Before telling about this outstanding person, I will say a few words about the political situation that had developed in Chechnya at the time of his arrival. Years of industrial activity gave me the opportunity to get to know the Russians as well as the Chechens. If I cannot but love the latter, then I respect the Russians and even, in some way, envy them. I will not enumerate the advantages and disadvantages of the peoples among whom I was born, formed as a person and a specialist. Both have different polarities in sufficient quantity.
I was not and am not a member of parties, I do not spin in journalistic circles. Man I'm rural though labor activity took place in an urban setting. Working in production in the construction industry in various leadership positions, but I have never been involved in such a way. From where he retired, in his soul remaining a Soviet foreman.
Because, as a person from within the people, earning his daily bread with the hardest physical labor, I know firsthand her newest, short, but brightly dramatic story. A story that unfolded on the scale of Russia, on a small patch of land called Chechnya. On the ground, like a meteor in the sky, for a moment the destinies of the two peoples, Russians and Chechens, flashed brightly and intertwined, where, without exaggeration, the fate of the Russian State itself was decided.
As an eyewitness to recent events, I try to tell in my works so that the reader himself would draw the conclusion of what happened in Chechnya. And with this in mind, if possible, remove the veil of secret and open hostility between me and the Russian. Let's not dissemble, Ivan, unfortunately, there is a slight hostility between our relations. Even after such a fight.
Let's start with when information channels Russia since 1991, took us into circulation at the same time. I tried to write down blunders about Chechens for history, but you can't master all the channels at the same time. But even this would be enough that we could not wash ourselves for a century. So much has been said about Chechnya.
Some acted for the sake of time in order to stay afloat of the political establishment, while others, together with the collapse of the USSR, tried to do the same with Russia. But those and others cared little where they were pushing us.
I made notes at what time of the day, the dates and through which channel this or that information was received. Then I abandoned this idea, who needs it.
For example, simultaneously or with an interval of one day, in different points world could appear the same Chechen bandit group. Then in the morning she left Pakistan for Indian states, and in the evening already crossed the border of Mexico into the US states.
Or here's another ram, from an Australian farmer, rushes at the owner, butts with everyone that moves and even rushes at his jeep. And where do you think these aggressive small cattle were brought up? Of course in Chechnya.
Often, already in the non-peaceful sky of Chechnya, unmarked aircraft could appear. What did the official information person announce that even federal forces they could not establish which air force carried out missile and bomb attacks on the cities and villages of Chechnya. And yet, it was emphatically officially informed that such non-identifying elements struck exactly at those parts of Chechnya where the people were especially loyal to the federal forces.
About existence civilians, the civilian population, they didn’t say anything, they didn’t seem to be in Chechnya, as we see today in the Donbass, in Syria. What peaceful inhabitants, when there even rams rush at people. Aggressors!
Information channels are the face of the state, and even more so in Russia. In any case, we had the opportunity to compare what the country says with what is happening in reality. This was a lie, unthinkable!
Once I started, looking ahead to the beginning of the second war, I want to recall a few interesting entries:
Listening to journalists of the Russian Federation, it was a wonder whether they have anything sacred in life. There was a time when Putin, although he received carte blanche from Yeltsin, had not yet strengthened his position.
These journalists mocked the army, which I was once proud of and it was absolutely incomprehensible to whose mill they pour water.
Here are the generals sitting in the studio "remembering days gone by and the battles where they fought together."
They tell how they are not allowed to catch the main bandit. As soon as they surround the lair of the "jackal" and then the command comes: "set aside". All the commanders spoke about such awkward orders, starting from the first commander of the united forces in Chechnya army general Kulikov.
1999 Autumn. There is a TV show "Here and Now".
The host is the well-known journalist Lyubimov. "Wingman" - Commander-in-Chief of the Air Force, Colonel General Mikhailov.
The host - “here are the Americans in the Balkans mistakenly bombed civilians, even the Chinese Embassy got it. Tell me, what is the accuracy of our weapons?
“Guided” - “one hundred percent hit on a given target. We can destroy one Basayev from the aircraft’s missiles!”
Host: Why don't you do it?
“Wingman” - “there was no command ....!?”
What does it mean? The bravado of a martinet or the mouth of a baby speaks the truth?
Journalists in their diligence were often ahead of upcoming events.
For example. In the same autumn of the same year. The correspondent (I don’t remember his last name) is broadcasting from the scene of FUTURE events. “Basayev,” he says, “wants to make another sortie into Dagestan. For this diversion prepares trucks"Ural" with all the attributes of the federal troops. But our valiant soldiers will meet him properly.”
"Wolf" has not yet left the lair, but he is ready to meet. What enviable efficiency! Commerce and more.
A few days later, on Savik Shuster's “freedom of speech” polit show, we watch how one elderly general stood up and scolded the press for systematically insulting the armed forces. It is a pity that we did not hear his strong, Russian words, they did not give him a microphone and he left the studio.
I wouldn't be a Chechen if I looked with indifference, how undeservedly insulted, even my enemy. "Russia - you are truly great country behave with dignity both here and there, ”I wanted to scream.
“Whoever owns information owns the world,” the truth says, but Russia, a generous soul, shared this wealth for free.
Can people, who have experienced in their own skin, all these nonsense of the official, diplomatic and defense departments of Russia, believe today everything they say. Of course not. This faith has been repulsed, bombed, mined.
That is why I am trying to win your trust, at least about Chechnya, about Chechens, because a person from Far East won't write anything about it. Please note that this is not a one-sided interpretation of the truth. Standing face to face with events, I try to tell honestly about everything.
* * *
So the general Soviet army Dzhokhar Dudayev, did not justify the hopes of the Chechen and Russian peoples from the first day of his solemn oath on Holy Quran.
But the doors of Dudayev, that at work and at home, were open to any person. And this freedom of action was enjoyed by all and sundry.
Therefore, in his environment were particularly distinguished in their impudence, ignorant persons, non-managers of production, economists and other workers who know their own worth.
One Minister of the Oil Refining Industry of the USSR Khadzhiev Salambek was worth something, the whole country knew him. Having risen after the deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, he broke mines with Gorbachev himself about his political and economic mistakes.
And the whole republic knew others. They came officially to the reception, they were left with hope. And that is all.
Decent people will not knock on the thresholds of his office, and even more so at home. It will be necessary to call, you will not be forcibly nice.
And those who stuck around the general, who envied the managers all their lives, or as they called them partocrats, did not shine in life in any government bodies, on deputy chairs. They could not imagine that their idol Dudaev was the same partocrat, because they would not become army or production generals without a party card in their pocket.
What flattered them most was that they were better informed than ordinary citizens. Having received such an opportunity, they swept rubbish from Dudayev's presidential palace with great pleasure.
* * *
Two words about my relatives, who, by the will of fate, often met with Dudayev. If I dedicate so many lines to all sorts of crooks, why are they worse than them.
