolev who is responsible for the production of the famous Tu aircraft of various modifications, which are still successfully used in domestic civil and military aviation.
Tupolev died in 1972 at the age of 84.
It is noteworthy that not only physicists and aircraft designers, but also agricultural leaders received many awards. So, twice the Hero of Socialist Labor was the chairman of the collective farm "40 years of October", which was based in the Panfilov district of the Alma-Ata region, Nikolai Nikitich Golovatsky.
Being a native of the Volyn province, from the city of Zhytomyr, Golovatsky went to Kazakhstan in the late 30s. At first, he was entrusted with the Krasny Vostok collective farm, and during the Great Patriotic War, he led the farms.
Golovatsky became the chairman of the legendary by Soviet standards collective farm "40 years of October" in 1950, worked in it until 1992 and only at the age of 80 he retired.
All this time, the collective farm was one of the most advanced, favorably differing from many other farms in the Soviet Union. In 1990, Golovatsky's achievements were even filmed documentary under the name "Union of owners of the earth".
He died in 1996 at the age of 84.
Immediately 11 people in the history of the country at the same time were the heroes of the Soviet Union and the heroes of Socialist labor. Among them are military leaders, statesmen, employees of state security agencies.
These are Leonid Brezhnev, Kliment Voroshilov, Vasily Golovchenko, Valentina Grizodubova, Pyotr Masherov, Joseph Stalin, Pyotr Trainin, Ivan Tretyak, Dmitry Ustinov, Nikita Khrushchev.
Kirill Orlovsky deserves special mention, whose name is not as well known as most of those listed above. He worked in the NKVD, was one of the key leaders partisan movement in Belarus.
At the same time, he repeatedly inspired writers and directors to create works of art. So, it is Orlovsky who is the prototype of the protagonist of the drama Alexei Saltykov "Chairman", which was released in 1964.
Presumably, Orlovsky is the prototype of Robert Jordan, the protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's novel For Whom the Bell Tolls. It is known that during the war he illegally crossed at least 70 times state border and the front line.
On December 27, 1938, the title of Hero of Socialist Labor was established. However, the highest degree labor distinction appeared much earlier. As early as July 27, 1927, the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee and the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR adopted a resolution establishing the title of Hero of Labor. It was assigned to the leaders of socialist construction, with a long production experience. In the case of exceptional services to the Soviet state, a petition was initiated to award the Hero of Labor with the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
According to the decision of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR dated January 2, 1928, the first Heroes of Labor were the worker of the Vladimir textile factory " Paris Commune» N. A. Bushuev, who worked at this enterprise for 50 years and prevented an explosion in the boiler room; modeler of the Borisoglebsk car repair plant V. M. Fedorov - for numerous rationalization proposals and forty years of work experience; teacher from the city of Vilyuysk P. X. Starovatov - for success in pedagogical work; teacher from the Tatar ASSR M. Kurbangaleev - for compiling more than 50 textbooks in the Tatar language.
In total, 1014 people were awarded the title of Hero of Labor in 1928–1938.
The Hero of Labor was awarded a diploma of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR with a description of his merits and benefits were established.
The newly established title of Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded by the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to persons who achieved particularly great success in various fields national economy, science, art and culture, contributing to the growth of the power and glory of the USSR.
First, the Hero of Socialist Labor was awarded the Order of Lenin and a special diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. On May 22, 1940, the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was also established, with which the Heroes of Socialist Labor were awarded additionally - in addition to the Order of Lenin and the diploma of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. The Hammer and Sickle gold medal also had the shape five pointed star. A sickle and a hammer are superimposed on the Star. On the back - the inscription "Hero of Socialist Labor" and the number of the medal. The author of the sketch of the Hammer and Sickle medal was the artist S. A. Pomansky.
Twice the Heroes of Socialist Labor were provided with the establishment of a bust in their homeland, and with the third award - in Moscow.
On December 20, 1939, in connection with the 60th anniversary of his birth, I. V. Stalin was awarded the first title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
The second Hero was the outstanding gunsmith V. A. Degtyarev, who headed the first design bureau in the USSR for the development of small arms. V. A. Degtyarev created many samples of light and heavy machine guns - aviation, tank, anti-aircraft, as well as other types of weapons. During the Great Patriotic War, this weapon, improved and modernized by the designer, did a good job. Soviet soldiers and partisans.
