Ivan Petrovich Pavlov - one of the most famous physiologists in the world, who overshadowed his teachers, a bold experimenter, the first Russian laureate Nobel Prize, possible prototype Bulgakov's professor Preobrazhensky.

Surprisingly, little is known about his personality in his homeland. We studied the biography of this outstanding person and tell you a few facts about his life and legacy.

1.

Ivan Pavlov was born into the family of a Ryazan priest. After the theological school, he entered the seminary, but, contrary to the wishes of his father, he did not become a clergyman. In 1870, Pavlov came across Ivan Sechenov's book Reflexes of the Brain, became interested in physiology and entered St. Petersburg University. Pavlov's specialty was animal physiology.

2.

First year teacher inorganic chemistry Pavlova was Dmitri Mendeleev, who a year earlier had published his periodic table. And Pavlov's younger brother worked as an assistant for Mendeleev.

3.

Pavlov's favorite teacher was Ilya Zion, one of the most conflicting personalities of his time. Pavlov wrote about him: “We were directly struck by his masterfully simple presentation of the most complex physiological issues and his truly artistic ability to set up experiments. Such a teacher is not forgotten all his life.

Zion irritated many colleagues and students with his integrity and incorruptibility, was a vivisector, anti-Darwinist, quarreled with Sechenov and Turgenev.

Once at an art exhibition, he had a fight with the artist Vasily Vereshchagin (Vereshchagin hit him on the nose with a hat, and Zion claimed that with a candlestick). It is believed that Zion was one of the compilers of the Protocol of the Elders of Zion.

4.

Pavlov was an implacable opponent of communism. "You are right to believe in world revolution. you sow by cultural world not a revolution, but fascism with great success. There was no fascism before your revolution,” he wrote to Molotov in 1934.

When the purges began among the intelligentsia, Pavlov wrote to Stalin in a rage: "Today I am ashamed that I am Russian." But even for such statements, the scientist was not touched.

He was defended by Nikolai Bukharin, and Molotov forwarded letters to Stalin with the signature: "Today the Council of People's Commissars received a new nonsense letter from Academician Pavlov."

The scientist was not afraid of punishment. “The revolution caught me almost at the age of 70. And somehow I got stuck firm conviction that the term is active human life exactly 70 years old. And so I boldly and openly criticized the revolution. I said to myself: “To hell with them! Let them shoot. Anyway, life is over, I will do what my dignity demanded of me.

5.

Pavlov's children were named Vladimir, Vera, Victor and Vsevolod. The only child whose name did not begin with V was Mirchik Pavlov, who died in infancy. short life the youngest, Vsevolod, also lived: he died a year before his father.

6.

Many distinguished guests visited the village of Koltushi, where Pavlov lived.

In 1934, Pavlov was visited Nobel laureate Niels Bohr with his wife and science fiction H. G. Wells with son, zoologist George Philip Wells.

A few years earlier, H.G. Wells had written for The New York Times article about Pavlov, which contributed to the popularity of the Russian scientist in the West. After reading this article, the young literary scholar Burres Frederick Skinner decided to change careers and became a behavioral psychologist. In 1972 Skinner was named the most an outstanding psychologist 20th century by the American Psychological Association.

7.

Pavlov was an avid collector. First, he collected butterflies: he grew, caught, begged from traveling friends (the pearl of the collection was a bright blue, with a metallic sheen, a butterfly from Madagascar). Then he became interested in stamps: a Siamese prince once presented him with stamps of his state. For each birthday of a member of the family, Pavlov gave him another collection of works.

Pavlov had a collection of paintings that began with a portrait of his son, which was made by Nikolai Yaroshenko.

Pavlov explained the passion for collecting as a goal reflex. “The life of only that red and strong, who all his life strives for constantly achieved, but never achievable goal or with the same ardor moves from one goal to another. All life, all its improvements, all its culture becomes a reflex of the goal, becomes only people striving for this or that goal they have set for themselves in life.

8.

Pavlov's favorite painting was Vasnetsov's "Three Bogatyrs": the physiologist saw in Ilya, Dobrynya and Alyosha images of three temperaments.

9.

On the reverse side Moon next to the crater Jules Verne is the crater Pavlov. And between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, the asteroid (1007) Pavlovia is circling, also named after the physiologist.

10.

Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for a series of works on the physiology of the digestive tract in 1904, eight years after the death of its founder. But in the Nobel speech, the laureate said that their paths had already crossed.

Ten years earlier, Nobel had sent Pavlov and his colleague Marcellius Nenetsky a large sum to support their laboratories.

“Alfred Nobel showed a keen interest in physiological experiments and offered us several very instructive projects of experiments that touched upon the highest tasks of physiology, the question of aging and dying of organisms.” Thus, it can be considered that he received the Nobel Prize twice.

This is the identity behind big name and the academician's strict white beard.

In the design of the article, a frame from the movie "Heart of a Dog" was used.

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is a Nobel Prize winner and an internationally recognized scientific authority. Being a talented scientist, he made a significant contribution to the development of psychology and physiology. It is he who is considered the founder of such scientific direction, as he made a number of major discoveries in the field of digestion regulation, and also founded a physiological school in Russia.

Parents

The biography of Pavlov Ivan Petrovich begins in 1849. It was then that the future academician was born in the city of Ryazan. His Dmitrievich, was a native of peasant family and worked as a priest in one of the small parishes. Independent and truthful, he constantly clashed with his superiors, and therefore did not live well. Pyotr Dmitrievich loved life, had good health and loved to work in the garden and garden.

Varvara Ivanovna, Ivan's mother, came from a spiritual family. In her younger years, she was cheerful, cheerful and healthy. But frequent childbirth (there were 10 children in the family) greatly undermined her well-being. Varvara Ivanovna had no education, but diligence and natural intelligence turned her into a skilled educator of her own children.

Childhood

The future academician Pavlov Ivan was the firstborn in the family. Childhood years left an indelible mark on his memory. AT mature years he recalled: “I remember very clearly my first visit to the house. Surprisingly, I was only a year old, and the nanny carried me in her arms. For the fact that I remember myself early, says something else vivid memory. When my mother's brother was buried, I was carried out in my arms to say goodbye to him. This scene is still in front of my eyes."

Ivan grew up fervent and healthy. He enjoyed playing with his sisters and younger brothers. He also helped his mother (in household chores) and his father (when building a house and in a garden). His sister L.P. Andreeva spoke about this period of her life as follows: “Ivan always remembered dad with gratitude. He was able to instill in him the habit of work, accuracy, accuracy and order in everything. Our mother had tenants. Being a hard worker, she tried to do everything herself. But all the children idolized her and tried to help: bring water, heat the stove, chop wood. Little Ivan had to deal with all this.

School and trauma

He began to study literacy at the age of 8, but he only got to school at 11. It was all the fault of the case: once a boy laid out apples on a platform to dry. He stumbled, fell off the stairs and fell straight onto the stone floor. The bruise was quite strong, and Ivan fell ill. The boy turned pale, lost weight, lost his appetite and began to sleep badly. His parents tried to treat him at home, but nothing helped. Once the abbot of the Trinity Monastery came to visit the Pavlovs. Seeing the sickly boy, he took him to him. Enhanced nutrition, fresh air and regular gymnastics returned Ivan strength and health. The guardian turned out to be a smart, kind and highly educated person. He drove and read a lot. These qualities made a strong impression on the boy. The first book that Academician Pavlov received in his youth from the hegumen was the fables of I. A. Krylov. The boy learned it by heart and carried his love for the fabulist through his whole life. This book has always been on the scientist's desk.

Seminary training

In 1864, under the influence of his guardian, Ivan entered the theological seminary. There he immediately became best student, and even helped his comrades as a tutor. Years of study introduced Ivan to the works of such Russian thinkers as D. I. Pisarev, N. A. Dobrolyubov, V. G. Belinsky, A. I. Herzen, N. G. Chernyshevsky, etc. The young man liked their desire to fight for freedom and progressive changes in society. But over time, his interests switched to natural science. And here a huge impact for the formation scientific interests Pavlova had a monograph by I. M. Sechenov "Reflexes of the brain." After graduating from the sixth grade of the seminary, the young man realized that he did not want to pursue a spiritual career, and began preparing for entrance exams to university.

Studying at the University

In 1870, Pavlov moved to St. Petersburg with the desire to enter the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. But it turned out to pass on legal. The reason for this is the limitation of seminarians in terms of the choice of professions. Ivan petitioned the rector, and two weeks later he was transferred to the physics and mathematics department. The young man studied very successfully and received the most high scholarship(imperial).