Two aunt's sons, mine cousins who lived in different areas, became deputies on October 27, 1991 National Assembly CHRI. It will not be said about the brothers, but very good guys, they didn’t smoke, and even more so, they didn’t drink in their lives, they didn’t express themselves. These were indeed put forward by a broad social force, although they possessed a certain amount of ambition, otherwise they ceased to be Chechens.
Even due to the fact that my brothers are a typical part of the Chechen people, they are worth talking about. We were not friends, we were only connected family relations and no more. They were guys strict rules and I loved freedom. In general, many parents would like to have such sons.
Of course, for gold medals at school, like their cousin, they did not pull, but they finished tolerably high school and could well acquire secondary technical or humanitarian education. But the brothers took other paths, from childhood, like Soviet underground workers, they attended circles for studying the Koran. What their aunt and her husband, that is, my parents, were overjoyed about.
As far as this opportunity was available to me, having a similar underground circle at my uncle's house, but I joined a different science.
Former ones in tsarist time Mutalims of the rural madrassah, my uncle and father, advised me, but did not force me to study the Koran. I repent, I repent immensely, who knew that mullahs could be deputies of the Supreme Council and even become leaders.
My brothers ate what God sent. One worked in the fire department, the other in summer times, left with teams of artel workers to work. Families are larger, but they lived no worse than others.
And so the elder brother made the Hajj to Mecca in 1990. This was the very first hajj for Muslims from the Soviet Union since the Lenin Decree on freedom of conscience and religion was issued on November 8, 1917.
After the completion of the Hajj, Saudi Arabia the plane with the pilgrims arrived in Grozny. And as soon as the brother got off the ladder, the crowd almost tore him to pieces. The Muslims of the Soviet Union yearned for holy places so much that everyone wanted to touch the first Hajj, to tear a piece of fabric from his clothes.
As a result, the brother in the blink of an eye found himself in underpants. The same crowd wrapped him in some kind of sheet and carried him in their arms to the car. The same fate reached all the Hadjis who descended from the plane.
Men who endured 13 years of eviction hard labor, slavery of collective farm plantations, cried and laughed. They arranged a noisy religious dhikr on the square not far from the building of the regional committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the CHIASSR. And, of course, a little gloomy, but recently built in modern style, buildings of the KGB and the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Officials in these buildings hid like mice behind brooms "not seeing anything, not hearing anything and not saying anything to anyone."
The new thinking of the party, with its perestroika and glasnost, was difficult to tuck into their tender stomachs.
And people in cars, in the back of trucks, many on horseback, went to the airport to meet their Hadji. The path from Grozny to the village, the newly minted haji, was accompanied by an honorary escort of everything that moves.
In general, from the day his brother arrived from Saudi Arabia, he did not belong to his family and friends for a week. The people came in an endless stream. Everyone wanted to hug him, look through his eyes at the center of the universe. And the holy water from the Zam-zam spring, souvenirs from Mecca, of course, were not enough for everyone.
If until now, from childhood, I was the grandson of a haji who visited Mecca before the revolution of 1917, one of the last of our village, now I walked in the glory of my brother! But only for a year, until the next batch went on pilgrimage. And of course, I deleted the prefix "cousin".
In subsequent years, he and his brother again traveled to Mecca more than once, and last year his brother died, on way back in the airoport. They buried him as a pilgrim in the same place, which is the secret dream of any true believer.
Well, I, as a fan of the Great Russian poet Pushkin, following his precepts:
Blessed is he who visits Mecca,
In the days of my old age!
waiting for my old age to come. Or our years. Although...
The brothers were indispensable at all rural funeral events, were imams in mosques, in the reconciliation processes of endless quarrels inside Chechnya, in covering the young husband and wife. They were in demand everywhere and everywhere, as if born for this into the world.
Except for one place - in politics!
It was just my place, but they don’t let me go there, not then and not now. True, in order to win a Zhiguli lottery, at least you need to purchase a lottery ticket itself, and I don’t do this, but I secretly dream. And how nice it would be!
But most importantly, Chechnya reveled in the freedom of religions of its forefathers, that at last the ancient predictions of the Chechen holy sheikhs came true.
A few words about these prophecies.
As much as I am a pessimist of any excessive occult superstitions, but I have ears to hear, brains to remember. And I remember well how the old people predicted this day back in 1960-1970.
Yes, they said, all these bans on religion are natural, because they were predicted by the sheikhs: that prayer will be banned, mosques will be closed, poison (agricultural pesticides) will be stored there, roads to the holy places of Mecca will be closed, prisons will be opened for all believers in God. Satanic power will come.
Colleague, I'm a little sorry Soviet power, which gave me an education, where she brought me to the head of the shortage of building materials. In general, it is disgusting to spit in the past, where I was young, handsome and charming.
And I would even say meanness, to sculpt a slap in the face of the authorities, which will not do anything to you.
But I heard it!
I heard that one day all the "fetters will collapse", mosques will open, it will be possible to pray openly, and people can get to Mecca at such a speed that even a hot churek in their bosoms will not have time to cool down.
But this was predicted in the 19th century. My grandfather was born somewhere in the 1850s, and my father was at the end of the 19th century.
“In our village, was it really possible for a muezzin to climb the minaret and call people to prayer, and did you really pray in the mosque?” I asked my father in amazement.
"Yes," answered the father. It is unthinkable to hear this in the 1960s and 70s, but my father said it.
And in 1990, the predictions of the elders came true and people really could be in Mecca, in that short moment, while the hot chock stuck in the bosom had not yet had time to cool down. Mosques were freed from warehouses and rural clubs used them for their intended purpose. In production teams, believers could freely pray.
Following the spirit of the times, we made a partition in the foyer of our office, and we also built a prayer room at work. When the carpenters invited me to accept their clumsy work, opening the creaky plywood door, I remembered the words of Rasul Gamzatov, which appeared on the wave of perestroika and glasnost:
Though they told me for a century, you don’t believe in God,
In this recollected light,
Opened, penitently, the creaky door,
I am a poor aul mosque!
What made our Grand opening except for the mullah. But nothing, he will hear something else, with universal freedom of conscience and religion.
And even from the window of our village Council of Working People's Deputies, the triumphant face of the secretary of the party committee could stick out and shout to the driving driver, who was hiding as if the time of prayer did not concern him: "Mahmud, come in, we are standing for jamaat prayer!"
It's good, great!
But then I thought with horror whether the Soviet government would soon be "alles kaput", it would also fall apart at the table, as the same old people predicted.
Yes, yes, the reader literally heard and peers will not let me lie: "Oh, what a power the Soviet government has, but the sheikhs said it would fall apart in one day, at the table!"
The old people spoke with pride, with admiration (we respect this) about the strength and power of the USSR, but at the same time with anxious regret, how can such a force be turned into ruins at a simple desk.
They said that the last labeled king would come to power!
What king? They completely withered in their ignorance, they have not read a single book in their life, and they make political forecasts there too?! This is how I thought about my old people, as a believing pioneer, member of the Komsomol!