The fact that, following the head of the party and the state, it was the weapons engineer who became the Hero of Socialist Labor was not an accident. Realizing that the war was approaching, the country led the rearmament of the army, aviation and navy.
Soon this title was awarded large group designers, engineers and scientists working in the defense industry. The titles of heroes were given to aircraft designers N. N. Polikarpov, A. S. Yakovlev, A. A. Mikulin, the oldest Soviet gunsmith, the creator of manual automatic weapons F. V. Tokarev, the creator of rapid-fire aircraft guns B. G. Shpitalny, mathematician and mechanic, Academician S. A. Chaplygin.
On October 29, 1940, the creators of new types of artillery pieces V. G. Grabin, I. I. Ivanov and M. Ya. Krupchatnikov became Heroes of Socialist Labor. All three are pupils of the F. E. Dzerzhinsky Artillery Academy - outstanding scientists and designers.
During the Great Patriotic War, the creators of weapons were the first among those who were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
In 1941, it was assigned to the people's commissar of the aviation industry A. I. Shakhurin, the director of one of the aircraft factories A. T. Tretyakov, the deputy people's commissar of the tank industry, the creator of heavy tanks "KB" and "IS" Zh. Ya. Kotin, the creator of attack aircraft and bombers to aircraft designer S. V. Ilyushin, director of the Leningrad plant named after S. M. Kirov I. M. Saltsman, in hardest time and in short term who organized the mass release various kinds weapons.
On November 6, 1943, the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR “On conferring the title of Hero of Socialist Labor” was published in the newspapers. commanding staff and ordinary workers railway transport, generals, officers and enlisted personnel railway troops". The awards were awarded to 127 people, including three women: A. N. Alexandrova, the senior switchman of the military operation department of the Kalinin Railway, A. P. Zharkova, the duty officer at the station of the Kirov Railway, and E. M. Chukhnyuk, the locomotive engineer of the depot Belarusian railway.
It was also handed over to P.F. Krivonos, one of the founders of the Stakhanov movement on the railways of the USSR, who by that time had become the head of the North-Donetsk Railway. But although millions Soviet people during the war years, they worked selflessly in the rear, bringing victory closer, only 201 people were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
After the war, the main task was to restore the national economy. The Nazis inflicted enormous material damage on our country: more than 70 thousand cities and villages were turned into ruins, more than 31 thousand enterprises were decommissioned, were ruined Agriculture. It was necessary to rebuild the cities and villages, factories and factories destroyed by the enemy, to restore bridges and tunnels, railways and power lines.
Colossal efforts were needed to overcome all the post-war difficulties. And the people found the strength to revive the country. Inspired by the Great Victory, the peoples did everything possible to quickly heal the wounds inflicted by the war. Hundreds of workers were awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. There were especially many of them among collective farmers, state farm workers, specialists and organizers of agricultural production. Just as before the Great Patriotic War the main characters were gunsmiths, after the war the threat of famine forced grain growers and winegrowers, milkmaids and livestock breeders to rise to the shield.
Among them were many Heroes of the Soviet Union, who became famous on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War. Among them are the famous organizers and leaders of advanced farms V. I. Golovchenko, K. P. Orlovsky, P. A. Trainin. Among the Heroes of the Soviet Union and Heroes of Socialist Labor, General of the Army I.M. Tretyak is especially worthy - he is the only military leader who has shown outstanding organizational skills in Peaceful time and proved to be, among other things, an excellent business executive.