Over time, Ivan became more and more interested in physiology and from the third year he devoted himself completely to this science. Final Choice he did under the influence of Professor I.F. Zion - a talented scientist, a brilliant lecturer and a skilled experimenter. Here is how Academician Pavlov himself recalled that period of his biography: “I chose animal physiology as my main specialty, and chemistry as an additional one. At that time, Ilya Fadeevich made a huge impression on everyone. We were struck by his masterfully simple presentation of the most complex physiological issues and his artistic talent in conducting experiments. I will remember this teacher for the rest of my life.

Research activities

The first Pavlovs date back to 1873. Then, under the guidance of F.V. Ovsyannikov, Ivan examined the nerves in the lungs of a frog. In the same year, together with a classmate, he wrote the first. The leader, of course, was I. F. Zion. In this work, students studied the influence of the laryngeal nerves on blood circulation. At the end of 1874, the results were discussed at a meeting of the Society of Naturalists. Pavlov regularly attended these meetings and interacted with Tarkhanov, Ovsyannikov and Sechenov.

Soon, students M. M. Afanasiev and I. P. Pavlov began to study the nerves of the pancreas. The University Council awarded this work gold medal. True, Ivan spent a lot of time on research and did not pass his final exams, losing his scholarship. This forced him to stay at the university for another year. And in 1875 he brilliantly graduated from it. He was only 26 (the photo of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov at this age, unfortunately, has not been preserved), and the future was seen as very promising.

Physiology of circulation

In 1876, the young man got a job as an assistant to Professor K. N. Ustimovich, head of the laboratory at the Medico-Surgical Academy. In the next two years, Ivan conducted a series of studies on the physiology of blood circulation. Pavlov's work was highly appreciated by Professor S.P. Botkin and invited him to his clinic. Formally, Ivan took the position of a laboratory assistant, but in fact he became the head of the laboratory. Despite the poor premises, lack of equipment and meager funding, Pavlov achieved serious results in the field of studying the physiology of digestion and blood circulation. In scientific circles, his name became more and more famous.

The first love

In the late seventies, he met Serafima Karchevskaya, a student pedagogical department. The young people were united by closeness of views, common interests, loyalty to the ideals of serving society and fighting for progress. In general, they fell in love with each other. And the surviving photo of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov and Serafima Vasilievna Karchevskaya shows that they were a very beautiful couple. It was the support of his wife that made it possible to achieve young man such success in the scientific field.

Looking for a new job

For 12 years of work in the clinic of S. P. Botkin, the biography of Pavlov Ivan Petrovich was replenished with many events scientific nature and he became famous both at home and abroad. Improving the working and living conditions of a talented scientist has become a necessity not only for the sake of his personal interests, but also for the sake of the development of Russian science.

But in times tsarist Russia to achieve any change for a simple, honest, democratic-minded, impractical, shy and unsophisticated person, which was Pavlov, turned out to be extremely difficult. In addition, the life of the scientist was complicated by prominent physiologists, with whom Ivan Petrovich, while still young, publicly entered into heated discussions and often emerged victorious. Yes, thanks negative feedback Professor I. R. Tarkhanov on Pavlov’s work on blood circulation, the latter was not awarded the prize.

Ivan Petrovich could not find a good laboratory to continue his research. In 1887, he addressed a letter to the Minister of Education, in which he asked for a place in the department of some experimental university. Then he sent several more letters to various institutes and was refused everywhere. But soon luck smiled at the scientist.

Nobel Prize

In April 1890, Pavlov was elected professor of pharmacology at once in two and Tomsk. And in 1891 he was invited to organize a department of physiology at the newly opened University experimental medicine. Pavlov headed it until the end of his days. It was here that he performed several classical works on the physiology of the digestive glands, who were awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904. Everything science community remembers the speech delivered by Academician Pavlov “On the Russian Mind” at the award ceremony. It should be noted that this was the first prize awarded for experiments in the field of medicine.

Despite the famine and devastation during the formation of Soviet power, V. I. Lenin issued a special decree in which Pavlov’s work was highly appreciated, which testified to an exceptionally warm and caring attitude Bolsheviks. AT as soon as possible academician and his staff were created the most favorable conditions for scientific work. Ivan Petrovich's laboratory was reorganized into the Physiological Institute. And on the occasion of the 80th anniversary of the academician, a scientific institute-town was opened near Leningrad.