And we ourselves have already witnessed this, as in December 1991 in the Belarusian Belovezhskaya Pushcha, set up a table for Yeltsin, Kravchuk and Shushkevich, so that they would fulfill the prophecies of my old people.
We also witnessed how the "marked king" turned for the last time, from this moment, to a non-existent Soviet people how the banner of the Union was lowered in the Kremlin and the Russian three-color banner was raised. From now on, Russia betrayed the peoples of the Union, whom she rallied forever, for happiness, like Great Russia. Yes, and we, non-Russians, did not understand this then, we thought: "maybe it will be better." In general, something happened that everyone secretly dreamed of, and now we all remember with deep regret.
Fairy tales (at that time, I thought so without a doubt) that were told by illiterate Chechen old people turned into a reality, and the promises of the scientists of the communist ideology about the imminent onset of abundance, equality, brotherhood throughout the earth turned into dust.
This is the situation in Chechnya before Dudayev came to power.
The Chechen people see how its leader, Dudayev, since 1991, is up to his neck in politics, and he doesn’t give a damn about their alapi (salary).
Abandoned people to the mercy of fate were saved, as best they could. We started with a small robbery of motor vehicles on the Union Highway (federal), and then everything that was movable and everything that moved started to go.
I have written about everything about this in other opuses, I will not repeat myself.
But you won't live long on stealing someone else's goods.
People then turned their eyes to the fertile land of Chechnya, from where oil is beating from the bowels. At first, mini-factories for the processing of oil and condensate, gasoline and diesel fuel in a handicraft way began to appear timidly.
In my opinion, the first such plant in our village did not appear without my participation, but we did not agree among ourselves. And then it started running.
But there were, under Dudayev, positive developments. True, he did not take part in this, but he did not interfere either.
Under him, Chechnya turned into a huge market for the entire Caucasus. For the uninformed, I will explain: the Caucasus is the territory from the Turkish border to Rostov-on-Don and Astrakhan. And Volgograd is spiritually close to us than the rest of Russia.
So everyone traded in Chechnya: Russians, non-Russians, and even Armenians from Yerevan with Azerbaijanis from Nakhichevan.
In another two or three years, Chechnya will turn into an international market haven that your Cherkizovsky bazaar, and even all of Russia, could not dream of.
I repeat, the scale was so huge, there were not enough places on the territory of the market, that it was necessary to score places on the track from Thursday, as on Saturday and Sunday. Cars went in caravans to Chechnya day and night, from all four parts of the world.
Such districts as Kurchaloyevsky, Gudermessky, Shalinsky, which even in the harsh Soviet years carefully preserved the honor of a merchant, no matter how they were called names: speculators, parasites, ide on the body of the working people. These areas distributed pastures and even arable lands of collective farms for markets.
Here the sheep are safe and the wolves are full
Yes, of course, there were road robbers, what dashing years of the 90s! The market bazaarkoms fought with them. They paid the Dudaev Guard for protection public order on the roads where the caravans of merchants went.
I can say one thing about Dudayev, for all his shortcomings, he did not get involved in the bazaar - market affairs, did not collect cream. Maybe pride Soviet general did not allow. And there was a lot of money in there.
And Dudayev, meanwhile, was engaged in the "defense capability" of Ichkeria. On the streets of Grozny appeared slogans such as: "A slave who does not seek to get rid of slavery deserves triple slavery. Dzhokhar Dudayev."
A masterpiece of political appeal.
After the dispersal of the deputies who were elected with Dudayev on the same day, he remained with his exclusively devoted people. Many went into opposition with Dudayev up to an armed clash.
Portraits of Dudayev in various poses hung in the offices of the chiefs.
Here he knelt down, raised his hands to the Almighty, asking, probably, happiness for the people. He sits before Allah militarily -field uniform, on the head cap with the emblem of Ichkeria, wolf. Islam forbids portraying any creature, and even more so where he prays, but this does not concern Dudayev.
And here he is again in the same uniform, half-length, the head of a wolf grin peeps out from the right shoulder, the words of Lermontov are written at the left shoulder:
War is their element...
He loves to quote Lermontov, as does his wife, a Russian girl, Alla Izmailova, a poetess. Alla fell in love with this Chechen only for the portrait resemblance to the great Russian poet.
This one was visible part strengthening the defense of Ichkeria, and we could not poke our nose into the area of \u200b\u200bits invisible part. This is a national secret and is not subject to public disclosure. And this invisible part was financed by all the same Russia, fulfilling its social obligations to the Chechen old people, state employees, but the money did not reach the consumer. Echelons of oil products left Chechnya for no one knows where.
By the autumn of 1994, the people of Chechnya realized that this could not last long. Everyone left as best they could. Rural Orthodox, taking advantage of impunity, began to rob their Russians, Armenians. No matter how much I knocked on the threshold of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in order to enclose the PMK economy, nothing helped.
The people of the entire Caucasus watched with excitement and hoped that the two sovereigns of Russia and Chechnya would meet, agree, they were not crazy. The fact that there will be a war, no one believed.
Ruslan Aushev President of Ingushetia, God bless him and years life, did everything in his power to prevent this war from happening. As a Hero of the Soviet Union, an Afghan, he knew what modern warfare, knew his Chechen brothers very well. Our trouble is that the Chechen general did not look like an Ingush general. The first shots, the first victims of the beginning of a new Chechen war, took over the ancient Ingush land, trying to protect its brothers from the impending disaster.
I don’t remember when, but Dudayev sent his messengers to the Don Cossacks so that they would close the gates of the Caucasus from peasant Russia. (Muzhgi is a peasant, a Russian serf is known to the Vainakhs). Alluding to the fact that in the years civil war they tried to create the Don Republic. Of course, nothing came of this idea, and Dudayev lamented through the TV: "Where can you find Cossacks now, there are only Cossack women and an ensemble of songs ... and dances."
With Russian side, so that the two leaders Yeltsin and Dudayev did not meet, it turned out that a powerful reinforced concrete fence was built.
* * *
But Ruslan Aushev managed to put two of his Afghanistan veterans Dudayev and Grachev at the negotiating table in Ingushetia on December 6, 1994. Dudaev was accompanied by a group of odious associates, like Yandarbiev, Basaev and others.
And they seem to have come to a consensus to resolve the conflict peacefully. Even before this historic meeting, there was an official rumor on the local television channel that Dudayev was offered the post of commander of the Russian Air Force and the title colonel general. But, of course, the freedom of the Fatherland is dearer to him. In Chechnya, we followed these talks with hope.
And when Dudayev and Grachev stayed face to face, Dzhokhar told Pavel that his friends were sitting in the next room, if he left here having agreed on peace with Russia, then he would not reach Grozny alive. Basayev and his team have already become infected with war and blood in Abkhazia.
This is one of the versions from the Chechen side and it is very plausible.
After already in Grozny, Dudayev answered questions from journalists.
I literally remember his answer to the question:
"Is it possible to do without military action?
