(People's Republic of China)
Geographical position. China is a huge country located in Central and East Asia. In the north, China borders on the Siberian steppes, and in the south - on the tropical jungle. In the west of the country there is a vast zone of deserts and plateaus. Coastline China has a length of more than 4,000 kilometers and covers the Yellow Sea in the north, the East China Sea in the center and the South China Sea in the south.
Square. The territory of China occupies 9,597 sq. km.
Main cities, administrative divisions. The capital of China is Beijing. Largest cities: Shanghai (9,000 thousand people), Beijing (7,200 thousand people), Tianjin (6,200 thousand people), Hong Kong (5,500 thousand people), Shenyang (5,000 thousand people), Wuhan (4,000 thousand people), Guangzhou (4,000 thousand people). Administrative-territorial division of the country: 22 provinces (without Taiwan), 5 autonomous regions and 3 cities of central subordination.
China is a "people's" republic. supreme body state power is the National People's Congress, its permanent body is the Standing Committee. The head of state is the President of the People's Republic of China.
Relief. The relief of China is dominated by mountains. Large mountain ranges are directed from west to east, they divide the country into several climatic zones.
Geological structure and minerals. The bowels of the country contain reserves of iron ore, coal, oil, mercury, tungsten, tin, antimony, manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, lead, zinc, aluminum, and uranium.
Climate. Over 70% of China's territory is located in favorable climatic conditions: 26% - in temperate, 19% - in warm, 26% - in subtropical and 1% in tropical climates. China is located in the monsoon influence zone, but only for southwestern regions characterized by a traditional hot and humid monsoon climate. There is little precipitation in the center of the country, a little more in the north, in the east the climate is humid compared to western regions, where most the year is hot and dry. cold in winter air masses from Siberia, they create anticyclones over Asia, and at the same time, the prevailing winds bring almost no rain. In the north of the country, clear days with low temperatures and humidity are numerous in winter, but in the south, winters are moderately cold. In summer, warm and humid air from the sea collects over eastern regions China, where it often rains heavily. Heat and humidity at this time is observed throughout the country. In the north, cold and windy winters last from December to March. In Beijing at this time, the temperature does not rise above zero degrees, although it is usually dry and sunny. North of the Great Wall and in Heilongjiang, temperatures can drop to -45°C. Summer in the north lasts from May to August, the temperature can rise to +38°С and higher. July and August are the rainiest months in eastern regions, but the west of the country is a vast desert where excess moisture is never a problem. AT central regions, including in Shanghai, summers are hot and humid. In the south of the country, the hottest and wettest months last from April to September. There are often heavy showers, typhoons hit the southeast coast from July to September.
Inland waters. Major rivers China: the Yellow River (4,806 km), the Yangtze or Chang (Long River) (5,221 km), and the Xi or Western river(2,097 km).
Soils and vegetation. There are about 25,000 plant species in China. The most characteristic trees are larch, cedar, oak, linden, maple, walnut, laurel, camellia, magnolia.
Animal world. In China, there are tiger, wolf, fox, kulan, goitered gazelle, camel, jerboa, squirrel, lynx, sable, leopard, hare, raccoon dog, tapir, rhinoceros, lemur, panda, monkeys, birds (more than 1,000 species), many snakes .
Population and language
In terms of population (1.2 billion people), China ranks first among the states of the world. Although the population growth rate in last years slowed down and continues to grow. China is a multinational state. In addition to the representatives of the Han ethnic group, which make up more than 93% of the population, another 54 ethnic groups live in China. About 90% of China's long border areas are occupied by peoples who do not belong to the Han group. They occupy almost two-thirds total area China. The number of these 54 groups exceeds 1 million, about 25 groups live in Yunnan Province. Several million Mongols live in China, mostly along northern borders with the Mongolian Autonomous Region, in the provinces of Gansu and Heilongjiang. About three million Tibetans currently live in their autonomous territory, in the provinces of Sichuan and Qinghai. Uighurs belong to the Turkic group, live mainly in Xinjiang province, use the language Turkic group and are Muslims. About 0.5 million Kazakhs live in China, concentrated in the province of Xinjiang. There are about 75 thousand Kyrgyz in the country. Zhuang live in autonomous region Guanxi. Other ethnic groups: miao-yao, and (lolo), manch-zhurs, hui.