Many dreams come true long time nurtured academician Pavlov Ivan Petrovich. The scientific works of the professor were regularly published. At his institutes, clinics of mental and nervous diseases. In all the scientific institutions new equipment arrived. The number of employees increased tenfold. Except budget funds, the scientist each month received amounts to spend at his own discretion.

Ivan Petrovich was excited and touched by such attentive and warm attitude Bolsheviks to his scientific activity. After all, at tsarist regime he was constantly in need of money. And now the academician was even worried about whether he could justify the trust and care of the government. He spoke about this more than once both in his environment and publicly.

Death

Academician Pavlov died at the age of 87. Nothing foreshadowed the death of the scientist, because Ivan Petrovich had excellent health and rarely fell ill. True, he was prone to colds and had pneumonia several times. Pneumonia was the cause of death. On February 27, 1936, the scientist left this world.

Whole Soviet people mourned when Academician Pavlov died (the description of Ivan Petrovich's death immediately appeared in the newspapers). Gone big man and the great scientist who introduced huge contribution in the development of physiological science. Ivan Petrovich was buried not far from the grave of D. I. Mendeleev.

Ivan Pavlov is one of the brightest scientific authorities in Russia, and what can I say, of the whole world. Being a very talented scientist, throughout his life he managed to make an impressive contribution to the development of psychology and physiology. It is Pavlov who is considered the founder of the science of higher education. nervous activity person. The scientist created the largest physiological school in Russia and made a number of significant discoveries in the field of digestion regulation.

short biography

Ivan Pavlov was born in 1849 in Ryazan. In 1864 he graduated from the Ryazan Theological School, after which he entered the seminary. On the last year The work of Professor I. Sechenov “Reflexes of the brain” fell into Pavlov’s hands, after which the future scientist forever connected his life with the service of science. In 1870, he entered the Faculty of Law at St. Petersburg University, but a few days later he was transferred to one of the departments of the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics. Department of Medical and Surgical Academy, which long time led by Sechenov, after the forced relocation of the scientist to Odessa, it came under the leadership of Ilya Zion. It was from him that Pavlov adopted the virtuoso technique of surgical intervention.

In 1883, the scientist defended his doctoral dissertation on the topic of centrifugal cardiac nerves. Over the next few years, he worked in the laboratories of Breslau and Leipzig, which were led by R. Heidenhain and K. Ludwig. In 1890, Pavlov held the positions of head of the Department of Pharmacology of the Military Medical Academy and head of the physiological laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine. In 1896, the Department of Physiology of the Military Medical Academy fell under his tutelage, where he worked until 1924. In 1904, Pavlov received the Nobel Prize for successful research into the physiology of digestive mechanisms. Until his death in 1936, the scientist served as rector of the Institute of Physiology of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

Scientific achievements of Pavlov

A distinctive feature of the research methodology of Academician Pavlov was that he connected physiological activity organism with mental processes. This relationship has been confirmed by numerous studies. The works of the scientist, describing the mechanisms of digestion, served as an impetus for the emergence of a new direction - the physiology of higher nervous activity. Pavlov devoted more than 35 years of his scientific work to this area. His mind belongs to the idea of ​​creating a method of conditioned reflexes.

In 1923, Pavlov published the first edition of his work, in which he describes in detail more than twenty years of experience in studying the higher nervous activity of animals. In 1926, near Leningrad, the Soviet government built the Biological Station, where Pavlov launched research into the genetics of behavior and higher nervous activity of anthropoids. Back in 1918, the scientist conducted research in Russian psychiatric clinics, and already in 1931, on his initiative, a clinical base for research on animal behavior was created.

It should be noted that in the field of knowledge of the functions of the brain, Pavlov made perhaps the most serious contribution in history. Application of it scientific methods made it possible to lift the veil of the mystery of mental illness and to outline possible ways their successful treatment. With support Soviet government, the academician had access to all the resources necessary for science, which allowed him to conduct revolutionary research, the results of which were truly stunning.

