Many people are sure that all addictions come down only to well-known and “promoted” alcohol and nicotine addictions. While in their practice, a psychiatrist and psychologist have to deal with a huge number of addictions, the existence of which most people do not even suspect. Some of them cause much more serious harm than the same smoking or alcohol.
Efimov V.A. From struggle to sanity. Allen Carr Center easy way quit smoking"
It is quite simple to understand that you are a real shopaholic, since neither the lack of money in the wallet, nor the presence of debts, which sometimes reach huge amounts, does not stop him. He is unable to correlate his income with his spending, and, in fact, is a pathological spender. Such a person is obsessed with buying new things, which he may not even need. Scientifically, this mania is called oniomania. For him, shopping for the purpose of buying is both relaxation, and the meaning of life, and entertainment. He simply needs to buy new things, which he subsequently discusses with his friends, he constantly looks through new magazines in order to study fashion and find future purchases. If a shopaholic does not make the desired purchase for some period of time, he becomes indifferent to almost everything in the world. This state is called apathy.
Fedor Uglov - A letter to a smoking girl. Understanding Factor
Everyone knows that TV is an uninterrupted stream of entertainment, a kind of Pandora's box, which is full of pleasures for absolutely every taste. However, for a person who has already become addicted to TV, it does not matter what to watch, because for him television becomes the background of his real life.
If you pull him away from the TV, so to speak, “disconnect” him from the broadcast, he will instantly turn into an irritable, quick-tempered person, and after a certain period of time he will become depressed. Television offers people a unique opportunity to watch other people, find out how they live, while a person feels completely safe.
And for a person obsessed with TV, this is the most important thing. Such dependence is especially dangerous for children, since their nervous system is not yet fully formed, so they do not know what is bad and what is good. In addition, they absorb everything they see like a sponge.
Channeling. Latuya. The way to connect with true meaning
A term like " gambling addiction” is known to many, some even saw real gamers. Periodically, they write about them in the media. For example, a couple of years ago in Thailand, a teenager died in a gaming club from overexertion, because for two weeks he did not leave the computer, constantly playing. He did not eat, did not drink all this time, and his nervous system simply could not withstand such a load.
In essence, computer games replace people's real life with a virtual one in which they can be whoever they want to be and do what in real life is considered immoral or what they are simply not physically capable of. The latest innovations in the gaming world are so realistic that the gamer gets hooked on them more than on a drug. He stops eating and spends huge amounts on game clubs and online games, where he is ready for anything to upgrade his character.
There is an opinion that gossip immediately kills three people - directly the narrator, the listener and the object of the story itself. But meanwhile, the very habit of gossip is so woven into everyday life that it is simply impossible to separate it from a person. After all, gossip is the most popular method of communication in absolutely any team (office, school, university).
Through gossip, you can establish the closest and most intimate relationship with another person. Some people intentionally resort to gossip in order to gain some influence, although everyone knows that it is not good to gossip. But very few can resist and not tell new information to someone "in the ear."
Roman Milovanov - ISC Seminar 17
Although this food is fatty and unhealthy, it is affordable, quick to prepare and inexpensive. The experiments of a famous American scientist named John Hebel from the University of Pristan proved that the passion for such restaurants leads to the formation of a serious addiction. It should be noted that his conclusions were subsequently confirmed by other American scientists.
While eating fast food, a person actively produces the hormone dopamine, which is responsible for getting pleasure. In addition, dopamine in this case is produced according to the same principle as it is produced by drug addicts. Therefore, overcoming such dependence turns out to be a very difficult task. The fast food lover not only gains excess weight, but also earns a huge number of endocrinological diseases, which ultimately turns mental illness into the physical.
Pornography
With the development of multimedia technologies and the Internet, pornography has ceased to be difficult to access. Now being on a pornographic site is much easier than finding an essay. Advertising specialists say that nothing sells as good as sex. And this is practically true. For some people, watching such films at a certain stage ceases to be just innocent entertainment.
It turns into a complete replacement for sex life. This addiction in psychiatric practice is called pornophilia. It is recognized that over time, pornophilia leads to serious disorders, including psychological impotence, when a person without background viewing of pornography simply cannot have sex with a real girl.
There are people, especially hypochondriacs, who cannot imagine their life without taking medication. In addition, such people absolutely do not care which medications they take. They move from one course of treatment to another, and then to a third, and so on. They are constantly concerned about their health and are sure that if they do not take medicine, they will get sick.
Any of their sensations pass into the status of abnormal and unpleasant. They are sure that, in addition to the main disease, they have many others. However, in an attempt to cure a non-existent disease, they provoke the development of a real disease in themselves. For example, with prolonged and unreasonable use of antibiotics, they bring themselves to dysbacteriosis. And taking untested drugs, especially in large doses, cause poisoning, provoke the development of such actions.
Chuck Norris' message to Russian youth
gambling addiction
The dependence on computer games was mentioned above, but in psychiatric practice, as a rule, it is not considered separately, it is a type gambling addiction, which is called gambling addiction or pathological gambling. This is a mental illness in which a person feels an irresistible craving for gambling (these are casino games, playing slot machines, betting on sweepstakes, etc.). With such an addiction, he constantly participates in the type of gambling that interests him.
Such interest is by no means short-lived and rare. This goes on for many weeks and months, and over time the frequency of participation increases. He gets into debt, not really worrying that he will not be able to repay them, because he is sure that in time luck will smile at him. Even quarrels in the family and superiors, dismissal, life on the street and so on are not able to stop him.
Often such people are energetic, emotional, some of them are even talented. Some of them used to go in for sports, but for some reason had to leave it. First they start playing for the sake of quick receipt earnings, but over time it fades into the background. The priority for them is getting pleasure, rest, for them it is a kind of escape from problems.
Food addiction is anorexia, which is usually called with the prefix neuropsychiatric, and bulimia. Anorexia This is stubborn fasting in order to lose weight. Psychiatrists make such a diagnosis when a person (the vast majority of them are girls) weighs 15 percent less than the prescribed norm.
In an attempt to reduce weight, they begin to exercise intensely, strive to always be on their feet, thus increasing energy consumption, stop eating (although at the beginning they only limit themselves in some products), not paying attention to constant feeling hunger. Over time, they develop oligo- and amenorrhea (that is, scanty periods, which then stop altogether), they stop exercising because they do not have enough strength, as a result, they lie more often than they stand.
This is accompanied by lesions of the skin and internal organs. Outwardly, such patients are emaciated, pale. bulimia it often accompanies anorexia, although it is an independent disease. In the people, this disease is called wolf appetite, as people with bulimia are ready to eat everything that comes to hand. Although many of them watch their weight, exercise, visit doctors, etc. However, on average, they have bouts of binge eating twice a week. They swallow food in pieces, without even chewing it and without feeling its taste.
After an attack, as a rule, people with bulimia provoke themselves to vomit, or take a large number of laxatives with diuretics. There are people who have such attacks, there are several times a day.
The last decade has added so many new diseases to the treasury of diseases that did not even exist before. Internet addiction is one of them. This is a broad term that encompasses a wide range of behavioral disorders associated with attraction. These include:
- This cyber sex addiction, in which a person experiences an irresistible desire to visit a porn site and engage in cybersex;
- This addiction to make new virtual acquaintances;
- This obsessive need for the internet- this is a game in an online casino, this is constant purchases, this is participation in various auctions, and so on;
- This information overload, in which a person endlessly surfs the Internet, looking for information, etc.;
- This computer addiction in which a person constantly plays online games.
It should be noted that such common manias as kleptomania (when a person strives to steal everything that, in his opinion, lies badly and is freely available), were not mentioned, coprolalia (when a person speaks a lot and often foul language), pyromania (passion for arson ), codependency (when a person constantly needs another person or a certain object), workaholism, fanaticism, film addiction and collecting.
Addiction Treatment Methods
To begin with, it should be noted that all addictions (they are also manias) are a mental problem, that is, the problem lies in the patient's psyche. In addition, many manias are characterized by a staging of the development of the disease, in which the occupation of something is episodic at first, turning into a permanent one; and at the initial stage there is a mental dependence, when a person gets pleasure and enjoyment from doing something, in the future, a physical dependence is formed, in which the cancellation causes a “withdrawal”, which is so characteristic of drug addicts.
Cartoon - Habit Sisters
For example, in alcoholics this is called "delirium tremens" (scientifically delirium), in the attack of which they become aggressive and see hallucinations. This occurs because the body is used to working according to a certain scheme, producing specific substances under the influence of mania. When canceled, the body begins to “panic”, as it has lost the habit of working differently.
In addition, many manias over time out mental problem turn into a full-fledged physical illness, when mental problems, so to speak, fade into the background for a while and all methods of treatment are aimed at restoring the main organs and systems of the body.
So, in any case, you need to contact a specialist who will select the right treatment. For treatment mental addiction, as a rule, they do not resort to prescribing drugs, although symptomatic treatment is possible, which implies taking drugs that relieve irritability, suspiciousness, sexual attraction etc.
Often these are conversations during which the doctor tries to determine the cause of the mania. During the conversation, he influences the patient, trying to convince him that there is no need to perform such actions.