Religion
At present, the four main ancient religions of China - Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and ancestor worship - have acquired a marked similarity, but all of them have survived.
Brief historical sketch
The oldest references about China date back to the time of the ruler Fu Xi, who lived 30-40 centuries before the beginning of our era. Supposedly the gods inspired him to write holy book ancient China The Yijing, from which the theory arose that physical universe arose and develops due to the alternation of yin and yang. AT historical sources there is no mention of any rulers of China prior to the Shang (1766-1122 BC). The Shang rulers were overthrown Zhou Dynasty, which initially built its capital near modern Xian, and later, around 750 BC. e., fled from the barbarians invading the country and settled near the current Liaoyang. AT early period During the reign of the dynasty, power was concentrated in the hands of the emperor, but later local rulers formed almost independent states. From 770 BC e. these rulers fought fierce wars with each other, and the entire period from 476 to 221. BC e. called "Warring States". At the same time, China was being attacked by barbarians from the north and northeast. Then it was decided to build huge walls to protect the territory. In the end, the main power was concentrated in the hands of Prince Qin, whose army overthrew the ruler Zhou.
The new emperor Qin Shi-Huang-di became the founder of the Qin dynasty in 221 BC. e. He was one of the most celebrated emperors in Chinese history and was the first to unite Chinese empire. After the death of Emperor Qin Shi-Huang-di in 210 BC. e. a struggle for power broke out between provincial governors, and the winner, Liu Bang, founded the Han Dynasty (206 BC - 220 AD). Under the Han Dynasty, China's territory expanded significantly. After the fall of the Han Dynasty, the struggle for power was launched by 3 kingdoms - Wei, Shu and Wu. Later short time 16 provinces entered the war. In 581 BC. e. the founder of the Sui dynasty seized power and made efforts to unify the empire. Work began with the Grand Canal, connecting the lower reaches of the Yangtze with the middle reaches of the Yellow River.
After the fall of the Sui Dynasty, in the Tang Dynasty, the history of China reached its peak. It was during this period that China became the most powerful state world and represented the main force in East Asia. The population of Xi'an, the capital of the empire, exceeded 1 million people, culture flourished: classical painting developed, arts such as music, dance and opera, magnificent ceramics were produced, and the secret of white translucent porcelain was discovered. Confucian ethics and Buddhism dominated, there was progress in science - mainly in astronomy and geography.
Toward the end of the IX century. invasions of neighboring peoples into the territory of China began, in addition, constantly flared up internal uprisings. In 907 the dynasty ceased to exist and was quickly replaced by five others. During this troubled period Chinese history paper banknotes were introduced and a primitive printing press. AT early XIII in. Genghis Khan invaded China. By 1223, his troops had captured all the lands north of the Yellow River. The Song Dynasty ended in 1279 when Khubilai took over all of China and became emperor. Mongolian dynasty Yuan established the capital of the state in Khanbaliq, present-day Beijing. For the first time in history, all of China was ruled by foreigners, and the state became part of a vast empire that stretched to Europe and Persia in the west and encompassed the plains and steppes of Siberia in the north. The presence of foreign warriors on the lands of China and the capture of usable lands by the Mongols eventually led to the "Red Turban Rebellion" in the middle of the 14th century.
The Mongol Empire began to crumble after the death of Kublai Khan in 1297, and trade routes became unsafe again. Somewhat later, the Mongols were expelled from China, and the Ming dynasty reigned first in Nanjing, and then in Beijing. At this time, architecture was actively developing, new agricultural crops were being grown, power was concentrated at the court, large sea expeditions were sent to Java, Sri Lanka and even to the Persian Gulf and Africa. The Manchus were the second foreign people to invade China, but they so quickly adapted to Chinese culture that after a few generations, few Manchus spoke their native language. The borders of the empire expanded significantly, for the first 150 years of the Manchu rule, peace and prosperity reigned in the country. AT early XIX in. European ships began to appear more and more often off the coast, royal Russia conquered Siberia. Due to the "Opium Wars" (1839-1842), Shanghai and Nanking passed into the hands of the British, five ports were opened for trade, and British troops occupied Hong Kong. The Chinese were forced to import opium to support the trade. In addition, the Taiping uprising (1848-1864) led by a religious fanatic who called himself the brother of Jesus Christ posed a threat to the Manchu court. He and his followers took over a large area of China and established the Heavenly Capital at Nanjing. The attempts of the rebels to take over Beijing and the weak resistance of the Manchus prompted the British and French to seek new concessions from the emperor. The result was the Beijing Agreement, which opened additional ports to foreign traders and guaranteed extraterritorial rights and other privileges to foreigners in China. The allied troops and the Manchu army defeated the Taipings, Nanjing was recaptured. But soon the war between China and Japan (1894-1895) began, as a result of which China lost Korea, Taiwan and the Pescador Islands.