- One hundred thousand Chechens armed to the teeth can be stopped by Allah or war. I do not have the prerogatives of Allah, the war remains."
Dudayev's generation was evicted in 1944 by children, like my older brothers. They grew up among the Russian-speaking population and spoke Russian both at school and on the street. Only at home they spoke in their native language. Therefore, fluent in the language, Dudayev spoke Russian, just like all his peers, without an accent.
He spoke the words in military language expressively, clearly, clearly, like commands in the army "be equal, at attention!" And as if he was driving nails with a hammer blow, observing a pause. And here, owning the character of the people, Dudayev's answer to journalists about "- One hundred thousand Chechens armed to the teeth ..." was an absolute bluff on his part.
First of all, aimed at the ears of a hundred thousand vain Chechens, who have
there was nothing but hats and they were sure that with these "caps they will shower all of Russia." And, of course, to be heard by the Russian special services.
But neither the Chechens nor the Russians drew a conclusion from Dudayev's words.
And so it happened, the same one hundred thousand rural orthodox people who brought Dudayev to power with their cries at rallies reproached us, who doubted that this was the national secret of their idol. For three and a half years of ignorance of where the old people's pensions, the salaries of state employees, oil revenues go, he covered himself with this secret.
Finally, Dudayev opened the veil over her! Only behind her, except for enthusiastic cries and desires, deceived citizens, nothing was visible.
Dudayev's secret somehow looked like Hitler's secret weapon on the eve of the collapse of the Third Reich.
An educated man, a general, a communist, the commander of not a simple division, but a strategic aviation, behaved worse than my old mother.
And she said that, they say, the war does not throw bread rolls and even wild medlar, one must live peacefully with Russia, otherwise people will be left without relatives. I knew from my personal life.
Meanwhile, Russia, having armed the Russian volunteers with tanks, under the leadership of a certain Umar Avtorkhanov from the Nadterechny region (a part of Chechnya loyal to Russia), entered Grozny. It was November 26, 1994, the tank battalion appeared right under the windows of Dudayev himself, in front of his palace. And was destroyed within two hours. Surrendered Russian Dudaev generously released. The corpses of burnt tankers, blown up tanks in Grozny stood for several days as a warning to everyone.
Television around the clock told a tank battle, everyone wanted to be like heroes.
The triumph of Dudaev is evident before the people! He-he-he, he loved to tell how the boys on three-wheeled motorcycles shot Russian tanks point-blank. Photographs were shown, and one of them was on a bicycle with a long RPG barrel on his back, riding to a tank battle.
It was a powerful psychological blow to any defeatist mood of the cowardly people before Russian power.
After that, mass psychosis occurred in Chechnya, village after village came to Grozny, on the square in front of the Council of Ministers, people took an oath: to fight in the sacred gazavat against Russia. The oath was taken under the dictation of the Mufti of Chechnya Magomed - Hussein himself. He came to historical homeland from Kazakhstan, where he was born and raised. Throwing to the mercy of fate the President of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev, for whom he was an adviser on religious issues.
Among the crowd of fellow villagers, I made the same oath myself.
* * *
Two words about Mufti Magomed-Khussein.
While I was wondering about my future strategy of a sacred campaign against the infidels, Chechnya began fighting. But here, not by the way, my paternal cousin fell ill. And such kinship among Chechens is on a par with a sister.
And one day the neighbors come, taking with them a connoisseur of treatments folk remedies, for the manufacture of a talisman, sacred water.
And then, bah, familiar faces! What was my amazement when I recognized in this healer the Mufti of Chechnya Magomed - Hussein.
What about the oath of jihad? I asked my relatives when the door closed behind him.
In general, as soon as the war in Grozny began, this spiritual person, once again abandoned his boss, this time the President of Ichkeria. After giving a runaway from under the bombings, in short dashes, he found himself 55 km from Grozny with his relatives, maternal relatives. And they are my sister's neighbors.
I sat out for several weeks on guest grubs. Took away the spirit, and somehow incredible miracle managed to leave the border of the warring Chechnya, and Russia itself. He went back to Kazakhstan, where he still lives.
Where did the President of Russia look, and where did his special services look?
The Supreme Mullah did not free our Fatherland from the adversary, did not save my sister from a deadly disease.
Dear colleague, convict me of a lie if you doubt my veracity. Our village is called Bachi-Yurt, Kurchaloevsky district, Chechen Republic. And the ex-mufti of Chechnya, Magomed-Khussein, as I heard, is working again in the spiritual administration of Kazakhstan. In Astana! So that the holy place is not empty.
True, I am not going to hang my sins of an oath-breaker on Magomed - Hussein, and I fell under his oath by accident. Once I see how my fellow villagers are walking in a whole crowd through Grozny, I ask: "Where are you going, lads?" Let's go to the square, we will take an oath, get in line! And where do you go from them.
True, with his drapan from Chechnya, he saved more than one rebellious soul from inevitable death. Perhaps he, like many, thought that the assault on December 31 of the city would end as quickly as on November 26. But this time the damned war dragged on.
If the mufti did this, and I took my breath away, then God himself ordered me! So don't be afraid guys, and:
"Play Russian children!
Grow at will!
................................................
Love your labor bread -
And let the charm of childhood poetry
Leads you into the bowels of the native land!
This is me about myself, for the FSB, just in case!
* * *
Even earlier, on December 20, 1994, people, in protest, went to the federal highway, arranged a human chain from the border of Dagestan through Chechnya, Ingushetia and to the border of Ossetia.
But the war began in Grozny.
On December 31, 1994, the ancient call of the ancestors resounded through the villages of Chechnya: "What a pit! Ortsa gave!"
People announce the impending common misfortune on different languages but are greeted the same way.
The men of the village began to gather in two places. Even ardent opponents of Dudayev came. Few stayed at home on this disturbing day.
After taking a shower, I became still uncertain in my determination to prepare for war,
when my mother, sensing something unkind, came to me. My eldest son is already of draft age, and my intentions were to ensure that, in case of anything, I would protect him from the war. In the family, one is at war, and that's enough for us for now. It was such a hard moment.
Dudayev perfectly mastered the character of the people and directly put pressure on his psyche that all generations of Chechens would participate in this war for the next hundred years. Until Russia finally admits its defeat.
But the mother categorically forbade me and my son to think about the war.
What are you talking about, mother, such women gather there that, without batting an eye, escort their sons to war. Me and your grandchildren live in this village, do not disgrace us!
“Hmm!” she said, almost with a grin, “I sent men to war twice in my life, and they all didn’t come back. They didn’t see it. Don’t make me experience this tragedy a third time.”
Father and mother's brothers died during the years of collectivization, and the first husband at the front. In Poland.
In the first days of the beginning, we, ordinary villagers, took the war in Chechnya so closely and everyone considered it their own family tragedy. There was no hatred for the Russian people, I would say. But there was hatred for the war itself, for the enemy, who are sitting in tanks, on planes, hitting our cities and villages. These have already become our enemies and there is no forgiveness for them on earth. Any Chechen thought so, here Dudayev is not a decree for him.