For the treatment of some manias (for example, gambling, smoking, alcoholism), they resort to hypnosis and suggestion, during which the person is convinced that drinking alcohol and smoking a cigarette can lead to unpredictable results. For example, when suggesting, alcohol intake is often associated with the most bad moment life, and when a person is about to drink, he becomes so ill that he refuses.
Sometimes they resort to such suggestion that when inhaling alcohol vapors or drinking it, a person begins to vomit. In addition, alcohol dependence is sometimes treated teturam. Teturam causes vomiting in alcoholics immediately after taking alcohol, even after a small dose. Arises conditioned reflex, as a result of which, over time, even the smell of alcohol makes alcoholics feel bad.
In the treatment of physical addiction resort to taking medicines, the main purpose of which is to relieve symptoms. For example, in the treatment of heroin addiction, drug addicts are transferred to methadone. Methodon relieves a withdrawal attack, but does not cause euphoria in drug addicts, as a result of which the addict simply becomes not interested in taking the drug. Over time, the dose of methadone decreases.
Luciano Rosso ft. Juana Maggi / Playback 35 / Cover Girl
A lot has been written about the causes of addiction, I suggest non-standard look to this problem.
All addictions (alcoholism, drug addiction, smoking, etc.) have general arrangements directly related to a particular type of personality.
Whether a person has a tendency to addiction or not can be determined immediately after the birth of a child by studying his horoscope.
However, addiction is not addiction. The upbringing of the child and the environment in which the adult lives determine whether this tendency will manifest itself or not. Ignoring the needs of the child, depriving him of his independence, excessive guardianship, criticism that reduces his self-esteem leads to dependence.
Close people who are forced to take part in the fate of a drug addict (alcoholic, gamer, etc.) perceive the situation as a tragedy, because they do not have information. They don't know why it happened and how to solve the problem.
Helplessness and misunderstanding in this matter concern not only “ ordinary people', but also 'graded' professionals. And it’s not that professionals don’t have theoretical justifications for addiction or developed methods of help. It is, there is no result. To remove the withdrawal syndrome, doctors can interrupt the process for a while. But to return a person to a full independent life is not.
And it's not their fault. We are all hostages of an inferior, narrow worldview that is now accepted in our society.
So let's look at the phenomenon of dependence "wider".
Addiction- 1) inability to do without something;
2) subordination to someone else's power in the absence of independence and freedom.
At drug addiction(alcohol, tobacco, food, etc.) distinguish between physical and mental dependence.
Cause of physical addiction
The reason for physical dependence is the ability of some plant or synthetic compounds to compete with the internal regulators of life processes in humans.
With frequent or constant intake, they replace the "native" connections. The body, maintaining homeostasis (constancy internal environment), will “close domestic production”. There is a dependence on external income.
Causes of mental addiction
What pushes a teenager to the “first test”, and then to the second, third?
Imitation, herd instinct or a desire to stand out, to assert oneself, curiosity, desire for pleasure or weakness of character?
Everyone has their own. The causes of mental dependence are in human nature itself. And we can only come closer to understanding them.
The opportunity to learn about the character of a person, the characteristics of his personality, the key moments of fate, the tasks of life according to astrological chart birth says that we come into this world not with a "blank slate", but with certain tasks and the potential to solve them.
It so happened that we do not know our future. But focus on life path still we can. For this we have at least, two tools: intuition (call of the spirit) and a sense of satisfaction.
We can navigate in the direction of movement by listening to our inner voice(adjustment of audibility - under personal responsibility).
Confirmation of the correctness of movement along the Path (if there is such a movement) is satisfaction. A person is satisfied with his life, activities and results, if they lead to the goal of life.
Our the main task- reveal your true nature, use your potential, fulfilling your life purpose.
The trouble is that we live in an artificial world dominated by the ideology of consumption, orientation towards social success, prestige, comfort, etc.
Someone finds his place in this life, someone adapts, but there are those whose purpose clearly does not coincide with the social values imposed on us.
What to do if the desire for mystery and adventure is in the nature of a person, and he is offered to wipe his pants in the office?
The strong in spirit go against stereotypes and find opportunities to express themselves in this world.
Others simply walk away from the imposed reality.
They are not attracted by alien stereotypes, the pursuit of prestige and the accumulation of all sorts of junk. They want “something like that…”. But it is not there, and surrogates come to replace it.
Movies and TV replace adventure, alcohol gives self-confidence and a sense of worth (“do you respect me?”), drugs open the door to mysterious world hallucinations.
We are all dependent, but someone finds salvation in the methods of satisfaction approved by society, and someone chooses condemned and destructive for themselves.
Someone resides my life, and someone - drawn on the screen. Or he fights other people's battles, trying to force an alcoholic to take the “true path”. This is also a way of avoiding responsibility for one's own development. It is easier to tell someone else what to do than to go about their own tasks.
“And why do you look at the speck in your brother’s eye, but do not notice the beam in yours?
How can you say to your brother: “Let me take the speck out of your eye,” but, behold, there is a log in your eye?
Hypocrite! first take the log out of your own eye, and then you will see as take the speck out of your brother's eye" "Gospel of Matthew" 7:3-5.
Avoidance of responsibility is the main cause of addictions.
When a person is free, he has the right and the need to choose. And the choice is always made in a situation of uncertainty and there is no one to blame if the consequences are undesirable.
After the fall, Adam immediately found someone to blame: “ wife, which You
gave me she is gave me of the tree and I ate." And the wife is good: snake deceived me and I ate.” ("GENESIS" 3:12-13)
The one who is dependent and submits to someone else's power feels comfortable - he has shifted his responsibility to another (person, society, drug). He doesn't want freedom!
On the other hand, there is excitement in situations of choice. The propensity for excitement and at the same time the desire to escape responsibility for one's choice leads to gambling addiction.
But whether we like it or not, whether we realize it or not, the responsibility for our life, our development lies with us. Each of us is responsible for the direction in which he moves: "up" or "down".
And if a person has strayed from his Path, who can know his Path?
So let's solve your problems and our loved ones let's give an opportunity decide yours.
The text of the song and the very tragic fate of a talented bard and a person who suffered from drug addiction, Vladimir Vysotsky, can serve as an illustration for the article.
Give the dogs meat, they might fight.
Give hungover kvass - maybe they get drunk.
In order not to get fat to the crows - put more scarecrows.
And to love - give a secluded corner to those in love.Throw seeds into the ground - shoots may appear.
Okay, I'll be submissive, give me freedom!They gave meat lumps to the dogs, but the dogs did not fight.
They gave the drunkards vodka, but they refused.
People scare crows, but crows are not afraid.
Pairs connect, and they would be separated.
They poured water on the ground - there are no ears of miracle.
I was given freedom yesterday - WHAT WILL I DO WITH IT?!
Incredible Facts
Addicts cannot control what they do, take or use.
Everyone knows such types of addiction as drugs and alcohol, which can significantly worsen the quality of life and lead to sad consequences.
However, today, the list of types of addiction has expanded significantly, and anything from chocolate to computer games can be physically and psychologically addictive.
1. Workaholism
Workaholics often earn respect in today's world, where every minute means you can earn more. But excessive devotion to work drains all the energy out of a work-obsessed person. The line between hard work and workaholism is beginning to blur. Workaholics, like other addicts, only come back to reality when something serious happens to their health or relationships.
In Japan, there is a term "karoshi" or "death by workaholism". This phenomenon caused quite a stir in the 1980s, when several Japanese officials passed away without any medical history. Overwork from long hours without a break led to death in the workplace.
2. Love addiction
After breaking up with your spouse, loved one, and love of your life, you may try to stay friends with your former partners, gradually reducing contacts and gradually getting rid of the last relic of your relationship. However, one thing remains inevitable: you will have to move on. However, for some people, breaking up a relationship is especially hard. While it's natural to mourn the loss of a relationship, some people can go too far.
Psychologists have found that infatuation causes the production of phenylethylamine, a neurological chemical, which gives a feeling of euphoria when you fall in love. People who experience passionate love experience the same symptoms, such as insomnia and loss of sense of time, as those who abuse cocaine. Some people experience a real withdrawal syndrome, they urgently need a charge of love, on which they begin to depend.
3. TV Addiction
It is known that an average person spends about 3-4 hours a day sitting in front of the TV, which is half of the total time of rest. This means that by the age of 65, a person will spend about 9 years glued to the TV. Some TV lovers can spend up to 8 hours a day watching TV. People who are addicted to TV have: clinical symptoms like helplessness about stopping watching TV, using TV to calm your nerves, and irritability when you have to stop watching TV.
During laboratory experiments scientists studied people's reactions to television by monitoring brain waves with an electroencephalogram. The participants who watched TV were in a relaxed and passive state, and the EEG showed less mental stimulation. It turned out that even after stopping watching TV, people remained relaxed and inactive, since watching TV caused numbing effect similar to taking tranquilizers. A person actually disconnects from real life, immersing himself in what is shown on the screen, which in turn leads to obsessive TV viewing.
4. Dependence on exercise
We all know that physical activity is good for health. When we exercise our body produces endorphins - hormones Have a good mood. For some people, a strong sense of pleasure from exercise can turn into an addiction.