Pavlov Ivan Petrovich became known to us primarily as a physiologist, a well-known scientist who created the science of higher nervous activity, which has a huge practical value for many sciences. This is medicine, and psychology, and physiology, and pedagogy, and not just Pavlov's dog, which reacts to a light bulb with an increased flow of saliva. For his merits, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize and some were named after him. educational establishments, scientific institutes. Pavlov's books are still published in fairly large print runs. For those who are not yet familiar with the achievements of the scientist and do not know who Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is, short biography help correct this omission.

The future luminary was born in Ryazan, in the family of a clergyman, in 1849. Since Pavlov's ancestors were "churchmen", the boy was forced to go to a religious school and a seminary. He later spoke of this experience with warmth. But having accidentally read Sechenov's book on the reflexes of the brain, Ivan Pavlov left his studies at the seminary and became a student at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics in St. Petersburg.

After graduating with honors, he received degree candidate natural sciences, and decided to continue his studies at the Medico-Surgical Academy, after which he received a doctor's diploma.

Since 1879, Ivan Petrovich became the head of the laboratory at the Botkin clinic. It was there that he began his studies of digestion, which lasted over twenty years. Soon the young scientist defended his dissertation and received the appointment of Privatdozent at the Academy. But the offer from Heidenhain and Karl Ludwig, quite well-known physiologists, to work in Leipzig seemed to him more interesting. Returning two years later to Russia, Pavlov continued his scientific work.

Already by 1890, his name became known in scientific circles. Simultaneously with the direction of physiological research in Military Medical Academy, he also headed the Department of Physiology at the Institute of Experimental Medicine. Scientific work scientist began with the study of the heart and circulatory system, but later the scientist devoted himself entirely to the study digestive system. Through many experiments, white spots in the structure of the digestive tract began to disappear.

The main test subjects of the scientist were dogs. Pavlov wanted to understand the mechanism of the pancreas, and to make necessary tests her juice. To do this, through trial and error, he brought out part of the dog's pancreas, and created the so-called fistula. Through the hole, pancreatic juice got out and was suitable for research.

The next step was the study of gastric juice. The scientist was able to make a gastric fistula that no one could before. Now it was possible to investigate the secretion of gastric juice, its quantity and quality indicators, depending on the characteristics of the food.

Pavlov made a report in Madrid and there outlined the main milestones of his teaching. A year later, writing about his research treatise, the scientist was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1904.

The next thing that attracted the attention of the scientist was the reaction of the body, including the digestive system, to external stimuli. This was the first step towards the study of conditional and unconditional connections - reflexes. This was a new word in physiology.

Many living organisms have a system of reflexes. Since a person has more historical experience, - his reflexes are richer and more complex than those of the same dogs. Thanks to Pavlov's research, it became possible to trace the process of their formation and understand the basic principles of the cerebral cortex.

There is an opinion that in the post-revolutionary period, during the years of "devastation", Pavlov was below the poverty line. But nevertheless, remaining a patriot of his country, he refused a very lucrative offer to move to Sweden for further scientific work with one hundred percent funding.

Some researchers believe that the scientist simply did not have the opportunity to travel abroad, and he filed petitions for permission to emigrate. Some time later, in 1920, the scientist finally received the long-promised institute from the state, where he continued his research.

His research was closely watched by the top Soviet power and thanks to this patronage, the scientist was able to fulfill his old dreams. Clinics equipped with new equipment were opened at his institutes, the staff was constantly expanding, and funding was excellent. Since that time, the regular publication of Pavlov's works also began.

But the scientist's health last years left much to be desired. Having been ill several times with pneumonia, he looked unhealthy, very tired and generally did not feel very well. And in 1936, after a cold that turned into another pneumonia, Pavlov died.

It may well be that today medicines and would have coped with the disease, but then medicine was still at a low level of development. The death of a scientist was a major loss for everything scientific world.

Pavlov's contribution to science cannot be overestimated. He brought physiology and psychology into one plane, his studies of higher nervous activity gave impetus to the development of various sciences. The name of Ivan Petrovich Pavlov is now familiar to everyone educated person. On this, I consider it possible to complete the presentation of the life and work of the scientist, because a short biography of Pavlov I.P. adequately illuminated.

Pavlov, Ivan Petrovich - Russian psychologist, physiologist, researcher of the processes of regulation of digestion, Nobel Prize winner. Founder of the science of higher nervous activity.