Our militias loaded onto cars, climbed onto the bodies of Kamaz trucks, filled the transport to capacity, as in rush hours. Rarely anyone had a weapon peeking out, white sheets were thrown at them for disguise. After all, it's winter. They shouted to me, stay, they say, someone needs to bury the dead at home. Like children playing pioneer "Zarnitsa"!
The militias, but as soon as they got into the cars, they already become bandits.
So a year has passed since tiny Chechnya was at war with huge Russia. The main phase of the hostilities went to the mountains and to the roads of Chechnya, where, day and night, columns of federal troops made empty empty maneuvers towards each other. And on every corner, from the side of the militants, I expected - a swoop, a blow, a rebound. A similar tactic of battle, in small groups, on a federal armored column was developed by Dudayev himself.
During the war, in the second winter, appearing in a neighboring village, in a mosque, Dudayev began to reproach the old people that their village was weakly fighting. Witnesses told how old people began to complain about the lack of electricity, gas, and other pressing everyday problems. Not a word about the war. Dudayev sat cross-legged on the carpet, his eyes fixed on one point in front of him, drumming his fingers on his knees. Then he silently stood up and walked towards the exit. Old people crowd behind him. On the street, Dudayev pulls out two pistols, shoots at the wheels of the jeep in which he arrived. Then he squeezes out of himself with only his lips: "Sell it, make yourself light, gas, heat. Kotamash (chickens)".
Without saying goodbye to the old people, he got into the car with the guards and left. It is in his habits, in a similar way to knead insults on his subjects.
Here I would like to utter one phrase of Dudaev, although I didn’t hear it myself, but again in the spirit of his character: “The two most terrible peoples on earth clashed, the war cannot be stopped.”
A grateful son of two peoples, one gave birth, the other raised. This is what Dudayev said about Russians and Chechens when a large delegation headed by Anton Volsky, Yeltsin's representative, and a group of Krishnaites arrived in Grozny. For peace talks, in the summer of 1995.
As such, there was no compulsion of youth to go to war, deserters were not caught. There were none. A man once took up arms and killed a man, no matter who the Russian, non-Russian, enemy. He didn't come back. Everything was on a voluntary basis.
If Dudayev was an agent of some Freemasons, then he played this role with brilliance. But I do not think that I could be a clown in someone's hands. With all your negative attitude to this person, to present him as a buffoon in the hands of foreign figures, while substituting my people in the interests of some war party, I cannot. He, as in that distant childhood, as a kid of an exiled people, in the steppes of Kazakhstan, could not compromise his principles and believed that he should fight to the end.
Dudayev's peers, my older brothers born in 1936, 1940, 1941, also talked about their childhood, at school they could be insulted by classmates, called bandits. And they rushed into the fray even alone with a whole crowd. We went, as they say, to the ram biting the bit.
Imagine a population of 450,000 Chechens and Ingush spread across the two republics of Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. I remember almost nothing about it, I was born there and in 1957 climbed up the ladder into the wagon, holding my mother's dress by the hem.
Before the arrival of the exiled people in February 1944, the local population was informed that bandits and cannibals were being brought to them, so please be vigilant. If the elders and teachers behaved correctly, courteously, they didn’t say anything out loud, but children are children. So formed this generation own character. Therefore, for Dudayev, the fact that in his fight a million Chechen people are spitting blood with him is just the will of Allah.
It was only surprising how, with such innermost thoughts in his head, he could devote himself to the Russian army, rise to the rank of general, and even marry a Russian girl? This is with such an attitude towards the Russian people.
Reviews
“Dudaev’s peers, my older brothers born in 1936, 1940, 1941, also talked about their childhood, at school they could be insulted by classmates, called bandits. bit."
Reviewer born in 1939 in 1956 graduated from high school in the city of Frunze, which was then the capital of the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic. And this is what remains in the memory of the city Uzbek school No. 24 (memoirs "Such a Life").
The daily audience of the Proza.ru portal is about 100 thousand visitors, who total amount view more than half a million pages according to the traffic counter, which is located to the right of this text. Each column contains two numbers: the number of views and the number of visitors.
Chechen military, state and political figure, leader of the Chechen separatist movement of the 1990s, first president of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria
Biography
Dzhokhar Dudayev was born on February 15, 1944 in the village of Pervomaiskoye (Chech. Yalhori) of the Galanchozh district Chechen-Ingush ASSR(now Achkhoy-Martan district Chechen Republic), the seventh child in the family (had 9 brothers and sisters). A native of the Yalkhoroy taip. Eight days after his birth, the Dudayev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR, among many thousands of Chechens and Ingush during mass deportation Chechens and Ingush in 1944 (see Deportation of Chechens and Ingush).
In 1957, together with his family, he returned to his homeland and lived in Grozny. In 1959 he graduated from secondary school No. 45, then began working as an electrician in SMU-5, at the same time he studied in the 10th grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated a year later. In 1960 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute, then, after listening to a year-long course of lectures on specialized training, entered the Tambov Higher military school pilots with a degree in pilot-engineer (1962-1966).
In the Armed Forces of the USSR since 1962, he served both on command and on administrative positions.
Since 1966 he served in the 52nd heavy instructor bomber regiment(Shaikovka airfield Kaluga region), began as an assistant commander of an airship.
In 1971-1974 he studied at the command faculty Air Force Academy them. Yu. A. Gagarin.
Since 1970, he served in the 1225th heavy bomber aviation regiment (Belay garrison in the Usolsky district of the Irkutsk region (Sredny settlement), Zabaikalsky Military District), where in subsequent years he successively served as deputy commander of the air regiment (1976-1978), chief of staff (1978 -1979), commander of a detachment (1979-1980), commander of this regiment (1980-1982).
In 1982 he became the chief of staff of the 31st heavy bomber division of the 30th air army, and in 1985-1987 the chief of staff of the 13th guards heavy bomber air division (Poltava): he “was remembered by many Poltava residents, with whom fate brought him together. According to his former colleagues, he was a quick-tempered, emotional and at the same time extremely honest and decent person. Then he still remained a convinced communist, was responsible for political work with personnel.
In 1986-1987, he took part in the war in Afghanistan: according to representatives of the Russian command, at first he was involved in the development of a plan of action for strategic aviation in the country, then on board the Tu-22MZ bomber as part of the 132nd heavy bomber aviation regiment of the Long-Range Aviation, he personally made combat sorties in western regions of Afghanistan, introducing the methodology of the so-called. carpet bombing of enemy positions. Dudaev himself is the fact of his active participation in military operations against the Islamists in Afghanistan has always denied.
In 1987-1991 he was the commander of the strategic 326th Ternopil heavy bomber division of the 46th air army strategic purpose(Tartu, Estonian SSR), at the same time acted as head of the military garrison.