Exercise addicts have a variety of motives for their behavior, including a desire to control their weight and figure, or feeling inexplicable fear when they stop exercising. Such people often have a very busy schedule for physical activity. They will exercise even when they are sick or injured, which can lead to further big problems. They may skip work, school, and other obligations just to exercise.
Most often dependence on exercise associated with eating disorders such as bulimia or anorexia.
5. Shopaholism
Shopaholism, or scientifically oniomania, is one of the socially reinforced behavioral types of addiction. We are surrounded by ads that tell us we need to buy new things to be happier, and consumerism has become a measure of our social worth.
Despite the fact that shopaholism has spread in last years, it is not really a new violation, since it considered a psychiatric disorder back in the early 20th century.
Shopaholism or an obsessive desire to buy often coexists with other disorders such as anxiety disorder, substance abuse, eating disorder, impulse control disorder and others.
With this addiction, symptoms such as excessive spending of money, compulsive shopping, inability to stop shopping, lying about spending money, conflicts with loved ones about purchases are observed.
6. Tanorexia (Sunburn Addiction)
Doctors are concerned about the enthusiasm of many people for solarium. Scientists have found that tanning enthusiasts exhibit behavior similar to that of alcoholics and drug addicts. The study found that when sunburners were exposed to ultraviolet rays, they experienced increased blood flow in certain areas of the brain responsible for addiction to drugs and alcohol. When the researchers stopped exposure to ultraviolet rays without telling the participants, these areas of the brain became less active.
Dependence on tanning, mainly in the solarium, women are more likely to suffer. A 2006 study found that tanning stimulates the release of endorphins, and stopping a tanning regimen can cause withdrawal symptoms, as with other types of addiction.
7. Sex addiction
The thirst for sexual satisfaction is as old as the world. But in the modern world, this desire often turns into obsessive behavior, with access to the Internet adding to the problems.
Sex addiction is often described as a sexual disorder characterized by compulsive acts and thoughts of a sexual nature. As with other types of addiction, it can have a negative effect on a relationship. For some, the addiction doesn't grow any further. compulsive masturbation or excessive use of pornography and phone sex services. For others, this may include illegal activities such as exhibitionism, obscene phone calls, child molestation, and rape. However, people who are sexually addicted will not necessarily be rapists.
Increasing sexual provocation in society has led to an increase in the number of people who engage in unusual or illegal sexual practices such as phone sex, computer pornography, virtual sex, escort services, etc.
8. Internet Addiction
If you are online for many hours without a break and surf aimlessly through the sites, not wanting to turn off your computer, then you may be fine. But if this is repeated day after day, and turning off the computer makes you irritated, then you may be suffering from Internet addiction.
Today, psychiatrists from all over the world are beginning to recognize such forms of Internet addiction as online pornography, computer game addiction, social networking addiction, addiction to virtual dating, etc. Internet addiction has become real in some countries social problem. For example, according to a 2007 survey, South Korea, 30 percent of people under the age of 18 suffered from Internet addiction.
A person suffering from Internet addiction can spend hours wandering around Internet sites, while not searching for information, but simply absorbing everything that comes across to him on the Internet.
9. Addiction to plastic surgery
Negative body image makes a lot of people go under the knife. A small increase, correction, tightening and similar operations are done for the sake of one thing - to become even closer to the ideal.
In 2006 year British Association of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons warned doctors about patients suffering from body dysmorphic disorder or "imaginary deformity syndrome". For such people, aesthetic surgery is an endless procedure and they will never be satisfied with the results.
Man with dysmorphophobia may have an obsessive idea that he has some kind of physical defect and spend a lot of time hiding this defect with cosmetics, clothing and operations. Often such people have unrealistic expectations of plastic surgery, thinking that it will lead to the desired relationship or high-paying job. Even if they are satisfied with one procedure, they may find another defect in themselves that needs to be corrected.
10. Drug Addiction
Many people take medications for medical reasons because the doctor prescribes them. But about 20 percent of people may use drugs for non-medical purposes. It's called abuse medicines and is a serious problem. Most commonly, people begin to abuse drugs such as narcotic painkillers, sedatives, and tranquilizers and stimulants.
Experts do not know why the number of people suffering from drug addiction is on the rise. But possible cause is the availability of medicines. Also, doctors today prescribe more drugs than ever before, and there are many more drugs available in pharmacies without a prescription.
MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE
"Perm State National research university»
Faculty of Philosophy and Sociology
Department of General and clinical psychology
THE PROBLEM OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE AMONG TEENAGERS
Completed by a student of the CPE of the professional retraining program "Clinical Psychology" Tsipris S.O.
Scientific Supervisor Assistant of the Department of General and Clinical Psychology Kryazhevskikh Olga Valerievna
1. Introduction
pp. 28 – 33
4.Conclusion
5. References
6.Applications
1. Introduction
At the end of the twentieth century, the Internet entered mass consumption. It has become an informational, gaming and communication space for many. The Internet has entered the life of every modern person. The development of modern children and adolescents takes place in close connection with new technologies. Under the influence of the Internet is the development and formation of personality modern teenager. Modern researchers they start talking about a homo-medium.
According to the Public Opinion Foundation, there are people aged 11 to 24 on the Internet. Many of them spend most of their personal time on the Internet. Researcher Voiskunsky A.E. introduces the term "Internet-addicted behavior".
In adolescence, a person is in a state of deep crisis. It is experienced by at least 80% of adolescents, from 11 to 15 years old. These teenagers are subject to various negative impacts. And this can lead them to an excessive interest in the Internet, which leads to problems with learning, communication with the world, in which relatives and peers play a big role.
This work is devoted to the problem of Internet addiction. Some researchers believe that Internet addiction exists and every year more and more teenagers are exposed to it. They experience many problems in connection with this, primarily related to communication with the world. Most of the researchers around the world agree with this point of view.
Other researchers believe that there is no Internet addiction. Talking about Internet addiction is the same as talking about communication addiction. Less than one-third of researchers agree with this.
In this paper, adolescents aged 13-14 years old are examined for the possibility of developing or having Internet addiction. Representatives of three groups are identified: independent, prone to addiction and dependent. The personality structure characteristic of each of these groups is considered according to the Cattell method.
According to various studies on Internet addiction in adolescents in grades 7-8, Internet-dependent behavior varies from 37% to 0.9%, depending on the country where the studies were conducted.
The purpose of this work is to consider a group of adolescents aged 13-14 years, to identify their presence or absence of Internet addiction. Consider in percentage terms the propensity to one of the three levels of dependence, i.e. from no dependency to established dependency.
In the case of identifying Internet-addicted adolescents, consider their personality structure. Compare with the personality structure of adolescents from other groups.
Compare the findings with existing studies.
2. Analysis of studies on the problem of Internet addiction
2.1 Research approaches to the problem of adolescent Internet addiction
Not all psychologists agree that there is Internet addiction in literally this word. John Suler suggests calling this phenomenon internet addiction. He also says that before the advent of the Internet, humanity was faced with computer addiction. There is such a phenomenon as dependence on SMS or on communication and games on the phone. Suler believes that all this will be combined into a single technology, which is already active and happening, and "computer, phone and video can successfully combine into one, very addictive being." interesting term The one Suler uses is an "addictive creature". He also talks about "cyberaddiction" - dependence on virtual environment created thanks to computer technology. John Suler believes that "Internet addiction or pathological manifestations in cyberspace are possible when real life is isolated from the virtual."
American psychologist Grohol J. believes that society goes through three stages in the development of information technology: charm, disappointment, balance. At the first stage, society experiences a cycle - this is perceived by others as a psychological dependence. And he goes on to say that there is no reason to consider Internet addiction a "total problem". Foreign researchers Griffiths M., Moreihan-Martin J., Stern S., etc. agree with him.
Mark Griffiths writes that researchers are divided into three groups. Some say that there is a pathology of Internet addiction, others say that there is a pathology of addiction to online games, and others seek to combine these two approaches into a single one. Online gaming addiction is included in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as "Internet Gaming Disorder". . In his writings, Griffiths writes that "online gaming disorder and Internet addictive behavior are not the same." Griffiths writes that prior to the publication of the latest (fifth) edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) by the American Psychiatric Association, there was debate about whether "internet addiction" should be included in the text of the manual as a separate disorder." And Section 3 of the DSM-5 included the notion game internet- addiction or gambling - internet disorder.
Kimberly S. Young, a professor at the University of Pittsburgh, works a lot on the topic of Internet addiction. She considers this a serious problem, believes that many people devote a lot of time to the Internet. They refuse to communicate with friends and relatives, stop doing their daily duties at work or at home. She highlights the following problems: People neglect their daily duties. Reduced time spent with real people. Financial problems may arise. There are problems with the work where they use work time for personal purposes. May be harmful to health. There was such a problem as cybersexual attraction. This can affect interpersonal relationships.
Russian psychologist Voiskunsky A.E. writes about Internet addiction as an Internet addiction. He highlights such problems: Unwillingness or inability to be distracted from the Internet. Annoyance and irritation with forced distractions. Inability to plan the time of entry and exit of the Internet. Spending more and more money to work on the Internet. Willingness to lie, downplaying the length of time spent on the Internet. Forgetting about household chores, studying, important meetings, loss of social circle, neglect of one's health, etc.