In 1900, the "Society of Just Fists" or "Boxers" invaded Beijing and attacked the quarter where foreigners lived. The siege continued for 50 days until an expeditionary force of seven Western states and Japan. The Boxers had to run. revolutionary movement in China eventually led to the fall of the Qing Dynasty in 1911. At this time, the revolutionaries in Nanjing set up their own government. Sun Yat-sen was proclaimed the first president on January 1, 1912, but not he, but General Yuan Shikai forced the Manchus to abdicate in 1912 and proclaimed China a constitutional republic. Beijing was declared the capital of the state. In the same year, Sun Yat-sen formed the Kuomintang Party, which Yuan Shikai outlawed in 1913. Yuan tried to become emperor, but his attempt failed. After his death in 1916, Japan took advantage of the internal unrest in China to seize the province of Shandong and put forward the so-called "twenty-one demands", according to which power in China passed into the hands of the Japanese. China was forced to agree to these demands, and since then this day has been considered a day of national mourning.
In 1917, China joined the First world war, primarily driven by a desire to recapture the lost provinces, but China's claims were rejected at the Versailles Peace Conference. In July 1921, the Chinese Communist Party was formed in Shanghai, with Mao Zedong as one of its leaders. In 1924, the Kuomintang Party, having lost the support of Western democracies, was reorganized by Sun Yat-sen under the leadership of Soviet government. With the support of Russian communists was formed revolutionary army. Sun
Yat-sen died in 1925, and the national government of Guangzhou was headed by Chiang Kai-shek. The Nationalist troops moved north, seizing province after province, and in 1927 reached Shanghai. In April 1927, after the massacre of members of the Communist Party, a provisional nationalist government was established in Nanjing, which the Western powers recognized in 1928. Chiang Kai-shek became the country's president. For almost 10 years, Chiang Kai-shek tried to restore political unity throughout the country, but faced strong opposition. In 1931, Japan captured Manchuria, and by 1933 troops were approaching the outskirts of Beijing.
By 1935, Mao Zedong had proclaimed himself the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Within six months, a full-scale invasion of China began. Japanese troops, and by October 1938 the Japanese army controlled all the eastern provinces from Manchuria to Guangdong. Puppet governments were set up in Peking and Nanjing. Kuomintang troops retreated to Chongqing, the Communists occupied Shaanxi province, leading a guerrilla war in the occupied territories. In 1945, after the defeat of the Japanese army in Pacific region surrendered Japanese troops in China. Chiang Kai-shek's army with help air force The United States captured the remnants of the Japanese troops and thus gained control over the main strategic points of the territory occupied by the Japanese. In 1949, the Civil War in China. Using the same tactics guerrilla war, which they seized during the occupation, by 1948 the communists had captured almost all northern lands, in January 1949 they took Beijing. Chiang Kai-shek's troops fled to Taiwan.
On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the formation of the People's Republic of China. The first actions of the new government were aimed at restoring the economy and creating socialist institutions. Helped the Chinese Soviet Union in accordance with the Pact of Soviet-Chinese Friendship, concluded in February 1950. Soviet specialists, China received the equipment needed to restore the economy. In October 1950, China entered into Korean War. At the same time, agrarian reforms were introduced in the country to ensure a more equitable distribution of land, but they were accompanied by the execution of former landowners and wealthy peasants. In addition, measures were taken against political and economic corruption. In 1953, the first five-year plan was adopted, an attempt to develop the Chinese economy along the Soviet model, which emphasized the development of heavy industry. Land given to peasants land reform, was taken back in the process of creating collective farms. In the 1960s, a break in relations between China and the USSR began. All Soviet specialists were recalled, assistance programs ceased. In 1962, the authorities were forced to transform the communes into more efficient small farms. In the same year, clashes on the border with India turned into a war. Two years later, an atomic bomb was detonated in China.