Biography

Ivan Petrovich Pavlov was born on September 26, 1849 in Ryazan. Father, Peter Dmitrievich Pavlov, was a parish priest. Mother, Varvara Ivanovna, was engaged in housekeeping.

Ivan studied at the Ryazan Theological School. In 1864, after graduating from college, Pavlov entered the theological seminary in Ryazan. Later, he recalled this period with warmth, noted the work of wonderful teachers. In his last year, Pavlov got acquainted with the book by I. M. Sechenov “Reflexes of the Brain”. This book defined further fate Pavlova.

In 1870 he entered St. Petersburg University Faculty of Law. True, he studied here for only 17 days, and then transferred to the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, the natural department. He studied with professors F.V. Ovsyannikov, I.F. Zion, and was especially interested in animal physiology. He paid much attention nervous regulation, as befits a true follower of Sechenov.

After graduating from the university, Pavlov entered the Medical and Surgical Academy, immediately into the third year. In 1879, he graduated from the academy and began working at the Botkin clinic, where he headed the physiology laboratory.

From 1884 to 1886, Pavlov trained in France and Germany, and then returned to work for Botkin again.

In 1890, Pavlov was appointed professor of pharmacology at the Military Medical Academy, six years later he headed the department of physiology here, which he left only in 1926.

At the same time, Ivan Petrovich explores the physiology of digestion, blood circulation, and higher nervous activity. In 1890, he carried out his famous experiment with imaginary feeding and established what role nervous system in the processes of digestion.

So, it was found that the process of sap secretion is divided into two phases: neuro-reflex and humoral-clinical.

Then Pavlov began to study higher nervous activity, achieved significant success in the study of reflexes.

In 1903, Pavlov, who by that time was already 54 years old, made a presentation at the International Medical Congress, which was held in Madrid. AT next year Ivan Pavlov was awarded the Nobel Prize for the study of digestion processes.

In 1907 the scientist becomes a member Russian Academy Sciences. In 1915 the London royal society presents him with the Copley medal.

Pavlov took the revolution generally negatively. During civil war he was in poverty, so he turned to the Soviet authorities with a request to let him out of the country. The authorities promised to improve the situation, but did very little in this direction. In the end, in 1925, the creation of the Institute of Physiology in Koltushi, headed by Pavlov. He worked here until his death.

Pavlov's main achievements

• He established that the work of the heart is regulated not only by the inhibitory and accelerating nerves, but also by the amplifying nerve. Also suggested the existence of debilitating nerves.
• For the first time, he performed an operation to connect the portal vein with the inferior vena cava. He explained the importance of the liver as an organ that cleanses the blood of harmful products.
• Made whole line discoveries concerning the reflection of the secretion of gastric juice.
• Pavlov formulated the principles of the physiology of higher nervous activity.

Important dates in Pavlov's biography

• September 26, 1849 - birth in Ryazan.
• 1864 - admission to the theological seminary in Ryazan.
• 1870 - admission to St. Petersburg University.
• 1875 - Pavlov is awarded a gold medal and graduates from the university. Admission to the Medical-Surgical Academy.
• 1879 - graduation from the academy. Work as head of the laboratory at the Botkin clinic.
• 1883 - defense of his doctoral dissertation on the topic "On the centrifugal nerves of the heart."
• 1884-1886 - internship in France and Germany.
• 1890 - Head of the Department of Pharmacology of the Medico-Surgical Academy.
• 1897 - publication of the work "Lectures on the work of the main digestive glands."
• 1901 - Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
• 1904 Nobel Prize awarded.
• 1907 - full member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.
• 1925 - the beginning of work as head of the Institute of Physiology.
• February 27, 1936 - Ivan Petrovich Pavlov died.

• The first resident of Russia to receive the Nobel Prize.
• Once he admitted that without glasses he could not conduct a single experiment on dogs. Just because I wouldn't see dogs.
• Pavlov considered Descartes the forerunner of his own research, for which he put a bust of him next to the laboratory in Koltushi.
• He was fond of collecting butterflies and playing gorodki.
• The scientist was left-handed, but stubbornly developed right hand. As a result, he even learned to do operations with it.
• He had a negative attitude towards Soviet power and argued that it had no future, and the USSR was doomed to perish. Therefore, he did not get into the camp only due to the enormous prestige not only in Russia, but throughout the world.