Vaiskurin identifies varieties of Internet addiction: computer addiction, information overload or "electronic vagrancy", compulsive use of the Internet, i.e. pathological addiction to games, auctions, shopping, addiction to cyber relationships, addiction to cyber sex.
The study of the Internet is not only the study of the negative impact on the life of mankind, but the study of the impact on the life of man and mankind in general. The Internet is being studied all over the world today. Exist whole line internet research. In Russia, the study of human activity on the Internet is carried out by adherents of the cultural-historical school of L. Vygotsky. The main problem that can be identified is the problem related to how the human psyche develops in the process of interaction with the Internet environment. Voykunsky writes that this direction is connected with the study of the features of personality formation in conjunction with the virtual environment.
Modern researchers talk about changes and transformations of culture in general, under the influence of the Internet environment.
Now, let's look at approaches regarding the Internet, virtual space and other things in relation to teenagers. Malygin V.L., Iskandirova A.B., Smirnova E.A., Khomeriki N.S., Elshansky S.P. - representatives of Russian medical psychology, wrote about Internet addiction as an addiction, especially when it comes to adolescents. But they mentioned that addictive behavior is not yet diviant behavior, but a pre-morbid stage. If we consider Internet addiction as an addictive behavior, then we still cannot talk about the disease, but we are talking about the prenosological stage. They attribute Internet addiction to non-chemical addictions, referring to the works of Korolenko Ts.P. He singled out a number of non-chemical addictions that can be supplemented: dependence on a computer and the Internet. The fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders included "Internet gambling addiction", and in 2017 there is a possibility that such a concept will be included in the ICD-11.
How is internet addiction defined? Griffiths defines it as "non-chemical addiction to the use of the Internet." It is characterized by an obsessive desire to get online when you are offline, and an inability to get off when you are already online.
Teenagers are the most vulnerable group for Internet addiction. This is due to personal immaturity and instability. The same group of psychologists identifies risk factors in the formation of Internet addiction and individually - psychological properties teenagers with internet addiction. According to the researchers, they are characterized by: anxiety, distractibility, lack of concentration, difficulty in self-control, a tendency to affective response and increased personal frustration. Adolescents with Internet addiction are also characterized by reduced emotional intelligence as a system of skills to identify and understand emotions. Further, excitability, reduced self-control, a high level of anxiety, a tendency to introversion, as well as insufficient development of social intelligence are revealed.
Over-enthusiasm for the Internet, characteristic of adolescents, leads to violations of social adaptation, conflicts in the family, with peers, and to general infantilization. Scientists also identify attractive aspects in the activities of adolescents on the Internet: the ability to have their own intimate world that adults do not have access to, the ability to avoid responsibility for what is happening, the ability to feel the realism of processes and completely abstract from the world around them, the ability to correct any mistake through instant attempts, the ability to independently make any decisions, reduce the risks of communication.
The study conducted by Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. showed that adolescents with addictive behavior are highly impulsive, highly active in response to weak provocative impulses, are restless, have difficulty concentrating attention, have a low level of self-control over their emotions, are prone to affective responses, social competence among Internet addicted adolescents is lower
Korean researchers were among the first to tackle the problem of teenage Internet addiction. They found an association between internet addiction and depression and suicidal tendencies. In addition, researchers have linked Internet addiction with a tendency to commit dangerous actions for themselves.
By studying and identifying Internet addiction, researchers have developed various questionnaires and tests.
The study of Internet addiction began at the end of the last century and continues to this day, becoming more and more topical issue. K. Young, a clinical psychologist, raised the topic of Internet addiction in 1995. The researcher created a web-based questionnaire and identified five types of Internet addiction: computer addiction as, obsessive need for the Internet, addiction to virtual dating, information overload and cybersex addiction. She developed one of the first psychological tests for identifying Internet addiction.
One of the most recent researchers who studies Internet addiction is M. Griffiths, an expert from the UK. He believes that Internet gambling addiction develops like any other addiction. He comes to the conclusion that addiction to online games is a specific form of gambling addiction.
Griffiths singles out the components of video game addiction by modifying the criteria for video game addiction. psychoactive substances Ian Brown. With regard to video games, he highlights:
Significance." Video games are becoming the most important part of a person's life."
Mood change. "Subjective experiences resulting from overindulgence in video games."
Tolerance." To achieve the desired effect, it becomes necessary for a person to play video games for an increasing amount of time.
withdrawal syndrome. "Unpleasant feelings or physical sensations that occur when a person suddenly stops playing or starts playing less frequently (eg, tremors, mood swings, irritability)."
Conflicts. "Conflicts between the player and his environment ( interpersonal conflicts), as well as conflicts with other activities (eg, work, school, social life, hobbies and interests) and conflicts with oneself (ie, intrapsychic conflicts and/or subjective feelings of loss of control)."
"Relapse is a return to the usual gaming activity after a long break."
Scientists G. Kim and J. Kim described a multidimensional model of the problematic use of online games. This model identified 5 characteristics of addiction: euphoria, health problems, conflict, inability to control oneself, and preference for virtual relationships.
Griffith conducts research on a teenage group of more than 2,000 people. Internet gambling is more common in men, Internet addiction is positively associated with online communication, online games and use of social networks. Russian scientists believe that men are more prone to Internet addiction than women. This is also proven by various studies.
Suler John tried to summarize the manifestations of Internet addiction and compiled a test questionnaire:
1. Is your behavior causing you to avoid important tasks?
2. Is your behavior causing you to end your relationship with significant people?
3. Does your behavior irritate or upset people close to you?
4. Are you defensive (or irritated) when criticized for your behavior?
5. Do you feel guilty or anxious about what you are doing?
6. Do you try to keep your behavior a secret, hide from others?
7. Are you making unsuccessful attempts to stop behaving? In a similar way?
8. To be honest with yourself, is there any hidden reason for your behavior?
Grohol D. notes that the quantitative approach, where important role the number of hours online is not enough to recognize an Internet addiction.
Researchers Malygina V.L., Iskandirova A.B., Smirnova E.A., Khomeriki N.S., Elshansky S.P. conduct research on the topic of identifying some features of the personal properties of Internet addicts. They studied 25 people who scored 50 or more points on the propensity to Internet addiction and made a psychological portrait of a teenager prone to developing Internet addiction. Emotional detachment, instability emotional manifestations, decreased ability to manage emotions and moods, find an adequate explanation for them, dependence on the group, timidity in interpersonal communication, low stress resistance, increased degree of concern, a tendency to feel guilty. These researchers have conducted significant research to date. They used Chen's Internet Addiction School. The scale of Chinese specialists, developed by them in 2003. This test includes 5 rating scales:
1. Scale of compulsive symptoms
2. Scale of withdrawal symptoms
3. Scale of tolerance
4. Scale of intrapersonal and health-related problems
5. Time management scale
The test also has criteria for the negative consequences of using the Internet, and allows you to determine the level of Internet-dependent behavior.
Initially, the work used the method of comparing the opinions of parents and children about the level of their dependence on the Internet. We used the methodology of the developer Kulakov S.D.: Is your child addicted? This technique is good for eliciting parents' opinions on the issues of evaluating their children's addictions. But she relies only on the subjective opinion of parents, who can either underestimate or overestimate the problem.
K. Yang's methodology is entirely based on a teenager's subjective assessment of his Internet addiction, or independence. Since a teenager cannot really reflect on his behavior, this test-questionnaire has subjective assessment adolescent level of his Internet addiction.
Studying certain methods, the Chen Internet Addiction Scale seemed to be the most appropriate.
It makes it possible to divide adolescents into three groups and consider each group separately. For each group, the personality questionnaire of Cattell D. was used and the average indicators of their personality were calculated for 14 factors.
In this study, a group of adolescents from 13 to 14 years old is distinguished in the amount of 41 people. According to the results of the Chen scale, they are divided into three groups of dependent behavior. Further, these three groups are compared according to the 14-factor Cattell personality questionnaire.
In the studies of Granovskaya, standards for the adolescent version of the Cattell test are given.
All three groups of dependents are compared with age standards and each of the groups is considered for compliance with these standards.
So you can trace the deviations of groups with different Internet addiction from age standards identified by other researchers.
The purpose of the study: to analyze a group of teenagers from 13 to 14 years old on the possibility of forming and consolidating their Internet addiction. Analyze them personality traits. And compare them depending on the degree of involvement in the Internet, identified during the study.
Research objectives: based on the Cattell methodology for adolescents aged 12-16, based on the Chen Internet addiction scale, to analyze three groups of adolescents according to the degree of their involvement in the Internet.
Based on the methodology of Kulakova D.: Is your child addicted? and, based on the Chen Scale, to compare the degree of assessment of adolescents' Internet addiction and the opinion of their parents.
As a working hypothesis, it was suggested that depending on the involvement of adolescents in the Internet environment, their health problems increase, communication with peers and parents deteriorates, which is associated not only with the characteristics of adolescence, but also with emerging Internet addiction.
Also the hypothesis that parents believe that their teenagers are more involved in the Internet than teenagers themselves believe.