In 1966, the Hongweiping movement began, covering all of China. When the uprising was subdued in 1968, Mao was back in power. In 1969 there were serious fights between border troops China and the USSR on the Ussuri River. In 1971, Mao's successor Lin Biao tried to enlist the support of the army and stage a coup, but was defeated and killed on the border with Mongolia while trying to flee to the USSR. A year later, US President R. Nixon visited China to conclude a communiqué, according to which the US recognized China's right to Taiwan as an integral part of the country. In 1976, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai died, and later a short time radical circles in the party launched a violent campaign against his likely successor, Deng Xiaoping, who was removed from all posts in April. In July, China suffered from strongest earthquake in Tianyan, near Beijing, which killed at least 240,000 people and caused extensive damage to one of the major industrial zones countries. Mao died in September. In 1977, Deng Xiaoping was reinstated to all posts and led a faction of moderates who were trying to move along the path of economic development and reform. China began work on the "four upgrades" program, which was to strengthen the industry, Agriculture, science and defense. In 1980, there was criticism of the actions of Mao Zedong and his serious mistakes in the last years of his reign. On June 3, 1989, troops were sent to disperse student demonstrations. Hundreds of people died and thousands were arrested. Zhao Ziyang was removed from the post of general secretary. In 1994, official control over currency exchange was abolished in China, and the yuan gained a firm exchange rate.
Brief economic essay
China is an agro-industrial country. The basis of the fuel and energy base is coal. Smelting of steel, non-ferrous metals (aluminum, copper, zinc, lead, tin, antimony). Manufacture of cement, mineral fertilizers. Diversified mechanical engineering (machine tool building, agricultural and transport engineering, tractor, auto, aircraft and ship building, production of electric power and other industrial equipment, electronic products, devices, as well as bicycles, sewing machines, watches). The main industry is the textile industry (cotton, silk, woolen fabrics). About half of all industrial output is produced by small and handicraft enterprises. Traditional crafts ( art products from bone, silk, enamel, lacquer, porcelain and faience, embroidery). Crops of food (rice, wheat, sweet potato, potatoes), and industrial (cotton, soybeans, peanuts, tea, tobacco, jute, sugar cane, sugar beet) crops. Vegetable growing. Fruit growing. Viticulture. Cultivation of cattle, pigs, sheep. Fishing, seafood production. Fish farming. Collection of wild fruits and medicinal herbs. Wood harvesting. Export: textile raw materials, products of the electronic and textile industries, mechanical engineering.
Currency unit- yuan.
Brief essay culture
Art and architecture. Three thousand years ago, two cultures existed in China, known mainly from preserved pottery and called yangshao (“painted pottery”) and longshan (“unpainted pottery”). Traces of the Yangshao culture were discovered during excavations in the village of He-nan. The pottery of this period is characterized by red or black geometric ornaments applied to the fired product. The development of the Longshan culture took much longer; the manufacture of ceramics was carried out using a potter's wheel, and therefore the walls of the vessels were much thinner. A distinctive feature of the Longshan is black vessels, the shape of which was reflected in the early bronze products of the Shang era. In the "epoch of warring kingdoms", lacquerware first appeared. The most famous examples of painting, sculpture, lacquer and carving
from the Han Dynasty were discovered in the Han burial ground in Changsha - they are exhibited in the Changsha Museum. By the end of the Han Dynasty, the first samples of celadon, one of the types of Chinese porcelain, appeared. The Tang Dynasty saw the beginning of a golden age of painting, music, poetry and the art of calligraphy. The tradition of art was largely preserved during the Song Dynasty. Jingdezhen, in the north of Jiangxi Province, became the capital of porcelain manufacture. Of the fine arts of China, calligraphy deserves special attention, which the Chinese place above almost all other arts. The first masters of calligraphy appeared in the period from the 3rd to the 6th centuries. n. e., their traditions survived until the Qing Dynasty. Using a brush made of animal hair dipped in ink from the ashes of a special kind of wood, calligraphers wrote Chinese characters on paper with careless and graceful movements. This skill combined art and science. Chinese painting was a philosophical work, an attempt to study the meaning of nature and the place of man in it. The artists made no attempt to accurately reproduce the combination of colors or perspective. Each artist had a distinctive style. Chinese artists never drew from nature, the result of their work reflected inner world the artist himself and his character.