(04/15/1944 - 04/22/1996)
Russia
A native of the Chechen-Ingush ASSR, a Chechen. Born in 1944, the same year when all Chechens were deported to Kazakhstan by order of Stalin and Central Asia. Here he spent his childhood until Khrushchev's permission for the Chechens and Ingush to return to their homeland in 1957.
At one time he graduated from the course of physics and mathematics, then - the Tambov Higher Military aviation school named after M. Raskova and in 1977 - the Air Force Academy named after Gagarin. In 1968 he joined the CPSU and did not formally leave the party. Wife - an artist, three children, a daughter and two sons.
From childhood, he was remembered by his peers as a man too hot even for a Chechen (however, later, according to others, Dudayev learned to restrain his emotions and look very cool in all situations), he was a rather straightforward man, not without ambition, bordering on ambitious. Probably, this is what helped him to achieve a promotion in military service, which is quite rare for a representative of his nationality - to the position of division commander. Moreover, he is the first Chechen general in the Soviet Army.
Colleagues characterized him as a hard, quick-tempered, sharp person, who even had a nervous handwriting: when he wrote, ink splashed in all directions, and sometimes the paper was torn. He was also often reproached for authoritarianism and lust for power. According to his deputy, Yusup Saslambekov, Dudayev was known among Estonians (his division was stationed in Tartu) as a "rebellious general", who allegedly refused to obey the order to block television and the Estonian parliament.
It was not possible to establish whether this was in reality, but according to those who served with him in previous years, Colonel Dudayev was more than loyal to the CPSU. Very aggressively, in the words of one of the political workers who served under him, "he taught political officers how to love the party": "You are called to serve the party as chain dogs who were let down by the Central Committee and are paying money for it!"
However, he believed that he had done more for this party than she had done for him.
Dudayev retired in May 1990, when, as they said, the Chechens who came to Tartu asked him to do so, and headed the Executive Committee of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People (OKChN), which was opposed to the authorities. In fact, he came to power on a wave popular uprising, after on August 19, 1991, the Executive Committee, in the very first hours of the putsch, sided with the Russian parliament and President Yeltsin. The parliament of the republic came to its senses only on August 21 and adopted a resolution condemning the GKChP, but it was too late. Freedom Square filled with people. They built barricades. Recruited into the "National Guard".
As a result, the executive committee of the OKCHN dispersed the Republican Armed Forces and almost by hand led the former chairman of the Armed Forces, Doka Zavgaev, out of the building. The dirty work of the revolution was carried out by the national guardsmen - armed detachments of volunteers created by the chairman of the executive committee of the OKCHN, General Dudayev. Thus, he ended up in power, and the Russian Armed Forces faced a dilemma - to recognize or not to recognize: the illegitimacy of the new and initially perceived as an allied regime was undeniable.
However, the dilemma soon resolved itself: after several tough demands by Dudayev to grant Chechnya complete independence from Russia, the White House condemned his regime in no less harsh terms in a decree dated 8.10.91 of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the RSFSR and the Supreme Court of 10.10.91. " O political position in Checheno-Ingushetia". In response, Grozny announced the appointment of parliamentary and presidential elections for October 27, which repulsed the attacks of lawyers: Dudayev was soon legally elected president.
On November 2, 1991, according to the official formula "as a result of a long national liberation struggle of the Chechen people," the "Chechen state" was proclaimed.
Dudayev's supporters expressed their joy at Dudayev's election as president with hunting rifles, submachine guns, machine guns and pistols in the center of Grozny.
The Chechens completely sided with the general. The editor of the Svoboda newspaper, Lecha Yakhyaev, wrote about Dudayev: "He is not like all of us. He has not a penny behind his soul, he does not have a powerful family clan behind him, and the worst thing is that he is honest." His former colleagues were also not inclined to suspect him of violating the second commandment: no one can say, one of his subordinates said, that he was a grabber. In any case, General Dudayev served as the personification of the "new leader" for the activists of the national movement: a military bone, a "firm hand" and a democratic reputation.
However, according to some experts, it was not about a large-scale shift in the values of the Chechens, but about the personal ambitions of Dudayev and those associated with him, around whose demands general dissatisfaction with the state of affairs in the country was localized. In this regard, the words of Judge Shepa Gadaev are characteristic: "Dudaev is an honest person, not connected with our corrupt system at all levels, not entangled in the mutual responsibility of tribal, selfish nomenklatura ties. Only such energetic and disinterested people can change this life." This is also confirmed by Russian analysts: " national idea He didn't choose, she chose him. D.Dudaev came as a guest to the congress of Chechens and was elected chairman of the Executive Committee.
Ever since the General handed over the House of Political Education to the Islamic Institute the day after the assault, there have been various speculations about the "Muslim component" of his policy. Some analysts believed that Dudayev was in fact a ready leader for the movement. Islamic fundamentalism. The behavior, statements, and policies of the former orthodox communist seemed to confirm this idea in many ways: from exotic details, such as the fact that, under the threat of criminal punishment, Dudayev banned the practice of male gynecologists, to the persistent search for contacts with Muslim republics former USSR, the Muslim world abroad.
It is curious that it was the Islamic Way Party that put forward retired general candidate for the presidency: "The Islamic Way Party is nominating Dudayev D.M. as its candidate for the presidency of the Chechen Republic. Only the election of Dudayev as president of the Chechen Republic will stabilize the situation, exclude the possibility of clan opposition, and lead the republic to democratic reforms," the decision of the Council of this party said . "By the will of Allah and the people, I became the first President of the Chechen Republic," - such was Dudayev's first phrase at the press conference that followed the preliminary vote count.
"I am a Muslim," Dudayev himself claimed, "this religion has been close to me since childhood. I do not observe the hours of prayer and usually turn to Allah in my soul. Please protect me from evil, vices, evil spirits."
However, many attentive political scientists believed that Islam was a screen in his politics, and Dudayev stubbornly sought the support of the Muslim world to fight for Chechnya's hegemony in the Caucasus and create under its auspices a kind of "Commonwealth of States and Peoples of the Great Caucasus", as well as in case of a possible serious clash with the metropolis. It was the conflict with Russia that determined the imperatives of foreign and domestic policy general president.
Presidential candidate Dzhokhar Dudayev built his election program on the main thesis: sovereignty outside of Russia. Dudayev, in turn, aroused fears in Moscow not only with pronounced extremism in achieving independence, but also with threats to start terror in Russia in the event of an attack by the latter on Chechnya. What he himself, however, did not hide, saying: "Those who in the White House give absolutely insane orders and are ready to arrange global bloodshed on our land - I dare to assure you again: we will strike a terrible blow. 30 minutes will be enough to make a mountain corpses. And the grief of the mothers of Russian soldiers will be immeasurable."