Bibliography:
1. Suler J. "Computer and Internet addiction" article http://banderus2.narod.ru/77314.html).
2. Griffiths M. Problematic online game: disagreements, debates and disputes // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. scientific magazine - 2015. - N 4 (33). – C. 5 [ Electronic resource]. – URL:http://mprj.ru
3. Yang K.S. Diagnosis - Internet addiction / K.S. Young // World of the Internet. - 2000. - No. 2. - S. 24-29.
4. Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. Individual psychological properties of adolescents as risk factors for the formation of Internet-addicted behavior // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. scientific magazine - 2015. - N 7 (30). – P. 7 [Electronic resource]. – URL:http://mprj.ru
5. Voiskunsky A.E. The phenomenon of Internet addiction // Humanitarian research on the Internet. - M., 2000, p. 100-131
6. Rybaltovich D.G., Zaitsev V.V. Internet addiction: a real pathology or the norm of the development of informational humanity? // Bulletin of psychotherapy. - 2011. - No. 40 (45). – pp. 23–34
7. Malygin V.L., Iskandirova A.B., Smirnova E.A., Khomeriki N.S., Elshansky S.P. Pathological gambling, Internet addiction: features of the clinic and nosological affiliation. [Electronic resource] // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. scientific magazine 2010. N 1. URL: http://medpsy.ru
2.2 Methods for researching Internet addiction
In my work, I am interested in teenagers from 11 to 15 years old. In this case, I am guided by the classification of Elkonin D. He singles out this age as the most important period in a person's life. At this age, in his opinion, a teenager is characterized by a desire for adulthood.
Further, Vygotsky's classification is interesting, in which he singles out periods of crises. And, in his opinion, the teenage crisis occurs at the age of 13 years. That is why adolescents during this period are especially interesting and became the object of this study.
The psychologist Piaget agrees with Vygotsky's classification. He singles out the crisis of 13 years as a period of formation of a new mechanism of thinking. During this period, a teenager develops logical thinking and becomes obsessed with his appearance.
Looping on one's appearance can be the reason for going into virtual reality, where one can design one's virtual appearance at one's own discretion. If a teenager leaves reality for a virtual world, then he has less time to take care of his real appearance, by improving the virtual image. So the virtual and real images may not correspond to each other. And a teenager can go more and more into the virtual world, where communication can be less dangerous than in the real world.
Deepening into the virtual world can harm real life. It can adversely affect the health of a teenager and external data: visual impairment, the acquisition of stoop. Being in virtual world, a teenager may form a misconception about their appearance. A group of Russian scientists, led by Malygin V.L., is studying this side of the formation of the image of oneself under the influence of the Internet. They write that "the tendency to excessive control of impulses is manifested in physical tightness, stiffness. Considering that the image of the body is a certain basis, and on the basis and in close connection with which the self-image, self-concept and, as a result, identity are formed, we can say and about the lack of integrity of the self-image, its rigidity and strong divergence from reality. Studying this phenomenon Malygin V.L. and his group publish a number of studies online and in psychological journals. To study this phenomenon, he and his group use the Chen scale and the drawing test.
In this work, the Chen Scale is used because it includes a scale that shows intrapersonal problems and health problems. This scale is actively used by Russian scientists. It is presented in the adaptation of Feklisov K.A. and Malygin V.L. Based on it, they studied Russian schoolchildren, and came to the conclusion that about 3.69% of all surveyed are subject to Internet addiction. These data of 2011 will be able to confirm or refute in this paper.
In Russia, the K. Young test, adapted by Burovaya, is often used to identify Internet addiction. But in the process of using this test, we can say that it is based on subjective opinion a person about himself, on his self-reflection. It is difficult for adolescents to conduct self-reflection, especially during the crisis of 13 years. And therefore, these methods of K. Yang seem subjective. But they provide an opportunity to analyze the teenager's opinion about his idea of involvement in the Internet environment. Therefore, this technique was used in the work.
Methodology Kulakov S.D. Is your child addicted? - seemed interesting for the study of parents' ideas about the degree of involvement of their child in the Internet environment. Their opinion may differ or, on the contrary, coincide with the opinion of a teenager about his involvement in the Internet environment. But it is also subjective, and is based only on the opinion of parents, who can exacerbate the situation or, on the contrary, underestimate, which depends on how much they themselves are involved in the Internet environment.
You should also take into account the fact that parents themselves may suffer from Internet addiction, and contribute to the child's enthusiasm for the Internet environment. This may be the subject of a separate study, in which the degree of involvement of parents in the Internet environment can be compared with the degree of involvement in the virtual space and their children and adolescents.
If you pay attention to the formation of a teenager's personality under the influence of the Internet environment, then you can use the Cattell R. personality questionnaire. The Cattell R. personality questionnaire was used for this purpose by Malygin V.L. and his group of scientists and also American scientists to identify features characteristic of Internet-addicted teenagers. Malygin and other researchers found that Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by lower scores on factor C, which "measures the ability to adequately discharge their impulses at a particular moment."
According to factor D, which is typical only for adolescents. Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by reduced indicators for this factor, which indicates their rigidity, an underestimated reaction to what is happening.
According to the H factor, which is associated with nervous system. It is assumed that this factor should be higher in Internet-addicted adolescents.
According to the Q3 factor, teenagers with a higher involvement in the Internet environment should have lower grades, which indicates lower self-control, difficulties with organizing time.
And the last factor Q4, with a higher Internet addiction, may be lower. Although it may be associated with the characteristics of the personality itself.
Malygin and other researchers compared two groups of adolescents, those who, according to surveys, have a high degree of involvement in the Internet environment, can be characterized as Internet dependent, and those who are not involved in the Internet environment, and can be characterized as Internet independent. Those. The researchers compared two groups of teenagers.
Our study attempts to compare three groups of teenagers. This is due to the fact that the Chen Scale, as well as the K. Yang test, have three normative test intervals: the 1st interval is characterized as the absence of Internet addiction, the 2nd Internet abuse.
Since the Chen Scale was used to identify Internet addiction, in this work it was possible to compare not two, but three groups of adolescents, according to the degree of involvement in the Internet environment, guided by the method of Cattell R.
And it was possible to compare these three groups according to the above factors: C, D, H, Q3, Q4, as well as other factors used in the Cattell R method.
This study using the Chen School of Testing will have to reveal the percentage of internet addicted teenagers. To identify the number of adolescents prone to Internet addiction and those with no Internet addiction. Compare them on five scales: compulsive symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance symptoms, intrapersonal and health problems, and time management problems. It is assumed that the indicators on these scales will increase according to the degree of involvement in the Internet environment.
Also, these three groups will be compared by Cattell's factors. And it is assumed that the indicators for the identified 4 factors will also vary in terms of the degree of involvement of adolescents in the Internet environment.
And the last thing that is supposed to be analyzed is the index of teenagers according to the method of K. Yang of involvement in the Internet environment with the indicators of parents according to the Kulakov method: Is your child dependent. It is assumed that parents will have an opinion about the higher involvement of adolescents in the Internet environment than that of adolescents themselves.
These studies are interesting in connection with the formation of a new Internet environment, and with the increasing enthusiasm for the Internet. According to some experts in Russia, the problem of Internet addiction and the removal of adolescents from the virtual environment is yet to be faced. This is very acute in China, where rehabilitation centers for Internet-addicted teenagers are beginning to open. Public opinion is divided into supporters and opponents of such centers.
Russia is yet to face this problem, so this study seems relevant to the author.
The method of data processing to the Chen scale was presented in a textbook for students of the Faculty of Clinical Psychology in the discipline of specialization "Psychological correction of addictive behavior" of the MSMSD.
To diagnose the personality of adolescents, a teenage version of the Cattell R. test was taken for adolescents from 12 to 18 years old, consisting of 142 questions, adapted by Alexandrovskaya E.M. and the key to this test. The materials are presented in the appendix.
To calculate data using the Kulakov method: Is your child dependent? a five-point scale is made: 1 - very rarely, 2 - sometimes, 3 - often, 4 - very often, 5 - always. The result varies between three levels: up to 50 points, from 50 points to 79, from 80 points and above. According to Kulakov, if more than 50 points are scored, then parents should think about the impact of the Internet environment on the life of a teenager, if a teenager scores more than 80 points, then you should contact a specialist.
Bibliography:
1. Malygin V.L., Iskandirova A.I., Feklisov K.A., Merkurieva Yu.A. Internet addictive behavior in adolescents. Risk factors for the formation, clinical manifestations, prevention. MGMSU, Moscow. [email protected] 1-5
2. Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. Individual psychological properties of adolescents as risk factors for the formation of Internet-addicted behavior // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. scientific magazine - 2015. - N 7 (30). – P. 7 [Electronic resource]. – URL:http://mprj.ru
3.Tutorial“Internet addictive behavior. Criteria and methods of diagnostics” compiled by the head. department, professor V.L. Malygin, clinical psychologist K.A. Feklisov, associate professor of the department A.S. Iskandirova, graduate students of the department A.A. Antonenko, E.A. Smirnova, N.S. Khomeriki.
2.3 Study of internet addiction among teenagers
The study of Internet addiction and the identification of Internet addictive behavior among adolescents is a challenge. Teenagers complex group. According to D. Elkonin, 80% of adolescents experience a teenage crisis in modern society. In traditional societies, adolescents do not experience teenage crisis. Such conclusions are reached by scientists studying adolescence in traditional societies that have survived in various parts of the globe.