Beijing. Among the many attractions of the capital - forbidden city- the palace complex, which now houses the museum, the mausoleum of Mao Zedong, the Museum of the Chinese Revolution, the national gallery, the Temple of Heaven (XV century), the tombs of the emperors of the Ming Dynasty, the famous alley of animals leads to them, along which there are marble lions, elephants, camels , horses; within the boundaries of the city is part of the Great Wall of China. Shanghai. Museum of Art and History with one of the finest art collections in China; Museum natural sciences; Yu's mandarin garden, laid out in the 16th century; the Purple Autumn Cloud Garden, established in the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Jade Buddha. Guangzhou. One of the main zoos in the country; Guangzhou Museum; mausoleum of Sun Yat-sen; Zhenhai Pagoda, built during the Ming Dynasty; Temple of the Six Fig Trees; the oldest mosque in China Huaiseng, founded in 627 Lhasa. Many Buddhist monasteries and temples; The Patala Palace, the residence of the Dalai Lama, was built in the 17th century. Xi'an. Not far from this city, in the province of Shaanxi, is the tomb of the emperor of the Qin dynasty, who died in 210 BC. e. In the tomb, among other things, an army of 6,000 soldiers and life-sized clay horses was buried.
The science. Qin Jiushao (XIII century) - mathematician, author of the essay "Nine Books on Mathematics", which contains information on number theory and solving algebraic equations higher degrees.
Literature. During the Song Dynasty, the first theater appeared, in which the actors performed their monologues on a square stage, fenced with railings on all sides. Chinese poetry has a history that has developed over several thousand years. Early Chinese poems were included in the "Book of Songs" - "Yijing". They were performed to the accompaniment musical instruments. Another direction of Chinese classical poetry founded by Jiu Yuan, who lived in the 4th century. BC e. One of the earliest works on Chinese history is considered to be the Chronicle of Spring and Autumn, which outlines the history of the kingdom of Liu in the period from 722 to 481. BC e. Lu Xun (1881-1936) - the founder of modern Chinese literature (collections of stories are marked by the influence of A.P. Chekhov and M. Gorky; the story " True story A-Q" - the image of the tragedy " little man»; poetry, journalism, translations).
It's not for me to tell you that at the word "China" in the head of any person appears great amount various associations. Chinese fireworks, the invention of gunpowder, huge dragon dolls and much more. Everyone has their own. Ultimately, they give us the feeling of some other world, completely unknown and unique. Well - it is.
Map of China in Russian online
(The map can be enlarged, reduced, switched to satellite mode. Use the + and - icons to change the scale of the map
China map in Russian geographical
Traveler China will open an amazing unseen world. But let's go in order.
Let us turn to the sights of China, of which there are a huge number even for a fastidious and jaded traveler.
The Great Wall of China is known to be the only human structure that can be seen from space. This is business card China. Its height is from 2 to 8 meters, but it is long - think about it - 8851 km. Like a snake, it wraps around the mountain passes, attracting the attention of tourists from all over the world.
Exactly like the Gugong Imperial Palace, it was built between 1406-1420 and served as a residence for 24 Chinese emperors that time from the Ming and Qing dynasties. In that big city 9999 separate rooms, where, along with historical buildings, antiques and even items of everyday imperial life are preserved.
The most beautiful place in China is the Temple of Confucius, the famous philosopher of antiquity. It is here that the Wall of Reflected Sound rises, which is extremely popular with tourists, because this wall has an amazing property - it is capable of reproducing human whispers along a perimeter of 64 meters.
As far as nature is concerned, China's climate is defined by drastic differences and fluctuations. atmospheric pressure during winter and summer seasons. China occupies a fairly large part of the Asian mainland, which in winter tends to cool much faster than the nearby seas.
In general, the climate of China is monsoonal, characterized by clear changes in atmospheric pressure according to the season. But it is interesting that the territory of the country is large and within it you can find surprisingly diverse landscapes, whether it be deserts or humid subtropics.
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The infrastructure of China lives a powerful market life and offers a huge variety of goods, whether it be fireworks or perfumes. True, in Russia there are places for the sale of high-quality elite perfumes http://www.aromamore.ru and, of course, you can choose. However, it is worth noting that the Chinese economy is constantly on the rise, where everyone decides to invest for himself.