As for other aspects of Dudayev's policy, it was characterized by two factors: Chechnya's desire to dominate the North Caucasus and severe pressure on the opposition. Among analysts, the following statements of the President-General were considered more than typical in this regard: “We do not forget that we are responsible for the fate of our brotherly peoples of the Caucasus. ", and I personally, attach particular importance to the issue of the unification of the Caucasus. We are obliged to become the initiators of such unification, because we are in the center of interests of the peoples of our mountainous region both geographically, economically and ethnically." Dudayev believed that such a path also has a good economic base: "We intend to switch to our own money, because we have rich land, in terms of mineral reserves, soil fertility, climate, we are perhaps the richest in the world. The republic only exports to 140 countries.
However, objective indicators were less optimistic. Despite the fact that Checheno-Ingushetia was, in fact, a monopoly in the production of aviation oils, providing more than 90 percent of their consumption in the CIS, 200,000 able-bodied people in the republic were unemployed. In several settlements, there were up to 80-90 percent of the unemployed. Checheno-Ingushetia occupied the last 73rd place in the CIS in almost all vital important indicators. In terms of child mortality - the second from the end.
Therefore, it is no coincidence that the president intensified the search for ways to increase assistance from abroad, in particular, in the organization oil industry and obtaining Arab loans. So, in August 1992, at the invitation of the King of Saudi Arabia, Aravin Fahd bin Abdulaziz and the Emir of Kuwait, Jabar el Ahded ak-Sabah, he visited these countries. He was given a warm welcome, but his request to recognize the independence of Chechnya was denied. But there was still a tangible propaganda effect from this visit. Especially against the backdrop of Russia's growing difficulties in the North Caucasus.
Dzhokhar Dudayev was born on February 15, 1944 in the village of Yalkhoroy, Chechen Republic. Eight days after his birth, the Dudayev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Republic of Kazakhstan during a mass deportation in February 1944.
After some time, the Dudaevs, along with other deported Caucasians, were transferred to the city of Shymkent, the Republic of Kazakhstan. Dzhokhar studied there until the sixth grade, after which in 1957 the family returned to their homeland and settled in the city of Grozny. In 1959 he graduated from secondary school No. 45, then began working as an electrician in the Construction and Installation Department-5, at the same time he studied in the tenth grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated a year later.
In 1960 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. However, after the first course, he left for the city of Tambov, after listening to a year-long course of lectures on profile training, he entered the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School for Pilots named after M.M. Raskova. He graduated from it in 1966. Later he received a diploma from the Air Force Academy named after Yu.A. Gagarin.
From 1962 he served in the military command positions combat units of the Air Force. After college in 1966, he was sent to the 52nd Guards Instructor Heavy Bomber aviation regiment, to the Shaikovka airfield of the Kaluga region as an assistant to the Aircraft Commander. In 1968 he joined the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Since 1970, he served in the 1225th heavy bomber aviation regiment, Belaya's garrison Irkutsk region, Trans-Baikal Military District, later renamed the 200th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Regiment. In subsequent years, he successively held the positions of Deputy Air Regiment Commander, Chief of Staff, Detachment Commander, Regiment Commander.
In 1982, Dudayev was appointed Chief of Staff of the 31st Heavy Bomber Division of the 30th Air Army. From 1985 to 1989, he served as Chief of Staff of the 13th Guards Heavy Bomber Aviation Division.
From the beginning of 1989 to 1991 he commanded the strategic 326th Ternopil Heavy Bomber Division of the 46th Strategic Air Army in the city of Tartu, Republic of Estonia. At the same time, he served as the Chief of the military garrison. In 1989 he received the rank of Major General of Aviation.
From November 23 to 25, 1990, the Chechen National Congress was held in the city of Grozny, which elected an Executive Committee headed by Chairman Dzhokhar Dudayev. In March next year Dudayev demanded the self-dissolution of the Supreme Soviet of the Republic. In May, the retired General accepted the offer to return to the Chechen Republic and headed social movement. In June 1991, at the second session of the Chechen National Congress, Dudayev headed the Executive Committee of the National Congress of the Chechen People.
In October 1991, presidential elections were held, which were won by Dzhokhar Dudayev. By his first decree, Dudayev proclaimed the independence of the self-proclaimed Chechen Republic of Ichkeria from Russia, which was not recognized by other states. On November 7, the President of Russia issued a decree on the introduction in the republic state of emergency, but it was never implemented, because it still existed Soviet Union. In response to this decision, Dudayev introduced martial law on the territory subject to him.
On July 25, 1992, Dudayev spoke at an extraordinary congress Karachai people and condemned Russia for trying to prevent the highlanders from gaining independence. In August, King Fahd of Saudi Arabia and Emir of Kuwait Jaber al-Sabah invited Dudayev to visit their countries in his capacity as President of the Chechen Republic. After that, Dudayev made visits to the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Turkey.
By early 1993, the economic and military environment intensified on the territory of the Chechen Republic. In the summer, there were constant armed clashes. The opposition formed the Provisional Council of the Republic headed by U.D. Avturkhanov. On the morning of November 26, 1994, the city of Grozny was shelled and stormed by Russian special services and opposition groups. By the end of the day, the council forces had left the city. After the unsuccessful assault on the city, the opposition could only count on military aid center. Subdivisions of the Ministry of Defense and Internal Affairs of Russia entered the territory of the republic on December 11, 1994. The First Chechen War began.
In 1995, on June 14, a raid by a detachment of militants under the command of Sh. Basayev took place on the city of Budennovsk, Stavropol region accompanied by a massive hostage-taking in the city. After the events in the city, Dudayev awarded orders personnel Detachment Basaevai awarded Basaev the rank of brigadier general.
On April 21, 1996, Russian special services located the signal from Dudayev's satellite phone near the village of Gekhi-Chu. 2 Su-25 attack aircraft with homing missiles were lifted into the air. Presumably, was destroyed by a rocket strike while talking on the phone. The place where Dudayev was buried is unknown.
In 1997, on June 20, in the city of Tartu, a memorial plaque was installed on the building of the Barclay Hotel in memory of the General. Later, a board was opened on house number 6 on Nikitchenko Street in the city of Poltava, Ukraine.
The biography of Dzhokhar Dudayev was extremely eventful, and the quotes and statements of the man are still remembered. The personality of the leader is controversial, some call him a hero, while others call him a terrorist.
Childhood and youth
Dzhokhar Musaevich Dudayev was born in the village of Yalkhoroy, Galanchozhsky district, USSR, today - an abandoned place. The boy was the 13th child of Musa and Rabiat Dudayev. Dzhokhar had 3 brothers and 3 sisters, as well as 4 half-brothers and 2 sisters, who were his father's children from a previous marriage. The boy's father was a veterinarian.
The exact date of Dzhokhar's birth is unknown, because during the period of deportation all documents were lost, and due to the large number of children, the parents could not remember all the dates. According to one version, Dzhokhar was born on February 15, 1944, but some sources suggest that he could have been born in 1943.
8 days after the birth of the boy, the Dudayev family was deported to the Pavlodar region of the Kazakh SSR during the mass resettlement of Chechens and Ingush.