According to various studies carried out in different countries the percentage of adolescents suffering from Internet addiction varies from 3.7% to 37.9%. most big number cited by Hong Kong researchers for 2004. In Russia, this figure is not the highest. But there is a possibility that it will increase, because. Modern generations use the Internet more actively.
In this study, adolescents aged 13-14 were tested. They were tested using the Chen Internet Addiction Scale, which consists of 5 scales: compulsive symptoms, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance symptoms, intrapersonal and health problems, and time management problems. It was also intended to install percentage between 3 groups of adolescents according to the degree of Internet addiction, from its absence to pathology.
The class of a secondary school consisting of 41 people was taken as the basis, all of them are students of the school, 7th grade
They were given a Chen test consisting of 26 questions. It was supposed to identify among them the percentage of schoolchildren with no Internet addiction, their score varies from 27 to 42, with a tendency to Internet addiction, from 43 to 64 points, and with pronounced addictive behavior, these are teenagers, gaining from 65 points and above.
Next, it was supposed to analyze all the resulting groups for percentages and for symptoms: compulsions, withdrawals, health problems, time management. Consider how these problems increase with the degree of involvement of adolescents in the Internet environment.
Com (compulsive symptoms)
Wit (withdrawal symptoms)
Tol (symptoms of tolerance)
IH (Intrapersonal and Health Problems)
TM (problems with time management)
IA-Sym (Key Symptoms of Internet Addiction) = Com + Wit + Tol
IA-RP (Internet Addiction Issues) =IH+TM
Total CIAS score = Com + Wit + Tol + IH + TM
The students were offered a test scale of Chen's Internet addiction in the amount of 26 questions. Next, the researcher calculated the results. All students answered positively to the first question of the test, so each of the teenagers was tested. The result of each is taken into account. All respondents answered the first question: Have you used the Internet in the last 6 months? Yes.
A sample of 41 people, secondary school, grade 7, age from 13 to 14 years. They were tested according to Chen's method. 26 questions were asked.
All one hundred percent of those surveyed said that they have been Internet users for the last 6 months.
Among the respondents, those who are not Internet addicts, those who are prone to Internet addiction, and those. who abuse the internet. The following ratio was obtained: 17 people scored from 27 to 42 points, which is 41.4% of the entire group. 22 people scored from 43 to 64 points, which is 53.7% of the tested. From 65 points and above, 2 people from the subjects scored, this is 4.9%.
Table No. 1 Data obtained from a survey of adolescents using the Chen method
1.Com(compulsive symptoms):
a) Minimum risk of Internet addiction: 7
b) Tendency to develop Internet addictive behavior: 12
2. Wit (withdrawal symptoms):
a) Minimum risk of Internet addiction: 5.7
b) Tendency to develop Internet addictive behavior: 9.9
c) Pronounced and persistent pattern of Internet addictive behavior: 11.5
3. Tol (symptoms of tolerance):
a) Minimum risk of Internet addiction: 4.3
b) Tendency to develop Internet addictive behavior: 7.2
c) Pronounced and persistent pattern of Internet addictive behavior: 10.5
4. IH (intrapersonal and health problems):
a) Minimum risk of Internet addiction: 8.7
b) Tendency to develop Internet addictive behavior: 11.3
c) Pronounced and persistent pattern of Internet addictive behavior: 17.2
5.TM(problems with time management):
a) Minimum risk of Internet addiction: 10.3
b) Tendency to develop Internet addictive behavior: 12.2
c) Pronounced and persistent pattern of Internet addictive behavior: 15.8
Table No. 2 Data from adolescents surveyed on the Chen Internet Addiction Scale
| scales | Group1 | Group2 | Group3 |
| COM | 11,5 | ||
| WIT | 5,7 | 9,9 | 11,5 |
| TOL | 4,3 | 7,2 | 10,5 |
| IH | 8,7 | 11,3 | 17,2 |
| TM | 10,3 | 12,2 | 15,8 |
| IA-SYM | 29,1 | 33,5 | |
| IA-RP | 23,5 | ||
| CIAS | 52,6 | 66,5 |
IA-SYM - KEY SYMPTOMS OF INTERNET DEPENDENCE.
IA-RP - PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED WITH INTERNET DEPENDENCE.
CIAS - TOTAL SCORE.
Further, these three groups did the Cattell R test. Teenagers answered 142 questions. Further, their average results were compared depending on the three groups identified on the Chen Internet addiction scale, according to the degree of involvement in the Internet environment.
Table No. 3 Results obtained by the method of Cattell R. 14 PF 142 questions
| factors | standard | 1st gr. | 2nd gr. | 3rd gr. |
| BUT | 12,7 | 7,7 | 17,1 | 16,5 |
| With | 12,1 | 9,3 | 13,1 | 9,1 |
| D | 13,5 | 11,6 | 7,3 | 8,1 |
| E | 13,8 | 11,5 | 11,1 | 14,1 |
| F | 13,9 | 8,5 | 14,5 | 12,5 |
| G | 14,2 | 8,1 | 14,5 | 12,5 |
| H | 8,5 | 16,1 | 17,5 | |
| I | 14,7 | 12,7 | 10,1 | |
| J | 12,7 | 10,8 | 8,3 | 9,5 |
| O | 15,0 | 13,5 | 8,5 | 10,5 |
| Q2 | 13,8 | 12,3 | 10,8 | 11,5 |
| Q3 | 14,4 | 14,5 | 16,1 | 10,5 |
| Q4 | 13,5 | 13,6 | 10,5 | 10,1 |
Interpretation of results:
Factor A /schizotemia-affectomia/.
Factor C /degree of emotional stability/.
“Low scores: sensitive, emotionally less stable. High marks: emotionally stable. mature type. Realistic attitude towards life.
Factor D /phlegmatic-excitability/. According to the researchers, this important factor. Lower scores are typical for adolescents prone to addiction. Lower scores for this factor indicate rigidity. Underreaction to what is happening.
Factor E /passivity-dominance/.
“Low marks: compliant, obsessive in behavior. Depends on others. High grades: in relation to others acts as a leader. But that doesn't correlate with true leadership and real ability."
Factor F /caution-frivolity/.
“Low grades: sober, cautious, silent, unhurried. Caution sometimes appears in combination with gloominess and pessimism. High marks: careless, impulsive, lively, cheerful, enthusiastic, active, talkative.
Factor G /degree of acceptance of moral norms/
“Low scores: instability in achieving the goal, the surface. Avoids rules, feels little responsibility. High grades: conscious, persistent, you can rely on them. Degree in behavior, demanding of themselves. Obligatory, persistent, guided by a sense of duty, responsible, full of plans. Not easy to communicate."
Factor H /timidity, shyness - courage, adventurism/
Researchers suggest that this factor should be higher for Internet addicts. This is due to the desire for something new, and with a penchant for adventurism, new emotions.
Factor I /realism - sensitivity/
“Low scores: practical, complacent. Contribute to the cohesion of the integration of the group, realistic, courageous, independent. High scores: high emotional sensitivity. Usually do not show altruism. There is a tendency to avoid responsibility in work and personal relationships. Characteristic unreasonable anxiety. The factor correlates with the anxiety scale.”
J factor /neurasthenia, Hamlet factor/
“Low scores: enterprising, prefer group activities. They love attention and are energetic. Accepting general norms and assessments. For them, the totality of people is important. High scores: individualistic, internally reserved, introspective. In general, they are not very effective, as they are very fastidious. They are very cold in their assessments.”
Factor O / self-confidence - a tendency to feel guilty /
“Low scores: serene, trusting, calm mood prevails, unperturbed. High marks: depressive, bad mood prevails. Characterized by gloomy forebodings, reflections, anxiety, anxiety in difficult situations, the subjective feeling that he is not accepted by the group. Ineffective speakers.
Factor Q2 /degree of group dependence/
“Low scores: addicts, followers, callers, joiners. They prefer to make decisions together with other people. They love the process of communication. High marks: independent, inclined to go their own way, make their own decisions, act independently. They do not take into account public opinion. They don't always dominate.
Factor Q3 / degree of self-control /
According to the researchers, this factor should be reduced in adolescents involved in the Internet environment, this is due to the inability to control their emotions and having difficulty organizing time.
Factor Q4 /degree internal stress/
This factor, according to the researchers, should be lower. Although it may be related to the personality itself. “Low grades: prone to satisfaction. Relaxation can lead to laziness, to low achievement. The motivation for activity is usually reduced. Easily adaptable. High scores: overactive, excitable, restless, impatient. When working in groups, they are not very pleasant.
Further, the parents of these three groups were interviewed according to the method of Kulakov A.S.: Is your child dependent? According to the methodology, they were asked 20 questions. And the results had to correspond to one of three indicators: 20-49 points for the average user of the network, 50-79 points for the average user who experiences some problems, 80 and above - the Internet is becoming a serious problem.
As a result, parents were divided into two groups: those who scored from 20 to 49 points, i.e., those who consider their child an average user, and those who scored from 80 to 100 points, i.e. those who believe that their child has significant problems with the Internet.
Table No. 4 Data of parents interviewed according to the method of Kulakov S.D.