China or the People's Republic of China is a state in East Asia. A map of China shows that the state is the world's third largest territory. The area of the country is 9,596,960 sq. km. The population of the country is 1,347,374,752 people.
Today, China is one of the world's superpowers. The PRC is the largest country in terms of population; the world's third largest space and nuclear-missile power; second in the world in terms of GDP. In addition, China has the largest army in the world.
Today, everyone has a lot of “Made in China” items in their home. China is the world's largest exporter of various goods and products. The country also leads in the production various kinds industrial products, including automobiles. China is often referred to as the "factory of the world".
The largest cities in the country are Beijing (capital), Shanghai, Hong Kong, Tianjin, Guangzhou and Wuhan. China is divided into 22 provinces, but claims to rule over the 23rd province - Taiwan.
The rapid development of China in the 21st century has led to a large social gap between the poor and the rich. The country's government intends to artificially halt the growth of economic development and direct all the funds received to improve the life of the peasants.
History reference
China is one of the oldest states in the world. Approximate age countries - about 5000 years. The history of China for many millennia was conducted according to ruling dynasties: from 2353 BC e. until 1911. The Republic of China existed from 1912 to 1949. In 1949, the People's Republic of China was founded. Since then, the Communist Party of China has been the ruling party.
must visit
A detailed satellite map of China is replete with various historical cities and attractions. It is recommended to visit the Great Chinese wall, Forbidden City, Summer Residence and Temple of Heaven in Beijing, mausoleum with terracotta army in Xi'an, Hangzhou Soul Refuge Temple, Suzhou Garden City, ancient capital Luoyang, the Temple of the Jade Buddha and the area of skyscrapers in Shanghai, casinos in Macau, high-rise Hong Kong and hot springs on Hainan Island.
China is a country ideal for tourism. It is in this country that peaceful rural landscapes and huge skyscrapers of megacities coexist.
China can rightfully be considered land of contrasts: the nature here is so different that it seems as if it is a completely different planet. Wild and lifeless deserts give way to infinitely high mountain slopes. The country impresses with its size, so a trip to China can satisfy the need for knowledge of every traveler.
State location
China or the People's Republic of China is located in the east of Asia. He is considered the most densely populated state on the planet and occupies second largest land area in the world, sharing it with Canada. China neighbors with Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Laos, North Korea, Mongolia and Myanmar.
In the eastern and southeastern parts, the state adjoins the Yellow, Philippine, East China and South China Sea, almost 3.5 thousand small and large islands are located on the territory of the country.
China landscape in different regions is very different: the southwest is occupied by the mountains of Tibet, the northwest lies on the flat and hilly terrain, western part The country is occupied by the Great Plain of China, the northeast and south are hills and stone wastelands. Only in the southeast of China can be seen dense forests subtropics.
Administrative division
The territory of the People's Republic of China has three degrees administrative division : provinces, districts, parishes. In turn, the provinces are divided into autonomous regions and cities.
China includes 22 provinces, there are three federal cities - Beijing, Shanghai and Tianjin.
There are five autonomous regions in the country, the main population of which are national minorities. Cities of federal subordination and provinces include 31 autonomous districts, 321 cities and 2046 districts.
The largest centers of the republic
Harbin
Harbin - one of the largest educational and financial districts Republic of China. The city is located in the province of Heilongjiang and occupies the position of the capital.
Harbin was founded by Russian pioneers only in 1898, it was originally intended as a station of the Trans-Manchurian railway line. In our time, in the most ancient regions, one can notice the details inherent in Siberian architecture.
Almost 4 million people live in Harbin.
The city has the largest Far East Christian Hagia Sophia made in Byzantine style. It occupies the place of one of the most important monuments of the history of the state. The cathedral was restored in 1997, after which it changed its name to the Harbin Palace of Architecture.
Tourism in China: the main attractions of the cities in our next.
Here is located buddhist temple jilesi, which is a sacred place for pilgrimage of northern China, was erected in 1920 of the last century.
Tourists from Russia will surely like the Russian historical monuments preserved in Harbin. One of them - tourist center Volga-Manor.
All the buildings here are made in the original Russian style, there are hotels, a small village, souvenir shops, business centers, cafes and restaurants that serve both Russian and Chinese National dishes baths, saunas, swimming pools and more.