The death of the father had strong influence on the personality of a six-year-old boy. Dzhokhar's brothers and sisters studied poorly and often skipped school, and the boy tried to study and was even elected head of the class. Through a short time The Dudaev family was moved to Shymkent (now Shymkent), where Dzhokhar studied up to grade 6.
And in 1957 the family returned to their native lands and settled in Grozny. After 2 years, he graduated from high school No. 45, and after that he began working as an electrician in SMU-5. Dzhokhar simultaneously studied in the 10th grade of evening school No. 55, which he graduated a year later.
In 1960 he entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of the North Ossetian Pedagogical Institute. After completing the 1st course, secretly from his mother, he left for Tambov, where he attended a course of lectures on specialized training and entered the Tambov VVAUL named after M. M. Raskova. Due to the fact that the Chechens were secretly equated with enemies, when entering educational institution Dzhokhar lied that he was Ossetian. But, receiving a diploma with honors, Dudayev insisted that real nationality be entered in his personal file.
Career
Dzhokhar Dudayev served in command positions in the Air Force combat units since 1962. After graduating from college in 1966, Dzhokhar was sent to the Shaikov airfield in the Kaluga region, where the man took the vacancy of an assistant commander of an airship.
In 1968 he joined the Communist Party, and in 1971 he entered the command faculty of the Yu. A. Gagarin Air Force Academy, graduating educational institution in 1974. In parallel with his studies, since 1979 he served in the 1225th heavy bomber regiment. There, in the future, he will take the post of first deputy commander of the air regiment, after the chief of staff, commander of the detachment and subsequently - commander of the regiment.
In 1982 he was appointed chief of staff, and from 1985 to 1989 he was transferred to the same position in Poltava (Ukraine). According to colleagues at the time, Dzhokhar was emotional, but at the same time honest and decent person. Then the man had convinced communist views.
General Dzhokhar Dudayev In 1988, a sortie was made in western region Afghanistan aboard a bomber. He introduced the technique of carpet bombing of enemy positions. But Dzhokhar denied the fact of active participation in hostilities against the Islamists. The rank of Major General Dzhokhar was awarded in 1989.
After the events in Vilnius, Dudayev made a statement on Estonian radio. He noted that if Soviet troops will be sent to Estonia, he will not let them through air space.
As he recalls, in January 1991, when he was visiting Tallinn, Dzhokhar provided him with his own car. On it, Boris Yeltsin returned back to Leningrad.
On October 27, 1991, Dzhokhar Dudayev was elected president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria. Even with this position, the man continued to appear in public in military uniform.
Dudayev's first indication was the declaration of independence from the Russian Federation, which was not recognized by foreign states and Russian authorities. In November of the same year, the National Guard was created, and in mid-December, the free carrying of weapons was allowed.
In March of the following year, the Constitution of the Chechen Republic was adopted, in which the state was declared independent. In April 1993, direct presidential rule and a curfew were introduced on the territory of Chechnya.
Chechen War
Based on the decree of Russian President Boris Yeltsin on December 11, 1994 Russian troops entered the territory of Chechnya. Thus began the First Chechen War.
Based on Russian sources, under the command of Dudayev, among other things, there were 15 thousand fighters, 42 tanks, 66 infantry fighting vehicles and BT, as well as 40 anti-aircraft systems. From the side of aviation - 260 training aircraft, and the advance of the FSB was accompanied by serious resistance.
By the beginning of 1995, after terrible bloody battles, the Russian army established control over the city of Grozny and continued to advance to the south of the republic. Dudayev was hiding in the mountains, constantly changing location.
Personal life
At the time when Dzhokhar Dudayev met Alevtina (Alla) Fedorovna Kulikova, he was an Air Force lieutenant. The acquaintance took place in the Kaluga region, in the military town of Shaikovka.
In 1969, Dzhokhar married Alevtina, three children were born in the family: two sons - Avlur, born on December 24, 1969, and Degi - were born on May 25, 1983, and also a daughter, Danu, was born in 1973. According to information for 2006, Dzhokhar has 5 grandchildren.
His wife shared garrison life with Dzhokhar and went with him all the way: from lieutenant to general. Despite all the difficulties, in her personal life, Alla Dudayeva constantly supported her husband, being with him until the most unfortunate moment.
Death
From the beginning of the First Chechen War, Dudayev was hunted by Russian special services. Three attempts on Dudayev's life ended in failure. The first attempt was made by a sniper, but he missed. The second assassination attempt took place on May 24, 1994, it was decided to blow up Dzhokhar's car. But then the Mercedes, on which Dudayev was driving, was thrown a few meters and turned over. Neither the man nor his guards were hurt.
The third case is an attempt to destroy the leader's house with the help of aircraft. A radio beacon was placed in the building. It must be said that Dudayev was always famous for the instinct of the beast: he left the house with all the guards 5 minutes before the launch of an aircraft rocket.
On April 21, 1996, Russian special services detected a signal from Dudayev's satellite phone near the village of Gekhi-Chu, 30 km from Grozny. In this regard, Su-25 attack aircraft with homing missiles were lifted into the air.
Presumably, Dudayev was destroyed by a missile strike, this happened directly during a telephone conversation with State Duma deputy Konstantin Borov. Borovoy himself is not sure that Dudayev was eliminated during the conversation. By individual information Johar was about to speak with Morocco's representative Hassan II. His man called him a possible candidate for mediators in negotiations with the Kremlin.
Documentary film "Illusion" about Dzhokhar DudayevAfter this incident, there were many rumors that Dzhokhar Dudayev was alive. Some politicians said that the man was hiding in Istanbul. But the footage dated April 23, 1996 became the final point in this story. In the early 2000s, Vesti journalists showed the public a photo where Dudayev was burned dead.
In one of the interviews, he admitted that he loved and respected Dzhokhar Dudayev. The people strongly supported the leader, otherwise the people would not have followed him.
Dzhokhar Dudayev received several awards: 2 orders and 4 medals.
The location of Dudayev's grave is unknown.
Memory
- The first memorial plaque in memory of Dzhokhar Dudayev was opened on July 20, 1997 in the city of Tartu (Estonia) on the wall of the Barclay Hotel. The inscription on it reads: "The first president of the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria, General Dzhokhar Dudayev, worked in this house in 1987-1991."
- On September 20, 2007, a board was opened in Poltava at house number 6 on Nikitchenko Street.
- Square named after Dzhokhar Dudayev in Vilnius - in September 1998, a stone monument was opened in the square named after Dzhokhar Dudayev, which is located in the Vilnius microdistrict Zverynas. The lines of the poet Sigitas Gyada, dedicated to Dudayev, are engraved on it.
The inscription in Lithuanian reads:
"Oh son! If you wait for the next century, and, stopping at the high Caucasus, look around: do not forget that there were men here who raised the people and came out to protect the holy ideals of freedom ”(literal translation)
- 1992 - documentary "Dookie".
- 2017 - documentary film "Illusion".
- 2003 - the book "The first million: Dzhokhar Dudayev", author Alla Dudayeva.
- Battalion named after Dzhokhar Dudayev.