If the indicators of parents are compared with what teenagers think about their involvement in the Internet environment, then the following numbers are obtained:
Table No. 5 Comparison of data from parents and adolescents on the degree of Internet addiction
Most parents believe that their children do not have Internet addiction. Others believe that their children have already formed an Internet addiction. But the latter are much less. Parental and teenage scores diverge.
Bibliography:
1. Kapustina A.N. multifactorial personal technique R. Cattell. St. Petersburg: Speech, 2004 - 104 p.
2. Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. Individual psychological properties of adolescents as risk factors for the formation of Internet-addicted behavior // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. Scientific Journal. - 2015. - N 7 (30). – P. 7 [Electronic resource]. – URL:http://mprj.ru
In this work, the goal was to analyze a group of adolescents aged 13-14 years for the possibility of forming and consolidating their Internet addiction. For this purpose, the Chen scale-dependence technique was used, adapted by Feklisov K.A., Malygin V.L. The results obtained showed that the majority of adolescents believe that the majority of adolescents are at the 2nd level of the scale, i.e. at the level of propensity to form Internet-addicted behavior. This result was scored by 53.7% of the adolescents surveyed. 41.1% of teenagers believe that they do not have an Internet addiction. And only 4.9% of the respondents scored a number of points that showed they have an Internet addiction.
These adolescents were further examined on five Chen scales: Com compulsive symptoms, Wit withdrawal symptoms, Tol tolerance symptoms, IH intrapersonal and health problems, TM time management problems.
Table No. 2 Comparison of the obtained data on the Chen scale
| scales | Group1 | Group2 | Group3 |
| COM | 11,5 | ||
| WIT | 5,7 | 9,9 | 11,5 |
| TOL | 4,3 | 7,2 | 10,5 |
| IH | 8,7 | 11,3 | 17,2 |
| TM | 10,3 | 12,2 | 15,8 |
| IA-SYM | 29,1 | 33,5 | |
| IA-RP | 23,5 | ||
| CIAS | 52,6 | 66,5 |
The data in Table 2 showed that the data increase on all five scales. Thus, the more involved in the Internet environment a teenager experiences, the great difficulties experiences with health, with time management, especially tolerant attitude to the Internet, the feeling of lack of the Internet is more experienced. But on the Compulsive Symptoms Scale, the second group scored higher than the first. This means that the second group has a high desire to periodically access the Internet.
Feklisov K.A., Malygin V.L. in their studies of Internet addictive behavior, they lead their indicators to each of the scales. Thus, in this paper, we can compare the performance of 2011 with our performance.
Table No. 6 Comparison of data on the Chen scale for 2011 and 2016
| 2011 | 2016 | |||||
| Scales | Group 1 | Group2 | Group3 | Group 1 | Group 2 | Group3 |
| Com | 7.5 | 9.9 | 13.5 | 11.5 | ||
| Wit | 7.9 | 11.5 | 17.5 | 5.7 | 9.9 | 11.5 |
| tol | 6.5 | 7.9 | 11.7 | 4.3 | 7.2 | 10.5 |
| IH | 8.9 | 11.9 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 11.3 | 17.5 |
| TM | 7.25 | 10.6 | 15.8 | 10.3 | 12.2 | 15.8 |
| IA-SYM | 21.9 | 29.5 | 42.6 | 29.1 | 33.5 | |
| IA-RP | 16.1 | 22.9 | 23.5 | |||
| CIAS | 52.4 | 52.6 | 66.5 |
The average score is almost the same in the second group. The first group evaluates Internet involvement on average lower than in 2011. The same is true for group 3. Adolescents rate their involvement in the Internet environment lower.
You can also compare the data identified by the same group of scientists with the data identified in the work on the number of Internet addicts. Feklisov K.A. and Malygin V.L. cite the following figures: in 2011, 3.69% of all respondents were identified as Internet addicts. In this work, this figure is 4.9. But this may depend on a wider sample of Malygin V.L., Feklisov K.A. They examined 1082 schoolchildren. In this work, 41 schoolchildren were examined.
Further, all three groups were examined according to the method of Cattell R. It was supposed to trace their personality characteristics by factors C, D, H, Q3, Q4. Malygin believes that data on these 4 factors should be different for Internet-addicted and Internet-independent adolescents. In this study, not two groups were compared, but three groups: with no Internet addiction, with a tendency to Internet addiction, and with Internet addiction.
Malygin and other researchers found that Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by lower scores on factor C, which "measures the ability to adequately discharge their impulses at a particular moment." According to the study, group 1 and group 3 showed a lower score.
According to factor D, which is typical only for adolescents. Internet-addicted adolescents are characterized by reduced indicators for this factor, which indicates their rigidity, an underestimated reaction to what is happening. In all three groups, this indicator is below the norm. But in group 2 and group 3 this figure is significantly lower.
Malygin and other researchers believe that adolescents with Internet addiction should have higher indicators of the H factor, which is associated with the nervous system. In table No. 3, the first group has a low factor H, in groups 2 and group 3 this factor increases.
And two more factors that should differ for independent and dependent: factor Q3, Q4.
According to the Q3 factor, teenagers with a higher involvement in the Internet environment should have lower grades, which indicates lower self-control, difficulties with organizing time. Only in group 3, which we define as Internet addicts, this factor is on the decline. The second group is even higher than the first. This may indicate that group 2 seeks greater control over their emotions and time spent on the Internet.
And the last factor Q4, with a higher Internet addiction, may be lower. Although it may be associated with the characteristics of the personality itself. Our table shows that if group 1 has normal numbers, then in groups 2 and 3 these indicators are declining.
If we compare groups 1,2, 3, we see that group 1 has low indicators for factor A, and in groups 2 and group 3 the indicators are on the rise.
We also see low scores for factors F, G, H among Internet-dependent teenagers. And these factors increase among Internet-addicted teenagers.
It can be said that Internet addicted teenagers have high scores on factor A, and teenagers not prone to internet addiction have significantly lower scores on this factor. Adolescents with identified Internet addiction for factor C have the same indicator as adolescents without Internet addiction. In group 2 adolescents prone to Internet addiction, this figure is higher.
But if factor D is taken into account, then adolescents of groups 2 and 3 have rather low rates, which, according to the researchers, indicates their rigidity and underestimated reaction to what is happening.
The data presented in table No. 3 confirm already existing research. Internet addicted teenagers and teenagers prone to Internet addiction have a high score on the A scale. High rate on the A scale may indicate a tendency to depression. A low score on the C scale is about the inability to adequately discharge one's impulses at a particular moment. Index D indicates a tendency to rigidity and an underestimated reaction to what is happening. Indicator Q3 indicates low self-control and difficulties with organizing time. Q4 indicates low motivation.
If you give the result on the Chen scale, then Internet addicted teenagers feel difficulties on the scale of intrapersonal problems and health problems and severe problems with time management.
An analysis of a group of adolescents showed that Internet-addicted adolescents do experience difficulties with health, with time management and organization, they are more prone to depression, are not always able to adequately discharge their emotions, tend to seek new experiences, while prone to rigidity and an underestimated reaction to what is happening, in addition, there may be problems with motivation and self-control.
But this does not mean that teenagers who are not prone to Internet addiction do not have problems. But Internet-addicted adolescents have slightly higher health problems, with managing emotions and time, and with motivation than adolescents who have not been identified with Internet addiction.
Thus, we can say that we have confirmed the first hypothesis and Internet-addicted adolescents do experience certain difficulties associated with their involvement in the Internet.
Now let's consider the second hypothesis about what parents think about their children's involvement in the Internet environment.
Here the numbers are somewhat different from what was expected at the beginning. Most parents believe that their children are average netizens who do not experience any problems with the Internet, i.e. it does not affect their health, does not affect the organization of their time, does not represent this moment no threat. According to surveys, many parents are not active Internet users and believe that their children need the Internet. They themselves contribute to the active familiarization of adolescents with the Internet.
The other part of the parents believe that their teenagers already need the help of a specialist, that they already abuse the Internet, experience significant problems with health, study and communication. If teenagers who admit their Internet addiction are 4.9%, then parents who believe that their teenagers have problems with the Internet are 12.1%.
None of the parents believe that their child has a tendency to develop Internet addiction. Parents were divided into two groups, those who underestimate the involvement of a teenager in the Internet environment and those who have already encountered problems and believe that their children need specialist help.
Bibliography:
1. Malygin V.L., Khomeriki N.S., Antonenko A.A. Individual psychological properties of adolescents as risk factors for the formation of Internet-addicted behavior // Medical psychology in Russia: electron. Scientific Journal. - 2015. - N 7 (30). – P. 7 [Electronic resource]. – URL: http://mprj.r
Conclusion
In this work, adolescents 13-14 years old were considered. They are in the 7th grade of a general education school. big city. The researcher of this work was interested to know how many teenagers at this age are prone to Internet addiction. The interest was related to the increased problems in China and elsewhere.
Most teenagers are drawn into the Internet space. Their development and personality structure, according to scientists, should be different from how teenagers developed before the advent of the Internet.
In this work, conclusions were drawn that not all adolescents are Internet addicts. A small number of teenagers consider themselves Internet addicts. But most teenagers still understand that they are experiencing difficulties with the Internet and are fully aware that they may be in the group of addicts.