Nearby is the Pushkin salon, where you can learn the history of relations between Russia and China.
Located in the city Harbin Oceanarium which is popular among local residents and tourists. Here you can watch various representatives flora and fauna of the Arctic. Also, for everyone, there are performances with the participation of polar bears, beluga whales and sea lions.
In the heart of the city is a favorite among tourists sunny island washed by the waters of the Songhua River. This evergreen island is renowned as a family-friendly outdoor destination.
AT winter months passes in the city Snow and Ice Festival, which involves ice sculptors who came here from different parts of the world.
During the festival, almost two thousand ice sculptures, the best of which are exhibited in the local park and on Sunny Island.
beer festival is another favorite event, which attracts brewers and connoisseurs of intoxicating drink from many countries.
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is located on the shores of the Indian Ocean. City divided into four parts: Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong Island, New Territory and the Outlying Islands.
Hong Kong is the largest industrial, commercial and economic region. Also, in the city there are magnificent reserves, parks and squares, ancient temples, monasteries and sanctuaries.
Get along here ancient villages, rural temples, livestock farms and graceful bays with spacious sandy beaches.
Almost all of the state trade, so there are countless variety of shops in the city. Travelers who come here can participate in local festivals, taste dishes of foreign and national cuisine. Almost all entertainment facilities open 24 hours a day.
The most interesting facts about China - see the following video:
China is a country that is ideal for tourist travel. Coming here is like stepping into another planet. It blends so harmoniously pristine nature and overcrowded metropolitan areas with their huge skyscrapers. As the world's third largest country, with a huge cultural history, China is able to charm and amaze any traveler.
China on the world map
The lands of this country are in East Asia, having mastered the colossal territory, the size of 9.6 square kilometers. In addition to the mainland, the republic owns the island province of Hainan and some small islands. The shores of the countries go to the seas: Chinese (Southern and Eastern) and from the Eastern part to the Yellow. Two great rivers, the Huang He and flowing through its lands, originate in the depths of the Tibetan mountains. China has joint borders with the following states: North Korea in the North East; the Russian Federation in the Northeast and Northwest; Mongolia in the North; Myanmar, Vietnam, Laos, Bhutan in the South; Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Tajikistan, Nepal in the West; Kazakhstan in the North-West direction.
Maps of the People's Republic of China
The administrative division of the state has three levels: volosts, provinces and regions of autonomy. However, in fact, China considers local government to be five-level: province, district, county, township and village
- The province (city district) has 22 units, the 23rd is unofficially taken by Taiwan. The provinces also include autonomous regions of 5 units and 4 municipalities.
- District (prefecture) of the city with adjoining agricultural land.
- A county is a provincial rural unit. As of 2017, there were about 2,850 counties.
- Parish. Settlements and territories inhabited by national minorities. There are about 40,000 volosts.
- Village. Operated by a village committee and plays no role in executive power countries.
A detailed map of China with cities and districts will tell you how they are geographically distributed.
physical map
rich the most beautiful places. Geographic will indicate the places that you like. Fans of mountain ranges will amaze the imagination of the Himalayas and Tien-Shan slopes with their amazing resorts. Mountains give way to luxurious plains, fertile lowlands to deserts. On the map you can see all the beauty of the relief, the location of reservoirs and flora.
Economy of China
A color economic map of China with cities will tell you about the concentration of the country's manufacturing and mining industries, the location of the main agricultural lands. Will show the largest financial centers, such as the capital of China Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin. Will reveal the extent railways which are the pride of the country.
political map
On this map you can take a closer look territorial division states by levels of authorities local government and population. As well as lands disputed by the Republic with other countries for the right of ownership.
Provincial China
Map of China with provinces these are impressive administrative territories. The basis of statehood and government. Special administrative districts, cities of centralized subordination, autonomous regions, provinces, all this largest territories of economic importance, helping the authorities competently and reliably manage the country.
The state border between our countries took its final form in 2005, after long territorial disputes ended in favor of China. Total length 4209 km, has both land and water sections, on the rivers of the Argun, Amur and Ussuri rivers.
If you are going to the Celestial Empire, on a tourist or business trip, you should definitely purchase in advance new card China in Russian. It will help you navigate and explore this amazing country more deeply.