Vasily Ivanovich Golovchenko, a driver of a self-propelled artillery mount, especially distinguished himself in the battles for a bridgehead near the city of Erchi on the bank of the Danube. The crew of his self-propelled gun destroyed a tank, a self-propelled gun, two anti-tank guns and 130 Nazis. Then, breaking into railway station, V. I. Golovchenko set fire to 3 enemy tanks. The driver was wounded, but after the battle he refused to go to the medical battalion and continued to fight. For this, V. I. Golovchenko was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Demobilized from the army, Vasily Ivanovich worked as a tractor driver, and then as a combine operator. In just one suffering, he harvested wheat and barley from 537 hectares, threshed more than 10 thousand centners of grain, for which he received the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
Kirill Prokofievich Orlovsky belonged to the older generation. In the years civil war he was the commander partisan detachment in Belarus, then fought in Spain, during the Great Patriotic War he became a commander partisan brigade. For skillful leadership, courage and heroism shown in the fight against the fascist invaders, Kirill Prokofievich was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. In one of the last battles, K.P. Orlovsky was seriously wounded: one arm was torn off, the other was severely crippled, he was almost completely deaf. In the summer of 1944, he returned to his native village of Myshkovichi and was elected chairman of the collective farm - completely destroyed and plundered by the invaders. The long-term selfless work of K. P. Orlovsky has borne fruit - the Rassvet collective farm has become one of the best farms in Belarus, and its chairman was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor.
| Death mask of I.V. Stalin | ||
| On the grave near the Kremlin wall | ||
| On the grave (view 2) | ||
| Bust in Mirny | ||
| In Digora (North Ossetia) | ||
| Bust in the museum of the city of Sumy | ||
| Image in the Tsey Gorge | ||
| Bust in the museum of the city of Putivl | ||
| Bust in Vladikavkaz | ||
| Bust in s. Elkhotovo | ||
| Bust in Art. Zmeyskaya | ||
| Memorial plaque in Vologda | ||
| Bust in Vladimir | ||
| Memorial plaque in Makhachkala |
Stalin (Dzhugashvili) Iosif Vissarionovich - Secretary Central Committee All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks), Moscow.
Born on December 6 (18), 1878 (official date for a long time was considered December 9 (21), 1879) in the city of Gori, Gori district, Tiflis province (now the Shida Kartli region, Georgia) in the family of a handicraft shoemaker. In 1894 he graduated from the Gori Theological School and entered the Tiflis (now Tbilisi) Orthodox Seminary, from which he was expelled in 1899 for revolutionary activities, went underground, became a professional revolutionary. Member of the RSDLP/VKP(b)/CPSU since 1898.
During the underground revolutionary activity repeatedly arrested and exiled.
At the 2nd All-Russian Congress of Soviets on October 26 (November 8), 1917, I.V. Stalin was elected to the first Soviet government as People's Commissar for Nationalities (1917-1922); at the same time in 1919-1922 headed the People's Commissariat state control RSFSR, reorganized in 1920 into the People's Commissariat of the Workers' and Peasants' Inspection (RKI).
During the Civil War and foreign military intervention 1918-1920 I.V. Stalin carried out a number of responsible assignments of the Central Committee of the RCP (b) and the Soviet government: he was a member of the Revolutionary Military Council (RVS) of the Republic, one of the organizers of the defense of Petrograd, a member of the PBC of the South, West, Southwestern fronts, representative of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee in the Council of Workers' and Peasants' Defense.
After the end of the Civil War, he participated in the struggle of the party for the restoration of the national economy, for the implementation of a new economic policy, for strengthening the alliance of the working class with the peasantry.
After the death of V.I. Lenin, from January 1924 I.V. Stalin participated in the development and implementation of the policy of the CPSU (b), plans for economic and cultural construction, measures to strengthen the country's defense capability and carry out foreign policy parties and Soviet state.
By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of December 20, 1939, for exceptional services in organizing the Bolshevik Party, creating the Soviet state, building a socialist society in the USSR and strengthening friendship between the peoples of the Soviet Union, he was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin. After the Hammer and Sickle gold medal was established on May 22, 1940, I.V. Stalin was awarded this insignia for number 1.
On May 6, 1941, Stalin assumed the duties of Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the USSR (since 1946 - Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR). From the beginning of the war, he was the Chairman of the State Defense Committee, People's Commissar of Defense and Supreme Commander of all the Armed Forces of the USSR.
On the second day of the war, June 23, 1941, I.V. Stalin became a member of the Headquarters of the High Command, and on June 30, 1941, he headed the formed emergency wartime body - State Committee defense (GKO). From July 10, 1941 I.V. Stalin began to lead the Stavka Supreme High Command, from July 19, 1941 he served as People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR, and on August 8, 1941 he was appointed Supreme Commander Armed Forces of the USSR. In the hands of I.V. Stalin, all the fullness of the state, party and military power. March 6, 1943 I.V. Stalin was given military rank Marshal of the Soviet Union.
Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of June 26, 1945 to the Marshal of the Soviet Union Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich who led the Red Army in hard days defense of our Motherland and its capital Moscow, who with exceptional courage and determination led the fight against Nazi Germany, was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union with the award of the Order of Lenin and the medal " Golden Star».
June 27, 1945 I.V. Stalin was awarded the highest military rank - Generalissimo of the Soviet Union.
As head of the Soviet government I.V. Stalin took part in the Tehran (from November 28, 1943 to December 1, 1943), Crimean (from February 4 to February 11, 1945) and Potsdam (from July 17 to August 2, 1945) conferences of the leaders of the three powers - the USSR, the USA and Great Britain .
AT post-war period he continued to hold the post of People's Commissar of Defense (from 03/15/1946 - Minister Armed Forces) until March 3, 1947. The post of General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Party and Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars (since 03/15/1946 - the Council of Ministers) of the USSR held until his death.
I.V. Stalin died on March 5, 1953 at the Near Dacha in the Kuntsevsky District of the Moscow Region (now part of Moscow). He was buried in Moscow on Red Square. From March 9, 1953 to October 31, 1961, the sarcophagus with the body of I.V. Stalin was next to the sarcophagus of V.I. Lenin in the Mausoleum. On the night of October 31 to November 1, 1961 to decision XXII Congress of the CPSU, the remains of I.V. Stalin are buried next to the Mausoleum.
Bust I.V. Stalin is installed in the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill in Moscow. The exposition of the Central Museum of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation has a stand dedicated to I.V. Stalin. In the year of the 60th anniversary of the Victory Soviet people over Nazi Germany monuments to I.V. Stalin were installed in the cities of Mirny (Yakutia), Digora ( North Ossetia). Name I.V. Stalin in 1933-1956 wore Military Academy armored and mechanized troops of the Red Army.
Museums dedicated to the life and work of I.V. Stalin, were previously opened and are currently operating in Narym ( Tomsk region), Solvychegodsk ( Arhangelsk region), Rzhev (Tver region), Gori (Georgia).
I.V. Stalin was a member of the Politburo of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks (1919-1952), the Presidium of the Central Committee of the CPSU in (1952-1953), a member of the Executive Committee of the Comintern (1925-1943), a member of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee (since 1917), the Central Executive Committee of the USSR (since 1922), a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR of the 1st-3rd convocations.
Awarded 3 Orders of Lenin (12/20/1939; 06/26/1945; 12/20/1949), 2 Orders of Victory (07/29/1944; 06/26/1945), 3 Orders of the Red Banner (11/27/1919; 12/13/1930; 06/04/1944) , the Order of Suvorov, 1st degree (11/06/1943), medals "XX years of the Red Army" (1938), "For the defense of Moscow" (06/20/1944, "For the victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic war 1941-1945" (1945), "For the victory over Japan" (1945), "In memory of the 800th anniversary of Moscow" (1947), Order of the Red Star of the 1st degree of the Bukhara People's Socialist Republic(08/18/1922). Awarded foreign awards: Order of the Tuva Arat Republic (1943); the title of Hero of the Mongolian People's Republic with the award of the Order of Sukhe Bator and the Gold Star medal (12/17/1949), the Order of Sukhe Bator (1945), the MPR medal "For the Victory over Japan" (1945), the medal "25 Years of the Mongolian people's revolution"(1946); Czechoslovak orders of the White Lion I degree(1945), White Lion "For Victory" I degree (1945), 2 Military Crosses of 1939 (1943; 1945).
Compositions:
Works, vol. 1-13, M., 1949-51 ;
Questions of Leninism, 11th ed., M., 1952;
On the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, 5th ed., M., 1950. - (M.: "Kraft +", 2002.);
Marxism and questions of linguistics, M., 1950;
Economic problems of socialism in the USSR, M., 1952.The original version of the biography was compiled by N.V. Ufarkin
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