The evidence that Internet addiction can affect the personality of a teenager is quite justified. Dependent adolescents according to the indicators of the test - the questionnaire of Kettell R. and on the Chen scale
Experiencing health problems
Having difficulty managing time
More rigid, have an underestimated reaction to what is happening
Have lower motivation
Have difficulty controlling their emotions
But the line between those who do not consider themselves involved in the Internet environment and those who consider themselves not involved in the Internet environment is rather thin and based on the personal opinion of a teenager. Therefore, the transition of adolescents from one group to another is possible.
Adolescents with high involvement in the Internet environment believe that they experience significant health problems, are prone to intrapersonal conflict have difficulty managing time.
According to the method of Kulakov S.D. it turned out that the majority of parents do not associate certain difficulties with the Internet in adolescents, they do not see a threat from the Internet and, according to surveys, they believe that the Internet does not interfere, but, on the contrary, contributes to the development of adolescents. They talk about what the Internet helps to do homework, makes it possible to spend less time transmitting messages and other things. Parents argue that the Internet is necessary in modern life. The threat from the Internet is seen by a smaller number of parents who have already experienced the negative consequences of addiction from teenagers. Such parents in every possible way limit the use of the Internet and other electronic media, but believe that it is no longer possible to do so.
Many parents who do not see the Internet as a threat to their teenager are themselves less involved in the Internet environment. Most of them do not use the Vkontakte network and other social networks.
Thus, the problem of Internet addiction hangs in the air. Some overestimate the threat of Internet addiction, while others underestimate it.
Adults have little understanding of all the problems that teenagers can face on the Internet. And they themselves contribute to the development of Internet addiction.
Scientists in all countries where Internet addiction has become more widespread see the solution in making the Internet environment and reality more intertwined.
When teenagers are left alone with the Internet, their actions on the Internet become aimless. Those teenagers who seek new sensations, who have problems in relationships with loved ones, fall into Internet addiction.
In Russia, the problem of Internet addiction among adolescents is little studied. No serious studies have been conducted since 2011. Methods for the study of Internet addiction are mainly under development. The most serious among them can be called the “Chen Internet Addiction Scale” adapted by Feklisov K.A. and Malygin V.L. This technique can be considered as the only serious technique to date for identifying Internet addiction.
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Similar information.
Mankind often likes to defend its right to freedom. On a global scale. At the same time, each of us is a prisoner of this or that addiction. For example, we cannot live without sweets, watching TV series, reading newspapers, etc. It would seem that there is nothing wrong with these innocent addictions. But, digging deeper, you can see that any bondage acts destructively: if not on the physical level, then on the moral and spiritual.
Addiction: what is it?
Every morning for most of us begins with aromatic coffee. We pour it into a cup, inhale the pleasant smell, slowly savor each sip. Are you saying it's not an addiction? You are wrong, because this is the real slavery. Try cutting out your favorite morning ritual and you'll see that it takes exactly the same amount of effort as quitting smoking or drinking alcohol. Nerves, irritability and anger are what you will encounter in the first days. Further, the symptoms can appear already at the physical level: trembling in the hands, pressure surges, headaches.
Addiction is the need to periodically perform one or another action. On a simple example with coffee, we see that sometimes we have absolutely no control over the situation, rather, on the contrary, we ourselves are captured by it. Even if one or another of our addictions is completely innocent, it slowly destroys our "I", makes us not free, and in the future - weak and weak-willed. Addiction is always getting used to one or another object, action, phenomenon or person. Having lost the object of addiction, we do not find a place for ourselves. And sometimes it takes many years to get rid of unnecessary bondage.
Dependence on the physical level
Our unhealthy addictions manifest themselves in different ways. There are the following main types of dependence: physical and mental. The first type is the most dangerous, as it harms our health, leads to addiction of this kind involves the intake of certain chemical or other substances, as a result of which changes occur in the body, addiction and an urgent need develop.
The most common physical addiction is alcoholism. First, a person drinks to relax, relieve stress. But gradually gets used to the next dose of alcohol and "requires" it every day. The same thing happens when taking drugs, which additionally can cause hallucinations, mental disorders and
Physical addiction also includes drug addiction - taking drugs (hypnotics, cough or pressure) in very large doses and a pathological unwillingness to give them up. And, of course, smoking is also a variant of "slavery" when the body cannot function normally without another dose of nicotine.
mental addiction
This is the endless craving of a person for a certain activity, a way of leisure. The most common manifestation of mental addiction is gambling, or the need for gambling. In this case, slot machines, roulette, cards, sweepstakes become the meaning of human life. The first reason why people start playing is the desire to get rich, to win a valuable prize. But gradually a person gets so involved that he spends all his money, sells property to win back, gets into debt, starts stealing, etc.
At the psychological level, there are also such types of addiction as workaholism and shopaholism. In the first case, a person simply dissolves in work, he spends time around the clock in the office and on business trips. Of course, career growth is important for each of us, but when it completely replaces family, leisure, hobbies and other joys of life, then we can talk about addiction. As for shopaholism, women are usually prone to it. The desire to acquire new things becomes obsessive, as a result of which absolutely nothing is bought every day. necessary items(clothing, cosmetics, jewelry, etc.).
Internet addiction in teenagers
This phenomenon should be discussed separately, since in recent times the problem has become so serious that it can be called a mass epidemic. Dependence on the Internet has its subspecies: web surfing, obsessive wandering from site to site, virtual communication in social networks, dating, correspondence, computer games. teen everything free time spends at the monitor, he stops sleeping and eating normally, skips classes, does not go in for sports and does not communicate with peers. As a result, he develops obesity, vision and stomach problems, school performance declines, and problems begin.
Internet addiction in teenagers can be prevented. Prevention is complete control over the child: you should always know what your son or daughter is doing on the Web. Also, parents can become a so-called guide for their child: show that there is a lot of interesting things on the Internet besides games and social networks. Organize the leisure of a minor, persuade him to sign up for various sports sections, and have an active rest with the whole family. In this case, the chances of the child becoming Internet addicted will be minimal.
Other types of slavery
The most common types of addictions have been described above. But psychological dependence also has other guises, rarer, but no less dangerous. For example, religious fanaticism. A person falls under the influence of a particular creed or sect. not only follow the often meaningless laws of this or that association of fanatics, but also put all their savings there. Recently, cases of such dependence are becoming more common. The same can be said about emotional bondage - the inability to live without a loved one, parents or children. A person is so strongly attached to them that this feeling becomes the basis of life. If there is a parting with the object of adoration, the addict falls into depression, ends up in a lunatic asylum, or commits suicide.
Psychological dependence can overtake a person in the form of bulimia - there is always a pathological desire. A patient in just one day can absorb 10-20 kilograms of products. The causes of bulimia are often stress, nervous tension. Also, one cannot help but recall perfectionism - the manic desire to look perfect, as a result of which people constantly resort to plastic surgery. This is also an addiction, which is more often influenced by women related to show business.
Main symptoms
Each of them manifest themselves in different ways, but there are common, characteristic signs for all. For example, dependent behavior. It is characterized by the same type of actions of the patient. A person works out the same pattern of behavior over and over again, rejecting even the opportunity to re-evaluate the situation and react to it. Such actions are unproductive, they leave no way for creativity, self-development, possible social adaptation, the ability to find a way out of the current situation.
Let's take a player as an example. Even if he has already lost a large amount of money in the casino, he still continues to try to hit the jackpot. Every day he will make new bets, lose, but again return to cards or roulette. His behavior is fixated on the same pattern: a person does not allow the opportunity to stop in order to save the remaining finances and property. As for alcoholics, many of them claim that they drink because of depression. This condition, in turn, often becomes a consequence of excessive drinking, as a result of which people again reach for the bottle. Addiction is a mania that takes on the shape of a vicious circle.
Signs of Addiction
Very often, pathological cravings are incurable. Even if a drug addict or alcoholic does not drink for several years, he can break at any moment. Until the end of his life, he will not be able to control the use of psychotropic substances or alcohol: he will no longer become a healthy person who knows the measure and can always stop.
Addiction is a disease. It develops gradually, has its stages. Addiction progresses, often like a snowball rushing down a mountain. With each new second, it flies even faster, acquiring new layers. Therefore, if the patient breaks down, it turns out that during abstinence, his addiction not only did not subside, but, on the contrary, gained strength.
Some forms of addiction are deadly. A drug addict can die from an overdose, get high in an accident, commit suicide. An alcoholic is waiting for cirrhosis of the liver or a fight in which he will be stabbed with a knife. Very often, such people pass away much earlier than expected.
Is it possible to stop?
Addiction treatment is a very long and painstaking process. The most difficult thing is to get rid of cravings for drugs and alcohol. Usually the patient cannot cope with the addiction on his own, and he needs specialized treatment. Anonymous circles and specialized clinics have been organized for this group of addicts. Doctors and psychologists are developing a comprehensive treatment that will surely lead to a happy ending. The main thing is that the patient strives to become the right way and worked on myself.
Other types of addiction do not require hospitalization, in these cases only willpower is needed. For example, a person can quit smoking on his own, for this it is important to formulate the motivation for such an act. Gamblers, shopaholics, workaholics and other addicts need the help of close people who will distract them from harmful cravings and organize an interesting pastime.
